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Como Escoger Los Rines Correctos Para Nuestro Chevy

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Como Escoger Los Rines Correctos Para Nuestro Chevy El cambio de rines deportivos en el chevy Por: Irving Cruz Antes de decidirnos a cambiar los rines de nuestro chevy, primero debemos conocer algunos conceptos importantes. El siguiente texto fue obtenido del árticulo: http://www.terra.com.mx/Automovil/articulo/122200/ Cambiar de rines no consiste sólo en quitarle los originales y ponerle los más grandes que le quepan a tu carro; por algo, los fabricantes dedican tanto tiempo a asegurarse de que las partes superen determinadas pruebas. Por ejemplo, unos rines inapropiados, que están “salidos” de la carrocería, provocarán que el coche “pise chueco”, y habrá mayor desgaste en la suspensión, y el manejo se alterará. Así que mejor no te “emociones” y busca consejo profesional. Medidas Diámetro.- Es la circunferencia del rin medida desde donde asienta la llanta. Los más pequeños (comercialmente) son los de 13 pulgadas, usados en su mayoría en autos compactos. Los de 15” son de los más comunes, pero pueden llegar hasta 22. Es importante señalar que el diámetro exterior de la llanta debe conservarse similar, de lo contrario, se alteran las cualidades de manejo y la medición del velocímetro se trastorna. Por eso, entre más grande sea el rin más bajo debe ser el perfil de la llanta. Anchura.- Van desde las 4 a las 14 o más pulgadas, y afectan drásticamente la manera en que la llanta pisa. Sin ser una regla, se recomienda que el ancho de la “cama”, sea alrededor de 10% más angosta que la banda de rodamiento de la llanta. Un rin angosto ocasiona que sólo el centro de la huella pise con firmeza, mientras que uno demasiado ancho fomenta que sean sólo las orillas de la huella las que hacen contacto. Además, tienden a permitir que la llanta se despegue de éste al exigirle demasiada tracción lateral en curvas cerradas. Offset.- Es la distancia que existe entre el centro de la cama, y el plano donde se atornilla al disco o tambor de frenos. Un rin con offset negativo es aquel en el que la llanta se sale del centro; mientras que en uno positivo el neumático "se mete". El offset afecta drásticamente la geometría de la suspensión, y por lo tanto el manejo. Se recurre a un offset negativo cuando la cara de la llanta roza con algún elemento de la suspensión. Pero se debe ser muy conservador al modificarlo, porque al hacerlo se castigan otros elementos de la suspensión, reduciendo su durabilidad, y propiciando que surjan fallas. Altura de pestaña.- Es el borde del rin en el cual asienta la llanta. El código más común es J, mientras que los neumáticos de perfil muy bajo suelen emplear las medidas JJ o JK, que son de menor longitud. Una vez entendidos los conceptos anteriores pasemos a analizar los mejores valores para nuestro chevy. El siguiente texto fue modificado a partir del original obtenido de la revista de Chevymanía # 45 en la sección de preguntas y respuestas, aportación de Miguel Angel Borquez Estrada. Si revisamos el rin 13” original de nuestro chevy (se revisó en un chevy Pop 2001) vemos que tiene grabado los siguientes números entre otros: 13x5 ET 49 Por lo que se deduce que es de 13 pulgadas de alto x 5 de ancho y un ofsset de +49 milimetros (mm). Es probable que exista un poco de confusión sobre la forma de tomar la medida del offset y para darse cuenta de que mientras más grande sea el offset, más metido estará el rin. Para ello hagan referencia a la siguiente figura (imagen tomada y traducida de http://www.whalentire.com/faqs.cfm ) Luego entonces, el rin mas parecido al original puede ser un rin de 15 pulgadas con medidas 15 x6.5 y ET de +45. Haciendo algunos cálculos tenemos: El rin tiene 6.5" de ancho, entonces el centro del rin está ubicado en 3.25 " de allí se miden los 45 mm hasta la superficie de montaje. Sabiendo que 1 pulgada = 2.54 cm, tenemos entonces que el rin tiene un ancho de 6.5 x 2.54 = 16.51 cm. por tanto el centro estará a la mitad: 8.255cm. , sumándole los 4.5 cm del offset, la superficie de montaje estará entonces a 8.255+4.5 = 12.755 cm . Si al ancho total le restamos esta última cifra obtenemos la media del rin que le sobra después de la línea de montaje. 