DOCSLIB.ORG

Shrubs and Vines for the Leventritt Garden

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shrubs and Vines for the Leventritt Garden Sun-Loving Shrubs and Vines for the Leventritt Garden Peter Del Tredici, Michael Dosmann, Tom Ward, and julie Coop The position of the shrub is distinctly secondary, and the burden of the inferior race is upon it. A tree may be valued for what it is, but a shrub is rated for just what it can do. It must render a service to compensate for its cultivation. This service may be one of beauty, through its flowers; or of use, by its fruit; or its foliage or habit of growth may be especially attractive, or of such a nature as will give it value as a shield or a cover for waste and barren places. -Harriet Keeler, Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them,1900 he Leventritt Garden adds a new compo- Criteria for Horticultural Display to the Arboretum’s collections-a MULTISEASONALITY. In most instances, plants nentdisplay of sun-loving shrubs and vines of single-season interest will not be included. suitable for southern New England. Unlike the To ensure interest year-round, preference will main Arboretum collections, which are princi- be given to plants with a minimum of two, if pally intended for scientific research, the new not three, seasons of ornamental interest, garden has been designed to demonstrate the whether bloom, fruit display, autumn leaf color, horticultural qualities of both species and or texture. cultivars. it will contribute to Nonetheless, PROVEN PERFORMANCE. Most shrubs will be the Arboretum’s scientific mission by adding selected for outstandmg horticultural merit, vines and herbaceous genera-particularly that is, nursery selections that are superior in botanical families that are perennials-m size, color, or persistence of bloom; in texture, to our research. important form, or color of foliage; or form and stature of Selecting the Plants habit. Choices will be determined by perfor- mance in the Arboretum as well as in other Working from fall 2000 through spring 2001, our botanical gardens and landscapes. These will plant selection committee-the authors, land- include the best of the dwarf conifers previously Laura scape projects manager Tenny Brogna, located on this site. Some of the vines will also former assistant education director Ellen be chosen for horticultural merit; the genus and intern Bennett, gardener Bethany Grasso, Clematis will be well represented, as will Stacey Berghammer-generated the list of Lonicera and Wisteria. plants to be included, first establishing our cri- teria. We agreed to give preference to plants Botanical Criteria that meet at least two and preferably three of GENERA AND SPECIES THAT ARE PART OF IMPOR- the criteria in any of the three categories, horti- TANT BOTANICAL FAMILIES BUT ARE NOT WELL cultural, botanical, and educational. Many of REPRESENTED IN THE MAIN COLLECTIONS. These our selections already exist in the Arboretum’s include shrubs that do not prosper in the main collections, and many more will be acquired collections because they lack sun or because from other botanical collections and commer- small stature or slow growth rate exposes them cial sources. to damage by dogs, humans, and mowers. Left to mght, top row: Enkianthus perulatus form and flower; middle row, Aconitum smomontanum (Chmese monkshood), Elliotia racemosa (Georgia plume), Hamamehs x mtermedia ‘Diane’ (hybmd witch hazel); bottom row, Caragana arborescens ‘Nana’ (low-growing pea tree) form and flower. Photographs by Peter Del Tredici, Gary Koller, John Alexander III, Robert G Mayer. 22 From left to mght, Viburnum opulus (European cranberry bush), V. hupehense (Hubei mburnumJ, V. phleobotnchum, V. dilatatum (lmden mburnum). Examples of those that will find a home in the In summer, the differences between species raised beds of the Leventntt Garden are Buxus hydrangeas, clethras, and stewartias and their and shrubby members of Fabaceae such as the respective cultivars can be studied. brooms, Cytisus and Gemsta. PLANT SOLUTIONS FOR LANDSCAPE PROBLEMS. of the vines will be selected for their Many Ilex glabra and Rhus aromatlca can stop bank botanical value rather than ornamental interest. erosion. Ericaceous plants grow well in acid Structures for vines in the Arboretum’s growing soils. Comptonia peregrina tolerates poor were to main grounds heretofore limited the soils. Vines can create wonderful vertical few fences. The Leventritt remaining perimeter screens, and for horizontal screens, shrubby Garden will accommodate vines new to many hedges are superb. the Arboretum. SPECIAL ORNAMENTAL For ornamen- Several