< 557 IL6b (^ ^>^ no. 97 GEOLOGY OF THE GOREVILLE QUADRANGLE Johnson and Williamson Counties, Illinois
Russell J. Jacobson
Department of Energy and Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
BULLETIN 97 1992 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
'II llll II II, III I I I I I II 3 3051 00000 0079 GEOLOGY OF THE GOREVILLE QUADRANGLE Johnson and Williamson Counties, Illinois
Russell J. Jacobson
Contributions by Steven P. Esling and Thomas A. Leonard, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, and Leon R. Follmer, Illinois State Geological Survey
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BULLETIN 97 1992
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Morris W. Leighton, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 Cover photo Pounds Sandstone Member, Caseyville Formation, in Feme Clyffe State Park.
Printed by authority of the State of Illinois /1992/ 1200 CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
ABSTRACT 1
INTRODUCTION 3 Location 3 Climate and Land Use 3 Topography 4 Geologic Setting 4 Previous Studies 4
STRATIGRAPHY 7 Mississippian System 7 Kinkaid Limestone 7 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Contact 7 Pennsylvanian System 7 Caseyville Formation 7 Wayside Member 8 Battery Rock Sandstone Member 9 Drury Member 10 Pounds Sandstone Member 11 Tradewater Formation 11 Lower Tradewater Formation 12 Feme Clyffe shales and sandstones 12 Cedar Creek sandstone lentil 13 Lake of Egypt shales and sandstones 14 Murray Bluff Sandstone Member 15 Upper Tradewater Formation 16 Bethlehem sandstone lentil 17 Quaternary System 17 Surficial Geology 17
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND MINERALS 20 Minerals 20 Coal 20 Oil and Gas 20 Limestone 20 Sand and Gravel 20
REFERENCES 21
APPENDIXES 23 Appendix A Description of Rock Strata 23 Description of Measured Sections 23 Graphic Columns of Cores 29 Appendix B Oil Test Holes in Study Area 30 Summary of Formation Tops from ISGS Sample Study 30 Interpretation of Formation Tops from Geophysical Logs 31 Appendix C Analytical Data on Coal 32 Figures
1 Cooperative Geological Mapping Program, March 1992 3 2 Map showing the Goreville and surrounding 4 quadrangles
3 Geologic setting 5 4 Stratigraphic column of strata exposed in the Goreville 6 Quadrangle
5 Typical quartz pebbles in Battery Rock Sandstone in 8 Happy Hollow
6 Typical exposure of the Omar sandstone lentil of the 9 Wayside Member showing crossbedding
7 Battery Rock Sandstone bluff in Feme Clyffe State Park 9 in Happy Hollow 8 Typical exposure of the Dutchman Creek sandstone 10 lentil
9 Cliff of Pounds Sandstone in Feme Clyffe State Park 11 10 Pounds Sandstone along an Interstate 24 roadcut 11 11 Typical exposure of the Cedar Creek sandstone lentil 13 12 Example of abundant trace fossils in the Cedar Creek 14 sandstone
13 Shale at the base of the Cedar Creek sandstone 14 14 Good trace fossils (Zoophycos) in the Cedar Creek 15 sandstone 15 Shale (Lake of Egypt member) below Murray Bluff 15 Sandstone 16 Correlation chart of named coals found in the lower 16 Pennsylvanian of the Illinois Basin
17 Old adit in unnamed coal in Lower Tradewater 17 Formation 18 Exposure of Murray Bluff Sandstone in spillway of Lake 17 of Egypt
19 Typical exposure of the Bethlehem sandstone lentil 17 20 Quaternary stratigraphy of the Goreville Quadrangle 18
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The U.S. Geological Survey, under the Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (COGEOMAP), provided significant support for the research re- ported in this publication. Annual grants from 1985 through 1991 provided partial funding for the project, Geologic Mapping Along the Southern Clo- sure of the Illinois Basin. The geologic mapping of sixteen 7.5-minute quadrangles and the publi- cation of quadrangle maps (1:24,000 scale) and accompanying reports were the objectives of this project. The bedrock geology was mapped by geolo- gists of the Illinois State Geological Survey; the Quaternary geology was mapped by graduate students of Stephen P. Esling, Department of Geol- ogy, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. ABSTRACT
The Goreville Quadrangle is in stone. Shale and siltstones increase south-central Williamson and north- upward; the sandstones become central to northwestern Johnson more lithic, feldspathic, and mica- Counties, Illinois. The quadrangle ceous. Coal beds are rare, lenticular, is also near the southern edge of and associated with claystones. the Illinois Basin, and the bedrock Glacial till of Illinoian age (Glas- strata dip gently 1° to 5° north- ford Formation) covers parts of the northeast. Part of the Little Cache uplands in the northern quarter of Creek Fault Zone crosses the south- the quadrangle. Residuum (Oak east corner of the quadrangle. Formation), colluvium (Peyton For- Sedimentary rocks ranging from mation), and loess (Loveland Silt- Upper Mississippian (Chestei ian) Illinoian, Roxana Silt-Altonian, and to Middle Pennsylvanian (lower Peoria Silt-Woodfordian) mantle the Desmoinesian) age are exposed in uplands throughout the Goreville the quadrangle. The Mississippian Quadrangle. The Holocene Cahokia strata are restricted to the south- Alluvium occupies portions of the western corner of the quadrangle stream valleys. where up to 110 feet of the Kinkaid Coal was extracted from the Limestone is exposed. The Kinkaid study area in small slope and drift consists of limestone, shale, and mines during the early part of the claystone. The contact with the century. The coals (found in the Pennsylvanian rocks is marked by lower Tradewater) are discontinu- a significant unconformity. Penn- ous and lenticular and do not offer sylvanian strata are found through- much prospect for mining, except out the remainder of the Goreville perhaps to small local operators. Quadrangle and are subdivided Exploration has produced neither into two formations, the Caseyville oil nor gas; finding any significant and Tradewater. These strata (rang- oil and gas resources in the area is ing from 540 to 620 feet thick) con- unlikely. Substantial resources of sist primarily of sandstone, silt- limestone are present in the south- stone, shale, and minor amounts western part of the quadrangle in of coal and limestone. The basal the Mississippian Kinkaid Lime- portion of the Caseyville and lower stone. Active quarries are immedi- Tradewater Formations are primar- ately south of the Goreville quad- ily quartzose sandstones interbed- rangle. ded locally with gray shale and silt- Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/geologyofgorevil97jaco INTRODUCTION
Exploration for and development of and cottages around Lake of Egypt. averages 14 inches per year (Fehren- petroleum, coal, and other mineral Other roads are surfaced largely bacher and Walker 1964). resources benefit from detailed geo- with gravel and are generally pass- Forests cover approximately one- logic mapping. For example, much able in all weather. third of the Goreville Quadrangle. of the oil production in the Illinois Native trees are mainly oak, hick- Basin comes from lower Pennsylva- Climate and Land Use ory, and other hardwoods. Logging nian strata (Howard and Whitaker The climate of southern Illinois is is conducted on private land and in 1988) exposed along the southern warm and temperate. Average tem- the Shawnee National Forest. Many closure of the Illinois Basin. Knowl- peratures at New Burnside, Johnson farms (particularly those in the gen- edge of the coal resources of the County (6 miles east of the Goreville tly rolling uplands) cleared by set- lower Pennsylvanian is being ex- Quadrangle) are 35° F in January to tlers are abandoned and returning to panded significantly as a result of 79° F in July. Average rainfall is 45 forest. Cattle raising is the principal the ongoing Cooperative Geologic inches per year; late summer to farm activity today. Corn, soybeans, Mapping Program (COGEOMAP) early fall is the driest, and spring is winter wheat, sorghum, and hay are between the Illinois State Geological the wettest part of the year. Snowfall cultivated on rolling uplands in the Survey (ISGS) and the U.S. Geologi- cal Survey (USGS). The program in- cludes 15 quadrangles (fig. 1) and has been partially funded by the USGS since early 1985. The drought of summer 1988 highlighted the necessity for new water resources to be developed in southern Illinois. The new geologic quadrangle maps, including the Goreville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle map, should provide information on the occurrence of lower Pennsyl- vanian sandstones, which may be >^5£l!i? important aquifers. This descrip- tive report is a supplement to the ' Altenberg bedrock geology map of the Gore- A Bloomfield ville Quadrangle. B Much of the mapping in the Gore- CB Cobden Creal Springs ville Quadrangle has been at a scale \ CS Eddyville of 1:62,500, and the data presented \ ED are no longer adequate. These ear- / EQ Equality lier maps are based on limited infor- / GL Glendale mation and use nomenclature that is GV Goreville now obsolete. GR Gorham JB Jonesboro Location LC Lick Creek |-:-:-:-:-| Published before 1968 The Goreville Quadrangle is in M Makanda south-central Williamson County J Published in 1986, 1990, and 1991 MC Mill Creek and north-central to northwestern R Rudement |H Production in progress, to be published in 1992 Johnson County (figs. 1 and 2). This S Shawneetown compilation rural area includes only one town, Mapping and completed, ST Stonefort under review Goreville (population, 