DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: a Real-Time Review of Country Measures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: a Real-Time Review of Country Measures Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: A Real-Time Review of Country Measures “Living paper” version 10 (May 22, 2020) Ugo Gentilini (WB), Mohamed Almenfi (WB), Pamela Dale (UNICEF), John Blomquist (WB), Harish Natarajan (WB), Guillermo Galicia (WB), Robert Palacios (WB), and Vyjayanti Desai (WB) This paper benefited enormously from contributions by Miglena Abels, Aysenur Acar, Nazanin Akhgar, Haleem Hassan Kashkol Al-Kazali, Amel Allahoum, Elena Andreeva, Colin Andrews, Edward Archibald, Temilade Aromolaran, Jehan Arulpragasam, Angela Elzir Assy, Ashiq Aziz, Indra Baatarkhuu, Reena Badiani-Magnusson, Yusuf Bafozoda, Sarah Bailey, Paul Bance, Mehdi Barouni, Roland Berenger Berehoudougou, Martina Bergthaller, Anush Bezhanyan, Sharon Corinne Benzoni, Mira Bierbaum, Mark Blecher, Christian Bodewig, , Stefanie Brodmann, Hugo Brousset Chaman, Dimitriy Bychkov, Yoonyoung Cho, Tungalag Chuluun, Francesca Ciardi, Emmanuelle Collet, Facundo Cuevas, Matthew Cummins, Pamela Dale, Louise Moreira Daniel, Marie-Christina Dankmeyer, Benedicte Leroy De La Briere, Gustavo Demarco, Malin Linnea Sofia Ed, Randa El-Rashidi, Gerardo Escaroz, Fatou Fall, Maliha Fanning, Olesia Feoktistova, Katharina Maria Fietz, Gabrielle Fox, Nicholas Freeland, Luis Frota, Carlos Galian, Jordi Jose Gallego-Ayala, Maria Concepcion Steta Gandara, Elena Glinskaya, Elisaveta Gouretskaia, Rebekka Grun, Sabina Guliyeva, Sibusiso Gumbi, Melis Guven, Courtney Hallink, Mahdi Halmi, Siddharth Hari, Gonzalo Javier Reyes Hartley, Abu Yadetta Hateu, Alessandra Heinemann, Himanshi Jain, Johannes Hoenigl, Maddalena Honorati, Armenuhi Hovakimyan, Su Su Htay, Roberto Iacono, Adina-Maria Iorganda, Kumiko Imai, Adina-Maria Iorganda, Buthaina al-Iryani, Aylin Isik-Dikmelik, Marijana Jasarevic, Mustafa Kadhim Mohammed, Amjad Zafar Khan, Alex Kamurase, Sandor Karacsony, Dmitri Karasyov, Selma Kasic, Ayaba Gilberte Kedote, Qaiser Khan, Johannes Koettl, Julian Alexander Koschorke, Adea Kryeziu, Francesca Lamanna, Aleksandar Lazovski, Matthieu Lefebvre, Kook Hee Lee, Louisa Lippi, Christina Lowe, Mattias Lundberg, Mattia Makovic, Iftikhar Malik, Alicia C. Marguerie, Jonathan Marskell, Ana Georgina Marin Espinosa, Alessandra Marini, Erica Mattellone, Shea McClanahan, Karla McEvoy, Cem Mete, Andrei Mikhnev, Natalia Millan, Emma Mistiaen, Khalid Ahmed Ali Moheyddeen, Matteo Morgandi, Harry Edmund Moroz, Lindi Mzankomo, Martien Van Nieuwkoop, Desislava Enikova Nikolova, NIFI (Research Institute of Finance, Moscow), Nga Nguyet Nguyen, Noel Muller, Anthony Njage, Marina Novikova, Marija Novkovic, Foluke Adetola Ojelabi, Philip O’Keefe, Yulia Olenik, Vitorino Mello Oliveira, Ian Orton, Mirey Ovadiya, Efsan Nas Ozen, Truman Packard, Karuna Pal, Robert Palacios, Montserrat Pallares-Miralles, Ekaterina Pankratova, Ana Pantelic, Jasmina Papa, Clemente Avila Parra, Kenia Parsons, Nathalie Pazmino, Luca Pellerano, Remy Pigois, Ariel Pino, Juul Pinxten, Lucian Bucur Pop, Aleksandra Posarac, Nadine Poupart, Ana Prodanovic, Pamela Pozarny, Ma. Lourdes M. Rivera, Nina Rosas Raffo, Amanina Binti Abdur Rahman, Zandile Portia Ratshitanga, F. Zehra Rizvi, Claudia Rodriguez Alas, Mba Minko Djekombe Rony, Pedro Rosas, Friederike Uta Rother, Solene Rougeaux, Monica Rubio, Mira Saidi, Manuel Salazar, Marijana Šalinović, Glayson dos Santos, Indhira Santos, Karin Schelzig, Achim Schmillen, Anita Schwarz, Sirma Demir Seker, Karin Seyfert, Ivan Shulga, Nuno Cunha Meira Simoes, Karan Singhal, Charles Chilufya SJ, Andrius Skarnulis, Oleksiy A. Sluchynskyy, Rene Antonio Leon Solano, Tayana Charisse Oliveira de Souza, Tayllor Spadafora, Federico Spano, Maya Stern-Plaza, Victoria Strokova, Anna Sukhova, Changqing Sun, Kalilou Sylla, Claudia Zambra Taibo, Emil Tesliuc, Mauro Testaverde, Samman Thapa, Andrei Tretyak, Julieta M. Trias, Fiona Stewart, Gulsana Turusbekova, Emre Uckardesler, Silas Udahemuka, Uladzimir Valetka, Rashiel Velvarde, Fabio Veras, Andrea Vermehren, Dewen Wang, Asha M. Williams, Penny Williams, Briana Wilson, Natalia Winder-Rossi, Gelila Woodeneh, Yuliya Yafimenka, Ruslan G. Yemtsov, Soonhwa Yi, Alketa Zazo, Nahla Zeitoun, Lansong Zhang, Yukun Zhu, Roman Zhukovskyi, Mustapha Ziroili, Rocco Zizzamia, and Maria Zlatareva. The analysis and support of Saksham Khosla and Ana Veronica Lopez has been outstanding. This week’s special feature on cash transfer payments includes summaries from case studies by Guillermo Galicia, Nilima Ramteke, Dorothee Delort and Harish Natarajan. This complement last week’s discussion on eligibility and registries. Special thanks to Michal Rutkowski and David Stewart for their precious guidance and support. 