important botanical families in North QUALITIES. tal winter interest, witch hazels lead the list. Temperate floras are represented primarily by Buddleias are just one example of a herbaceous plants, including some that were widely that sustains over cultivated at the Arboretum in earlier years. adaptable plant flowering much of the summer. For fragrance, the The garden provides the opportunity to aug- and are ment the botanical collections of these families daphnes, jasmines, honeysuckles prime Plants with colored and and genera. performers. foliage bold textures will also be highhghted. Educational Opportunities BIODIVERSITY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY. Biogeogra- These selections will determine the opportuni- phy-specifically the study of disjunct popula- ties for learning that the garden will offer. The tions in Asia and North America-has been range of subjects will expand over time; below central to the Arboretum’s research for more are some of the areas of interest that our plant than a century. It will be demonstrated on the selections will support. Orientation and ground in the Leventritt Garden, where the storytelling signs, informational pamphlets, native Chionanthus virginicus will be com- identification labels, and docent tours will be pared to its Asian counterpart, C. retusus, as used as interpretive aids. will Asarum canadensis with A. splendens and with P. terminalis. COMPARISONS OF WILD TAXA WITH THEIR CULTI- Pachysandra procumbens VATED TAXA. For instance, the flowering of PLANT CONSERVATION. Another area of long- redbuds, Cercis canadensis and its cultivars term interest has been the conservation of ’Kovey’ and ’Alba’, can be contrasted in spring. endangered plants by growing them ex situ, 23 namely, here at the Arboretum. Elliottia effects in spatial and rhythmic patterns) and racemosa, Prunus depressa, and Andromeda drawings of microclimate variations, optimum glaucophylla head a long list of species m this shrub sizes (varying by bed and terrace position), category; among others to be included are and traffic flow. Amelanchier nantucketensis, Ilex collina, and The planting design committee-the authors Abeliophylum distichum. At the other end of along with Laura Tenny Brogna and Bethany the spectrum, plants that thrive too well-often Grasso-began its task by considering the distri- on what were the sites of presently endangered bution and size constraints of evergreens and species-will also be available for study, kudzu small trees. We placed larger plants at the sides and greenbriar among them. and toward the middle of each terrace, and slot- ted a high proportion of low-growing plants in Placing the Plants the lower terraces. In autumn 2001, Reed Hilderbrand Landscape Microclimate variations (sun/shade, dry/mesic in are minor we Architects submitted a set of concepts for the soils) the garden and assigned planting plan that included locations and distri- them a low priority with a single exception. We the northernmost end as a butions of small evergreen shrubs as well as designated lower, frost Tender if included at all small- to medium-sized trees (arrayed for visual pocket. material, in this garden, will be placed in the uppermost terrace and above the great wall. With these considerations in mind, the com- mittee began to partition the entire plant list into manageable groups and to locate individual taxa and groups in plan. Vines were sited in the upper terraces according to their growing requirements and their collections and ornamental value. Because wisterias require a high degree of structural sup- port, they are primarily clustered on and around the pavilion; the remaining plants climb on trel- lises, columns, and/or wall bases. Small- to medium-sized trees were included on our list specifically for design effect. We followed the landscape architects’ proposals in locating most of them within the terraces or at the garden edges with individuals ex- tending from the ra- vine area across the terraces. Eastern red- bud (Cercis canaden- sisJ and a few of its variants were selected as the primary tree candidates. We sited deciduous and ever- green shade trees along Centre Street Clockwise from top, Chionanthus virginicus (white fringetreeJ flowers, C. retusus to serve as sound and (Chmese frlngetreeJ flowers and frmt visual barriers. 24 Growth Patterns of Vines for the Leventritt Garden The plants that we call vines have in common a climbing habit, but how they climb varies widely. The major mechanisms will be represented in the Leventritt Garden. Adventitious Root Climbers These plants climb masonry walls or the trunks of trees; they can also grow as groundcovers. Campsis radicans (trumpet creeper) Euonymus fortunei (winter creeper)-many cultivars Hedera (ivy)-two species and many cultivars Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris (climb- mg hydrangea) Schizophragma hydrangeoides Twining Woody Vines Some of these vines, including Celastrus, Pueraria, Wisteria, require heavy posts or trel- lises to climb on; others do better on a mesh support such as chainlink. Akebia quinata on Cryptomena