978). T Tamms Two U.S. Interstate Highways (I- Mapping completed, compilation in progress TH Thebes 57 and 1-24) traverse portions of the W Waltersburg Mapping in progress quadrangle. Other paved highways WL Wolf Lake Limit of and roads include Illinois Route 37, Pennsylvanian System Illinois Route 148, several east-west -""*— Major fault county roads, and numerous roads that connect the residences, cabins, Figure 1 Cooperative Geological Mapping Program (COGEOMAP), March 1992. northern part and on bottom lands along streams throughout the quad- rangle. A swath of the Shawnee National Forest crosses the Goreville Quad- rangle east to west, but the majority of land is in private hands. The U.S. Forest Service holds much of the for- ested land. Several parks and recrea- tional areas lie within the quad- rangle. The Lake of Egypt reservoir serves as a cooling lake for a coal- fired generating plant owned by a lo- cal electric power cooperative. The lake is a popular recreational area; cabins, cottages, as well as full-time residences have been built around the northern part of the lake. Largely undeveloped parts of the lakefront belong to the Shawnee Na- tional Forest or the power coopera- tive, and have picnic areas, access facilities for camping and boating, and hiking trails. South of Goreville, Feme Clyffe State Park includes nearly 4 square miles of scenic, for- ested sandstone bluffs. Numerous hiking trails are in the park, along with picnic and camping areas, fish- ing lakes, horseback trails, and swimming facilities. Topography The Goreville Quadrangle lies in the Shawnee Hills section of the physi- ographic province of the Interior Low Plateaus (Leighton et al. 1948). The Shawnee Hills are rugged bed- rock hills between the Mississippi Embayment to the south and the Figure 2 Map showing the Gore- (_ Central Lowlands to the north. The ville and surrounding quadrangles. Shawnee Hills consist of two main divisions, each with distinct topo- graphic and geologic features. The ters. A secondary southeast-trending sin (fig. 3). Rocks ranging from Cam- southern division, mostly outside bluff or escarpment is developed in brian to earliest Permian occur the quadrangle, is underlain by lime- the less massive sandstones of the within the basin. The present form stones, shales, and sandstones of Lower Tradewater Formation north of the Illinois Basin is primarily due Mississippian age. These strata pro- and east of the Pounds Escarpment. to structural movements that took duce a topography of gently to mod- Moderately to gently rolling up- place in the late Paleozoic. Mississip- erately rolling lowlands and broad lands, dissected by numerous steep- pian and Pennsylvanian strata in the alluviated stream valleys. The north- walled ravines trending north to quadrangle dip 1° to 5° north into ern division of the Shawnee Hills northeast, characterize the northern the basin. has a more rugged topography due three-quarters of the Goreville Quad- to erosion-resistant sandstones of rangle. Sandstones resistant to Previous Studies Pennsylvanian age. The Pounds Es- weathering cap upland surfaces and Brokaw (1916) examined the geol- carpment marks the southern limit form breaks in steep ravine slopes. ogy and oil possibilities for much of the Pennsylvanian outcrop belt. The highest elevations are found of southern Illinois. Weller and This escarpment crosses roughly the along the top of the secondary es- Krey (1939) mapped the bedrock southern one-third of the Goreville carpment north of the Pounds Es- immediately south of the Goreville Quadrangle and contains some of carpment. The area has a total relief Quadrangle at a scale of 1:62,500. the most scenic topography of Illi- of about 420 feet. Weller (1940) also studied the nois. Massive conglomeratic sand- geology and oil potential for most stones of the Caseyville Formation Geologic Setting of southern Illinois and produced produce steep bluffs, ravines, and The Goreville Quadrangle lies on a structure contour map that in- spectacular rock overhangs and shel- the southern edge of the Illinois Ba- cludes the Goreville Quadrangle. N.B. NewBurnside anticline McC. McCormick syncline F.F faulted flexure ^ monocline F.S. fault system -i Figure 3 Geologic setting (adapted from J. Treworgy 1981). — fault; ticks on downthrown side F.Z. fault zone Black rectangle indicates location of the Goreville Quadrangle. Jjt crypto-explosive or impact structure
He described and classified Upper dale Quadrangle immediately west em Illinois University at Carbondale Mississippian and Pennsylvanian of the Goreville Quadrangle. Strippa- have included studies of exposures strata in the area. Lamar (1925) pub- ble coal resources in the quadrangle in and near the Goreville Quadran- lished a detailed geologic map (scale were studied by Smith (1957). Sev- gle (Stanley 1980, Bohm 1981, Hak- 1:62,500) for the 15-Minute Carbon- eral unpublished theses from South- kio 1982, Sliva 1972, Randall 1970). This Report
^
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MA y '/nu/i/z- jv/jty Cedar Creek /////U//7JL _-\J) '
sandstone lentil
Pounds Sandstone ////>///// ° Member
Figure 4 Stratigraphic column of strata exposed in the Goreville Quadrangle. STRATIGRAPHY
Strata of Upper Mississippian (Ches- members: the Negli Creek Lime- PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM terian) through Middle Pennsylva- stone, Cave Hill Shale or Limestone, Only the two oldest formations of nian (lower Desmoinesian) age crop Goreville Limestone, and the Grove the Pennsylvanian System, the out in the Goreville Quadrangle (fig. Church Shale. Within the Goreville Caseyville and the Tradewater, are 4). The basic stratigraphic terminol- Quadrangle, the Grove Church present. These strata primarily con- ogy used in this report follows that Shale apparently is absent because sist of sandstone, siltstone, and given by Nelson et al. (1990) and of pre-Pennsylvanian erosion. The shale, and minor amounts of coal Willman et al. (1975); however, local Goreville Limestone (named for ex- and limestone. Units vary laterally terminology was considered appro- posures just south of the Goreville in composition and thickness; up- priate for some of the members and Quadrangle) and Cave Hill Mem- ward-fining sequences of sandstone beds. bers crop out, but the Negli Creek and siltstone give an impression of Member does not. Nelson described vertical repetition. The basal se- the upper two members of the for- quence of the formations consists of MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM mation from exposures at the aban- mostly quartzose sandstones inter- Mississippian-age strata of the doned quarry mentioned above bedded locally with thin layers of Kinkaid Limestone of the upper- (ISGS field notes 1987; measured sec- gray shale and siltstone. These sand- most Chesterian Series are restricted tion 1, appendix A). stones often contain quartz pebbles, to the southwest corner of the quad- and locally consist of quartz-pebble rangle. Older Mississippian strata conglomerates. Shale and siltstone are known only from three oil tests MISSISSIPPIAN- beds increase upward, and sand- (appendix B). PENNSYLVANIAN CONTACT stones become more lithic, feldspa- The contact of the Pennsylvanian thic, and micaceous. Coal beds are Kinkaid Limestone strata with the underlying rocks of rare, lenticular, and associated with The Kinkaid Limestone (or Forma- the Mississippian System is sharp claystones (underclays). tion), the youngest Mississippian and unconformable in the Gore- unit in the study area, crops out ville Quadrangle, as elsewhere in Caseyville Formation along the lower valley walls of the the basin. The elevation of the con- The Caseyville Formation crops southwestern end of Happy Hollow tact varies up to 60 feet within out through much of the southern in Feme Clyffe State Park (Sections short distances, and indicates an one-third of the Goreville Quadran- 28 and 33, T11S, R2E), and other erosional contact. This variation is gle. The massive sandstones in the tributaries of Buck Branch (Sections best illustrated in the northwest- formation, more than 100 feet thick 3 and 4, T12S, R2E). The unit is trending ravine in the NW NW, in some areas, produce large cliffs, poorly exposed; nonresistant lime- Section 3, T12S, R2E, where the ele- ledges, and steep slopes (figs. 5 to stones and shales form smooth, gen- vation of the Kinkaid top varies 10). The two major sandstones tle slopes, in contrast to the steep from 440 to 500 feet along the ra- (Pounds and Battery Rock Sand- bluffs formed by overlying Pennsyl- vine that roughly parallels strike. stone Members) form a stepped es- vanian sandstones. Vegetation, collu- At the time of mapping, sandy silt- carpment that trends northwest vium, and talus, consisting of blocks stones and interbedded, argilla- across the study area. Strike val- of sandstone float of the overlying ceous, thin sandstones were ob- leys along the gentle slopes be- Caseyville Formation (Pennsylva- served in direct contact with the tween the stepped bluffs of the nian), generally conceal the Kinkaid. underlying Kinkaid at the follow- massive sandstones indicate inter- About 50 to 110 feet of the ing locations: slope of ravine in NE vals of shale, siltstone, and shaley, Kinkaid is exposed in the quadran- SE, Section 33, T11S, R2E; SE cor- less massive sandstones, all of gle. The maximum thickness is ex- ner, Section 33, T11S, R2E; and which are commonly well covered posed at the extreme southwest north-center line of SW NE NE, by talus blocks from the overlying