Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010)

Home , Eugenia Kalnay, Joseph Smagorinsky, Lester Machta, Orography, Tor Bergeron

Complete bibliography of all items cited in

A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010)

Paul N. Edwards

Caveat: this bibliography contains occasional typographical errors and incomplete citations.

Abbate, Janet. Inventing the Internet. Inside Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.

Abbe, Cleveland. “The Weather Map on the Polar Projection.” Monthly Weather Review 42, no. 1 (1914): 36-38.

Abelson, P. H. “Scientific Communication.” Science 209, no. 4452 (1980): 60-62.

Aber, John D. “Terrestrial Ecosystems.” In Climate System Modeling, edited by Kevin E. Trenberth, 173- 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Ad Hoc Study Group on Carbon Dioxide and Climate. “Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment.” (1979):

Air Force Data Control Unit. Machine Methods of Weather Statistics. New Orleans: Air Weather Service, 1948.

Air Force Data Control Unit. Machine Methods of Weather Statistics. New Orleans: Air Weather Service, 1949.

Alaka, MA, and RC Elvander. “Optimum Interpolation From Observations of Mixed Quality.” Monthly Weather Review 100, no. 8 (1972): 612-24.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 1 Alder, Ken. The Measure of All Things: The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World. New York: Free Press, 2002.

Allen, MR, and DJ Frame. “Call Off the Quest.” Science 318, no. 5850 (2007): 582.

Alvarez, LW, W Alvarez, F Asaro, and HV Michel. “Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction.” Science 208, no. 4448 (1980): 1095-108.

American Meteorological Society. 2000. Glossary of Meteorology. http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/

Anderson, E. C., and W. F. Libby. “World-Wide Distribution of Natural Radiocarbon.” Physical Review 81, no. 1 (1951): 64-69.

Anonymous. “The Challenge of the World Network Problem.” WMO Bulletin 12, no. 3 (1963): 144-48.

Anthes, Richard A. 1999. President's Report for October 1999 Ucar Board of Trustees, Member Representatives and University Relations Committee Meetings. http://www.ucar.edu/governance/meetings/oct99/reports/anthes/index.html

Antilla, L. “Climate of Scepticism: Us Newspaper Coverage of the Science of Climate Change.” Global Environmental Change 15, no. 4 (2005): 338-52.

Arakawa, A. “The Cumulus Parameterization Problem: Past, Present, and Future.” Journal of Climate 17, no. 13 (2004): 2493-525.

Arakawa, Akio. “Paul N. Edwards.” (1997):

Arakawa, Akio. “A Personal Perspective on the Early Years of General Circulation Modeling At UCLA.” In General Circulation Model Development, edited by David A. Randall, 1-65. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000.

Arakawa, Akio, and Wayne Howard Schubert. “Interaction of a Cumulus Cloud Ensemble With the Large- Scale Environment, Part I.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 31, no. April (1974): 674-701.

Arkin, Phillip, Eugenia Kalnay, James Laver, Siegfried D. Schubert, and Kevin Trenberth. “Ongoing Analysis of the Climate System: A Workshop Report.” Paper presented at the Ongoing Analysis of the Climate System, Boulder, 2003.

Arrhenius, Svante. “On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon the Temperature of the Ground.” Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41 (1896): 237-76.

Aspray, William. John Von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Atlas, R., E. Kalnay, and M. Halem. “Impact of Satellite Temperature Sounding and Wind Data on Numerical Weather Prediction.” Optical Engineering 24, no. 2 (1985): 341-46.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 2 Auer, I., R. Bohm, H. Scheifinger, M. Ungersbock, A. Orlik, and A. Jurkovic. “Metadata and Their Role in Homogenising.” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Fourth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases, Budapest, 2004.

Ausubel, Jesse. “Federal Organization for Climate and Energy: A Brief History and Analysis.” (1989):

Barron, Eric J., William H. Peterson, David Pollard, and Starley Thompson. “Past Climate and the Role of Ocean Heat Transport: Model Simulations for the Cretaceous.” Paleoceanography 8, no. 6 (1993): 785-98.

Bartky, Ian R. One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.

