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USAMHI WWI Eastern Front U.S. Army Military History Institute WWI-Eastern Front 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 11 Aug 2012 EASTERN FRONT, WWI A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources CONTENTS Overview/General Sources…..p.2 1914….p.4 -Stallupönen (17 Aug)…..p.6 -Gumbinnen (20 Aug)…..p.7 -Volchkovtsky (21 Aug)…..p.7 -Jaroslavice (21 Aug)…..p.7 -Tannenburg…..see separate bibliography -First Battle Masurian Lakes (9 Sep)…..p.8 -Lodz (Sep)…..p.8 1915…..p.8 -Second Battle Masurian Lakes (7 Feb)…..p.10 -Gorlice-Tarnow (2 May)…..p.10 1916…..p.11 -Brusilov Offensive (4 Jun-16 Aug)…..p.11 1917…..p.12 -Kerensky Offensive (Jul)…..p.12 -Riga Campaign (1-3 Sep)…..p.12 Personal Experiences.....p.13 -German Perspective…..p.14 -Russian Perspective….p.16 -Polish Perspective…..p.16 Various Special Aspects.....p.16 -German Redeployment….p.17 Eastern Front Overview p.2 OVERVIEW/GENERAL SOURCES Eastern Front operations did not mirror those on the more static and spatially-contained Western Front. This theater of war roughly ran north-south from St. Petersburg to the Black Sea and east-west from the Baltic Sea to Moscow. War in the vast east began 4-23 Aug 1914 as the Russian Army advanced into East Prussia. Bauer, Max. Österreich-Ungarn im Welt-Kriege: Wirklichkeitsaufnahmen, Ausgewählt und Zusammengestellt…. Siegen: H. Monatus, 1915. D527.B3. Boot, Max. “Triumph of Prussian Technology and Tactics.” MHQ (Autumn 2006): pp. 56-65. Per. Churchill, Winston S. The Unknown War: The Eastern Front. NY: Scribner's, 1931. 387 p. D550.C4. Clark, Alan. The Eastern Front, 1914-18: Suicide of Empires. Moreton-in-Marsh, England: Windrush, 1999. 111 p. D551.C522. ____. Suicide of the Empires: The Battles on the Eastern Front, 1914-18. NY: American Heritage, 1971. 127 p. D551.C52. Camon, Hubert. “The Battles of Ludendorff on the Russian Front.” Wash, DC: AWC, 1925. 23 p. D551.C35. _____. “The Strategy of Ludendorff on the Russian Front.” Pt. 1: “In East Prussia and Poland, Sept.-Dec 1914.” [Translated from an article in (15 Oct 1923) Revue Militaire Général by D.S. Appleton] Typescript, 1923? 6 p. DD51.C35213pt.1. Dupuy, Trevor, & Onacewicz, Wlodzimierz. Triumphs and Tragedies in the East, 1914-1917. NY: F. Watts, 1967. 89 p. D551.D86. Fuller, William A., Jr. “The Eastern Front.” In The Great War and the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale, 2000. 30-68. D521.G743. Golovine, Nicholas N. The Russian Campaign of 1914: The Beginning of the War and Operations in East Prussia. [Translated by Arthur Muntz] East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press, 2009 reprint of 1933 edition. 410 p. D552.T3.G652. Helsey, Edouard. Les Adventures d l’Armée d’Orient. Paris: La Renaissance du Livre, 1920. 249 p. D560.H4. Hudson, C.E. “Back to the Front.” Army Quarterly (Apr 1934): pp. 135-49. Per. “Impressions of the Eastern German Front.” Infantry Journal (Jun 1918): pp. 913-42. Per. Organization & training of the German Army. Eastern Front Overview p.3 Kihntopf, Michael P. Victory in the East: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial German Army. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 2000. 99 p. D551.K54. Military Effectiveness. Vol. I: The First World War. [Edited by Allan R. Millett & Williamson Murray] Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1988. 361 p. U42.M54v.1. See Chap 8. Nieberg, Michael L., & Jordan, David. The Eastern Front 1914-1920: From Tannenberg to the Russo- Polish War. London: Amber, 2012. 224 p. D550.N45. Niemann, Hans. Die Befreiung Galiziens. Berlin: Mittler, 1916. D556.N5. Poseck, Maximilian. “The German Cavalry in Poland, 1914-1915.” [Translated from the German by B.B. McMahon & Charles E. Rayens] Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CGSC, 1935. D532.4.P5913. Die Deutschen Kavallerie in Polen, 1914/15. Berlin: Mittler, 1935. 151 p. D532.4.P59. Prusin, Alexander V. The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands, 1870-1992. NY: Oxford, 2010. 324 p. DJK48.5.P78. Raicer, Ted S. "When Eagles Fight: The Eastern Front in WWI." Command (Nov/Dec 1993): pp. 14-41. Per. Overview. Rostovtzeff, Theodore. “Military Errors in Russia.” Infantry Journal (May 1922): pp. 509-17; (Jun 1922): pp. 630-39. Per. Niemann, Hans. Hindenburgs Siegeszug gegen Russland: Kurzgefasste Volkstümliche Darstellung seiner Feldzüge. Berlin: Mittler, 1917. 82 p. D551.N5. Stone, Norman. World War One: The Eastern Front, 1914-1917. NY: Scribner, 1975. 348 p. D550.S76. "Twelve Months of the War on the Eastern Front." Journal of the United Service Institution of India (Apr & Jul 1916): pp. 105-32 & 213-54. Per. U.S. Army. Infantry School. Monographs of the World War. Ft Benning, GA, 1923? 695 p. D509.U55. Compilation of 75 selected student monographs. See Monographs 5-9. Vinogradsky, Aleksandr N. La Guerre sur le Front Oriental: En Russie-en Roumanie. Paris: Charles- Lavauzelle, 1926. 