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: Plant 8,901 Lewandowski Et Al
    USOOPPO8901P United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: Plant 8,901 Lewandowski et al. 45) Date of Patent: Sep. 20, 1994 (54) ENKIANTHUS PERULATUS CV. J. L. Dictionary of Gardening The Stockton Press (1992) PENNOCK N.Y., pp. 163, 164. 75 Inventors: Rick J. Lewandowski; Paul W. Meyer; Rochelle J. Dillard, all of Primary Examiner-James R. Feyrer Philadelphia, Pa. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Synnestvedt & Lechner 73) Assignee: The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 57 ABSTRACT 21 Appl. No.: 101,840 A new and distinct variety of Enkianthus perulatus plant 22 Filed: Aug. 3, 1993 named 'J. L. Pennock, which is particularly character ized by its distinctive, bright red fall coloration, and I51l Int. Cl. ............................................... A01B 5/00 which can be readily distinguished from other Enkian 52 U.S. Cl. ................................................... Plt./54.1 thus plants by its onset of fall color development about 58) Field of Search ........................................ Pt. 54.1 two weeks before that of other Enkianthus perulatus 56) References Cited plants. PUBLICATIONS Huxley, A., et al (Eds) "Enkianthus' The New RHS 9 Drawing Sheets 1. 2 whereas typical Enkianthus perulatus plants are about BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE as wide as they are tall; INVENTION (ii) a slow growth rate of 3 to 6 inches per year, making This invention relates to the discovery and asexual this plant an excellent candidate for the small garden; propagation of a new and distinct variety of Enkianthus 5 (iii) highly attractive fall coloration which, in Philadel perulatus, a member of the Ericaceae family and some phia, begins as early as the first week of September, times called White Enkianthus.
    [Show full text]
  • Elk Rock Garden
    Rock Garden Area Location Botanical Name Family Type of Plant Bloom Time Zone Rock Garden Abies balsamea 'Nana' Pinaceae Tree 3-6 Abies lasiocarpa 'Arizonica Compacta' Pinaceae Tree 4 Acer palmatum Aceraceae Tree 6-9 Acer palmatum 'Elegans' Aceraceae Tree 6-8 Adiantum aleuticum Pteridaceae Fern 3-8 Allium sp Liliaceae Perennial May Androsace primuloides Primulaceae Perennial Summer 6 Aquilegia discolor Ranunuculaceae Perennial Arabis caucasica Brassicaceae Perennial Spring 4-8 Armeria maritima 'Nifty Thrifty' Plumbaginaceae Perennial 3-9 Bolax gummifera Apiaceae Perennial Summer 5-6 Buxus microphylla 'Kingsville Dwarf' Buxaceae Shrub 6-9 Campanula satorii Campanulaceae Perennial Carex morrowii 'Aureo Variegata' Cyperaceae Grass 7-9 Carex ornithopoda 'Variegata' Cyperaceae Grass 4-8 Cedrus deodara 'Hollandia' Pinaceae Tree 6 Cedrus libani 'Green Knight' Pinaceae Tree 6 Centaurea simplicicaulis Asteraceae Perennial 3-8 Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Coralliformis' Cupressaceae Tree 4-8 Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Hage' Cupressaceae Tree 5 Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Lutea' Cupressaceae Tree 5 Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Reis Dwarf' Cupressaceae Tree Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Stoneham' Cupressaceae Tree 5 Cheilanthes fenderli Adiantaceae Fern 4 Chiastophyllum oppositifolium Crassulaceae Perennial 6-9 Cryptomeria japonica 'Nana' Taxodiaceae Tree 6-9 Cytisus hirsutus Fabaceae Shrub L. Spring 6 Daphne x 'Lawrence Crocker' Thymelaeaceae Shrub Summer 6-9 Dianthus freynii Caryophyllaceae Perennial 6 Enkianthus perulatus Ericaceae Shrub Spring 6-8 Epimedium x versicolor 'Sulphureum' Berberidaceae Shrub Feb/Mar 5-9 Eranthis hyemalis Ranunculaceae Perenial Jan/Feb 4-9 Euonymus japonica 'Rokiljo' Celastraceae Shrub 6 Euphorbia myrsinites (3) Euphorbiaceae Perennial Spr 5-8 Fritillaria acmopetala Liliaceae Perennial 6-8 Fritillaria graeca Liliaceae Perennial 6-9 Fritillaria michailovskyi Liliaceae Perennial 5-8 Fritillaria persica Liliaceae Perennial 6-8 Fritillaria uva-vulpis Liliaceae Perennial 7-9 Fritillaria verticillata Liliaceae Perennial 6-8 Gentiana septemfida Gentianaceae Perennial L.