Bartky, Ian R. “The Adoption of Standard Time.” Technology and Culture 30, no. 1 (1989): 25-56.

Barton, Joe, Whitfield, Ed, and House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. 2005. Letter to Michael Mann. http://republicans.energycommerce.house.gov/108/Letters/062305_Mann.pdf

Bauer, K. G., and J. E. Kutzbach. “Evaluation Standards for Dynamical Prediction Models.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 13, no. 4 (1974): 505-06.

Baum, Werner, Marjorie Courain, William Haggard, Roy Jenne, Kelly Redmond, and Thomas Vonder Haar. “Report of the Atmospheric Sciences Data Panel.” In Study on the Long-Term Retention of Selected Scientific and Technical Records of the Federal Government: Working Papers, edited by Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, Washington: National Academy Press, 1995.

Beck, Harold L., and Burton G. Bennett. “Historical Overview of Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing and Estimates of Fallout in the Continental United States.” Health Physics 82, no. 5 (2002): 591- 608.

Bedient, H. A., and G. P. Cressman. “An Experiment in Automatic Data Processing.” Monthly Weather Review 85, no. 10 (1957): 333-40.

Bellamy, John C. “Automatic Processing of Geophysical Data.” Advances in Geophysics 1 (1952): 1-43.

Bengtsson, L., K. I. Hodges, and L. S. R. Froude. “Global Observations and Forecast Skill.” Tellus 57, no. 4 (2005): 515-27.

Bengtsson, Lennart. Results of the Global Weather Experiment. Vol. WMO no. 610, Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 1983.

Bengtsson, Lennart, Phil Arkin, Paul Berrisford, Philippe Bougeault, Chris K. Folland, Chris Gordon, Keith Haines, Kevin I. Hodges, Phil Jones, Per Kallberg, Nick Rayner, Adrian J. Simmons, Detlef Stammer, Peter W. Thorne, Sakari Uppala, and Russell S. Vose. “The Need for a Dynamical Climate Reanalysis.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88, no. 4 (2007): 495-501.

Bengtsson, Lennart, and Jagadish Shukla. “Integration of Space and in Situ Observations to Study Global Climate Change.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 69, no. 10 (1988): 1130-43.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 3 Beniger, James R. The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Bergengren, Jon C., and Starley L. Thompson. “Modeling the Effects of Global Climate Change on Natural Vegetation.” (1994):

Bergengren, Jon C., Starley L. Thompson, David Pollard, and Robert M. Deconto. “Modeling Global Climate–Vegetation Interactions in a Doubled CO2 World.” Climatic Change 50, no. 1-2 (2001): 31- 75.

Bergeron, Tor. “Methods in Scientific Weather Analysis and Forecasting: An Outline on the History of Ideas and Hints At the Program.” In The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion: Scientific Contributions to the Rossby Memorial Volume, edited by Bert Bolin, 440-74. New York: Rockefeller Institute Press, 1959.

Bergthorsson, P., and B. R. Döös. “Numerical Weather Map Analysis.” Tellus 7, no. 3 (1955): 329-40.

Bergthorsson, P., B. R. Döös, S. Frylkund, O. Haug, and R. Lindquist. “Routine Forecasting With the Barotropic Model.” Tellus 7, no. 2 (1955): 272-76.

Bijker, Wiebe, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch. The Social Construction of Technological Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.

Bijker, Wiebe E., and John Law, (eds.) Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992.

Bjerknes, V. Fields of Force: Supplementary Lectures, Applications to Meteorology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1906.

Bjerknes, V. Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography, Part II. Kinematics. New York: Gibson Bros., Carnegie Institute, 1911.

Bjerknes, V., Johan Wilhelm Sandström, Theodor Hesselberg, and Olak Martin Devik. Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1910.

Bjerknes, Vilhelm, Jakob Bjerknes, Halvor Skappel Solberg, and Tor Bergeron. Physikalische Hydrodynamik, MIT Anwendung Auf Die Dynamische Meteorologie. Berlin: J. Springer, 1933.

