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University of Oklahoma UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE PERCY GRAINGER’S WIND BAND SETTING OF THE IMMOVABLE DO: ITS HISTORY AND ANALYSIS A DOCUMENT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS By PHILLIP ALLEN CORRELL Norman, Oklahoma 2009 PERCY GRAINGER’S WIND BAND SETTING OF THE IMMOVABLE DO: ITS HISTORY AND ANALYSIS A DOCUMENT APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY ______________________________ Dr. William Wakefield, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Michael Lee ______________________________ Dr. Michael Raiber ______________________________ Dr. Sarah Reichardt ______________________________ Dr. Alfred Striz © Copyright by PHILLIP ALLEN CORRELL 2009 All Rights Reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am especially grateful to Dr. William Wakefield, committee chair, whose encouragement, insight, and guidance inspired me to continue. Sincere appreciation is extended to my committee members Dr. Michael Lee, Dr. Michael Raiber, Dr. Sarah Reichardt, and Dr. Alfred Striz for their time and contribution to this document. I also wish to thank by colleagues at East Central University in Ada, Oklahoma for their friendship and support. I am fortunate to work with such dedicated professionals. Special thanks to Dr. Arthur Kennedy for the many invigorating conversations on research and Monica Syrette from the University of Melbourne for her assistance at the Grainger Museum. Most importantly, thanks to my wife Patricia, daughter Amanda and her husband Eric Hall, and my son David, whose love and support made this journey possible. I additionally wish to thank the G. Schirmer Publishing Company for granting permission to excerpt The Immovable Do score in this document. The Immovable Do By Percy Grainger Copyright © 1940 (Renewed) by G. Schirmer, Inc. (ASCAP) International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................ix LIST OF EXAMPLES........................................................................................................x ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................xi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1 Need for Study .............................................................................................9 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................10 Review of Related Literature .....................................................................11 Organization of Study ................................................................................14 II. KARL KING AND PERCY GRAINGER IN ADA, OKLAHOMA .............16 The 1940 East Central Music Festival in Ada, Oklahoma .........................16 Relevant Biographical Profile of Karl King ..............................................18 Relevant Biographical Profile of Percy Grainger ......................................20 Compositional Philosophies of King and Grainger ...................................29 Financial Issues Related to Composition by King and Grainger ...............31 Advancement of Original Wind Band Repertoire by King and Grainger .....................................................................................................32 III. UNPUBLISHED LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THE 1940 EAST CENTRAL MUSIC FESTIVAL ................................................35 v TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED IV. RELATED INFLUENCES ON THE IMMOVABLE DO ..............................46 Use of Harmonium .....................................................................................46 Democratic Music ......................................................................................47 Elastic Scoring ...........................................................................................49 Early Music ................................................................................................50 English Gothic Music .................................................................................51 V. ANALYSIS OF THE IMMOVABLE DO.........................................................54 Overview of Form ......................................................................................54 Tonal Areas ................................................................................................60 Unifying Elements .....................................................................................61 Orchestration and Descriptive Analysis .....................................................63 Analysis......................................................................................................66 VI. PART COMPARISON AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES ...............85 Comparison of Parts ...................................................................................86 Performance Challenges ............................................................................97 VII. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY .....................................................................................101 Summary ..................................................................................................101 Conclusions ..............................................................................................104 Recommendations for Further Study .......................................................105 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................107 APPENDIXES .................................................................................................................117 Appendix A......... .................................................................................................117 McCall letter to Grainger, October 23, 1939 Appendix B........ ..................................................................................................118 McCall letter to Grainger, December 14, 1939 Appendix C ..........................................................................................................119 McCall letter to Antonio (Tonie) Morse, Grainger’s next door neighbor in White Plains and concert manager, March 7, 1940 Appendix D................... .......................................................................................120 McCall letter to Grainger after East Central Music Festival, August 13, 1940 Appendix E................ ..........................................................................................121 McCall letter to Grainger on programming The Immovable Do, August 14, 1956 Appendix F...........................................................................................................122 Grainger letter to McCall, December 22, 1939 Appendix G............ ..............................................................................................125 Grainger letter to McCall, January 9, 1940 Appendix H........ ..................................................................................................127 King letter to McCall, November 18, 1939 Appendix I......... ..................................................................................................129 King letter to McCall, January 23, 1940 Appendix J......... ..................................................................................................131 King letter to McCall, February 15, 1940 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Appendix K......... .................................................................................................132 King letter to Barny [C. L. Barnhouse Jr.], January 13, 1940 Appendix L........ ..................................................................................................133 King letter to Lloyd [C. L. Barnhouse Jr.], February 10, 1940 Appendix M....... ..................................................................................................134 Facsimile of original manuscript score from The Immovable Do Appendix N......... .................................................................................................137 Facsimile of original manuscript part from The Immovable Do Appendix O........ ..................................................................................................138 Picture of King with East Central Festival Band, February 22, 1940 Appendix P...........................................................................................................139 Picture of Grainger with East Central Festival Chorus and Band, February 23, 1940 Appendix Q........ ..................................................................................................140 Picture of street concert following the parade from previous years’ festival, March 10, 1939 Appendix R........ ..................................................................................................141 Grainger’s travel log from diary, February 20-23, 1940 Appendix S...........................................................................................................142 East Central Music Festival Concert Program, February 22-23, 1940 Appendix T......... .................................................................................................146 Ada (Oklahoma) Evening News articles, February 19-25,
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