corner because of the gentle dip of and NW NW SW NW, Section 3, more massive sandstones. strata northeastward. In an aban- T12S, R2E. Exposures of the uncon- The composite thickness of the doned quarry (south center, Section formity also occur in the adjacent Caseyville in the south-central to 4, T12S, R2E), up to 80 feet of the Lick Creek Quadrangle to the west southwestern outcrop area ranges Kinkaid Limestone could be meas- (Nelson, personal communication, from 340 to 360 feet. Subsurface data ured, which helped in constructing 1989) and Vienna Quadrangle to indicate that the Caseyville may be the lowermost portion of the strati- the south. In the Vienna Quadran- as much as 380 feet thick. graphic column (fig. 4). gle, the contact is sharp, essentially The Caseyville is composed of The Kinkaid Limestone is di- horizontal, and concordant in ac- sandstones, quartz-pebble con- vided in ascending order into four tive quarries north of Buncombe. glomerates, siltstones, shales, and claystones. Minor amounts of coal have been found. Sandstones con- stitute 50% to 70% of the forma- tion; generally they are mature orthoquartzites with quartz con- tributing 75% to 95% of their con- stituents (Potter and Glass 1958, Potter 1963, Koeninger 1978). These sandstones are typically white to light tan on fresh surfaces, and rusty tan to yellow-orange with purple and reddish mottling on weathered surfaces. Quartz overgrowths are common, spar- kling in the sun where they are vis- ible on exposed surfaces. Casey- ville sandstone ranges from very fine to coarse sand, and locally grades to quartz-pebble conglomer- ate with particles at least 1 inch in diameter. Well-rounded white quartz pebbles and granules are typical of the Caseyville, but they also may be found as high as the Figure 5 Typical quartz pebbles in Battery Rock Sandstone in Happy Hollow (SE middle to upper part of the Lower SE SW, Section 33, T11S, R2E). Tradewater Formation. Although this characteristic generally is used A thin shaley coal was observed areas between are concealed by ta- to define the Caseyville, it should in the lower Caseyville in the ex- lus and colluvium. Where it is cov- be used with caution. Underlying treme southwestern portion of the ered, the unit's presence can be Chesterian sandstones in adjacent quadrangle (E 1/2 SW NE, Section inferred from the gentle slopes that quadrangles are orthoquartzites or 4, T12S, R2E). Coal also occurs in occur between the overlying bluffs protoquartzites (Pettijohn 1957) the middle of the formation just of massive sandstone and the lime- like the Caseyville sandstones, but south of the Goreville Quadrangle stones ledges of the Kinkaid below. they lack quartz pebbles. Quartz along Interstate 24, but none was The most complete exposure of pebbles in Caseyville sandstones found in the same interval in this the Wayside is in the north-trending generally are scattered throughout, quadrangle. ravine in the center of W 1 /2 NE, but locally they are concentrated Four previously named members Section 4, T12S, R2E (see measured along bedding planes and foreset of the Caseyville were mapped. In section 2, appendix A). The Wayside beds of crossbedded sandstones, ascending order they are Wayside, Member also is well exposed along and in conglomeratic lenses up to Battery Rock Sandstone, Drury (for- an old road down the hill slope in 10 feet thick (fig. 5). In some areas merly Drury Shale), and Pounds the SW corner, Section 34, T11S, R2E. lag pebbles are found, including Sandstone. In addition, two new in- The Wayside consists of sand- clasts of shale, ironstone, coal, and formal sandstone units, the Omar stone, siltstone, shale, and coal. As plant stems. The Caseyville sand- sandstone lentil (in the Wayside in the Caseyville, sandstone pre- stones are thin (less than 2 in. Member) and the Dutchman Creek dominates in the Wayside. Wayside thick) to massive bedded (thicker sandstone lentil (in the Drury Mem- sandstones generally are ortho- than 4 ft), with common trough to ber), were also mapped. quartzites (Potter and Glass 1958), planar crossbedding. but locally where they are interbed- Caseyville siltstones and shales Wayside Member This term is ded with shales and siltstones, they are typically light to dark gray. Silt- restricted to the basal Caseyville become very argillaceous (almost stones and silty to sandy shales gen- strata below the Battery Rock Sand- subgraywackes). These sandstones erally are lighter shades of gray, stone in south-central to southwest- are light grayish tan to yellowish whereas clay-shales are darker. Mica ern Illinois. A different term, the tan or yellowish orange and fine to flakes and carbonaceous debris are Lusk Shale (Kosanke et al. 1960), coarse grained. The quartz pebbles finely disseminated in the siltstones had been used for strata equivalent that are characteristic of the more and silty shales. Locally the darker to the Wayside Sandstone Member, massive sandstones of the Casey- shales contain well-preserved plant but Nelson et al. (1990) dropped ville Formation are not as common fossils (such as in the E 1/2 SW NE, Lusk Shale in favor of the name in the thinner and more argillaceous Section 4, T12S, R2E). Shales are Wayside Member. sandstones. Many of these sandstones strongly to weakly fissile. Siltstones Although the Wayside Member is are lenses that vary from 5 to 10 feet and silty shales are thinly lami- continuous throughout its outcrop thick. They are thin (less than 2 in. nated, vary from lenticular to con- belt in the south-central to southwest- thick) to medium bedded (2 in. to 2 ft tinuous and from parallel to wavy ern part of the quadrangle, exposures thick ), slabby, hard, and more or less bedded, and grade into or contain are generally poor. Usually the unit is tabular with gradational to uncon- thin sandstone beds and lenses. visible only in active ravines, and the formable contacts with the shales and ceous. Ripple marks, wavy bed- ding, and small load casts contain- ing ball and pillow sandstone structures are found also. Locally (in NW SW NW, Section 3, T12S, T2E) shales, siltstones, and thin-bed- ded sandstones of the Wayside are bioturbated. Coal is present as a mi-
nor constituent (measured section 2,
appendix A), but it could not be identified conclusively from paly- nological analysis by Peppers, (ISGS, written communication,
1987) because it lacked diagnostic spores. Contact with the overlying Bat- tery Rock Sandstone Member gener- ally is sharp and erosional. In a few areas where the Battery Rock is thin, basal contacts with the Wayside ap- pear to be gradational. The Wayside Member ranges from 50 to 100 feet thick. Figure 6 Typical exposure of the Omar sandstone lentil of the Wayside Member showing crossbedding (NW NE SW, Section 4, T12S, R2E). Battery Rock Sandstone Member The Battery Rock has been mapped in the Illinois fluor- spar mining area (Baxter et al. 1963, Baxter and Desborough 1965, Baxter et al. 1967), in the Eagle Valley area (Nelson and Lumm 1986a, 1986b, 1986c), and throughout the quadran- gles east and southeast of the Gore- ville Quadrangle (Nelson et al. 1990). West of the Goreville Quad- rangle, the Battery Rock has been traced through the adjacent Lick Creek Quadrangle to Interstate 57 (Nelson and Weibel, in preparation). The cliffs and bluffs of the Battery Rock Sandstone (the main mappable features of this unit) form the lower bench of the Pounds Escarpment, which extends across the south-cen- tral to southwestern portions of the quadrangle. Some of the thickest ex- posures are in the southern part of
Feme Clyffe State Park (fig. 7), par- Figure 7 Battery Rock Sandstone bluff in Feme Clyffe State Park in Happy Hollow ticularly along Happy Hollow (east (SE SE SW, Section 33, T12S, R2E). part of Section 28, T11S, R2E and northwest part of Section 33, T11S, siltstones. Wavy bedding surfaces stone disappears, and apparently is R2E) and in the northeast-trending with current and interference ripple cut out and replaced by the Battery valley (southeast to east-central part marks are common in the thinner Rock Sandstone. The lentil, as much of Section 33, T11S, R2E and west- bedded sandstones of this member. as 40 feet thick, is composed of ma- central part of Section 34, T11S, In the extreme southwestern por- ture, fine- to coarse-grained, quart- R2E). In these areas massive bluffs, tion of the quadrangle (Sections 4 zose sandstone; ranges from thin 80 to 120 feet high, are present. and 5, T12S, R2E, the east of Section (less than 2 in. thick) to massive The Battery Rock is a mature,
33, and the southwest of Section 34, bedded (greater than 4 ft); has scat- quartzose sandstone (i.e., ortho- T11S, R2E), a thick-bedded to mas- tered to locally abundant quartz quartzite of Potter and Glass 1958). sive cliff-forming sandstone, re- pebbles; and forms bluffs. Where fresh, the Battery Rock is ferred to as the Omar sandstone The siltstones and shales, the nearly white to tan, but it weathers lentil, occurs near the middle of the second most abundant lithology in to a light to medium gray, then to Wayside Member (fig. 6). North- the Wayside Member, are light to yellowish or reddish orange (espe- ward across the valley, this sand- dark gray and locally carbona- cially on outer surfaces) because of its iron content. Liesegang banding of iron stains develops locally. The sandstone is typically fine to coarse grained and pebbly, with local areas that are conglomeratic. The Battery Rock Sandstone weathers to a rounded, sugary textured surface with quartz pebbles protuding (fig.