380 p. D550.V5. Williams, G.C. “Wholesale Demolitions.” Royal Engineers Journal (Mar 1924): pp, 25-27. Per. Demolition on Eastern Front, 1914, and Western Front, 1918. Wright, Clement H. “Military Strategy of the World War, the Eastern Front: Staff Presentation.” Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1938. 61 p. D550.W74. Eastern Front Overview p.4 1914 By virtue of the complex pre-war alliance system, the Russian General Staff had agreed to support the French Army with an offensive opening a second front within fifteen days of general mobilization. By 14 Aug, General Jilinsky’s Northwest Army Group began to move westward, and on 17 Aug, First Russian Army under General Pavel Rennenkampf entered East Prussia. General Alexander Samsonov’s Second Army was to keep pace with the First and converge on the outnumbered German Eighth. The reality of Russia’s plan of engagement was not reflected in the long, arduous path to the German front lines. Russian combat units were relatively filled-out, but they were poorly trained and equipped, with virtually non-existent supply and support services, for which numbers could not compensate. The front required a high degree of mobility and flexibility, neither a hallmark of Russian armed forces, even in peace time. Russia experienced a rude awakening with German victories in small engagements on the East Prussian frontier that preceded the massive battles of Tannenburg (26-30 Aug) and Masurian Lakes (9-14 Sep). Russian armies enjoyed far greater success with their subsequent invasion of Galicia (Austrian Poland) which began on 23 Aug. The Austro-Hungarian Empire had long viewed Russia as a secondary threat, having more concern with Serbia to the south. Additionally, Austria mistakenly assumed that Italy and Romania would join their alliance with Germany. Austrian armies were divided as Generals Ivanov and Brusilov defeated them successively in the battles at Gnila-Lipa, Rava-Russka and Lemberg, and laid siege to Przemyśl. From 12-26 Sep, a battered Austrian army withdrew, ceding to Russian arms the whole of Galicia, save a narrow corridor between the Vistula and the Carpathian Mountains. Germany was concerned enough with the situation in eastern Austria that they fielded a new army, the Ninth, to relive pressure on their ally. The center of gravity shifted to Poland; battles along the Vistula in October and at Lódź in November failed to achieve a clear Austro-Hungarian victory, but it kept the Russians at bay. What ensued were three more years of fluid warfare with longer and thinner lines of troops than on the Western Front. Defensive warfare did not present the same advantage as in the west because lines of communication made difficult the efficient placement of reinforcements and the terrain did not lend itself to constructing defensive networks. d’Adamovitch, Boris. “Some Russian Cavalry Charges During the Great War.” Cavalry Journal (Jul 1926): pp. 403-05. Per. Corodoc (4 Aug); Galicia (Aug); Vetrzino (Dec). “The Austrian Plan Against Russia, 1914: Genesis and Arrangement for German Cooperation.” Army Quarterly (Apr 1941): pp. 122-25. Per. Compton, T.E. “The Campaign of 1914 in East Prussia.” Royal United Service Institute Journal (RUSI) (Feb 1919): pp. 74-91. Per. Gumbinnen & Masurian Lakes. Eastern Front Overview p.5 Danilov, Juri. “Russia in the World War, 1914-1915.” [Translated by Gustavus M. Blech] Ft. Leavenworth, KS: General Service Schools, 1927. 207 p. D550.D313. Translated from Russland im Weltkriege, 1914-1915 (Jena: Walter Biedermann, 1925. 581 p. D550.D3. “The Defeat of Rennenkampf.” Cavalry Journal [British] (Jul 1924): pp. 269-79. Per. Soltmahnen (9 Sep); Rominten Forest (12 Sep); and Tannenberg. Eden, Steven J. “The Battle of Königgrätz.” Field Artillery (Aug 1992): pp. 26-29. Per. Focuses of artillery aspects. Edmonds, J.E. “The Austrian Plan of Campaign, 1914, and its Development.” Army Quarterly (Jul 1921): pp. 300-11. Per. First Lemberg (25 Aug-13 Sep); Rava Russka (5-11 Sep); Komarov (22 Aug-8 Sep) _____. “The Warsaw Campaign, October 1914.” Army Quarterly (Apr 1941): pp. 17-26. Per. Golovine, N.N. “Cavalry on the Front.” Cavalry Journal (Jul 1921): pp. 256-73. Per. Part 1 of a two-part article; Khodel River, Aug. _____. “The Cavalry Action at Yanoff.” Cavalry Journal (Apr 1924): pp .112-23. Per. Sep. _____. “A Cavalry Charge.” Cavalry Journal (Oct 1920): pp. 266-75. Per. Opole, Aug. Goodeve, L.C. “Strategy of the Interior and Exterior Line of Operation.” Canadian Defence Journal (Apr 1927): pp. 319-24. Per. Inostransev, M.A. “Cavalry in Action at Poradok.” [Translation of article from (Nov/Dec 1935): Revue de Cavalerie by W.C. Koenig] 10 p. D556.I5. 17 Aug battle of Gorodok. Ironside, Edmund. “The Lessons of the East Prussian Campaign.” Cavalry Journal [British] (Oct 1924): pp. 379-85. Per. Aug/Sep. Kearsey, A. A Study of the Strategy and Tactics of the East Prussian Campaign, 1914.
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