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Chinabrief Xi's Op-Ed Diplomacy: Selling the “China Dream” Abroad

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Chinabrief Xi's Op-Ed Diplomacy: Selling the “China Dream” Abroad ChinaBrief Volume XIV s Issue 18 sSeptember 25, 2014 VOLUME XIV s ISSUE 18 s SEPTEMBER 25, 2014 In This Issue: IN A FORTNIGHT By Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga 1 THE RISE OF THE MILITARY-SPACE FACTION By Willy Lam 4 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS AND STABILITY MAINTENANCE China’s only icebreaker, the Xue China By Yaqiu Wang Brief 7 Long, successfully navigated the Volume 14, Issue 18 Arctic Ocean in 2012. CHINESE DESIGNS ON THE ARCTIC? CHILL OUT September By Matthew 25, 2014 Willis 11 China Brief is a bi-weekly jour- XI AND PUTIN IN ULAANBAATAR: MONGOLIA’s BalancING ACT nal of information and analysis By Alicia Campi 14 covering Greater China in Eur- asia. China Brief is a publication of The Jamestown Foundation, a private non-profit organization Xi’s Op-Ed Diplomacy: Selling the “China Dream” based in Washington D.C. and is edited by Nathan Beauchamp- Abroad Mustafaga. By Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga The opinions expressed in China Brief are solely those hinese President Xi Jinping’s six-day trip to South Asia during September of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of 14–19, on state visits to the Maldives, Sri Lanka and India, redoubled China’s C The Jamestown Foundation. efforts to increase its presence in the Indian Ocean while also trying to improve its relations with neighboring India. Xi signed major economic agreements in each country, including a $20 billion investment in Indian infrastructure and cooperation on a $1.3 billion port project with Sri Lanka. Xi’s tour also included public diplomacy with a personal touch—he published signed articles in the leading newspapers of each country. These articles prominently feature Xi’s concept of For comments and questions the “China Dream” as an alluring component of increased bilateral cooperation, about China Brief, please con- serving his foreign policy goal of increasing Chinese soft power abroad while also tact us at burnishing his credentials as an inspirational leader at home. < beauchamp@jamestown. org > Repurposing the Op-Ed 1111 16th St. NW, Suite 320 Washington, DC 20036 Xi appears to be the first Chinese president to regularly publish articles in major Tel: 202.483.8888 national newspapers on the first day of his foreign visit. Xi began publishing Fax: 202.483.8337 signed articles, or shuming wenzhang, in foreign countries when he visited Europe TO SUBSCRIBE TO CHINA BRIEF, VISIT http://www.jamestown.org/chinabrief/ 1 ChinaBrief Volume XIV s Issue 18 s September 25, 2014 this March, penning op-eds at each stop in Holland, history of philosophers (Xinhua, March 28). This shared France, Germany and Belgium (see also China Brief, April history is repurposed as the basis for the host country’s 9; Xinhua, April 2). Xi appears to have adopted the public contemporary cooperation with China’s policy initiatives. outreach campaign from Premier Li Keqiang, who began The Maldives’ location in the Indian Ocean provides it a this practice in Spain in 2011. [1] By the author’s count, Xi new role in China’s “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” has published 10 articles abroad and Li has published 13. and Mongolia’s boundary with China affords it inclusion Of note, Xi did not publish any shuming wenzhang during in Beijing’s “Silk Road Economic Belt” (see “Xi and Putin his tour of South America this July, but did conduct a in Ulaanbaatar: Mongolia’s Balancing Act,” in this issue). written group interview with a major newspaper from each country on his trip, which followed largely the same The “China Dream” plays a prominent role in Xi’s efforts style (Xinhua, July 15). [2] By comparison, U.S. President to encompass the host country’s ambitions within China’s Barack Obama similarly publishes op-eds when he travels own, especially for Asian countries. In Sri Lanka’s Daily on state visits abroad (White House, April 16, 2009). News, Xi’s article was titled “Let Us Become Partners in Pursuit of Our Dreams,” and he told Sri Lankans that Xi’s articles represent a break from tradition and reflect his “The Mahinda Chintana, which represents Sri Lanka’s more personal approach to diplomacy. Chen Mingming, dream of national strength and prosperity, has much in vice president of the Translators Association of China common with the Chinese dream of realizing the great and former ambassador to New Zealand, told Changjiang renewal of the Chinese nation” (Daily News [Colombo], Daily that Xi’s decision to publish op-eds was “innovative,” September 16). In Seoul, Xi said that China and South since past Chinese presidents usually accepted interviews Korea both need a “peaceful external environment” by local media while premiers wrote op-eds (Changjiang because China is pursuing the “China Dream” and Daily, March 27). For example, then-President Hu South Korea is also creating “the