1 As we reach the double-digit, 10th update of this weekly review, 190 countries and territories have planned, introduced or adapted social protection measures in response to COVID-19. New entries since last week include Cambodia, Cyprus, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Mozambique and Suriname. Social protection measures grew by 7%, or from 870 to 937 (figure 1). Figure 1. Trends in number of countries/territories and social protection measures 200 190 1000 181 937 180 171 900 870 159 160 151 803 800 752 140 133 700 126 685 120 600 106 564 100 505 500 84 80 418 400 60 283 300 Number of countries (bars) countries Number of 45 number number of SP measures (line) 40 200 20 103 100 0 0 20. Mar 27. Mar 3. April 10. April 17. April 24. April 1. May 8. May 15. May 22. May Social assistance transfers are the most widely used class of interventions. These non-contributory programs account for 59.6% of global responses, or 559 measures (table 1 and figure 2). Among safety nets, cash transfer programs account for half of intervention by governments (figure 3), with their 283 COVID-related measures representing one-third (30.2%) of total social protection programs. N. of N. of Table 1. Social assistance program type measures countries Cash transfers (conditional and unconditional) 246 124 Universal one-off cash 5 5 Childcare support 9 9 Social pensions 23 19 Sub-total (all cash-based measures) 283 124 in-kind food/voucher schemes 103 77 School feeding 27 22 Sub-total (all in-kind measures) 130 77 Utility and financial obligation support (waiver/postponement) 134 81 Cash for Work 12 9 Total SA measures 559 168 2 Figure 2. Composition of global social protection response (left), and cash transfers as % of social assistance (right) Social assistance Social Insurance Labor markets Other social assistance Cash 13% 27% 51% 49% 60% Both cash-based and in-kind transfers have been growing steadily, with cash accounting for a much larger number of measures. Cash-based measures are over twice those of in-kind programs (figure 3). About 57% of cash transfer measures (161 out of 283) are new programs in 104 countries, while one-fourth of measures (25.4%) are one-off payments. A significant number of new in-kind programs (91) has been also been introduced, accounting for 70% of total in-kind measures. Figure 3. Trends in cash-based and in-kind transfers measures 300 283 264 250 244 246 214 200 186 165 150 146 130 120 111 100 107 100 88 Number of measures measures Number of 73 62 50 43 22 0 27. Mar 3. April 10. April 17. April 24. April 1. May 8. May 15. May 22. May Cash-based measures In-kind support measures Cash transfers include programs of various duration. The duration of programs ranges from 1 to 6 months, for an average of 2.9 months (figure 4). In some cases, programs are tied to the duration of the crisis. This is the case, for example, in Morocco and Tuvalu. 3 Figure 4. Cash transfer duration 6 months 4 months 3-6 months 3 months Global average 2 months = 2.9 months 1.5 months 1 month 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 The size of cash transfers is relatively generous. Current transfers account for an average 25% of monthly GDP per capita in respective countries. The highest increase, or 47%, is registered in low income countries (among regions, ECA had the highest rate of 27%). On average, transfers have more than doubled (+139%) compared to average pre-COVID transfer levels (where data is available for a subset of 17 countries) (figure 5). Mongolia’s Child Money Program is increasing benefits from about MVT 10,000 in pre-Covid time to MNT 100,000. Figure 5. Cash transfers size as % of monthly GDP/capita (left) and as % increase