Block, Ben. 2008. A Look Back At James Hansen's Seminal Testimony on Climate, Part Two. http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2008/6/17/235739/259

Blomkvisk, Pär, and Arne Kaijser, (eds.) Den Konstruerade Världen: Tekniska System I Historiskt Perspektiv. Stockholm: Brutus Östlings, 1998.

Bloomfield, Brian P. Modelling the World: The Social Constructions of Systems Analysts. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. “The National Climate Program: Early Achievements and Future Directions.” (1986):

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 4 Bodansky, Daniel. “The History of the Global Climate Change Regime.” In International Relations and Global Climate Change, edited by Urs Luterbacher, and Detlef F. Sprinz, 23–40. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001.

Boehm, R, I Auer, M Brunetti, M Maugeri, T Nanni, and W Schoener. “Regional Temperature Variability in the European Alps: 1760-1998 From Homogenized Instrumental Time Series.” International Journal of Climatology 21, no. 14 (2001): 1779-801.

Bolin, B., E. M. Dobrishman, K. Hinkelmann, E. Knighting, and P. D. Thompson. “Numerical Methods of Weather Analysis and Forecasting.” (1962):

Bornstein, R. F. “The Predictive Validity of Peer Review: A Neglected Issue.” Behavioral and Brain Science 14, no. 1 (1991): 138-39.

Bourke, W., B. McAvaney, K. Puri, and R. Thurling. “Global Modeling of Atmospheric Flow By Spectral Methods.” In General Circulation Models of the Atmosphere, edited by Julius Chang, 267-324. San Francisco: Academic Press, 1977.

Bourke, William. “A Multi-Level Spectral Model. I. Formulation and Hemispheric Integrations.” Monthly Weather Review 102 (1974): 687-701.

Bourke, William. “History of NWP in Australia – 1970 to the Present.” Paper presented at the The Past, Present and Future of Numerical Modelling: The 16th BMRC Modelling Workshop, Melbourne, December 6-9 2004.

Bowen, M. “Censoring Science: Inside the Political Attack on Dr.” James Hansen and the Truth of Global Warming.(New York, NY: Dutton, Penguin Group) (2008):

Bowker, Geoffrey C. Memory Practices in the Sciences. Inside Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.

Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Inside Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.

Boykoff, MT. “Lost in Translation? United States Television News Coverage of Anthropogenic Climate Change, 1995–2004.” Climatic Change 86, no. 1 (2008): 1-11.

Boykoff, MT, and JM Boykoff. “Balance as Bias: Global Warming and the Us Prestige Press.” Global Environmental Change 14 (2004): 125-36.

Boykoff, MT, and JM Boykoff. “Climate Change and Journalistic Norms: A Case-Study of Us Mass-Media Coverage.” Geoforum 38, no. 6 (2007): 1190-204.

Bradley, RS, PM Kelly, PD Jones, CM Goodess, and HF Diaz. A Climatic Data Bank for Northern Hemisphere Land Areas, 1851-1980. Vol. Technical Report TR017, Washington: US Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, 1985.

Brandt, A. The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America. Basic Books, 2009.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 5 Braun, Ingo. “Geflügelte Saurier: Zur Intersystemische Vernetzung Grosser Technische Netze.” In Technik Ohne Grenzen, edited by Ingo Braun, and Bernward Joerges, 446-500. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994.

Braun, Ingo, and Bernward Joerges. Technik Ohne Grenzen. 1. Aufl ed. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994.

Bray, Anna J. “The Ice Age Cometh: Remembering the Scare of Global Cooling.” Policy Review 58, no. Fall (1991): 82-84.

Briffa, K. R., T. J. Osborn, F. H. Schweingruber, P. D. Jones, S. G. Shiyatov, and E. A. Vaganov. “Tree-Ring Width and Density Data Around the Northern Hemisphere: Part 1, Local and Regional Climate Signals.” The Holocene 12, no. 6 (2002): 737.

British Meteorological Office. “Meteorological Office Discussion: Dynamical Forecasting By Numerical Methods.” The Meteorological Magazine 83, no. 984 (1954): 175-82.

Brohan, P, JJ Kennedy, I Harris, SFB Tett, and PD Jones. “Uncertainty Estimates in Regional and Global Observed Temperature Changes: A New Dataset From 1850.” J. Geophys. Res 111, no. D12106 (2006):

Bromley, Allan G. “Analog Computing Devices.” In Computing Before Computers, edited by William Aspray, 156-99. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.

