Managing Floods in Pakistan: from Structural to Non- Structural Measures
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Flooded Economy of Pakistan
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 4(13), pp. 331-338, November, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JDAE DOI: 10.5897/JDAE11.048 ISSN 2006- 9774 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Flooded economy of Pakistan Syed Shabib ul Hasan* and Syed Shahid Zaheer Zaidi Department of Public Administration, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Accepted 16 August, 2012 The ability to achieve sustainable recovery after a disastrous calamity remains an uphill task for an economy like Pakistan, owing to inefficiencies of the systems and the ineffectiveness of the policies in such economies. The floods in 2010 to 2011 have imposed a substantial adverse impact on the economy. As the effect on various macroeconomic parameters essentially depend on the policy that the government adopts, it would be difficult at this juncture to provide an absolute quantitative assessment of the impact of floods on the economy. However, the government is faced with a set of macroeconomic tradeoffs and has to choose an optimal policy that will mitigate the impact of floods in the shortest period of time, while keeping alive the long-run objectives of sustainable economic stability and growth. Nevertheless, progress in the recovery of the system is stained by prevailing security and economic conditions. While rising flood-related expenditures with continued power sector subsidies and security issues are one aspect of the problem, a narrow tax base and a declining tax to GDP ratio are bigger issues in magnifying the fiscal challenges. This research is an effort to understand and analyze the economic and political impacts of the disastrous floods in July 2010 to 2011. -
Protection of Women Rights Through Legal Reforms in Pakistan
Journal of Public Administration and Governance ISSN 2161-7104 2013, Vol. 3, No. 4 Protection of women rights through legal reforms in Pakistan Naveeda Noreen (Corresponding author) Department of Political Science The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Prof. Dr. Razia Musarrat Chairperson, Department of Political Science The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur, Pakistan Accepted: December 27, 2013 doi:10.5296/ jpag.v3i4.5059 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ jpag.v3i4.5059 Abstract This paper presents the status of women rights in Pakistan and protection of these rights under the umbrella of legal reforms. After independence the women of Pakistan played an active role in nation building activities as well for their own social uplift. International organizations played special attention towards the issue of women empowerment During Ayub Era Muslim Family Law Ordinance 1961 was promulgated which is regarded as a first step forward for the protection of women rights. During Zia regime discriminatory laws were introduced which disturbed the equilibrium between male and female in the society. These laws put a negative impact on the status of women. Women organizations protested against Hudood Laws and demanded to repeal it. During the period of Musharraf new laws were introduced for the protection of women rights(women Protection Act 2006),it is regarded as golden era in context of legislation made for women empowerment .The process of legal reforms is in progression .The women are still subjugated to many criminal acts like harassment at work place ,attempted rape and acid throwing. There is a need of devising effective implementation mechanism in true letter and spirit for the safeguard of women rights. -
Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: a Review Muhammad Aslam
Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Review Muhammad Aslam To cite this version: Muhammad Aslam. Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Re- view. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Mehran University of Engi- neering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 2018, 37 (2), pp.297 - 314. 10.22581/muet1982.1802.06. hal-01744925 HAL Id: hal-01744925 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01744925 Submitted on 27 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology Vol. 37, No. 2, 297-314, April 2018 p-ISSN: 0254-7821, e-ISSN: 2413-7219 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1802.06 Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Review MUHAMMAD ASLAM*† RECEIVED ON 19.12.2016 ACCEPTED ON 29.05.2017 ABSTRACT Flooding is globally a major natural hazard. Floods result in property and life loss and poor economic development. Though it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of floods, but their negative impacts could be minimized considerably through proper planning and effective preparation. -
The Empty Promise of Urbanisation: Women’S Political Participation in Pakistan