relative to average pre-Covid level (right) 50% 47% Global average = 139% 45% Moldova 50% Russia 50% 40% Armenia 61% Cameron 67% 35% Angola 67% 30% Turkey 27% 27% Global average 100% = 25% Turks and Caicos islands 100% 25% 22% Dominican Republic 100% % of GDP 20% Albania 100% Brazil 140% 15% South Korea 150% 10% Egypt 157% Trinidad and Tobago 200% 5% Mongolia 900% 0% 0% 200% 400% 600% 800% 1000% HIC LIC LMIC UMIC 4 Social assistance has been adapted to COVID-19 response in three ways. This includes expanding coverage, increasing benefits, and making administrative requirements simpler and more user-friendly. Specifically, administrative adaptations are occurring in 42 countries (figure 6). For example, anticipation of payments that due at later date (e.g., Malaysia); flexibility in the time of collection (e.g., Algeria); home delivery of cash for seniors (e.g., Armenia); postponement of recertification (e.g., Georgia); waiving of conditionalities (e.g., Philippines); and sharing of delivery systems across programs (e.g., Jordan). Increases in benefits among preexisting programs are implemented in 46 countries, including transfer value being increased (e.g., Egypt) and additional payment cycles (e.g., Chile). Coverage extension
Load more

Recommended publications
  • VESTNIK of Pushkin Leningrad State University
    Pushkin Leningrad State University VESTNIK of Pushkin Leningrad State University Periodical scientific edition № 4 Volume 4. History St. Petersburg 2015 Vestnik of Pushkin Leningrad State University journal Periodical scientific edition № 4 (Volume 4)΄2015 History Published since 2006 Establisher Pushkin Leningrad State University Editorial Board: Vyacheslav N. Skvortzov, Full Professor, Doctor of Economic Sciences (chief editor); Larisa M. Kobrina, Full Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (deputy chief editor); Nataliya V. Pozdeeva, Associate Professor, Candidate of Geographic Sciences (executive editor); Leonid L. Bukin, Associate Professor, Candidate of Economics Sciences; Tatiana V. Maltseva, Full Professor, Doctor of Philology Editors Council: Valentina A. Veremenko, Associate Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences (managing editor); Leonid Yu. Gusman, Associate Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences; Andrzej Dudek, Full Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences (Poland); Kirsti Ekonen, Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy (Finland); Nikolai D. Kozlov, Full Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences; Svetlana I. Kovalskaya, Full Professor, Doctor of Historical (Republic of Kazakstan); Vadim O. Levashko, Assistant Professor, Candidate of Historical Sciences; S. V. Lyubichancovskiy, Full Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences; Kimitaka Matsuzato, Full Professor, Doctor of Law (Japan); Sergey M. Nazariya, Associate Professor, Doctor of Political Sciences (Republic of Moldova); G. N. Sobolev, Full Professor, Doctor of Historical
    [Show full text]
  • CY2020 China Database Online Chapter Final.Xlsx
    2020 Data on Chinese Official MLT Export and Trade-related Programs EXIM’s Charter1 instructs EXIM to estimate foreign ECA activity and include it in the annual Competitiveness Report. Therefore, EXIM gathers data and then estimates the size and scope of China’s official MLT export credit and trade-related programs. Since China EXIM and Sinosure publish their annual reports under a 2-year time -lag with data that is not detailed enough, often difficult to decipher, and missing information, the true scope, scale, and details of the Chinese government’s official export and trade-related activity is unknown. For example, the reporting from China EXIM had been on exposure basis by sector then their reporting excluded sectoral information the next year. Therefore, each year EXIM utilizes multiple open sources and research techniques to gather information on China’s official activity. EXIM generates a list of potential projects for inclusion in the Competitiveness Report based on online tools. EXIM’s research pulls information from English and certain Mandarin sources when possible, including newspapers, press releases, official websites, academic papers, and government reports from across the globe. EXIM uses the web search tools below, among others, to compile a database of potential Chinese export and trade-related projects: • Emerging Markets Information Service (EMIS) Intelligence • Google Alerts • Bloomberg • EBSCO Information Services • Lexis Nexis (Lexis Advance) • TXF Although EXIM found specific Sinosure transactions, Sinosure’s official export credit numbers were estimated using their 2019 annual report. For more details on the methodology EXIM used for the CY 2020 China database, visit the Methodological Note in the Introduction section (pages 22-23) of the Competitiveness Report.