    [Show full text]
  • Enkianthus Campanulatus ‘Showy Lantern’
    Enkianthus campanulatus ‘Showy Lantern’ Enkianthus in cultivation Th o m a s Cl a r k , Er i C hsu and ko E n Ca m E l b E k E provide an overview of the cultivated species and detail the cultivars n k i a n t h u s bring a welcome than fleshy berries, and whorl-like E. perulatus (syn. E. taiwanianus), subtlety to the spring garden. arrangement of toothed leaves and E. quinqueflorus, E. serotinus and ETheir small flowers and leaves branches, differentiate Enkianthus. E. serrulatus. Three are native to contrast with those of their more They are deciduous shrubs or small Japan: E. campanulatus, E. cernuus blousy ericaceous brethren such as trees and flowering occurs in early and E. perulatus. Rhododendron, and they demand less to late spring, April to June in the cultivation attention. The genus northern hemisphere. Taxonomic history contains 12–17 species, augmented The native range of the genus is The genus was established in 1790 by several worthwhile cultivars. east Asia, occupying a broad swathe by João de Loureiro (1717–1791), a from the eastern Himalayas to south- Portuguese Jesuit missionary, Genus characteristics east Asia, and north into China and palaeontologist, physician and The pendulous, umbel-like clusters Japan. China is host to seven species, botanist who resided in Cochinchina or racemes of campanulate flowers more than any other country, four of (now Vietnam) for 30 years. Taking resemble those of related genera which are endemic (Ruizheng & cues from the flowers, he created the such as Gaultheria and Vaccinium. Stevens 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • A Consensus Phylogenomic Approach Highlights Paleopolyploid and Rapid Radiation in the History of Ericales
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid and rapid radiation in the history of Ericales Drew A. Larson1,4 , Joseph F. Walker2 , Oscar M. Vargas3 , and Stephen A. Smith1 Manuscript received 8 December 2019; revision accepted 12 February PREMISE: Large genomic data sets offer the promise of resolving historically recalcitrant 2020. species relationships. However, different methodologies can yield conflicting results, 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of especially when clades have experienced ancient, rapid diversification. Here, we analyzed Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA the ancient radiation of Ericales and explored sources of uncertainty related to species tree 2 Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, inference, conflicting gene tree signal, and the inferred placement of gene and genome CB2 1LR, UK duplications. 3 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA METHODS: We used a hierarchical clustering approach, with tree-based homology and 4Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) orthology detection, to generate six filtered phylogenomic matrices consisting of data Citation: Larson, D. A., J. F. Walker, O. M. Vargas, and S. A. Smith. from 97 transcriptomes and genomes. Support for species relationships was inferred 2020. A consensus phylogenomic approach highlights paleopolyploid from multiple lines of evidence including shared gene duplications, gene tree conflict, and rapid radiation
    [Show full text]
  • TREES in the CITY Horticultural Derelicts Or Unsung Heroes?
