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Cellular Sources of Interleukin 16 in Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusions

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Cellular sources of interleukin 16 in benign and malignant pleural effusions LI Jian-jun W E I W e i SHI Huan-zhong LI Ying-xin MO Wu-ning interleukin 16;.flow cytometry; immunohistochemistry; pleural disease Background Interleukin 16 (IL-16) can be detected by ELISA in pleural effusion (PE) and its concentration is higher than in serum. This study investigated the cellular sources of IL-16 in PE. Methods The samples of PE were collected from 34 patients who were newly diagnosed having PE in the pleural cavity. We performed cell culture to purify the pleural mesothelial cells (PMC), Wright staining to count the purity and immu nocytochemic al stain to i dentify the cultured cell s. The intracellular IL-16 expression was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The different cells in PE were first separated by magnetic cell sorting (MCAS) then the separated cells were cultured in RPMI1640 with 10％ fetal calf serum (FCS). We extracted the supernatant and detected IL-16 concentration by ELISA. The IL-16 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining. Results The percentages of cells which secreted IL-16 were: CD3+CD8 cells ((74.27±15.56)％, n=34); CD3+CD8+ cells ((69.86±18.55)％, n=34); CD19+ cells ((45.30±18.77)％, n=15); CD14+ cells ((16.91±16.69)％, n=15); and PMC ((2. 05±1.85)％, n=7). The co ncentrations of IL-16 in the supernatant from cultured cells were: CD4+ cells ((102.50±42.51) ng/L , n=5); CD8+ cells ((92.5 8±18.34) ng /L, n=5); CD1 9+ cells ((79.85±5.62) ng/L, n=5); CD14+ cells ((58.51±25.38) ng/L, n=5); and PMC ((18.14±8.37) ng/L, n=5). In lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and PMC, we could observe the cells that expressed IL-16 protein. In paraffin-embedded sections, we also could observe by immunohistochemistry the CD4+IL-16+ cells, CD8+IL-16+ cells, CD19+IL-16+ cells, and CD14+IL-16+ cells. Conclusions IL-16 in PE is mainly secreted by T lymphocytes, including CD3+CD8- cells and CD3+CD8+celIs. CD19+ cells and CD14+ cells can also secrete IL-16, but the percentage of PMC that can secrete IL-16 is very low. 10.3 760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2011.24.008 Ma ster Degree C andidate, Fi rst Affiliate d Hospital, Guangxi Me dical Univers ity, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China (Li JJ and Wei W) Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Me dical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China (Shi HZ) La boratory Cent er, Pharmace utical Colleg e of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China (Li YX) La boratory Cent er, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China (Mo WN) <作者简 介>=Correspondence to: Dr. MO Wu-ning, Laboratory Center, First Af filiated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China (Tel: 86-771-5356052. Fax: 86-771-5356052. Email: mown 163 @ 163.com) LI Jian-jun is now working in Department of AIDS/STD, Guangxi Ce nter for Dise ase Control and Preventio n, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China. WE I Wei is now working in First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China. This stud y was suppor ted by grants from the Gu angxi Medical University, Dr. Start Fund (No. 304201) and the Guangxi Health Department issues (No. Z2006062). None of the authors have a financial relationship with a commercia l entity tha t has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. 4 1 6 1 4162 4163 @ @1. Cen ter DM, Cr uik sha nk W. Mo dula tio n of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. 1. Identification and characterization of chemoattractant activity for lymphocytes from mitogen stimulated mononuclear cells. J Immunol 1982; 128: 2563-2568. @@2. Arima M, Plitt J, Stcllato C, Bickel C, Motojima S, Makino S, et al. Expression of interleukin-16 by human epithelial cells inhibition by dexamethasone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 21: 684-692. @@3. Krautwald S. IL-16 activates the SAPK signaling pathway in 3806-3814. CD4+ macrophage. J Immnol 1998; 160: 5874-5879. @@10. Elssner A, Doseff AI, Duncan M, Kotur M, Wewers MD. @ @4. Mathy N L, Bannert N , Norley SG, Kurth R. Cutting edge: IL-16 is constitutively present in peripheral blood monocytes CD4 is not required for the functional activity of IL-16. J and spontane-ousl y released d uring apoptosis. J Immunol Immnol 2000; 164: 4429-4432. 