Bromley, D. Allan. The President's Scientists: Reminiscences of a White House Science Advisor. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

Brooks, C. E. P. “Geological and Historical Aspects of Climatic Change.” In Compendium of Meteorology, edited by Thomas F. Malone, 1004-18. Boston: American Meteorological Society, 1951.

Brown Jr., George E., Rep. “Environmental Science Under Siege: Fringe Science and the 104th Congress.” (1996):

Brückner, Eduard. “How Constant is Today's Climate?” In Eduard Brückner: The Sources and Consequences of Climate Change and Climate Variability in Historical Times, edited by Nico Stehr, and Hans von Storch, 63-75. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, 1889.

Brunt, David. Physical and Dynamical Meteorology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939.

Buchan, Alexander. Report on Atmospheric Circulation Based on the Observations Made on Board H. M. S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, and Other Meteorological Observations. Edited by Challenger Office Great Britain. Vol. II, part V, Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1889.

Buchan, Alexander. “The Meteorological Results of the 'Challenger' Expedition in Relation to Physical Geography.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 13, no. 3 (1891): 137-58.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 6 Buckland, Michael K. “Information as Thing.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 42, no. 5 (1991): 351-60.

Bundy, McGeorge. “National Security Action Memorandum No. 101, Follow-Up on the President's Speech to the United Nations General Assembly on September 26, 1961.” National Security Action Memorandums (NSAM) [Kennedy Administration, 1961-63], Federation of American Scientists, Intelligence Resource Program (1961): 3.

Burks, Alice R., and Arthur W. Burks. “The ENIAC: The First General Purpose Electronic Computer.” Annals of the History of Computing 3, no. 4 (1981): 310-99.

Burr, William , and Montford, Hector L. 2003. The Making of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, 1958-1963. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB94/index.htm

Bushby, F. H., and M. K. Hinds. “Electronic Computation of the Field of Atmospheric Development.” The Meteorological Magazine 82, no. 977 (1953): 330-31.

Calder, Nigel. The Weather Machine. New York: Viking Books, 1975.

Callendar, G. S. “The Artificial Production of Carbon Dioxide and Its Influence on Temperature.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 64, no. 275 (1938): 223-40.

Callendar, G. S. “Can Carbon Dioxide Influence Climate?” Weather 4, no. 3 (1949): 310-14.

Callendar, G. S. “On the Amount of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere.” Tellus 10, no. 2 (1958): 243-48.

Callendar, G. S. “Temperature Fluctuations and Trends Over the Earth.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 87, no. 371 (1961): 1-12.

Callendar, GS. “The Composition of the Atmosphere Through the Ages.” Meteorological Magazine 74 (1939): 33-39.

Callon, Michel. “Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay.” In Power, Action, and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge?, edited by John Law, 196-233. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

Callon, Michel. “Society in the Making: The Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis.” In The Social Construction of Technological Systems, edited by Wiebe Bijker, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, 83-106. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987.

Callon, Michel, and Bruno Latour. “Unscrewing the Big Leviathan: How Actors Macro-Structure Reality and How Sociologists Help Them to Do So.” In Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Towards an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, edited by Karin D. Knorr-Cetina, and Aaron V. Cicourel, 277-303. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981.

Carlsson, Anders. “Computer Technology in Sweden.” Uppsala Newsletter: History of Science 29 (2000):

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 7 Cartwright, Gordon D., and Charles H. Sprinkle. “A History of Aeronautical Meteorology: Personal Perspectives, 1903-1995.” In Historical Essays on Meteorology, 1919-1995, edited by James Roger Fleming, 443-80. Boston: American Meteorological Society, 1996.

Cassidy, D. C. “Meteorology in Mannheim: The Palatine Meteorological Society, 1780-1795.” Sudhoffs Archiv 69 (1985): 8-25.

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.

Ceruzzi, Paul E. “When Computers Were Human.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 13, no. 3 (1991): 237-44.