    FOUR SEASONS NfNAJ~ GREEN HOUSE! THE ONLY "FOLDING" PORTABLE GREENHOUSE IN AMERICA Optional: (Sold. separately) Planting tables, heater, thermostat, exhaust fan , thermometer. -------------------- - ---------------, Manufactured and distributed by Namae _____________________ I Horticulture Division of Please send free literature, specs, and I prices. I am interested in the following: Addressi __________________ I PRINCESS MODEL #GH873 I 4ris PRODUCTS, INC. D (Nine-Foot Dia.) .......... $345 City' _________State' ____..L.Zip, ___ I 32401 North Avis Drive DUCHESS MODEL #GH1073 I Madison Heights, Michigan 48071 D (Eleven-root Dia.) . ...... $595 o Check enclosed Card expiration date I Tel. No. (313) 583-1400 QUEEN MODEL #GH1273 o ~v1astercharge 11,__ - ____________ I D (Thirteen-Foot Dia.) ..... ... $795 Copyright Avis Products, Inc. 1973 Plus tax where applicable. Shipped prepaid. o BankAmericard #-______________ I Covered by U. S. Patent No. 3,333;373 I the supefnatural organic fertilizer! What do we add to Milorganite? Nothing! Everything's already there - naturally! an editorial . .. Horticultural Breadth and Depth Gardeners are ecologists. Th e man, woman, or child that are new, at least, new to us. w ith a hoe makes hi s immediate environment better; better to Have you ever grown Tri cyrtis hirta? It is a charming little look at, more productive. Ga rd eners have a creative bent. lily-like affa ir with w ide, funnel-shaped, speckled w hite Thi s plant lover grows nice beds of flowering ann uals while flowers. It is hard y to -100 F. Seed is li sted in the 1973 hi s neighbor grows bonsai trees and the lady across the way A.H.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants
    Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants Author(s) UMEZAWA, Toshiaki Wood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute Kyoto Citation University (2003), 90: 27-110 Issue Date 2003-09-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53098 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Note Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants T oshiaki U MEZAWA *1 (Received May 31, 2003) Keywords: biosynthesis, evolution, lignans, phylogenetic distribution herein the author presents the complete and detailed list of Abstract phylogenetic distribution oflignan producing plant species Lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers, where the phenyl­ in relation to 66 typical lignans belonging to the 12 lignan propane units are linked by the central carbon (Cs) oftheir subgroups. 7 side chains. The chemical structures of lignans vary In the previous review ), 66 typicallignans (Fig. 1) were substantially in basic carbon frameworks, as do their chosen based on a database search. Briefly, 308 typical 2 oxidation levels and substitution patterns. In addition, lignans listed by Ayres and Loike ) was subjected to a lignans show considerable diversity in terms of enanti­ database search [SciFinder Scholar; database, CAPLUS; omeric compositions, biosynthesis, and phylogenetic keywords, "the name ofeach lignan (e.g. pinoresinol)" and distribution. In this paper, the phylogenetic distribution "isolation"], and lignans which appeared in more than 10 of plants producing more than 70 typical lignans with a papers were chosen, giving rise to the 66 lignans. As variety of chemical structures are listed based on a data­ shown in Fig. 1, the 66 lignans were classified into the 12 base search. subgroups taki~g the possible biosynthetic pathways into account.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: Plant 8,901 Lewandowski Et Al
    USOOPPO8901P United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: Plant 8,901 Lewandowski et al. [45] Date of Patent: Sep. 20, 1994 [54] ENKIANTH US PER ULA TUS CV. ‘J. L. Dictionary of Gardening The Stockton Press (1992) PENNOCK’ N.Y., pp. 163, 164. [75] Inventors: Rick J. Lewandowski; Paul W. Meyer; Rochelle J. Dillard, all of Primary Examiner-James R. Feyrer Philadelphia, Pa. Attorney, Agent, or Fz‘rm—Synnestvedt & Lechner [73] Assignee: The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. [57] ABSTRACT [21] Appl. No.: 101,840 A new and distinct variety of Enkianth us perulatus plant [22] Filed: Aug. 3, 1993 named ‘J. L. Pennock,’ which is particularly character ized by its distinctive, bright red fall coloration, and [51] Int. Cl.5 ............................................. .. A01H 5/00 which can be readily distinguished from other Enkian [52] US. Cl. ...................................... .. Plt./54.1 thus plants by its onset of fall color development about [58] Field of Search ...................................... .. Plt. 54.1 two weeks before that of other Enkianthus perulatus [56] References Cited plants. PUBLICATIONS Huxley, A., et al (Eds) “Enkianthus” The New RHS 9 Drawing Sheets 1 2 BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE whereas typical Enkianthus perulatus plants are about INVENTION as wide as they are tall; (ii) a slow growth rate of 3 to 6 inches per year, making This invention relates to the discovery and asexual this plant an excellent candidate for the small garden; propagation of a new and distinct variety of Enkianthus (iii) highly attractive fall coloration which, in Philadel perulatus, a member of the Ericaceae family and some phia, begins as early as the ?rst week of September, times called White Enkianthus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Japanese Enkianthus Species (Ericaceae)