5). Abundant quartz pebbles, 1/4 to more than 1 inch (6 to 25 mm) in di- ameter, characterize most of the out- crops of this sandstone. The pebbles are concentrated as lag deposits near the base of crossbed troughs and along the foreset beds. These pebble lags commonly form a dis- tinctive quartz-pebble conglomer- ate. The sandstone also commonly contains iron oxide nodules and lay- ers, which are prominent in parts of Happy Hollow in Feme Clyrfe State Park. Iron oxide layers, as much as 6 Figure 8 Typical exposure of the Dutchman Creek Sandstone lentil (SW SW SE, Sec- inches thick, have peculiar cracks tion 35, Tl IS, R2E). that resemble dessication cracks of some kind. The Battery Rock is mas- shortened to Drury Shale by Will- ange (weathered) and fine to me- sive (or massive appearing, i.e., man et al. (1975). Detailed geologic dium grained, but locally they are greater than 4 ft thick). It has large- mapping has provided evidence coarse grained with concentrations scale planar to trough crossbedding; that these strata may lie entirely of quartz pebbles. These sandstones ripple marks occur locally on sev- above what is mapped in the Gore- vary from thin (less than 2 in.) to eral bedding surfaces. ville Quadrangle as the Pounds thick bedding (2 to 4 ft). Ripple The contact of the Battery Rock Sandstone Member. If so, the Drury marks are common on most bed- Sandstone with the overlying Drury needs a major redefinition. Drury ding surfaces, but in the thicker bed- Member is poorly exposed because Member as used in this report fol- ded sandstones, common trough to the Drury slumps. Where this upper lows the usage established by Nel- planar crossbedding may be ob- contact is exposed, a gradational son et al. (1990). served. change in lithology is visible. The The Drury crops out from the One of these sandstones, the massive sandstone of the Battery south-central portion to the west- Dutchman Creek sandstone lentil, is Rock is overlain by medium to dark southwest part of the Goreville relatively continuous and was inter- gray siltstones and silty shales Quadrangle. The Drury, like the mapped on the quadrangle (fig. 8). It bedded with thin sandstones or Wayside Member, is not resistant to is an orthoquartzite, light to yellow thin, wavy-bedded, argillaceous weathering, and commonly erodes tan that locally weathers to orange- sandstones that contain siltstone in- to form a topographic bench be- yellow and commonly has orange-red terbeds. These lithologies fine up- tween the Battery Rock and the Liesegang banding. It is hard to fri- ward and imply that contact be- Pounds Sandstone Members. This able, varies from fine to coarse tween the Battery Rock Sandstone topographic expression was used as grained, and commonly contains and the Drury Member is grada- the primary means of mapping this quartz pebbles in conglomeratic tional. unit between the other two mem- zones. The Dutchman Creek sand- The Battery Rock ranges from bers of the Caseyville. Exposures of stone is medium (2 in. to 2 ft) to thick about 50 feet thick in the south-cen- the Drury are found only in rapidly bedded (2 to 4 ft) and typically trough tral part of the quadrangle to as eroding ravines. The most complete crossbedded, but some planar cross- much as 120 feet thick in the large exposure of the Drury is near-center bedding also can be found. The bluffs in the southwestern portions NE, Section 36, T11S, R2E, near and Dutchman Creek sandstone occurs of the quadrangle. Locally the sand- along a county road (measured sec- near the middle part of the Drury and stone may merge with the Omar tion 3, appendix A). forms ledges from 10 to 30 feet thick. It sandstone lentil of the Wayside in The lithology of the Drury Mem- unconformably overlies lower Drury the west-southwest part of the quad- ber is predominately shale and silt- shales and siltstones, cutting into them rangle. stone, but the sandstones, generally irregularly. It is best exposed in the cen- consisting of orthoquartzites, are ter NE, Section 36, T11S, R2E, in a valley Drury Member The Drury best exposed. Locally, where Drury along Dutchman Creek (measured sec- Shale and Sandstone Member was sandstones are interbedded with tion 3, appendix A). the name originally used by Lamar shales and siltstones, they become The shales are light to dark gray, (1925) for rocks exposed along less mature subgraywackes (Petti- micaceous, slightly silty, and inter- Drury Creek in Jackson County, john 1957, Potter and Glass 1958). grade with similar-looking mi- about 15 miles west of the Goreville Drury sandstones usually are light caceous siltstone and less mature Quadrangle. The name was later grayish tan (fresh) to yellowish or- sandstones of the member. These
10 Scout Cave (near center, Section 31, T11S, R3E); ravines and roadcuts w IPP^ along Interstate 24 (fig. 10) in the north-central portion of Section 5, T12S, R3E; the walls of the valley running through the SE corner, Sec- tion 32 and the middle of Section 33, T11S, R3E; and the bluffs running di- agonally across Section 4, T12S, R3E. Large scenic bluffs, falls, and over- hangs occur in nearly all these areas. Two sections (measured sections 4 and 5) from these areas that typify the Pounds Sandstone are described in appendix A. The Pounds and Battery Rock Sandstones are generally similar in lithology. Typically the Pounds is a mature orthoquartzite (Potter and Glass 1958). The sandstone is ferrugi- nous and typically light tan to white Figure 9 Cliff of Pounds Sandstone in Feme Clyffe State Park (center SW, Section when fresh, and weathers to rusty 22,T11S,R2E). tan with purple and reddish mot- tling where stained by iron oxides. Locally iron oxide stains produce Liesegang banding. The Pounds is fine to coarse grained and contains scattered quartz pebbles. Locally, the quartz pebbles form conglomeratic lenses. In some areas the sandstone contains iron oxide bands and nod-
ules. Even though it seems massive, the Pounds is largely planar to trough crossbedded, and cut-and-fill structures are common. The contact of the Pounds Sand- stone with overlying strata of the Lower Tradewater Formation is not normally seen. A distinct topo- graphic change, corresponding to the highest occurrence of the thick- to massive-bedded sandstone of the Pounds is easily found in the field Figure 10 Sandstone along an Interstate Pounds 24 roadcut (NE SE NW, Section 5, and aerial photos. A narrow zone of T12S, R3E). gradation from the thick and mas- sive Pounds Sandstone to medium- and thin-bedded sandstones latter facies are poorly exposed, but Pounds. The Drury Member in the of the Lower their dominance in the Drury Mem- quadrangle ranges from 50 to 70 feet Tradewater Formation oc- curs, but it is poorly exposed. This ber is demonstrated by the covered, thick. typically gentle slopes that charac- zone is considered to be part of the terize the field expression of this Pounds Sandstone Member Lower Tradewater Formation and member. Like the Battery Rock, the Pounds the contact between the Caseyville Coal occurs near the base of the Sandstone forms large bluffs or cliffs and Lower Tradewater Formations has been at the top of Drury Member in a roadcut along In- (fig. 9). The Pounds crops out from mapped mas- sive, terstate 24, immediately south of the the southeast edge to the west edge bluff-forming sandstone. Bluffs report area in the Vienna Quadran- of the Goreville Quadrangle, form- of the Pounds Sandstone range from gle; however, no evidence of coal in ing the upper bench of the Pounds 40 to about 100 feet high. the Drury was observed in the Gore- Escarpment. Tradewater Formation ville Quadrangle. Some of the more spectacular The contact of the Drury with the bluffs of Pounds Sandstone include The remaining strata on the Gore- ville Quadrangle are part of the overlying Pounds Sandstone is those at Feme Clyffe State Park (fig. Tradewater Formation. sharp and commonly erosional. 9; southern portion of Sections 21 The Trade- water Formation in the Goreville Shale clasts eroded from the Drury and 22 and most of Section 27, T11S, is subdivided are commonly found as pebbles in R2E); a ravine in the west-central Quadrangle into two informal lag concentrates near the base of the portion of Section 26, T11S, R2E; mapping units, the lower Tradewater and the upper Tradewa- Gl (NE SE SW SW, Section 28, T10S, stringers occasionally are associated ter. These two units were mapped R2E) contain 168 and 189 feet of the with them. originally as two separate forma- lower Tradewater Formation, respec- Lenticular coal beds were ob- tions, the Abbott and Spoon, but this tively (appendix A). served in the lower Tradewater For- earlier nomenclature was abandon- Lithologically, the lower Tradewa- mation at several sites. The Rey- ed midway through the COGEO- ter Formation is transitional be- noldsburg Coal Bed occurs near the MAP project. The term Tradewater tween the Caseyville Formation and base, and at least three unnamed was adopted from Kentucky and ap- upper Tradewater Formation. It con- coals occur near the middle of the plied to this interval of rocks in Illi- tains more shale, silty shale, and silt- formation. nois as part of an agreement with stone than the Caseyville, but less of Evidence of bioturbation and ma- the Indiana and Kentucky Geologi- these than the upper Tradewater. rine fossils are characteristic of the cal Surveys to standardize Pennsyl- Locally, sandstones of the lower middle to upper portions of the for- vanian terminology in the Illinois Tradewater are similar to those of mation in this area.
Basin. I found these two formations the Caseyville, but generally they One formal member and three in- in the Goreville Quadrangle still use- are more argillaceous. Accessory formal members of the lower Trade- ful as map units, and thus retained minerals, such as mica, feldspars, water were recognized and mapped them as two informal map units and lithic fragments, increase up- in the Goreville Quadrangle: Feme equivalent to the Abbott and Spoon ward in the section. According to Clyffe shales and sandstones; Cedar Formations. They were mapped to Potter and Glass (1958), these sand- Creek sandstone lentil; Lake of the east on the Creal Springs Quad- stones average about 83% quartz, Egypt shales and sandstones be- rangle by Trask and Jacobson (1990). 