16.51 – 12.755 = 3.755 cm. Haciendo estos mismos cálculos para nuestro rin original tendremos que: Ancho: 5 x 2.54 = 12.7 cm Línea de montaje: 6.35 + 4.9 = 11.25 cm Distancia del rin después de la línea de montaje: 12.7 – 11.25 = 1.45 cm. (esta medida la usaremos para calcular cualquier otro rin) Finalmente si restamos las distancias que sobran a partir de la línea de montaje: 3.755 – 1.45 cm. = 2.305 cm. Esto nos indica que el nuevo rin de 15x6.5 con ET +45 estará 2.305 cm. salido tomando como referencia el rin original. Todas estas medidas son bastante importantes de considerar, ya que el chevy tiene un detalle, si no se hacen bien los cálculos, la parte frontal o posterior va a rozar. Si se utiliza por ejemplo un rin 15x7 ET +35 nos metemos en grandes problemas, pues haciendo estos cálculos obtendremos que el borde extremo del rin se encontrara 3.94 cm afuera del lugar original. Por eso, tanto el ancho como el offset del rin son muy importantes. Estas operaciones también son validas para rines de mayor diámetro. Algunos otros cálculos de rines comerciales: Rines 15x6.5 offset 40 Ancho: 16.51 Línea de montaje: 8.255 + 4 = 12.255 Distancia salida de la original: 16.51 – 12.255 = 4.255 cm – 1.45 = 2.805 cm. salido Rines 16 x 7 offset 43 Ancho: 17.78 Línea de montaje: 8.89 + 4.3 = 13.19 Distancia salida de la original: 17.78 - 13.19 = 4.59 cm – 1.45 = 3.14 cm. salido Rines 17 x 7 offset 35 Ancho: 17.78 Línea de montaje: 8.89 + 3.5 = 12.39 Distancia salida de la original: 17.78 - 12.39 = 5.39 cm. – 1.45 = 3.94 cm salido Rines 17 x 7 offset 40 Ancho: 17.78 Línea de montaje: 8.89 + 4 = 12.89 Distancia salida de la original: 17.78 - 12.89 = 4.89 cm – 1.45 = 3.44 cm salido Rines 17x7 offset 42 Ancho: 17.78 Línea de montaje: 8.89+ 4.2 = 13.09 Distancia salida de la original: 17.78 – 13.09 = 4.69 cm. – 1.45 = 3.24 cm. salido LLANTAS Las llantas más comunes para el chevy dependiendo del rin deportivo que le pongamos son: Para rin 13: 205/60/r13 Para rin 15: 195/50/r15 Para rin 16: 205/40/r16 ó 195/50/r16 Para rin 17: 205/40/r17 Para rin 18: 215/35/r18 Recomendable leer el artículo sobre llantas en: http://vauxhallclub.com.mx/taller/llantas.htm PESO DEL RIN Se debe considerar que muchas veces, rines grandes significa rines más pesados, esto es importante ya que el mayor peso de los rines puede afectar en mayor grado la suspensión del auto y el desempeño del coche en curvas. (Obtenido de Mundomini.com). El peso promedio de los rines deportivos ronda como muestra la siguiente lista: 17” promedio 19.8 lb. = 8.981 Kg. 18” promedio 25.0 lb. = 11.34 Kg. 20” promedio 40 lb. = 18.144 Kg. Una lista bastante extensa de rines comerciales se encuentra al final del documento como Anexo. SOBRE LA VIBRACIÓN Para elaborar siguiente texto se tomó como base el artículo del Vauxhall Club México: http://vauxhallclub.com.mx/taller/vibra.htm La vibración de la dirección por cambio de rines es muy común en el chevy, sobre todo cuando se usan rines de mala calidad, recuerden que lo barato sale caro. Para eliminar la vibración hay que considerar lo siguiente: 1.- Descartar fallas en el sistema de dirección 2.- Los rines no deben estar doblados ni maltratados. 3.- Usar centradores. 4.- Buen balanceo 5.- Utilizar birlos más grandes y con centro cónico. Fallas en la dirección Dentro de las piezas de la dirección más comunes que se dañan y hacen que se presente la vibración están las rótulas, terminales de dirección, baleros, hidrobush, baleros del amortiguador, bases del amortiguador, resortes. Rines doblados y maltratados Muchas veces oímos decir a nuestros amigos que su auto esta presentando vibración en el volante cuando no lo hacia, esto se debe a que lo rines se ovalan al pasar el tiempo por el uso y las grandes irregularidades del pavimento en nuestro país. En ocasiones pasamos un bache y nunca nos imaginamos que éste provocó un doblez ligero en el rin delantero; nos percatamos de esto después cuando imprimimos velocidades superiores a los 80Kms /hr o antes en el peor de los casos. Por ello es importante establecer una revisión del estado de nuestros rines e irlos rotando por lo menos cada 15,000 kms al mismo tiempo que le hagamos alineación y balanceo y sí es necesario mandarlos a enderezar. Centradores En la mayoría de los casos (no solo en el chevy), se requieren centradores (algunos los llaman “aumentos”) ya que el rin cuenta con un centro demasiado grande para la masa del disco, es por esto que se incluye un centrador (uno por rin) a fin de llenar este espacio del rin. Los hay de varios materiales como lo son acero, plástico y aluminio, este último es el más adecuado por su peso y resistencia.
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