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Chapters Are Repeated in Spanish and English.] Canada’S National Forest Inventory Is an Interagency Partnership

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Chapters Are Repeated in Spanish and English.] Canada’S National Forest Inventory Is an Interagency Partnership Science Implementation Strategy for the North American Carbon Program Prepared for the U.S. Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering Group and Interagency Working Group by the North American Carbon Program Implementation Strategy Group A. Scott Denning Chair and editor The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Science Implementation Strategy for the North American Carbon Program July 2005 Prepared for the U.S. Carbon Cycle Scientific Steering Group (CCSSG) and Interagency Working Group (CCIWG) North American Carbon Program Implementation Strategy Group A. Scott Denning, chair and editor, Colorado State University Ram Oren, Duke University David McGuire, University of Alaska-Fairbanks Christopher Sabine, NOAA-Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Scott Doney, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Keith Paustian, Colorado State University Margaret Torn, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lisa Dilling, University of Colorado Linda Heath, USDA-Forest Service Pieter Tans, NOAA-Climate and Monitoring Diagnostics Laboratory Steven Wofsy, Harvard University Robert Cook, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sharon Waltman, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Arlyn Andrews, NOAA-Climate and Monitoring Diagnostics Laboratory Gregory Asner, Carnegie Institution of Washington John Baker, University of Minnesota Peter Bakwin, NOAA-Climate and Monitoring Diagnostics Laboratory (retired) Richard Birdsey, USDA-Forest Service David Crisp, NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory Kenneth Davis, Pennsylvania State University Christopher Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington Christoph Gerbig, Max Planck Institute, Jera, Germany David Hollinger, USDA-Forest Service Daniel Jacob, Harvard University Beverly Law, Oregon State University John Lin, Colorado State University Hank Margolis, Fluxnet-Canada Research Network & Université Laval Gregg Marland, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Herman Mayeux, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Chuck McClain, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center Brent McKee, Tulane University Chip Miller, NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory Steven Pawson, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center James Randerson, University of California-Irvine John Reilly, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Steven Running, University of Montana Scott Saleska, University of Arizona Robert Stallard, U.S. Geological Survey Eric Sundquist, U.S. Geological Survey Susan Ustin, University of California-Davis Shashi Verma, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Preparation of this report was sponsored by the following agencies of the United States Climate Change Science Program: • Department of Energy (DOE) • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • Department of Commerce (DOC) · National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) · National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) • National Science Foundation (NSF) • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) · Agricultural Research Service (ARS) · Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) · Economic Research Service (ERS) · Forest Service (FS) · Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) • Department of the Interior (DOI) · United States Geological Survey (USGS) Cover photo credits: Mark Harmon, Oregon State University (forest and boy) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (all others) Contact Information: U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 250 Washington, DC 20006 USA +1.202.223.6262 (voice) +1.202.223.3064 (fax) http://www.carboncyclescience.gov/ To obtain a copy of this report, place an order at the Global Change Research Information Office (GCRIO) website: http://www.gcrio.org/orders. Copies of the report in PDF format are also available on-line: http://www.carboncyclescience.gov/ Please cite this document as follows: Denning, A.S. et al. (2005) Science Implementation Strategy for the North American Carbon Program. Report of the NACP Implementation Strategy Group of the U.S. Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group. Washington, DC: U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Program, 68 pp. Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................1 Motivation ........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Overall Strategy for Synthesis and Integration....................................................................................................................7 Phasing of NACP Research ........................................................................................................................................................9 1.0 Question 1 (Diagnosis): What is the carbon balance of North America and adjacent ocean basins? What are the geographic patterns of fluxes of CO2, CH4, and CO? What are the sources and sinks, and how is the balance changing over time? ..............................................................................................................9 1.1 A hierarchical approach for large-scale, distributed terrestrial measurements........................................................9 1.1.1 Tier 1: Intensive local measurements of carbon stocks and fluxes, with process characterization......................10 1.1.2 Tier 2: Statistically-stratified measurements at intermediate scale and intensity .............................................11 1.1.3 Tier 3: Carbon accounting by measuring stocks of organic matter over time: Forest inventory data................13 1.1.4 Tier 4: Spatially extensive mapping of land cover, vegetation type, and ecosystem states ................................15 1.2 Quantification of combustion-derived CO2, CH4, and CO.....................................................................................17 1.3 Ocean measurements ...............................................................................................................................................18 1.3.1 Open ocean domain ........................................................................................................................................18 1.3.2 Coastal ocean domain......................................................................................................................................19 1.4 The atmospheric observing system: Ground stations, aircraft, and tall and short tower measurements...............21 1.5 Bottom-up integration: Spatially distributed modeling of carbon source and sink processes.................................25 1.5.1 Additional observations to drive source/sink models.......................................................................................26 1.5.2 Terrestrial ecosystem modeling .......................................................................................................................26 1.5.3 Carbon emission by fires.................................................................................................................................29 1.5.4 Hydrologic transfers and storage of action ......................................................................................................29 1.5.5 Fossil fuel emissions downscaling in space and time .......................................................................................29 1.5.6 Ocean carbon modeling ..................................................................................................................................29 1.5.7 Atmospheric modeling ...................................................................................................................................30 1.6 Top-down integration: Inverse modeling and model-data fusion...........................................................................30 1.6.1 Inverse modeling from atmospheric observations using tracer transport simulation ........................................30 1.6.2 Model-data fusion: Data assimilation into coupled models of the North American carbon cycle.....................31 1.7 Interdisciplinary intensive field campaigns ...........................................................................................................32 1.7.1 Overview of NACP intensive field experiments ..............................................................................................32 1.7.2 Strategy and motivation..................................................................................................................................33 1.7.3 Land measurements in the NACP intensives...................................................................................................33 1.7.4 Ocean measurements in the NACP intensives.................................................................................................34 1.7.5 Atmospheric measurements in the NACP intensives ......................................................................................34 1.7.6 Remotely sensed measurements in the NACP intensives ................................................................................34 1.7.7 Proposed conceptual designs for the NACP intensives....................................................................................34 iii 2.0 Question
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