10% detrital matrix, 2.5% feldspar, tween the Cedar Creek and the Mur- Mapping to the west on the Lick 1.1% mica, and 2.5% rock fragments. ray Bluff Sandstone Member; and Creek Quadrangle has not enabled They designated these sandstones the Murray Bluff Sandstone Mem- us to differentiate these two infor- feldspathic quartzite. Sandstones in ber, which marks the top of the for- mal units of the Tradewater Forma- the lower Tradewater typically are mation. tion (Nelson and Wiebel, in light tan to gray when fresh, but preparation). upon weathering they become yel- Feme Clyffe shales and low-orange to reddish brown as a re- sandstones The Feme Clyffe Lower Tradewater sult of prominent iron oxide. Iron shales and sandstones comprise the Formation oxide stains also occur in fracture strata between the base of the lower The top of the lower Tradewater fillings and lenses within the sand- Tradewater and the base of the Ce- Formation is mapped as the top of stone. dar Creek sandstone lentil. The unit, the Murray Bluff Sandstone Mem- The lower Tradewater sandstones generally poorly exposed, is mappa- ber, which is thought to be a correla- are fine to coarse grained. Quartz ble across the eastern two-thirds of tive of the Bernadotte Sandstone pebbles typically are absent, but con- the quadrangle. In the western one- Member (Willman et al. 1975). The glomerates containing abundant, third of the quadrangle, where the lower Tradewater Formation under- large, quartz pebbles up to 1 /4 inch Cedar Creek gradually pinches out lies all but the southern one-third of in diameter have been found just be- and occurs only as discontinuous the Goreville Quadrangle. The Mur- low the Murray Bluff Sandstone at lenses, the boundary between the ray Bluff Sandstone forms the north- several locations in the quadrangle Feme Clyffe and Lake of Egypt ernmost cuesta in the Pennsyl- (W 1/2 NE, Section 21, T11S, R3E, members must be projected on the vanian escarpment. North of the es- and near-center NW, Section 16, basis of unit thicknesses. carpment, the beds of the upper T11S, R2E). In addition, common The Feme Clyffe member con- Tradewater Formation dip gently quartz pebbles were actually found sists of gray siltstones and mi- northeastward, producing a topog- within the Murray Bluff in one loca- caceous, silty gray to dark gray raphy of gentle, rolling uplands dis- tion (center SE, Section 16, T11S, shales that contain interbeds and sected by numerous deeply incised, R3E). Conglomerates consisting of lenses of thin-bedded, fine-grained, northeast-flowing streams that shale pebbles and sparse coal and argillaceous sandstone. Locally, drain into Lake of Egypt. In these siderite clasts also are fairly com- most of the interval consists of a valleys the top of the Murray Bluff mon in lower Tradewater sand- whitish tan to yellowish orange, Sandstone Member forms a sharp stones. These sandstones vary from fine-grained sandstone that contains break in the slope between the gen- thin (less than 2 in.) to massive bed- large-scale trough to planar cross- tle uplands, underlain by strata of ded (more than 4 feet thick), and bedding showing cut-and-fill struc- the upper Tradewater Formation, commonly are trough to planar tures. and the steep-sided valley walls, ex- crossbedded. A good exposure of this informal posing strata of the upper lower Shales, silty shales, and siltstones unit was not found in the quadran- Tradewater Formation (mostly sand- in the lower Tradewater Formation gle, but two drill cores (Gl and G2, stone, mapped as part of the Mur- are similar to those in the Casey- appendix A) penetrated the entire in- ray Bluff). ville. They vary from light to dark terval. In addition, a roadcut just Composite measured sections in- gray, are commonly micaceous, and south of the Goreville Quadrangle dicate that the lower Tradewater are interbedded with thin, fine- along Interstate 24 (NW NW, Sec- Formation exposed at the surface in grained argillaceous sandstones. tion 8, T12S, R3E) has a good expo- the Goreville Quadrangle is 140 to The darker shales generally contain sure of the sandstone facies 170 feet thick. Drill holes G2 (NE SE variable amounts of carbonaceous (measured section 6, appendix A). NW NW, Section 25, T11S, R2E) and material, and thin coal beds or coal
12 A lenticular coal found near the Tradewater (see log of drill hole G2 roadcut in the SW NW SW, Section base of the Feme Clyffe member is in appendix A). The unit has been 32, T11S, R3E, and the third, near considered to be equivalent to the traced westward from the Creal drill hole G2 in a ravine below a Reynoldsburg Coal Bed. The Rey- Springs Quadrangle (Trask and power line in the NE NE, Section 26, noldsburg Coal has been mapped in Jacobson 1990, Nelson et al. 1990) to T11S, R2E (measured sections 8 and parts of the Creal Springs Quadran- the Goreville Quadrangle. 9, appendix A). gle to the east (its type area, Trask The Cedar Creek is most continu- The Cedar Creek sandstone var- and Jacobson 1990) and in the Stone- ous in the eastern two-thirds of the ies from a orthoquartzite to a sub- fort Quadrangle (Nelson and Lumm Goreville Quadrangle. Drill hole G2 graywacke. The freshly exposed 1990, Nelson et al. 1990). The coal (NE SE NW NW, Section 25, T11S, sandstone is light gray to light tan; bed occurs in the same stratigraphic R2E) penetrated 56 feet of Cedar upon weathering, it becomes yel- position and is palynologically Creek sandstone in the area where it lowish orange to reddish brown. equivalent to the Reynoldsburg ac- is most continuous (appendix A). In The sandstone in this unit is fine to cording to Peppers (ISGS, written the western one-third of the quad- coarse grained, and usually has local communication, 1987). However, its rangle, the Cedar Creek becomes dis- shale/siltstone pebble conglomer- continuity with the exposures to the continuous, forming local sandstone ates near the middle and base of the east cannot be demonstrated. lenses that grade upwards into heav- unit. Locally, the sandstone contains Two outcrops of the Reynolds- ily bioturbated shales and siltstones. iron oxide nodules and bands. Liese- burg Coal were observed in the Drill hole Gl, (NE SE SW SW, Sec- gang banding may be present where Goreville Quadrangle. In the weath- tion 28, T10S, R2E) recovered 34 feet the unit is relatively thick. Gray silty ered and slumped outcrops near- of the Cedar Creek (appendix A). shale, siltstone, and light gray clay- center, Section 5, T12S, R3E and in The northeastward extent of the Ce- stone up to 2 feet thick are com- roadcuts on both sides of Interstate dar Creek sandstone is unknown be- monly interbedded with the sand- 24, the coal ranges from to 2.2 feet cause of the lack of borehole data stone, especially in the lower por- thick. The coal also was found in a and outcrops. tions of this unit. Bioturbation, char- gully in the NW, Section 31, T11S, Three excellent exposures of the acteristic of the Cedar Creek, R3E, where it is about 1 foot thick. Cedar Creek sandstone occur in the especially in the lower and upper Coal beds described in drill holes Gl Goreville Quadrangle. The best ex- portions, is particularly common in (at 297.4 ft) and G2 (at 181 ft) also posure (fig. 11 and measured section shale/siltstone pebble conglomer- were correlated by use of palyno- 7, appendix A) is in a northeast- ates. Vertical and horizontal feeding morphs with the Reynoldsburg Coal trending ravine in and near center, traces are most commonly Zoophyais (Peppers, ISGS, written communica- Section 29, T11S, R3E. In this area, and Conosticus (fig. 14). tion, 1988). The Reynoldsburg Coal the Cedar Creek is 20 to 30 feet The Cedar Creek sandstone, thin has not been mined in the Goreville thick, and the bioturbation (fig. 12) (less than 2 in.) to medium bedded
Quadrangle; however, immediately and basal shale pebble conglomerate (2 in. to 2 ft) in most places, is locally south in the Vienna Quadrangle, the (fig. 13) are well developed. The sec- thick bedded (more than 2 ft). coal was mined in a small surface ond noteworthy section of the upper Trough to planar crossbedding is mine in the NE corner, Section 8 and Cedar Creek and overlying strata common where the sandstone the SE corner, Section 5, T12S, R3E. was measured in an Interstate 24 reaches its maximum thickness. The Feme Clyffe member rests on top of the Pounds Sandstone Mem- ber. This basal contact, as previously mentioned, is gradational. Contact between the two units was placed at the top of the thick- to massive-bed- ded sandstone of the Pounds to fa- cilitate mapping. The base of the overlying Cedar Creek sandstone lentil forms the upper contact of the Feme Clyffe unit. The presence of abundant lag pebbles of shale in the basal Cedar Creek demonstrates that this upper contact is primarily erosional. Actual exposures of this contact in the field are rare; there- fore, it was mapped at the base of the better exposed, resistant sand- stones in the Cedar Creek. The Feme Clyffe member varies from 30 to 45 feet thick in the Gore- ville Quadrangle.
Cedar Creek sandstone lentil
The Cedar Creek sandstone lentil Figure 11 Typical exposure of the Cedar Creek sandstone lentil (center of Section occurs near the middle of the lower 29,T11S, R3E).
13 Bedding surfaces commonly exhibit abundant ripple marks. The lower portion of the Cedar Creek seems to be in erosional contact with the un- derlying silty gray shales and silt- stones of the Feme Clyffe, as implied by abundant conglomerates of shale lag pebbles. The Cedar Creek sandstone becomes finer grained upward and grades into overlying shale of the informal Lake of Egypt unit. The Cedar Creek sandstone lentil ranges from 40 to 65 feet thick and locally pinches out in the western parts of the quadrangle.
Lake of Egypt shales and sandstones Between the top of the Cedar Creek sandstone lentil and the base of the overlying Mur- ray Bluff Sandstone Member, the Figure 12 Example of abundant trace fossils in the Cedar Creek sandstone (center lower Tradewater Formation con- of Section 29, T12S, R3E). sists of shales, siltstones, interbed- ded sandstones, and several thin coal beds. This interval is equivalent ,-;:;C: \ - to the informal middle Abbott mem- ber on the adjacent Creal Springs Quadrangle (Trask and Jacobson 1990). A good exposure of the Lake of Egypt member is in a ravine run- ning through the W 1/2 NE, Section 23, T11S, R2E (fig. 15). Approxi- mately 15 feet of shale in this inter- val is exposed in this section (measured section 10, appendix A). The Lake of Egypt member is poorly exposed and contains mostly silty, medium gray, dark gray, or dark olive-gray shale, siltstone, and claystone. Grayish, fine-grained, ar- gillaceous sandstone lenses and beds are interbedded with them. These lenses are thin to medium Figure 13 Shale at the base of the Cedar Creek sandstone (center of Section 29, bedded and locally crossbedded. Lo- T11S, R3E). Note the roll-like structures. cally, sandy limestones and dolo- mites containing marine fossils have been found (drill hole Gl, appendix coals confirm that three separate much as 3 feet thick, occurs below A). Conglomerates containing abun- coals are represented. These coals the sandstone. Claystone and shale
dant, large, quartz pebbles up to 1/4 represent the most important strati- are above and below it. Small de- inch in diameter occur in the Lake of graphic part of this otherwise poorly pressions or pits near the coal out- Egypt just below the Murray Bluff exposed unit, and they are of local crop may have been mine adits or Sandstone in several locations in the economic interest. prospect holes. Palynological analy- quadrangle (W 1/2 NE, Section 21, Three coal outcrops have been ses (macerations 2979 and 2980) by T11S, R3E, and near-center NW, Sec- found. Coal stringers and coaly black Peppers (ISGS, written communica- tion 16, Tl IS, R2E). shale crop out beneath a sandstone in tion, 1987) indicate an age similar to A zone with as many as three dis- the northwest-running ravine in the that of the Smith coal bed of western continuous coals occurs in the Lake W 1/2 NE, Section 21, T11S, R3E. The Kentucky (fig. 16). of Egypt (cores Gl and G2, appen- sandstone consists of a quartz-pebble Along the south and southeast dix A). Some of these coals have conglomerate, coal fragments, and face of a hill in the NW 1/2, Section been mapped at three separate loca- clasts. In addition, the sandstone con- 32, T11S-R3E, a 1-foot-thick coal oc- tions. Palynological analyses by Pep- tains many plant fragments and im- curs in a ditch along Interstate 24, pers (ISGS, written communications, pressions of branches and bark. A and 2 feet of coal crops out in two ra- 1987 and 1988) on samples of these shaley coal or coaly dark shale, as vines along the southeast face of the
14 sional contact with the overlying Murray Bluff Sandstone. In the Goreville Quadrangle, the Lake of Egypt shale and sandstone member is 20 to 60 feet thick.