2004; 172: 7721-7725. @@5. Laberge S, Pinsonneault S, Ernst P, Olivenstein R, Ghaffar O, @@11. Qin XJ, Shi HZ, Huang ZX, Kang LF, Mo WN, Wu C. Center D M, et al. Ph enotype of IL-16 producing cells in Interleukin-16 in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. bronchia l mucosa: ev idence for the human eosinophil and Eur Respir J 2005; 25:605-611. mast cell as cellular sources of IL-16 in asthma. Int Arch @@12. Pal a P, Hussel l T, Openshaw PJ. Flow cytometrick Allergy Immnology 1999; 119: 120-125. meas urement of intracellular cytokines. J Immunol Methods @ @6. Krug N, Cruikshank WW, Tschernig T, Erpenbeck VJ, Balke 2000; 243: 107-124. K, Hohl feld JM, et al. Interleukin 16 and T-cell @@13. Sewell WA, North ME, Webster DB, Farrant J. Determination chemoattractant activity in bronchial-veolarlavage 24 hours of i ntracellular cytokine by flow-cytometry following after allergen challenge in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care whole-blood culture. J Immunol Methods 1997; 209: 67-74. Med 2000; 162: 105-111. @@14. Katayama H, Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Sakai K, Hiwada K, @@7. Kaser A, Dunzendorfer S, Offner FA, Ludwiczek O, Enrich B, Yama da H, et al. Production of eosinophilic chemokines by Koch RO, et al. B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 attracts normal pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol dendritic cells and Th cells. J Immunol 2000; 165: 2002; 26: 398-404. 2474-2480. @@15. Fra ncé s R, Rodr iguez E, Mun oz C, Zapater P, De la ML, @@8. Reich K, Heine A, Hugo S, Blaschke V, Middel P, Kaser A, et Ndongo M, et al. Intracellular cytokine expression in ai. Engagement of the Fc epsilon RI stimulates the production peritoneal monocyte/macrophages obtained from patients of IL-16 in langerhans cell-like dendritic cells. J Immunol with cirrhosis and presence of bacterial DNA. Eur J 2001; 167: 6321-6329. Gastroenteroi Hepatol 2005; 17:45-51. @ @9. Sciaky D, Brazer W, Center DM, Cruikshank WW, Smith TJ. Cultured human fibroblasts express constitutive IL-16mRNA: cytokine induction of active IL-16 protein synthesis through a 2011-05-08 caspase-3-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2000; 164: Cellular sources of interleukin 16 in benign and malignant pleural effusions 作者： LI Jian-jun， WEI Wei， SHI Huan-zhong， LI Ying-xin， MO Wu-ning 作者单位： LI Jian-jun(Department of AIDS/STD, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China)， WEI Wei(First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi530028, China)， SHI Huan-zhong(Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China)， LI Ying-xin(Laboratory Center, Pharmaceutical College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China()， MO Wu-ning(Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China) 刊名： 中华医学杂志（英文版） 英文刊名： Chinese Medical Journal 年，卷(期)： 2011,124(24) 参考文献(15条) 1.Sciaky D;Brazer W;Center DM;Cruikshank WW Smith TJ Cultured human fibroblasts express constitutive IL-16mRNA:cytokine induction of active IL-16 protein synthesis through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism 2000 2.Qin XJ;Shi HZ;Huang ZX;Kang LF Mo WN Wu C Interleukin-16 in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions 2005 3.Elssner A;Doseff AI;Duncan M;Kotur M Wewers MD IL-16 is constitutively present in peripheral blood monocytes and spontane- ously released during apoptosis 2004 4.Center DM;Cruikshank W Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines,1.Identification and characterization of chemoattractant activity for lymphocytesfrom mitogen stimulated mononuclear cells 1982 5.Reich K;Heine A;Hugo S;Blaschke V Middel P Kaser A et ai Engagement of the Fc epsilon RI stimulates the production of IL-16 in langerhans cell-like dendritic cells 2001 6.Kaser A;Dunzendorfer S;Offner FA;Ludwiczek O Enrich B Koch RO B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 attracts dendritic cells and Th cells 2000 7.Krug N;Cruikshank WW;Tschernig T;Erpenbeck VJ Balke K Hohlfeld JM Interleukin 16 and T-cell chemoattractant activity in bronchial-veolarlavage 24 hours after allergen challenge in asthma 2000 8.Laberge S;Pinsonneault S;Ernst P;Olivenstein R Ghaffar O Center DM Phenotype of IL-16 producing cells in bronchial mucosa:evidence for the human eosinophil and mast cell as cellular sources of IL-16 in asthma 1999 9.Mathy NL;Bannert N;Norley SG;Kurth R Cutting edge:CD4 is not required for the functional activity of IL-16 2000 