Working Paper Volume 2021 Number 547 The Empty Promise of Urbanisation: Women’s Political Participation in Pakistan Ali Cheema, Asad Liaqat, Sarah Khan, Shandana Khan Mohmand and Shanze Fatima Rauf February 2021 2 The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) delivers world-class research, learning and teaching that transforms the knowledge, action and leadership needed for more equitable and sustainable development globally. Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) is an international research programme which explores how social and political action can contribute to empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict, and violent settings, with a particular focus on Egypt, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Led by the Institute of Development Studies, A4EA is being implemented by a consortium which includes: the Accountability Research Center, the Collective for Social Science Research, the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives, Itad, Oxfam GB, and the Partnership for African Social and Governance Research. It is funded with UK aid from the UK government (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office – FCDO, formerly DFID). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official policies of our funder. © Institute of Development Studies 2021 Working Paper Volume 2021 Number 547 The Empty Promise of Urbanisation: Women’s Political Participation in Pakistan Ali Cheema, Asad Liaqat, Sarah Khan, Shandana Khan Mohmand and Shanze Fatima Rauf February 2021 First published by the Institute of -
Pakistan: Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 May 2010
Pakistan: Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 May 2010 Updated information relating to persons targeted by the Taliban in Pakistan An Institute for War & Peace Reporting article comments on the use of the term “Taleban” in regard to militant groups in Pakistan as follows: “At the moment, various militant groups operate in FATA. The TTP are present there, but so are at least two other major Taleban groups under Mullah Nazir and Hafiz Gul Bahadur. The Taleban name is also applied to other groups. To the north, in the Swat valley of Pakistan's North West Frontier Province, NWFP, thousands of Pashtun militants under Maulana Fazlullah were attacked by the Pakistan army in the summer of 2009. To the south, in the Punjab, Sunni Muslim extremist – but non-Pashtun – groups like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Sipah-e- Sahaba Pakistan, SSP, have been called the Punjabi Taleban. Their targets include the secular government and Shia Muslims throughout the country. Calling all these groups Taleban would imply some form of coordination between them. But Dr Maleeha Lodhi, Pakistan's former ambassador to Britain and the US, argues that it would be a mistake to group the different militant bands in Pakistan together. ‘If we conflate the threat, we overlook the fact that these groups - militant groups generally in Pakistan (not just the Pakistani Taleban) - are different in their origin, outlook, reach, capacity, ethnic identity, as well as their goals and motivations,’ she said.” (Institute for War & Peace Reporting (22 February 2010) Pakistani Taleban Bruised But Unbowed) A BBC News report states: “One year on from the launch of the massive army offensive against Taliban militants around Pakistan's Swat valley, peace still eludes local residents. -
Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S
Pakistan Journal of Meteorology Vol. 9, Issue 17: Jul 2012 Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S. Rehman1, M. A. Shah2 Abstract In this paper, the study was conducted across the country to assess the rainfall trend in different climate zones of Pakistan over the past three decades. For this purpose dataset comprising 30 years for the period 1976 to 2005 were acquired from 30 meteorological observatories from different parts of the country. The whole data was analyzed through Analysis Of Variations (ANOVA) along Dunnett T3 test. The result has shown a decreasing trend (-1.18mm/decade) all over the country, which may be attributed to the presence of drought period during 1998- 2001. Stations located in different zones of the country mainly from North, North West, West and Coastal areas respectively show overall significant decreasing trend whereas plain areas and South West of the country have been observed with no significant trend. Adverse consequences of the rainfall have already been observed in Pakistan in the form of droughts and super floods which have badly affected human settlements, water management and agriculture sectors. Keywords: Rainfall trend, Climate zones, ANOVA test along Dunnett T3 test. Introduction The issue of climate change has emerged very strongly during the last two decades on global scale in view of its projected implications on the environment of vulnerable states. Steadily rising temperature and its impacts on the cryosphere and rainfall are evident in many regions around the world. There are indications that Pakistan has had its share of the large climatic variations that are known to have taken place in northwest India in the past. -
Flash Flood Risk Assessment I