Murray Bluff Sandstone Member The type locality of the Murray Bluff is at a hill called Mur- ray Bluff in southern Saline County, about 15 miles east of the Goreville Quadrangle. Nelson et al. (1990) and Trask and Jacobson (1990) mapped the Murray Bluff Sandstone Mem- ber westward from the type locality to the Goreville Quadrangle. The Murray Bluff in this quadrangle is mapped as the uppermost member of the lower Tradewater Formation. The thick sandstones of the Mur- ray Bluff Member form a cuesta that Figure 14 Good trace fossils (Zoophycos) in the Cedar Creek sandstone (from NE trends northwest-southeast across NE Section 26, T11S,R2E). the south half of the quadrangle, forming a drainage divide. North of this cuesta, streams in steep-walled ravines in the Murray Bluff drain north to northeast toward Lake of Egypt. The north to northeastward dip-slope of the sandstone forms a barrier to erosion and supports the uplands between the ravines, which are capped by a thin veneer of shales, siltstones, and sandstones of the upper Tradewater Formation. The Murray Bluff Sandstone is composed of mainly quartz, but mica, ferromagnesian minerals, rock fragments, and feldspar are com-
mon, giving it a "salt and pepper" appearance. The general term feld- spathic quartzite would best de- scribe sandstones of the Murray Bluff (Potter and Glass 1958); how- ever, locally, feldspathic subgray- wacke is a better description for Figure 15 Shale (Lake of Egypt member) below Murray Bluff Sandstone these sandstones because they are ar- (in the north-center of Section 23, T11S, R2E). gillaceous. Like other lower Trade- water sandstones, the Murray Bluff hill. Both coal outcrops, in a narrow T11S, R2E, a coal has been mined in is tan or light gray where fresh, but outlier of Lake of Egypt, are just be- a series of small adits just beneath yellowish orange to reddish brown low the massive Murray Bluff Sand- the overlying massive- to thick-bed- when weathered because of iron ox- stone and a short distance above the ded Murray Bluff Sandstone. Large ide staining. The unit is very ferrugi- Cedar Creek sandstone. Mining has coal piles are present, but an outcrop nous and has Liesegang bands, iron occurred in the more northern of the of the coal was not found. Paly- oxide deposits along joints, and hon- two ravines. Some adits are still nological analysis of the coal (mac- eycomb weathering features. The open and piles of coal are still pres- eration 3059) from the piles suggests sandstone varies from fine to coarse ent (fig. 17). The palynological analy- that this coal also is equivalent or ap- grained. It reaches maximum thick-
sis of this coal (maceration 3056) by proximately equivalent in age to the ness where it is coarse. The fine- Peppers (ISGS, written communica- Bell coal. grained facies tends to be thinner tions, 1987) indicates that it is Sandstone in the lower portion of and argillaceous, and contains local equivalent or approximately equiva- the Lake of Egypt unit grades verti- clay, gray shale, and siltstone part- lent to the Bell coal bed of Kentucky cally and laterally into the Cedar ings up to 4 feet thick. At maximum (fig. 16). Creek sandstone, and like the latter, thickness, the Murray Bluff contains In ravines along the face of the is commonly bioturbated. The upper small, scattered quartz pebbles and bluff in the center NE, Section 26, part of the unit is typically in ero- granules. A quartz-pebble conglom-
15 erate resembling conglomerates in the Caseyville Formation also was CO LU 1X1 z LU QC z CC observed in the unit near-center SE, cc lu CC z Section 16, T11S, R3E. The lower CO LU CrJeo Pa < z co z So Z z z part of the Bluff in drill 1- o- < Murray < f UJZ LU Z o o CO t_ LU z t- cE §ij X _l 1- 5 1— z w . holes Gl and G2 (appendix A) is 0- O 0- < d < z 5 > LU O o 3 2 rj — > * thoroughly bioturbated. In approxi- i£*- z 2 2 QC Q o QC O CC CC
16 In the Goreville, the upper Trade-
' water Formation ranges from 50 to MmM 70 feet thick. Bethlehem sandstone lentil The Bethlehem sandstone (fig. 19) is named after the Bethlehem Church, 1/4 mile west of the center of Sec- tion 8, T11S, R3E. It is the only unit in the upper Tradewater Formation
locally mappable. It caps several hills, including the hill on which the church is built, and is fairly wide- spread in valleys near the northeast corner of the quadrangle, just north- east of Lake of Egypt. The Bethle- hem is somewhat argillaceous and micaceous, contains abundant dark ferromagnesian grains, and can be Figure 17 Old adit in unnamed coal in Lower Tradewater Formation (in center of described as a subgraywacke (Potter Section 32, Tl IS, R3E). and Glass 1958). The sandstone, typi- cally reddish to yellowish orange, fine to coarse grained, and very fri- able, also has a case-hardened sur- face. The sandstone is medium bedded (2 in. to 2 ft thick) to mas- sive bedded (more than 4 feet thick). Its thickness ranges from 10 to 30 feet.
QUATERNARY SYSTEM
Surficial Geology
Surficial is used often to describe the materials that cover the older Paleo- zoic bedrock. These materials formed during the Quaternary Pe- riod, the most recent geologic time during which glaciers advanced from what is now Canada into Figure 18 Exposure of Murray Bluff Sandstone in spillway of Lake of Egypt (NE southern Illinois. NW NW, Section 25, T10S, R2E). The physiography and Quater- nary deposits of the Goreville Quad- rangle are similar to those of the Creal Springs, Stonefort, and Eddy- ville Quadrangles located eastward. Esling et al. (1991) describe the surfi- cial deposits and physiography of these quadrangles. Leonard (1989) provides particle-size and clay-min- eralogy analyses, and complete de- scriptions of several upland bore- hole sections in the Goreville Quad- rangle. Much of the summary pro- vided in this report is from Esling et al. (1991) and Leonard (1989). Figure 20 shows the stratigraphic interpretation of the surficial depos- its of the Goreville Quadrangle. The oldest deposit of Quaternary age overlies the bedrock and has been in- formally named the Oak formation Figure 19 Typical exposure of the Bethlehem sandstone lentil (NE part of the quad- by Esling et al. (1991). This forma- rangle near the NE SE NE, Section 8, T11S, R3E). tion is primarily in situ weathered
17 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY PEDOSTRATIGRAPHY
Holocene Stage Modern Soil
Valderan/Greatlakean 0) Peyton Cahokia O) Substage Fm Fm 2 (0 uj 55 1- to Twocreekan Substage .5? c 82 (0
lllinoian Stage Glasford Fm Teneriffe Silt Loveland Silt
Pre-lllinoian Oakfm Yarmouth Soil
Figure 20 Quaternary stratigraphy of the Goreville Quadrangle (Nelson et al. 1991).