    [Show full text]
  • Preložené Ako Inšpirácia Pre Tých, Ktorí Hľadajú Odpovede V Chaose a Despovláde Parazitov
    Preložené ako inšpirácia pre tých, ktorí hľadajú odpovede v chaose a despovláde parazitov. http://chronologia.org/en/how_it_was/index.html А.Т. Фоменко - Как было на самом деле. Каждая история желает быть рассказанной 1 / 423 Table of Contents Predslov..............................................................................................................................................10 1. Všeobecne prijatá verzia svetovej histórie bola vytvorená len v xvii storočí. Bola upravovaná až do 19. Storočia - táto verzia je nesprávna.................................................................................10 2. Psychologické poznámky..........................................................................................................16 Epocha pred xi. Storočím...................................................................................................................17 Kapitola 1. Epoch xi. storočia............................................................................................................19 1. Prvé románske kráľovstvo starého Rímu...................................................................................19 2. Astronomické záznamy novej chronológie................................................................................20 Kapitola 2. Epocha xii. storočia.........................................................................................................22 1. Druhý Rím alebo rímska cár-grad ríša. Yoros = Jeruzalem = Trója..........................................22 2. Narodenie krista
    [Show full text]
  • The Fast Approval and Slow Rollout of Sputnik V: Why Is Russia's Vaccine
    Article The Fast Approval and Slow Rollout of Sputnik V: Why Is Russia’s Vaccine Rollout Slower than That of Other Nations? Elza Mikule 1,*,† , Tuuli Reissaar 1,† , Jennifer Villers 1,† , Alain Simplice Takoupo Penka 1,† , Alexander Temerev 2 and Liudmila Rozanova 2 1 Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (T.R.); [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (A.S.T.P.) 2 Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (L.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally. Abstract: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the beginning of 2020 led to the deployment of enormous amounts of resources by different countries for vaccine development, and the Russian Federation was the first country in the world to approve a COVID-19 vaccine on 11 August 2020. In our research we sought to crystallize why the rollout of Sputnik V has been relatively slow considering that it was the first COVID-19 vaccine approved in the world. We looked at production capacity, at the number of vaccine doses domestically administered and internationally exported, and at vaccine hesitancy levels. By 6 May 2021, more first doses of Sputnik V had been administered Citation: Mikule, E.; Reissaar, T.; abroad than domestically, suggesting that limited production capacity was unlikely to be the main Villers, J.; Takoupo Penka, A.S.; reason behind the slow rollout. What remains unclear, however, is why Russia prioritized vaccine Temerev, A.; Rozanova, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Viking and Royal Ancestry