10.Krautwald S IL-16 activates the SAPK signaling pathway in CD4+ macrophage 1998 11.Arima M;Plitt J;Stcllato C;Bickel C Motojima S Makino S Expression of interleukin-16 by human epithelial cells inhibition by dexamethasone 1999 12.Francés R;Rodriguez E;Munoz C;Zapater P De la ML Ndongo M Intracellular cytokine expression in peritoneal monocyte/macrophages obtained from patients with cirrhosis and presence of bacterial DNA 2005 13.Katayama H;Yokoyama A;Kohno N;Sakai K Hiwada K Yamada H Production of eosinophilic chemokines by normal pleural mesothelial cells 2002 14.Sewell WA;North ME;Webster DB;Farrant J Determination of intracellular cytokine by flow-cytometry following whole-blood culture 1997 15.Pala P;Hussell T;Openshaw PJ Flow cytometrick measurement of intracellular cytokines 2000 本文读者也读过(10条) 1.
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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Anja Lahtinen GOVERNANCE MATTERS CHINA’S DEVELOPING WESTERN REGION WITH A FOCUS ON QINGHAI PROVINCE ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in Auditorium XII, Unioninkatu 34, on the 8th of December, 2010, at 2 pm. Publications of the Institute for Asian and African Studies 11 ISBN 978-952-10-6679-5 (printed) ISBN 978-952-10-6680-1 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/ ISSN 1458-5359 Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2010 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This doctoral dissertation is like a journey that began in 1986 with my first visit to China. I have witnessed how China has changed from being a poor country to one of the most powerful economies in the world. With my academic endeavors I have deepened my knowledge about its history, culture, language, and governance. Completing this dissertation would have been impossible without the support of academic colleagues, friends and family. I sincerely thank Professor Juha Janhunen, at the Department of World Cultures, Asian and African Studies at the University of Helsinki, for his valuable feedback and suggestions. I am also thankful for being a participant in the “Ethnic Interaction and Adaptation in Amdo Qinghai” project supported by the Academy of Finland and headed by Professor Janhunen. I express my gratitude to my supervisors Professor Kauko Laitinen at the Confucius Institute of Helsinki University for his advice and encouragement throughout the study process. Professor Lim Hua Sing at Waseda University in Japan provided me perspectives for developing the methodology for my PhD, thus greatly assisting my work in the preliminary phase.
  • The Importance of Evidence: Fact, Fiction and the South China Sea Bill Hayton, Author ‘The South China Sea: the Struggle for Power in Asia’ May 2015

    The Importance of Evidence: Fact, Fiction and the South China Sea Bill Hayton, Author ‘The South China Sea: the Struggle for Power in Asia’ May 2015

    The importance of evidence: fact, fiction and the South China Sea Bill Hayton, author ‘The South China Sea: the struggle for power in Asia’ May 2015 In just a few weeks, international judges will begin to consider the legality of China’s ‘U-shaped line’ claim in the South China Sea. The venue will be the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague and the Court’s first step – during deliberations in July – will be to consider whether it should even consider the case. China’s best hope is that the judges will rule themselves out of order because if they don’t, and the Philippines’ case proceeds, it’s highly likely that China will suffer a major embarrassment. The Philippines wants the Court to rule that, under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), China can only claim sovereignty and the rights to resources in the sea within certain distances of land territory. If the court agrees, it will have the effect of shrinking the vast ‘U- shaped line’ to a few circles no more than 24 nautical miles (about 50km) in diameter. China is not formally participating in the case but it has submitted its arguments indirectly, particularly through a ‘Position Paper’ it published last December. The Paper argued that the Court shouldn’t hear the Philippines’ case until another court had made a ruling on all the competing territorial claims to the different islands, rocks and reefs. This is the issue that the judges will have to consider first. China’s strategy in the ‘lawfare’ over the South China Sea is to deploy historical arguments in order to outflank arguments based on UNCLOS.