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38(1), pp. 11–17, February 22, 2012 The Phylogeny of Japanese Enkianthus species (Ericaceae) Chie Tsutsumi* and Yumiko Hirayama Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] (Received 16 November 2011; accepted 28 December 2011) Abstract The genus Enkianthus consists of 12–17 species, most of which are distributed in China and Japan. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses for Enkianthus species of Japan, using nuclear ITS, chloroplast matK with trnK intron, and trnS-trnG spacer regions. The result suggested that Enkianthus was separated into two groups; i.e., sect. Enkianthus with umbellate inflorescences and a clade of sect. Andromedina, sect. Enkiantella and sect. Meisteria with race- mose inflorescences. It also inferred that the ancestral Enkianthus seems likely to be shrubs with tubular or urceolate corollas and 4–5-apertured pollen, whereas the more derived species may pos- sess campanulate corollas and 3-apertured pollen. Kew words : Enkianthus, ITS, matK, molecular phylogeny, trnSG. Introduction ture, inflorescences structure, corolla shape, and morphologies of anther, pollen and seed (Ander- The genus Enkianthus Lour. (Ericaceae) is a berg, 1994; Kron et al., 2002). Infrageneric rela- genus of shrubs or small trees and often used as tionships of Enkianthus were studied by Ander- ornamental plants in the gardens. The genus con- berg (1994), who proposed a classification sists of 12–17 species (Anderberg, 1994; Kron et comprising four sections. Sect. Enkianthus has al., 2002; Fang and Stevens, 2005). All of the more or less coriaceous leaves, tubular or urceo- species are distributed from the Himalayas to late flowers, umbellate inflorescences, 4–5-aper- Japan (Fang and Stevens, 2005) and most of tured pollen, glabrous pedicels and smooth them are in China and Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants Author(S)
    Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants Author(s) UMEZAWA, Toshiaki Wood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute Kyoto Citation University (2003), 90: 27-110 Issue Date 2003-09-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53098 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Note Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants T oshiaki U MEZAWA *1 (Received May 31, 2003) Keywords: biosynthesis, evolution, lignans, phylogenetic distribution herein the author presents the complete and detailed list of Abstract phylogenetic distribution oflignan producing plant species Lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers, where the phenyl­ in relation to 66 typical lignans belonging to the 12 lignan propane units are linked by the central carbon (Cs) oftheir subgroups. 7 side chains. The chemical structures of lignans vary In the previous review ), 66 typicallignans (Fig. 1) were substantially in basic carbon frameworks, as do their chosen based on a database search. Briefly, 308 typical 2 oxidation levels and substitution patterns. In addition, lignans listed by Ayres and Loike ) was subjected to a lignans show considerable diversity in terms of enanti­ database search [SciFinder Scholar; database, CAPLUS; omeric compositions, biosynthesis, and phylogenetic keywords, "the name ofeach lignan (e.g. pinoresinol)" and distribution. In this paper, the phylogenetic distribution "isolation"], and lignans which appeared in more than 10 of plants producing more than 70 typical lignans with a papers were chosen, giving rise to the 66 lignans. As variety of chemical structures are listed based on a data­ shown in Fig. 1, the 66 lignans were classified into the 12 base search. subgroups taki~g the possible biosynthetic pathways into account.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Vietnamese Native Rhododendron and Enkianthus
    Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research Submitted: 2018-03-27 ISSN: 2624-814X, Vol. 2, pp 33-42 Revised: 2018-05-23 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/JHPR.2.33 Accepted: 2018-05-23 CC BY 4.0. Published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2018 Online: 2018-05-31 Identification of Vietnamese Native Rhododendron and Enkianthus Species of Ericaceae Family Based on Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence T.V. Tam1, D.V. Dong1, D.V. Lam1, T.H. Anh1, N.D. Van2, D.M. Trung3, T.D. Duong4, K.H. Trung4, N.T. Duong4, T.D. Khanh4* 1Fruit and Vegetable research Institute, Trau Quy, Hanoi, Vietnam 2 Department of Science and Technology, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam 3Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU) 4Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam *Corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Rhododendron, Ericaceae family, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences, DNA barcode Abstract. The genus Rhododendron and Enkianthus are belonging the Ericaceae family. In Vietnam there have diversified with 12 genera and about 90 species, of which more rhododendrons 30 species with beautiful flowers and two of Enkianthus species, widely distributed across the regions of the country. In this study, twelve Vietnamese native Rhododendron and Enkianthus species collected from Quang Ninh province were identified based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Comparison on sequencing among 12 Vietnamese native Rhododendron and Enkianthus with world's Rhododendron and Enkianthus species, we have determined the accurate same pattern the 5/10 species by recognition molecule forms such as DQ2, DQ5, DQ6, DQ7, DQ8 and five species as DQ1, DQ9, DQ10, DQ11 and DQ12 were determined in genus Rhododendron species.