Second Miracle on the Jintao and Xi, as vice president, both conducted written Han River” (Xinhua, July 3). Xi also used the “China interviews with the Washington Post before their 2011 and Dream” to bridge tensions with India, as he wrote that 2012 visits to the United States, respectively (Washington “our respective dreams of national renewal are very Post, January 16, 2011; Washington Post, February 12, 2012). much aligned with each other. We need to connect our Tsinghua University professor Lu Shiwei explained that development strategies more closely and jointly pursue the op-eds, intentionally published in “authoritative our common dream of national strength and prosperity” local newspapers,” serve as an “excellent response” to (The Hindu, September 17). This rhetoric echoes Xi’s May “all types of analysis and speculation” by foreign media speech at the Conference on Interaction and Confidence- before the visit. Lu added that Chinese leaders usually Building Measures in Asia (CICA), where he said, “The review the op-ed personally after it is drafted, with expert Chinese people, in their pursuit of the Chinese dream of input and edits to ensure acceptability in the host country great national renewal, stand ready to support and help (Changjiang Daily, March 27). other peoples in Asia to realize their own great dreams” (see also China Brief, July 31; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Your Dream Is Our Dream, We All Dream Together May 21). However, the “China Dream” apparently is not universal, as he mentioned it in every Asian country as Xi’s op-eds largely reflect his own ambitions for China, well as France and Belgium, but not Holland or Germany. especially the “China Dream” and the economic reforms [3] announced in November 2013 at the Third Plenum, and seek to relate these efforts to his host country (see also This emphasis on the “China Dream” abroad appears China Brief, November 22, 2013). In connecting the two exclusively by Xi, as by the author’s account, none countries, Xi invariably references their shared history, of Li Keqiang’s 13 signed articles have contained the highlighting an era of Chinese prosperity. Xi noted Ming phrase “China Dream” or “revitalization of the Chinese dynasty explorer Zheng He’s voyages in the Maldives, nation,” reinforcing Xi’s ownership of the concepts (see Mongolia’s role in the ancient Silk Road and Germany’s also China Brief, March 28, 2013; China Brief April 25, shared status with China of “[prominently embodying] 2013). The “China Dream” also ties into Xi’s broader the Eastern or Western civilizations” through their proud efforts in regional diplomacy, as he pointed out during 2 ChinaBrief Volume XIV s Issue 18 sSeptember 25, 2014 the October 2013 periphery diplomacy conference emphasis on “development as the key to peace” (see also that “good peripheral diplomacy […] is a requirement China Brief, May 23). for the realization of the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation” (see also China Brief, November 2, 2013; The articles also highlight political solidarity between the People’s Daily Online, September 22). two countries. Xi defended Sri Lanka from human rights criticisms by citing China’s long-standing principle of non- Economic Cooperation Makes Dreams Come True interference, as he wrote that China “resolutely opposes any move by any country to interfere in Sri Lanka’s China’s economic reforms are also compared favorably internal affairs under any excuse” (Daily News, September to the local economy’s development path as a way to 16). Citing France’s status as a permanent member of the merge each country’s “dream.” In France’s Le Figaro, UN Security Council, Xi said the two countries, “have the after explaining Beijing’s strategy for realizing the “China capability and wisdom to make good proposals and good Dream” as “advancing the new type of industrialization, initiatives to advance world multi-polarity and democracy IT application, urbanization and agricultural in international relations” (Xinhua, March 26). Noting the modernization,” Xi said that “France, on its part, is world is “[moving] towards multipolarity,” Xi called on stepping up its structural reform while working to ensure India to work with China to “make the international order growth […] and fulfill the new French dream. Both China more fair and reasonable, and improve the mechanism and France are reform-minded nations” (Xinhua, March and rules of international governance, so as to make them 26). In Germany’s Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Xi linked better respond to the trend of the times and meet the the Third Plenum reforms with Germany’s “Industry 4.0” common needs of the international community” (The strategy and “energy transformation,” calling for “a new Hindu, September 17). This was an obvious nod to their stage of ‘precision running-in’ and ‘seamless docking’ ” cooperation on the BRICS’ New Development Bank in Sino-German economic cooperation (Xinhua, March and increasing their influence in Western-dominated 28).
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