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La Hermenéutica De Eranos: Una Exploración De La Simbólica Del Sentido*

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La Hermenéutica De Eranos: Una Exploración De La Simbólica Del Sentido* ANÁLISIS ISSN: 0120-8454 Vol. 47 / No. 87 Bogotá, jul-dic / 2015 pp. 393-405. La hermenéutica de Eranos: una exploración de la simbólica del sentido* 1 José Luis Luna Bravo** Recibido: 14 de enero de 2015 – Revisado: 26 de febrero de 2015 – Aprobado: 10 de abril de 2015 Resumen El presente artículo analiza la estructura de la hermenéutica eranosiana de los símbolos, centrado en las reflexiones de Durand y Campbell, quienes retoman las tesis fundamentales de los padres espirituales de Eranos: Jung y Otto. Además cobran especial valor los estudios que Andrés Ortiz-Osés ha dedicado a Eranos. La tesis propuesta es que la hermenéutica eranosiana se basa en el carácter mediador-redundante del símbolo, de modo que es a través de la fuerza repe- titiva de los simbolizantes como se precisa el sentido del simbolizado, siempre inagotable, constituyendo una simbólica redundancia coimplicante. Tras una breve reseña de la historia de Eranos, la tesis planteada se desarrolla en cuatro momentos: 1) descripción del carácter trilateral de la experiencia simbólica; 2) descripción de los tipos de signos: el símbolo como un signo lejano; 3) el carác- ter “infinitamente abierto” del símbolo: la redundancia como apertura; y 4) la hermenéutica eranosiana como complexio oppositorum. Palabras clave: Eranos, símbolo, signo, hermenéutica, experiencia simbólica. * Este artículo de investigación se inscribe en el marco del proyecto de investigación doctoral titulado “Phänomenologie der symbolischen Erfahrung. Der Symbolismus bei Eranos und die Phantasiewelt bei Husserl”, bajo la dirección del doctor profesor Hans-Helmuth Gander, Husserl-Archiv Freiburg / Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Alemania, financiado por el Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s0120-8454.2015.0087.08 ** Doctorando en Filosofía en la Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Alemania, magister en Filosofía Latinoamericana y licenciado en Filosofía y Lengua Castellana por la Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá. Actualmente se encuentra vin- culado a la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Bogotá, y es miembro del grupo de investigación Devenir. Dirección postal: Fahnenbergplatz, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Alemania, correo electrónico: [email protected] ANÁLISIS No. 87 393 The hermeneutics of Eranos: an exploration of the symbolic of the sense* 2 José Luis Luna Bravo** Abstract This article aim to analyze the structure of the Eranos’ hermeneutics of symbols, focused on the comments of Durand and Campbell. They have based their comments on the fundamental thesis of the spiritual fathers of Eranos: Jung and Otto. In addition, the studies made by Andres Ortiz-Osés on the Eranos work, become particularly valuable. The thesis proposal suggests that the hermeneutic of Eranos is founded on the redundant-mediator character of the symbol. Thus, through the repetitive force of the symbols expressed as a symbolized sense, is always inexhaustible, allowing a symbolic complicant redundancy. Following the history of Eranos, the development of this proposed thesis will be perfor- med through the following times: 1) description of the trilateral nature of the symbolic experience; 2) description of the types of signs: The symbol as a distant sign; 3). character “infinitely open” of the symbol as opening redundancy 4) hermeneutic of Eranos as complexio oppositorum. Keywords: Eranos, symbol, sign, hermeneutic, symbolic experience. * This research paper fits into the framework of the doctoral research project entitled "Phänomenologie symbolischen der Erfahrung. Eranos bei der Symbolismus Phantasiewelt bei Husserl und die", under the direction of Professor Dr. Hans- Helmuth Gander, Husserl-Archiv Freiburg / Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany, funded by the Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD). ** Ph. D. student of Philosophy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany, MA in Latin American Philosophy degree in philosophy and Spanish language by the University of St. Thomas, Bogotá. He is currently linked to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of San Buenaventura, Bogotá, and is a member of the research group Becoming. Address: Fahnenbergplatz, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, e-mail: joseluislunabravo@gmail. com 394 ANÁLISIS No. 87 L´herméneutique d´Eranos: une exploration de la symbolique du sens* 3 José Luis Luna Bravoo** Résumé Cet article analyse la structure de l´herméneutique d´Eranos des symboles, centré dans les réflexions de Durand et Campbell qui reprennent les thèses fondamentales des pères spirituels d´Eranos : Jung et Otto. De plus, les recher- ches qu’Andrés