material, but it also includes rede- The maximum southern extent of land Silt is primarily loess but it posited stratified material in places. continental glaciation in North may include redeposited silt in Parts may be older but no means of America reached the area of Gore- places. It overlies the Oak formation dating the formation have been ville Quadrangle during the llli- and is buried by the Roxana Silt. found. The Oak formation com- noian. The glacial boundary lies Leonard (1989) described the Love- monly is found on upland bedrock about 1 mile south of the William- land Silt in only one section in the surfaces and occasionally on hill- son and Johnson county lines in the Goreville Quadrangle. The Love- slopes and under alluvium in val- area of Lake of Egypt. The Glasford land Silt in this section is leached, leys. The formation consists of fine- Formation covers parts of the up- yellowish brown, and 8 inches thick. grained material with a soil fabric lands north of the glacial boundary. Apparently the postdepositional ero- (peds, natural aggregates, and bio- This formation mainly consists of II- sion in the area has removed the logical pores). The lower boundary linoian-age till and related diamic- Loveland Silt from many upland po- is gradational in most cases and ton (mixture of clay, silt, sand, and sitions. The development of Sanga- characterized by a distinct change in pebbles). It usually overlies the Oak mon Soil has altered the unit consistency or increased hardness. formation and is buried by the Rox- completely, creating a weathering The upper contact is an unconform- ana Silt. The Glasford Formation ob- profile of B horizon, showing blocky ity that ranges from abrupt to grada- served in the upland areas of the structure and biological pores. tional into the overlying younger Goreville Quadrangle is discontinu- The Roxana Silt is mainly the result units, which commonly contrast in ous, leached of carbonates, and of loess deposition during the late Al- color, fabric, and texture. On the up- weathered to yellowish brown and tonian time of the Wisconsinan. The lands in the study area, the Oak for- strong brown. Its maximum ob- Roxana in the Goreville Quadrangle is mation is overlain by the Loveland served thickness is 15 feet. The Glas- laterally continuous and overlies the Silt, the Glasford Formation, or the ford Formation typically has a silt Oak formation, the Glasford Forma- Roxana Silt. In the valleys, it is over- loam texture (greater than 50% silt) tion, or unweathered bedrock. Leon- lain by the Cahokia Formation or and displays pedogenic features of ard (1989) described one section the Teneriffe Formation. The Oak is the Sangamon Soil. The Glasford where the Roxana Silt overlies the typically a silt loam, leached of car- Formation also has been observed in Loveland Silt. The Roxana Silt is bur- bonates, weathered to a strong valley fills in the region. In Grassy ied throughout the Goreville Quad- brown, and is up to 4.3 feet thick on Creek, 5 miles west of the Goreville rangle by the Peoria Silt. At most stable upland positions in the Gore- Quadrangle, Glasford Formation locations the Roxana is a silt loam, ville Quadrangle. The Oak forma- diamicton (probably till, a diamicton leached of carbonate minerals, weath- tion usually shows pronounced deposited from glaciers) was found ered to a dark yellowish brown, and pedologic features, including well- at the bottom of the fill sequence. ranging from 3.3 to 5 feet thick. Platy developed soil structure (fabric) and This diamicton is greenish gray, cal- pedogenic structure, a characteristic clay films on ped faces (coatings or careous, unweathered, and has a of the Farmdale Soil in southern Illi- aggregates). Where overlain by the uniform silty texture and an illitic nois, developed in the unit. Roxana Silt, this paleosol (buried clay mineralogy. The Peoria Silt, also called Peoria soil) is correlated with the Sanga- Willman and Frye (1970) as- Loess, was deposited during the mon Soil. Where overlain by the signed the term Loveland Silt to un- Woodfordian Subage of the Wiscon- Loveland Silt, the paleosol is corre- differentiated silt deposits of sinan (McKay 1979). It is the surfi- lated with the Yarmouth Soil. lllinoian age that occur south of the cial deposit on the upland of the lllinoian glacial boundary. The Love- study area and overlies the Roxana
18 Silt in most places. The Peoria is a deposits. The Teneriffe was not en- narrow tributary valleys where silt loam to silty clay loam, leached countered in the Goreville Quadran- streams flow on rock. Interpreted by of carbonates, typically weathered gle, but it is described in the Creal Willman and Frye (1970) as Holo- to a yellowish brown, and ranges Springs Quadrangle, where it is as cene-age alluvial deposits, the Ca- from 1.5 to 5 feet thick. The modern much as 33 feet thick. If the unit oc- hokia Formation may overlie the soil is developed in the Peoria Silt curs in the Goreville Quadrangle, it Oak formation or the Teneriffe For- and has modified many of its origi- will be within valleys south of the mation. No sections of the Cahokia nal characteristics. glacial boundary that contain are described in the Goreville Quad- The Peyton Formation overlies streams flowing north. In the east rangle, but data from the Creal the Peoria Silt and includes all sedi- side of the quadrangle, these valleys Springs, Stonefort, and Eddyville ment deposited by mass wasting now are inundated partially by Lake Quadrangles suggest a unit com- and slopewash at the base of slopes of Egypt. In the Creal Springs Quad- posed of predominantly alluvial ma- (colluvium) from the end of the Wis- rangle, the Teneriffe overlies bed- terial derived from the surrounding consinan to the present. The Peyton rock or the Oak formation and is uplands. The unit in these quadran- consists of reworked loess and resid- buried by the Cahokia Formation. gles generally is leached of carbon- uum containing clasts of bedrock. The unit's texture varies from clay to ates and weathered to various The unit generally is thin, exposing sand, which increases near the top. shades of brown and yellowish bedrock in adjacent areas. Colors range from brown to yel- brown near the surface; unweath- The headwater area of several lowish brown near the top to bluish ered, the unit is gray and bluish tributaries to the Saline River in the gray, greenish gray, and gray with gray with depth. The unit generally north half of the Goreville Quadran- depth. Distinct pedogenic charac- has a silt loam texture, but texture gle may contain deposits of theTe- teristics, including a clay-enriched can vary from loamy sand, sandy neriffe Formation, a unit composed Bt horizon of the Sangamon Soil, de- loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, to of Illinoian ice-marginal lacustrine veloped in the upper portion of the loam. The thickness of the Cahokia deposits. Willman and Frye (1980) Teneriffe Formation. Formation varies considerally and discussed the origin of the ice-mar- The Cahokia Formation is the sur- may exceed 26 feet in broad valleys. ginal lakes, and Riggs (1990) pre- face deposit in all the valleys of the sented detailed descriptions of the Goreville Quadrangle, excluding the
19 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND MINERALS
The Goreville Quadrangle is lo- erating in Illinois prefer the thicker cated near the southern edge of the and more widespread coals of the Limestone Illinois Basin and strata dip gently upper Tradewater and younger for- Substantial resources of limestone 1° to 5° north-northeast toward the mations. are present in the southwestern por- structural center of the basin. Struc- Little information is available on tion of the quadrangle where the ture contours drawn on top of the the extent or quality of the coals be- Kinkaid Limestone crops out. Sev- Murray Bluff Sandstone Member yond the coal crop. Chemical analy- eral quarries were operated in the show this structural trend (Jacob- ses of the Reynoldsburg Coal in Kinkaid immediately south of the son 1991). cores Gl and G2 show the samples study area in the Vienna Quadran- The Little Cache Creek Fault to have a sulfur value in excess of gle; one is still active. One small Zone in the southeast corner of the 3% (appendix C). Analysis of the abandoned quarry in the Kinkaid is quadrangle dips steeply eastward "Smith coal" from hole Gl indicated present in the Goreville Quadrangle and strikes 10° east of north. The an even higher sulfur content, ex- near center, Section 3, T12S, R3E. As fault has a breccia zone as well as a ceeding 9% (appendix C). The or- much as 110 feet of Kinkaid is pres- steep slickensided scarp. The fault ganic sulfur content ranges between ent in the weathered outcrop slope juxtaposes Caseyville Formation on 0.4% and 0.6%, which is remarkably in the extreme southwest corner of the west side against lower Tradewa- low for coals with such high sulfur the Goreville Quadrangle. ter strata on the east side. The east content. Ash contents also are fairly In the active quarry north of Bun- side of the fault is part of a graben low. Heating values are high as one combe (1.5 miles south of the Gore- roughly 1,800 feet wide that trends would expect in this southern Illi- ville Quadrangle on Illinois Route somewhat northeastward. The gra- 37), limestone from the Goreville, ben contains nonresistant shales and Cave Hill, and Negli Creek Mem- interbedded sandstones of the Lake Oil and Gas bers of the Kinkaid Limestone is be- of Egypt Formation. Only three oil or gas wells have ing quarried. The Missouri Pacific been drilled in the Goreville Quad- Railroad runs north-south through rangle. Two of the wells, county the quadrangle and serves the Bun- MINERALS numbers 59 (Parrish Community combe Quarry. Good roads and the No. 1, NE SW SW, Section 24, T11S, active railroad will provide excellent Coal R2E) and 2104 (Rendleman No. 1, transportation for limestone mining Small-scale coal mining for local con- SE SW NE, Section 26, T10S, R2E), in the Goreville Quadrangle. sumption occurred in the Goreville were slightly more than 2,200 feet Quadrangle during the early part of deep, and bottomed in the Mississip- Sand and Gravel the 20th century and possibly be- pian Ste. Genevieve Limestone. The Localized lenses of sand and gravel fore. The mining consisted of small third well, county number 25 (J. were observed in a few outcrops of adits driven into hill slopes where lo- Boner No. 1, E 1 /2 of W 1 /2, SW glacial deposits, which intermit- calized coals of the lower Tradewa- NE, Section 30, T11S, R3E), reached tently blanket parts of the northern ter Formation cropped out. The 4,165 feet deep in the Devonian portion of the quadrangle, along discontinuous, lenticular nature of Clear Creek chert. No evidence of some streams and hill tops. These these coals has discouraged explora- oil or gas was reported in these sand and gravel deposits may be tion in the area. Coal companies op- wells. useful for minor local fill.
20 — —
REFERENCES
latin Illinois: Illinois Baxter, J. W, and G. A. Desborough, in a Paleovalley at Mississippian- County, State 1965, Areal Geology of the Illinois Pennsylvanian Unconformity Geological Survey, Illinois Geo- Fluorspar District, Part 2—Kar- near Hardinville, Crawford logic Quadrangle 1, scale 1:24,000.
bers Ridge and Rosiclare Quad- County, Illinois: A Model Paleo- Nelson, W. J., and D. K. Lumm, rangles: Illinois State Geological geomorphicTrap: Illinois State 1986b, Geologic Map of the Equal- Survey, Circular 385, 40 p. Geological Survey, Illinois Petro- ity Quadrangle, Gallatin and Sa- line Illinois: Illinois Baxter, J. W., G. A. Desborough, and leum 129, 26 p. Counties,
C. W. Shaw, 1967, Areal Geology Jacobson, R. J., 1991, Geologic Map State Geological Survey, Illinois of the Illinois Fluorspar District: of the Goreville Quadrangle: Illi- Geologic Quadrangle 2, scale Part 3—Herod and Shelterville nois State Geologic Survey, Illi- 1:24,000.