Chaboureau, JP, and P Bechtold. “A Simple Cloud Parameterization Derived From Cloud Resolving Model Data: Diagnostic and Prognostic.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59, no. 15 (2002): 2362-72.

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Chamberlin, Thomas C. “The Influence of Great Epochs of Limestone Formation Upon the Constitution of the Atmosphere.” Journal of Geology 6 (1898): 609-21.

Chandler, Alfred Dupont. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1977.

Charlson, Robert J., and Tom M. L. Wigley. “Sulfate Aerosol and Climatic Change.” Scientific American 270, no. 2 (1994): 48-57.

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Charney, Jule G., R. Fjørtoft, and John von Neumann. “Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation.” Tellus 2, no. 4 (1950): 237-54.

Christianson, Gale E. Greenhouse: The 200-Year Story of Global Warming. New York: Walker and Company, 1999.

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Christy, John R., Roy W. Spencer, and Elena S. Lobl. “Analysis of the Merging Procedure for the MSU Daily Temperature Time Series.” Journal of Climate 11 (1998): 2016 -2041.

Christy, John R., Roy W. Spencer, and Richard T. McNider. “Reducing Noise in the MSU Daily Lower- Tropospheric Global Temperature Dataset.” Journal of Climate 8 (1995): 888-96.

Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 8 Christy, JR, WB Norris, RW Spencer, and JJ Hnilo. “Tropospheric Temperature Change Since 1979 From Tropical Radiosonde and Satellite Measurements.” Journal of Geophysical Research 112, no. D6 (2007):

Christy, JR, RW Spencer, and WD Braswell. “MSU Tropospheric Temperatures: Dataset Construction and Radiosonde Comparisons.” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 17, no. 9 (2000): 1153- 70.

Chubin, Daryl E., and Edward J. Hackett. Peerless Science: Peer Review and U.S. Science Policy. Suny Series in Science, Technology, and Society. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1990.

Chuine, I, P Yiou, N Viovy, B Seguin, V Daux, and E Le Roy Ladurie. “Back to the Middle Ages? Grape Harvest Dates and Temperature Variations in France Since 1370.” Nature 432 (2004a): 289-90.

Chuine, I., P. Yiou, N. Viovy, B. Seguin, V. Daux, and E. LeRoy Ladurie. “Back to the Middle Ages? Grape Harvest Dates and Temperature Variations in France Since 1370.” Nature 432 (2004b): 289-90.

Clark, William C., Jill Jäger, Josée van Eijndhoven, and Nancy M. Dickson. Learning to Manage Global Environmental Risks: A Comparative History of Social Responses to Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Rain. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001.

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Clayton, H. H. World Weather Records. Vol. 90 (1921-1930), Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1934.

Clayton, H. H. World Weather Records. Vol. 105 (1931-1940), Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1947.

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Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 9 Collins, Harry, and Trevor Pinch. The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Committee on Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2000 Years, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, and National Research Council. Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2006.

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Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 10 Conservation Foundation. Implications of Rising Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere. New York: The Conservation Foundation, 1963.

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Coutard, Olivier, Richard Hanley, and Rae Zimmerman. Sustaining Urban Networks: The Social Diffusion of Large Technical Systems. The Networked Cities Series. London; New York: Routledge, 2004.

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Edwards, A Vast Machine Bibliography 11 Daipha, Phaedra. “Masters of Uncertainty: Weather Forecasters and the Quest for Ground Truth.” University of Chicago, 2007.

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Daniel, Hans-Dieter. Guardians of Science: Fairness and Reliability of Peer Review. Translated by William E. Russey. New York: VCH, 1993.

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David, Paul A., and Julie Ann Bunn. “The Economics of Gateway Technologies and Network Evolution: Lessons From Electricity Supply History.” Information Economics and Policy 3 (1988): 165-202.

Davies, Sir Arthur. Forty Years of Progress and Achievement. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 1990. de Vries, Henk J. “Standardization — a New Discipline?” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, Piscataway, 2001.

Dee, Dick P. 2003. Detection and Correction of Model Bias During Data Assimilation. http://www.ecmwf.int/newsevents/meetings/annual_seminar/seminar2003_presentations/Dee.p df

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