    [Show full text]
  • Enkianthus Perulatus
    Enkianthus perulatus (White Enkianthus) A comapct shrub that grows very slowly, It has light green leaves that turn red/burgundy in the fall while it flowers fragrant nodding umbel like racemes in spring that contain 3 to 10 urn shaped flowers. It is a low maintenance plant that is pest and disease free and can be used for borders and as specimen plants Landscape Information Pronounciation: en-kee-AN-thus per-uh-LAY- tus Plant Type: Shrub Origin: Japan & Taiwan Heat Zones: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Hardiness Zones: 6, 7, 8 Uses: Specimen, Border Plant, Container, Rock Garden Size/Shape Growth Rate: Slow Tree Shape: Round, oval Canopy Texture: Medium Height at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 m Spread at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 10 to 20 Years Companion Plants: Rhododendrons Plant Image Enkianthus perulatus (White Enkianthus) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: Less than 5 Leaf Shape: Ovate Leaf Margins: Serrate Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Orange, Red Flower Flower Showiness: True Leaf Image Flower Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Flower Type: Raceme Flower Scent: Pleasant Flower Color: White Seasons: Spring Trunk Trunk Has Crownshaft: False Number of Trunks: Multi-Trunked Trunk Esthetic Values: Not Showy, Smooth Fruit Fruit Showiness: False Seasons: Spring Enkianthus perulatus (White Enkianthus) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: Yes Heat Tolerant: No Drought Tolerant: No Requirements Soil Requirements: Clay, Loam, Sand Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic, Neutral Water Requirements: Moderate Light Requirements: Full, Part Management Edible Parts: None Plant Propagations: Cutting Bark Image MORE IMAGES Other Image.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Alpines & Hardy Plants
    Foreward A number of members who knew Line now. Carole Wilder and Marcel Jouseau Foster well share their reflections on his have compared 1978's Seed Exchange with contributions to gardening and the rock 1988...and have given directions for sup• gardening world. plying seed. Sue Olson offers some valu• This issue also contains well researched able insights on collecting...and articles on two different groups of plants. cleaning...fern spores, the "invisible seed" Cyclamen is covered in some detail by for your own use or for sending to the Seed Nancy Goodwin. George Phair encourages Exchange. us to grow Lycopodiums, the Clubmosses, Geoffrey Charlesworth, with horticul• and Selaginellas, the Spikemosses. Ann tural and linguistic legerdemain, rambles Lovejoy tempts us with a few of the wide through the rock garden in summer. Wayne variety of small bulbs, the "Mighty Mites" Kittredge builds a solar greenhouse while of Spring. Thea Tweet and Nick Nickou contribute Gerald Klingaman sheds some light on short pieces to add to our gardening pleas• seed viability... especially useful with col• ure. lecting for the Seed Exchange in progress Ted Mars ton On the Cover: The cyclamen illustration is a copperplate from a Dutch horticultural Treatise by Abraham Munting printed in 1696. In its time, the book was a standard gardening work and was complete with scores of illustrations. Published quarterly by the AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY, a tax-exempt, non-profit organization incorpo• rated under the laws of the state of New Jersey. You are invited to |oin. Annual dues (Bulletin included), to be submitted in U.S.
    [Show full text]