Ortiz-Osés a réalisées sur Eranos prennent ici une dimension particulière. L´argument proposé est que l´herméneutique d´Eranos se base sur le caractère médiateur-redondant du symbole, de telle manière que c´est à travers de la force répétitive des signifiants que se précise le sens du signifié, toujours inépuisable, constituant une redondance symbolique qui co-implique. Après un bref résumé de l´histoire d´Eranos, l´argument énoncé se développe en quatre points : 1). description du caractère trilatéral de l´expérience symbolique; 2). description des types de signes : le symbole comme un signe lointain ; 3). le caractère “infiniment ouvert” du symbole: la redondance comme ouverture; 4). l´herméneutique d´Eranos comme complexio oppositorum. Mots clés: Eranos, symbole, signe, herméneutique, expérience symbolique. * Ce document de recherche inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche de doctorat intitulée "der Erfahrung de la Phénoménologie. Eranos bei der Symbolismus Phantasiewelt bei Husserl und die", sous la direction du professeur Dr Hans-Helmuth Gander, Husserl-Archiv Fribourg / Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Allemagne, financé par le Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD). ** Doctorat en philosophie à l'Albert-Ludwig de Fribourg-Université, l'Allemagne, la maîtrise en philosophie de l'Amérique latine diplôme en philosophie et en langue espagnole par l'Université de St. Thomas, Bogotá. Il est actuellement liée à la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de l'Université de San Buenaventura, Bogotá, et est un membre du groupe de recherche Devenir. Adresse: Fahnenbergplatz, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Allemagne, e-mail: joseluislunabravo@ gmail.com ANÁLISIS No. 87 395 José Luis Luna Bravo Analizar intelectualmente un símbolo es como pelar una cebolla para encontrarla. Pierre Emmanuel, Considération de l’extase. 1. Introducción: un breve mirada a la historia de Eranos El Círculo de Eranos, fundado en 1933 en Ascona (Suiza) por Olga Fröbe- Kapteyn, bajo la inspiración del fenomenólogo de la religión Rudolf Otto y con la guía del psicólogo de las profundidades C.G. Jung, constituyó un espacio de encuentro de académicos de alto nivel, que ininterrumpidamente durante cincuenta y cinco años se ocuparon, en calve interdisciplinar y con una mirada universalista, de establecer un puente entre clásicos contrarios como filosofía y ciencia, mythos y logos, Oriente y Occidente, con el propósito de ofrecer una mirada holística del hombre contemporáneo a la luz de lo que el biólogo Adolf Portmann caracterizó como el centro de las investigaciones de Eranos, a saber el hombre primitivo. En 57 volúmenes, 55 anuarios y 2 ediciones conmemora- tivas, el Círculo de Eranos (Eranoskreis) se encargó de ofrecer una amplia visión del universo simbólico de las más antiguas culturas de la humanidad y con ello también de nuestro propio tiempo. En esta búsqueda, Andrés Ortiz-Osés distingue tres etapas en el itinerario mental de Eranos: la fundacional, de 1933 a 1946, especializada en mitología comparada; la de posguerra, de 1947 a 1971, centrada en la constitución de una antropología cultural; y la de finalización, de 1972 a 1988, con el proyecto de una hermenéutica simbólica1. A pesar de contar la participación de pensadores como Rudolf Otto2, C.G. Jung, Gershom Scholem, Henry Corbin, Mircea Eliade, Karl Kerényi, Paul Tillich, Hugo Rahner, Adolf Portmann, Erich Neumann, Joseph Campbell, Gilbert Durand, entre muchos otros, los encuentros de Eranos en Ascona eran más que un simple evento académico. Se trataba, como el mismo nombre Eranos lo indica, de un banquete, una comida en común en la que cada invitado demuestra ser digno de la invitación por medio de un aporte espiritual; es precisamente un punto de encuentro del que se toma parte mediante un don, un regalo. La actitud fundamental entonces que corresponde a todo Erano es la preparación 1 Para mayor información sobre la obra de Eranos véase: Ortiz-Osés, A. (2012). Hermenéutica de Eranos. Las Estructuras simbólicas del mundo. Autores, textos y temas. Hermeneusis: volumen 20. Barcelona: Anthropos; (1994, febrero) Suplementos. Materiales de trabajo intelectual. Una interpretación evaluativa de cultura. Análisis y lectura del almacén simbólico de Eranos. Barcelona: Anthropos, No. 42; (1994, febrero) El Círculo de Eranos. Una hermenéutica simbólica del sentido. Anthropos. Revista de documentación científica de la cultura, (153), Barcelona: Anthropos). En alemán se desataca: Hakl, H.T., (2001). Der verborgene Geist von Eranos. Unbekannte Begegnungen von Wissenschaft und Esoterik. Eine alternative Geistesgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sinzheim: Scientia Nova, Verl. Neue Wiss. Más reciente, la edición de Barone, E., Riedl, M. y Tischel, A. (2004). Pioniere, Poeten, Professoren. Eranos und der Monte Verita. In der Zivilisations geschichte des
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