    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY RUSSIAN/VIKING ANCESTRY Direct Lineage from: Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus to: Lars Erik Granholm 1 Rurik Ruler of Kievan Rus b. 830 d. 879 m. Efenda (Edvina) Novgorod m. ABT 876 b. ABT 850 2 Igor Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 835 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia d. 945 Kiev,Ukraine,Russia m. Olga Prekrasa of Kiev b. ABT 890 d. 11 Jul 969 Kiev 3 Sviatoslav I Grand Prince of Kiev b. ABT 942 d. MAR 972 m. Malusha of Lybeck b. ABT 944 4 Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev b. 960 Kiev, Ukraine d. 15 Jul 1015 Berestovo, Kiev m. Rogneda Princess of Polotsk b. 962 Polotsk, Byelorussia d. 1002 [daughter of Ragnvald Olafsson Count of Polatsk] m. Kunosdotter Countess of Oehningen [Child of Vladimir I the Great Grand Prince of Kiev and Rogneda Princess of Polotsk] 5 Yaroslav I the Wise Grand Duke of Kiew b. 978 Kiev d. 20 Feb 1054 Kiev m. Ingegerd Olofsdotter Princess of Sweden m. 1019 Russia b. 1001 Sigtuna, Sweden d. 10 Feb 1050 [daughter of Olof Skötkonung King of Sweden and Estrid (Ingerid) Princess of Sweden] 6 Vsevolod I Yaroslavich Grand Prince of Kiev b. 1030 d. 13 Apr 1093 m. Irene Maria Princess of Byzantium b. ABT 1032 Konstantinopel, Turkey d. NOV 1067 [daughter of Constantine IX Emperor of Byzantium and Sclerina Empress of Byzantium] 7 Vladimir II "Monomach" Grand Duke of Kiev b. 1053 d. 19 May 1125 m. Gytha Haraldsdotter Princess of England m. 1074 b. ABT 1053 d. 1 May 1107 [daughter of Harold II Godwinson King of England and Ealdgyth Swan-neck] m.
    [Show full text]
  • Value Orientation and the Image of the Orbis Gentium in Medieval East European Societies Aleksandr Musin
    Value Orientation and the Image of the Orbis Gentium in Medieval East European Societies Aleksandr Musin To cite this version: Aleksandr Musin. Value Orientation and the Image of the Orbis Gentium in Medieval East European Societies. Wiszewski, Przemyslaw. Memories in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Cohesion in Multi-Ethnic Societies in Europe from c. 1000 to the Present, vol.1, 15, Brepols, pp.289-323, 2020, Early European Research, 10.1484/M.EER-EB.5.120067. hal-03167380 HAL Id: hal-03167380 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03167380 Submitted on 12 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Aleksandr Musin « Value Orientation and the Image of the Orbis Gentium in Medieval East European Societies », dans Memories in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Cohesion in Multi-Ethnic Societies in Europe from c. 1000 to the Present , P. Wiszewski (dir.), Turnhout, Brepols, 2020 (Early European Research ; 15), vol. 1, p. 289-323 In the past as well as in the present the relationship and attitude ‘friend or foe’ are reposed on the culture-based judgments that consist of a relatively stable set of collective values or values orientations that have changed during the centuries1.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Dependency of Newspapers on News Agency Sources Regarding Science News and All Other News in Asia and Africa in the Last Decade: a Comparative Study
    International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications (IJMJMC) Volume 3, Issue 1, 2017, PP 1-10 ISSN 2454-9479 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9479.0301001 www.arcjournals.org Study of Dependency of Newspapers on News Agency Sources Regarding Science News and all Other News in Asia and Africa in the Last Decade: A Comparative Study Prof. (Dr.) Tapati Basu Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Calcutta, Senate House, College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Ratul Datta Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Calcutta and Govt Gazetted Officer, Information & Cultural Affairs Department, Govt of West Bengal, Writers’ Buildings, Kolkata, India Abstract: In this research, the main objective is to explore the need of the pedagogic study of growing interest in science communication as an area of specialization in the newspapers of Asian and African countries with main focus on dependence on news agency journalism as the main news source of that science news in the last decade. Compared to the Asian and African scenario it is found that, world has already experiencing a widespread diffusion of such activities for sustainable development. Whether science journalism is one of the numerous casualties in the media meltdown in the world is the most pertinent question of the