Impact of Civil War on Natural Resources: A Case Study for Somaliland March 2006 Name and Contact of Submitting NGO Candlelight for Health, Education & Environment Hegiras - Somaliland Mailing address: Hillac Mail Services P.O.Box 4630. Abu Dhabi, UAE Tel. 00252-828-55219 / 00 252-2-523146 Mobile: 00252-2-426069 E-mail:
[email protected] Financed by: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FAO Regional Office for the Near East 11 Al Eslah Al Zedai St., Dokki P.O.Box 2223, Tel. (++20) 2 331-6000 Cairo, Egypt 2 Impact of Civil War on Natural Resources: A Case Study for Somaliland TABLE OF CONTENTS # Page # Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 Acknowledgement 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 2 INTRODUCTION 6 2.1 Objectives of the study 7 2.2 Methodology 8 3.0 GEOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA 8 3.1 Topography 8 3.2 Climate 9 3.3 Soils 9 3.4 Vegetation zones 9 4.0 LAND USE 11 5.0 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 13 5.1 Livestock Production System 13 5.1.1. Livestock Population and Distribution 13 5.1.2. Economic Importance of Livestock 14 5.1.3. War Impact on Livestock Production and Export 16 5.2.0. Crop Production 17 5.2.1. Rain fed/Flood Irrigation Crop Production 18 5.2.2. Irrigated Agriculture 18 5.2.3. The impact of civil war on rainfed/flood irrigation crop production 19 5.2.4. The impact of civil war on irrigated agriculture 20 5.3.0. Range 21 5.3.1. War Impact on Rangelands 22 5.4.