Paper No. 707 FLASHFLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT IN PAKISTAN Husnain Ahmad, Javeed Iqbal Bokhari, Qazi Tallat Mahmood Siddiqui 696 Ahmad, Bokhari, Siddiqui Pakistan Engineering Congress, 71st Annual Session Proceedings 697 FLASHFLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT IN PAKISTAN Engr. Husnain Ahmad1, Javeed Iqbal Bokhari2 and Qazi Tallat Mahmood Siddiqui3 ABSTRACT Pakistan has vastly varied topography, with Northern alpines covered with glaciers and Southern Plains bordering the Arabian Sea. There are five big rivers flowing through the country from north to south namely the mighty Indus and its tributaries i.e. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. There is a well marked monsoon season from July to mid-September in which most of the country receives rainfall. Riverine flooding is common in the low lying areas along the rivers during monsoon season while flash flooding is also experienced in hilly and semi-hilly areas. Owing to climatic changes occurring across the globe, flash floods demonstrate ever increasing damage potential country wide. Traditionally, main focus has been on riverine flood management though construction of levees, bunds and spurs, to protect towns and precious lands along the main river courses. Pakistan has suffered from the worst flood of its history in monsoon season of 2010. As per DNA report of ADB / World Bank, the Floods affected an area of about 160,000 km2 (one fifth of the country), claiming about 1,985 lives, damaging around 1.5 million houses, wiping out cropped area of more than 17 million acres and population of about 20 million have been displaced. The major portion of life damage in 2010 floods is attributed to flash floods. -
Causation and Avoidance of Catastrophic Flooding Along The
2013 GSA PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS CELEBRATE GSA’S 125TH ANNIVERSARY JANUARY 2013 | VOL. 23, NO. 1 A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA® Causation and Avoidance of Catastrophic Flooding along the Indus River, Pakistan Preliminary Announcement and Call for Papers: 2013 GSA Rocky Mountain Section Meeting Final Announcement and Call for Papers: 2013 GSA Northeastern Section Meeting Causation and Avoidance of Catastrophic Flooding along the Indus River, Pakistan James P.M. Syvitski and G. Robert Brakenridge*, Community to investigate inundation dynamics (Brakenridge et al., 1994, Surface Dynamics Modeling System, INSTAAR, University of 1998; O’Grady et al., 2011). Here, we analyze data from a suite of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 90309-0545, USA, orbital sensors to track the 2010 Indus River flooding at high spatial resolution and frequent temporal sampling. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) provides topography at 90 m ABSTRACT spatial and ~1.3 m vertical resolution; the data were collected in The catastrophic flood of 2010 along the Indus River began in February 2000, during the dry season when the Indus River was at July with unusually intense but not unprecedented rainfall in the extreme low stage (Digital Elevation Model [DEM]; see GSA upland catchment. During four months, close to 2,000 fatalities Supplemental Data1). GeoEye data show surface water changes occurred and ~20,000,000 inhabitants were displaced. The finer than 1 m; the MODIS sensor revisits twice daily at much meteorological events triggered but did not cause this “natural” coarser spatial resolution and AMSR-E provides independent disaster. Analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing and monitoring of river discharge changes. -
Final Report
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA) THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN THE PROJECT FOR NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT MARCH 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL PT OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION JR 13-001 NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA) THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN THE PROJECT FOR NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT MARCH 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION The following foreign exchange rate is applied in the study: US$ 1.00 = PKR 88.4 Preface In response to a request from the Government of Pakistan, the Government of Japan decided to conduct “Project for National Disaster Management Plan” and entrusted to the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a study team headed by Mr. KOBAYASHI Ichiro Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. and consists of CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. and OYO International Corporation between April 2010 and August 2012. The team conducted field surveys at the study area, held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Pakistan and implemented seminars, workshops, and so on. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and prepared this final report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of this project and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Pakistan for their close cooperation extended to the study. -
Women Struggling to Achieve Higher Education: a Cultural