last decade of 21st century. This study involved a survey of 14 most circulated English newspapers from 14 selected Asian countries with 14 different news agency from each country and their dependency were analyzed. Similarly, for African countries, 14 another circulated English newspaper from 14 selected African countries with 14 another news agency were listed and the dependency of those newspapers for science news and all other news were critically analyzed and lastly compared with Asian countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2014 Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539 Ellen A. Hurst Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/51 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] ITALIANS AND THE NEW BYZANTIUM: LOMBARD AND VENETIAN ARCHITECTS IN MUSCOVY, 1472-1539 by ELLEN A. HURST A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 ELLEN A. HURST All Rights Reserved This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Art History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor James M. Saslow Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Claire Bisop Date Executive Officer Professor James M. Saslow Professor Jennifer Ball Professor Warren Woodfin Supervision Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539 by Ellen A. Hurst Advisor: Professor James M. Saslow This dissertation explores how early modern Russian identity was shaped by the built environment and, likewise, how the built environment was a result of an emerging Russian identity.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTAÇÃO Silva Júnior, José Afonso Da.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEAS JOSÉ AFONSO DA SILVA JUNIOR UMA TRAJETÓRIA EM REDES: MODELOS E CARACTERÍSTICAS OPERACIONAIS DAS AGÊNCIAS DE NOTÍCIAS, DAS ORIGENS ÀS REDES DIGITAIS, COM TRÊS ESTUDOS DE CASO. Salvador Junho de 2006 Agência Estado 2 JOSÉ AFONSO DA SILVA JUNIOR UMA TRAJETÓRIA EM REDES: MODELOS E CARACTERÍSTICAS OPERACIONAIS DAS AGÊNCIAS DE NOTÍCIAS, DAS ORIGENS ÀS REDES DIGITAIS, COM TRÊS ESTUDOS DE CASO. Tese de doutorado apresentada ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Cultura Contemporâneas, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Comunicação Social. Professor Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Silva Palacios. Salvador Junho de 2006 Agência Estado 3 Biblioteca Central Reitor Macedo Costa - UFBA S586 Silva Junior, José Afonso da. Uma trajetória em redes : modelos e características operacionais das agências de notícias, das origens às redes digitais, com três estudos de caso / José Afonso da Silva Junior, 2006. 408 f. Inclui apêndices. Professor Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Silva Palacios. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Comunicação, 2006. 1. Agências de notícias - História. 2. Jornalismo - Redes de computação. 3. Comunicações digitais. 4. Internet ( Redes de computação). 5. Agências de notícias - Estudo de casos. I. Palacios, Marcos Silva. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Comunicação. III. Título CDU - 070.431.2 CDD – 070.43 Agência Estado 4 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO JOSÉ AFONSO DA SILVA JUNIOR UMA TRAJETÓRIA EM REDES: MODELOS E CARACTERÍSTICAS OPERACIONAIS DAS AGÊNCIAS DE NOTÍCIAS, DAS ORIGENS ÀS REDES DIGITAIS, COM TRÊS ESTUDOS DE CASO.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets of the Crypt - Not Even Past
    Secrets of the Crypt - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 25 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN Secrets of the Crypt by Carolyn Pouncy Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the Confederacy” Everyone loves to be proven right, but novelists don’t often expect it—especially five hundred years after the period where their books are set. After all, that’s half the fun of writing and reading fiction: filling in the gaps left by the historical record. So to have a set of novels that explore the relationship between Russians and Tatars in the sixteenth century twice intersect with contemporary developments is surprising. The first conjunction, as I wrote on this blog last summer, involved the publication of my Winged Horse in the same month that Vladimir Putin decided