WOMEN STRUGGLING TO ACHIEVE HIGHER EDUCATION: A CULTURAL COMPARISON OF PAKISTANI AND AMERCIAN PAKISTANI WOMEN A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Graduate and Professional Studies in Education California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Education (Behavioral Sciences/Gender Equity Studies) by Sehar Saqib Choudhary SUMMER 2014 © 2014 Sehar Saqib Choudhary ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii WOMEN STRUGGLING TO ACHIEVE HIGHER EDUCATION: A CULTURAL COMPARISON OF PAKISTANI AND AMERCIAN PAKISTANI WOMEN A Thesis by Sehar Saqib Choudhary Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Sherrie Carinci, Ed.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Angela Shaw, Ed.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Sehar Saqib Choudhary I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. , Department Chair Susan Heredia, Ph.D. Date Graduate and Professional Studies in Education iv Abstract of WOMEN STRUGGLING TO ACHIEVE HIGHER EDUCATION: A CULTURAL COMPARISON OF PAKISTANI AND AMERCIAN PAKISTANI WOMEN by Sehar Saqib Choudhary My intention for this comparison study was to bring awareness to the struggles of Pakistani and American Pakistani women’s in achieving higher education. Additionally, the study measured the influence of social construction of gender, parental expectations, socioeconomic status, culture, and gender dynamics within family and education of Pakistani and American Pakistani women in pursuit of their educational goals. Through quantitative and qualitative data, the researcher reached several conclusions. The results indicated that parental expectations, experience with education system and culture, socioeconomic status and gender dynamics within family, and gender dynamics within education affected the participants of this study in a significant way. -
Impact of Floods on Women
aphy & N r at og u e ra G l Bukhari and Rizvi, J Geogr Nat Disast 2015, 5:2 f D o i s l a Journal of a s DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.1000140 n t r e u r s o J ISSN: 2167-0587 Geography & Natural Disasters ResearchLetter Article OpenOpen Access Access Impact of Floods on Women: With Special Reference to Flooding Experience of 2010 Flood in Pakistan Syed Iazaz Ahmad Bukhari1* and Shahid Hassan Rizvi2 1Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Pakistan Studies and History, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abstract During floods under convoluted situations women have to adjust themselves. Pakistan’s 65 percent population resides in rural areas which are the main victims of flood. As of 2010, the literacy ratio of rural women was just 34.2 per- cent. Moreover, 50 percent of females are married before the age of 20 and this factor is responsible for higher fertility rate (4.1) in rural areas. These ladies experience severe risks during their pregnancies. As of 2010, maternal mortality rate in rural areas was 319/100000 live births. Under cultural traditions of the country females have to stay at camps for around the clock. Most of the camps are unhygienic and overcrowded without spare space for feeding mothers. Anemic pregnant women and feeding mothers face the problem of malnutrition and food shortages. Wash rooms and toilets are insufficient, unsanitary and insecure and are one of the major causes of sexual assaults at camps. Keywords: Maternal mortality; Anemic mothers; Sexual assaults; has the same meanings for every individual of the society [6]. -
Unusual Rainfall Shift During Monsoon Period of 2010 in Pakistan: Flash Flooding in Northern Pakistan and Riverine Flooding in Southern Pakistan
Vol. 7(9), pp. 882-890, September 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJEST12.164 African Journal of Environmental Science and ISSN 1996-0786 © 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/AJEST Technology Full Length Research Paper Unusual rainfall shift during monsoon period of 2010 in Pakistan: Flash flooding in Northern Pakistan and riverine flooding in Southern Pakistan Muhammad Arslan1,3,*, Muhammad Tauseef2, Mehtab Gull1, Mujtaba Baqir1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Usman Ashraf1 and Bassam Shafiq Al-Tawabini3 1College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab, Pakistan. 2Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan. 3Department of Earth Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Accepted 4 September, 2013 Floods due to “blocking event” in the jet stream during 2010 caused intense rainfall and flash floods in northern Pakistan which resulted to riverine flooding in southern Pakistan. In the beginning of July 2010, changes in summer monsoon rainfall patterns caused the most severe flooding in Pakistan history. Process control charts suggest that monsoon pattern was not normal which made one-fifth of the country to be inundated. In this study, our main concern was to check the upward shifts (floods) in the rainfall pattern of all provinces of Pakistan. Results indicate that there was significant and sudden shift in the rainfall pattern of monsoon in 2010 which might be due to prolong “blocking event” in the jet stream. In late July, rainwater from the highlands entered major rivers which affected nearby areas of the Indus River. More than 250 mm of rain fell over a 36-h period in late July.