to annex Crimea. That might be considered a historical accident. The second overlap is quite different: as I discovered not long ago, twenty-first-century science May 06, 2020 supports my imaginary past in a remarkable way. First, a brief review of the history. After Grand Prince Vasily III died late in 1533, the situation in Russia More from The Public Historian deteriorated fast. The hand-picked council of guardians Vasily appointed was pushed aside within months by his widow, Elena Glinskaya. Despite threats from without and within, Elena maintained a shaky hold on BOOKS power until her sudden death in April 1538 left the country under the nominal authority of her seven-year- old son, the future Ivan the Terrible.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: a Real-Time Review of Country Measures
    Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: A Real-Time Review of Country Measures “Living paper” version 13 (September 18, 2020) Public Disclosure Authorized Ugo Gentilini*, Mohamed Almenfi*, Pamela Dale**, Robert Palacios*, Harish Natarajan*, Guillermo Alfonso Galicia Rabadan*, Yuko Okamura*, John Blomquist*, Miglena Abels*, Gustavo Demarco* and Indhira Santos* * World Bank; ** UNICEF This paper benefited enormously from contributions by Aysenur Acar, Hanan Ahli, Nazanin Akhgar, Haleem Hassan Kashkol Al- Kazali, Amel Allahoum, Andrew Allieu, Sulaiman Al Maazmi, Noora Al Qassi, Elena Andreeva, Colin Andrews, Edward Archibald, Temilade Aromolaran, Jehan Arulpragasam, Angela Elzir Assy, Ashiq Aziz, Indra Baatarkhuu, Reena Badiani-Magnusson, Yusuf Bafozoda, Sarah Bailey, Paul Bance, Anna Baranova, Mehdi Barouni, Roland Berenger Berehoudougou, Martina Bergthaller, Anush Bezhanyan, Sharon Corinne Benzoni, Mira Bierbaum, Gaston Mariano Blanco, Mark Blecher, Christian Bodewig, , Stefanie Brodmann, Public Disclosure Authorized Hugo Brousset Chaman, Dimitriy Bychkov, Yoonyoung Cho, Tungalag Chuluun, Francesca Ciardi, Emmanuelle Collet, Facundo Cuevas, Matthew Cummins, Pamela Dale, James Damon, Louise Moreira Daniel, Marie-Christina Dankmeyer, Benedicte Leroy De La Briere, Gustavo Demarco, Anastasiya Denisova, Malin Linnea Sofia Ed, Randa El-Rashidi, Gerardo Escaroz, Fatou Fall, Maliha Fanning, Olesia Feoktistova, Katharina Maria Fietz, Gabrielle Fox, Nicholas Freeland, Luis Frota, Carlos Galian, Jordi Jose Gallego- Ayala, Maria Concepcion
    [Show full text]
  • Information Imbalance: a Case Study of Print Media in India
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Information Imbalance: A Case Study of Print Media in India Anamika Ray*, Ankuran Dutta** * Department of Communication and Journalism, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India ** Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA), New Delhi, India Abstract- The fundamental concerns of imbalances in It results inconceivable competition for third world countries information and communication had been discussed for a with that of developed counties. longtime globally. The American media scholar Wilbur Schramm (1964) stated that the flow of news among nations is The media is the mirror of the power structure of society. thin, that much attention is given to developed countries and little News reporting on the developing world that reflects the to less-developed ones, that important events are ignored and priorities of news agencies in London, Paris and New York. reality is distorted. After a long discussion and debate over media Reporting of natural disasters and military coups are preferred representations of the developing world in UNESCO in the late rather than the fundamental realities. At the time four major news 1970s and early 1980s, a new term was coined as ‘the New agencies controlled over 80% of global news flow (New World World Information and Communication Order (NWICO or Information and Communication Order, nd). A few news- NWIO).’ The term was widely used by the MacBride networks emphasize capitalism, on the other hand a few use to Commission, which was charged with creation of a set of try to convince the world to see according to their views which recommendations to make global media representation more manifests the complete, unconditional dependency in news flow.
    [Show full text]