Quadrangles: Illinois State Geo- nois Geologic Quadrangle 7, scale Nelson, W. J., and D. K. Lumm, logical Survey, Circular 413, 41 p. 1:24,000. 1986c, Geologic Map of the Rude-
Baxter, J. W., P. E. Potter, and F L. Kempton, J. P., 1981, Three-Dimen- ment Quadrangle, Saline County, Doyle, 1963, Areal Geology of the sional Geologic Mapping for En- Illinois: Illinois State Geological Illinois Fluorspar District: Part 1 vironmental Studies in Illinois: Survey, Illinois Geologic Quad- Saline Mines, Cave-in-Rock, Dek- Illinois State Geological Survey, rangle 3, scale 1:24,000.
oven, and Repton Quadrangles: Environmental Geology Notes Nelson, W. J., and D. K. Lumm, Illinois State Geological Survey, 100, 43 p. 1990, Geologic Map of the Stone- Circular 342, 43 p. Koeninger, C. A., 1978, Regional fa- fort Quadrangle: Illinois State Brokaw, A. D., 1916, Preliminary Oil cies of the Caseyville Formation Geological Survey, Illinois Geo- Report on Southern Illinois (Lower Pennsylvanian) south- logic Quadrangle 6, scale 1:24,000. Parts of Saline, Williamson, Pope, central Illinois: Southern Illinois Nelson, W.J., D.K Lumm, R.J. Jacob-
and Johnson Counties: Illinois University, Carbondale, M.S. the- son, C.B. Trask, and J. A. Devera State Geological Survey, Bulletin sis, 124 p. (with contributions by R.A. Pep-
35, p. 19-37. Kosanke, R. M., J. A. Simon, H. R. pers and C.P. Weibel), 1991, Geol- Bohm, S. M., 1981, Regional facies of Wanless, and H. B. Willman, ogy and Minerals of the Eddy- the Caseyville Formation (Lower 1960, Classification of the Penn- ville, Stonefort and Creal Springs Perm.) in Johnson and Pope sylvanian Strata of Illinois: Illi- Quadrangles, southern Illinois: Il- Counties, Illinois: Southern Illi- nois State Geological Survey, linois State Geological Survey, nois University, Carbondale, M.S Report of Investigations 214, 84 p. Bulletin 96, 85 p.
thesis, 110 p. Lamar, J. E., 1925, Geology and Min- Nelson, W. J., and C P. Weibel, in Esling, S. P., L. R. Follmer, E. D. Hen- eral Resources of the Carbondale preparation, Geologic Map of the derson, M. S. Lammon, and M. H. Quadrangle: Illinois State Geo- Lick Creek Quadrangle: Illinois Riggs, 1991, The surficial geology, logical Survey, Bulletin 48, 172 p. State Geologic Survey, Illinois
in J. W. Nelson et al., Geology and Leighton, M. M., G. E. Ekblaw, and Geologic Quadrangle, scale Minerals of the Eddyville, Stone- L. Horborg, 1948, Physiographic 1:24,000. fort, and Creal Springs Quadran- divisions of Illinois: Journal of Ge- Owen, D. D., 1856, Report on the
gles: Illinois State Geological ology^. 56, no. 1, p. 16-53. Geological Survey in Kentucky Survey, Bulletin 96, 85 p. Leonard, T. A., 1989, Stack unit map- Made During the Years 1854 and
Fehrenbacher, J. B., and G. O. ping of the Goreville Quadrangle 1855: Kentucky Geological Sur- Walker, 1964, Soil Survey, John- and characterization of the glacial vey Bulletin, Series l,v. 1, 416 p.
son County, Illinois: University of deposits near the Illinoian glacial Pettijohn, F. J., 1957, Sedimentary Illinois, Urbana, Agricultural Ex- boundary, southern Illinois: Rocks (2nd edition): Harper and periment Station, Soil Report 82, Southern Illinois University, Car- Brothers, New York, 718 p. 72 p. bondale, M. S. thesis, 139 p. Potter, P. E., 1963, Late Paleozoic Hakkio, L. B., 1982, Petrology, pa- McKay, E. D., 1979, Wisconsinan Sandstones of the Illinois Basin: Il- leoecology, and depositional envi- loess stratigraphy of Illinois, in linois State Geological Survey, Re-
ronment of a micritic limestone in J. A. Lineback et al., Wisconsinan, port of Investigations 217, 92 p. the Cave Hill Member of the Sangamonian, and Illinoian Stra- Potter, P. E., and H. D. Glass, 1958, Kinkaid Formation (Miss., Ches.) tigraphy in Central Illinois: Illi- Petrology and Sedimentation of in southern Illinois: Southern Illi- nois State Geological Survey, the Pennsylvanian Sediments in nois University, Carbondale, M.S. Guidebook 13, p. 95-108. Southern Illinois—A Vertical Pro-
thesis, 83 p. Nelson, W. J., and D. K. Lumm, file: Illinois State Geological Sur- Howard, R. H, and S. T. Whitaker, 1986a, Geologic Map of the vey, Report of Investigations 204, 1989, Hydrocarbon Accumulation Shawneetown Quadrangle, Gal- 60 p.
21 Randall, J. W., 1970, Environments Stanley, R. G., 1980, Trace fossils and liminary Geologic Map of the of deposition and paleoecology the environment of deposition of Mississippian Formations in the of the Cave Hill Member, the Caseyville and lower Trade- Dongola, Vienna, and Brownfield Kinkaid Formation (Upper Mis- water Formations (Lower Penn- Quadrangles: Illinois State Geo- sissippian) in southern Illinois: sylvanian) of southern Illinois: logical Survey, Report of Investi- Southern Illinois University, Car- Southern Illinois University, Car- gations 60, 11 p.
bondale, M. S. thesis, 150 p. bondale, M. S. thesis, 110 p. Willman, H. B., and J. C Frye, 1980,
Riggs, M. H., 1990, The surficial geo- Trask, C. B., and R. J. Jacobson, 1990, The Glacial Boundary in South- logic mapping and Quaternary Geologic Map of Creal Springs ern Illinois: Illinois State Geologi- history of the Creal Springs Quadrangle, Illinois: Illinois State cal Survey, Circular 511, 23 p. Quadrangle, southern Illinois: Geological Survey, Illinois Geo- Willman, H. B., E. Atherton, T. C.
Southern Illinois University, Car- logic Quadrangle 4, scale 1:24,000. Buschbach, C. Collinson, J. C
bondale, M. S. thesis, 172 p. Treworgy, J. D., 1981, Structural Fea- Frye, M. E. Hopkins, J. A. Line-
Sliva, T. W., 1972, Lower Caseyville tures in Illinois—A Compen- back, and J. A. Simon, 1975, (Lower Pennsylvanian) Deposi- dium: Illinois State Geological Handbook of Illinois Stratigra- tional Environments, Union and Survey, Circular 519, 22 p. phy: Illinois State Geological Sur-
Johnson Counties, Illinois: South- Weller, J. M., 1940, Geology and Oil vey, Bulletin 95, 261 p.
ern Illinois University, Carbon- Possibilities of Extreme Southern Willman, H. B., and J. C Frye, 1970, dale, M. S. thesis, 46 p. Illinois, Union, Johnson, Pope, Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Illi- Smith, W. H., 1957, Strippable Coal Hardin, Alexander, Pulaski, and nois: Illinois State Geological Sur- Reserves of Illinois, Part 1 —Gal- Massac Counties: Illinois State vey, Bulletin 94, 199 p. latin, Hardin, Johnson, Pope, Sa- Geological Survey, Report of In- line, and Williamson Counties: vestigations 71, 71 p. Illinois State Geological Survey, Weller, S., and F. F. Krey (with contri- Circular 228, 38 p. butions by J.M. Weller), 1939, Pre-
22 APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF ROCK STRATA Al Descriptions of Measured Sections, Top to Base
(from ISGS field notes on file in Map Room)
Measured Section 1 Exposures of the Kinkaid Limestone in an aban- doned quarry in the south-center of Section 4, T12S, R2E
Thickness Description
22 ft Goreville Limestone Member, at top of quarry highwall. Light to medium gray limestone; fine to very coarse crinoidal biosparite, no shale; chert nodules fairly common, beds a few inches to about 2 feet thick; undulating laminations; weathers to rounded surfaces. Sharp contact.
60 Cave Hill Shale Member, subdivided as follows:
13 Mudstone, greenish gray to gray and dark red, very soft, clay- like, calcareous; upper and lower 5 feet are greenish gray; near middle is zone of red clay with nodular masses of ocher- colored, highly argillaceous limestone. Sharp contact.
10 Limestone, light to medium gray, weathers yellowish gray; micritic, dense, rare sparry patches and veins; beds a few inches to about 3 feet thick; rare thin interbeds of dark gray shale, also olive to yellow-gray calcareous shale; some beds nodular. Gradational contact.
5 Limestone and shale. Limestone, medium to dark gray, weathers yellowish gray, micritic, dense, splintery; occasional whole gastropods and productid brachiopods, filled or re- placed by coarse spar; limestone beds tabular, locally lentic- ular; 2 to 10 inches thick; interbeds of dark gray, firm, very thinly laminated calcareous shale, 1 to 6 inches thick. Sharp undulating basal contact.
5 Shale, dark gray, moderately firm, calcareous, thinly and reg- ularly laminated beds of limestone, medium to dark gray; weathers gray to yellowish brown; micritic, dense, siliceous, argillaceous; some beds fairly tabular, others consist of zones of nodules, some largely replaced by chert and partially dolomitized. Sharp basal contact.
5 Limestone, upper part medium to dark gray, weathers light to medium gray; micritic, dense; thinly bedded at top; some beds with fine parallel laminations, lower part thicker, mas- sive beds; very siliceous, partly replaced by chert; a few thin interbeds of dark gray to brown calcareous shale. Basal con- tact undulates possibly erosional.
1.5-1.8 Limestone and shale, very hard, brittle, dark gray, calcare- ous shale at top, underlain by a zone of dark gray, micritic, dense limestone in irregular, nodular masses; at base yellow- ish brown shaley, siliceous, dolomitic limestone; all layers un- dulate. Basal contact sharp and planar.
23 8.5 Limestone, dark gray, weathers light grayish brown; micritic, sublithographic, very dense and splintery; highly siliceous; bands and nodules of black chert, mainly in upper part. Beds a few inches to 2 feet thick and tabular. Thin shale interbeds in lower part.
10 Limestone, similar to above, but less silicified; tabular beds as much as 3 feet thick, separated by beds of olive-gray calcare- ous mudstone several inches thick. Shaly interbeds intensively burrowed.
Base of quarry
Measured Section 2 Nearly complete exposure of the Wayside Mem- ber is in a north-trending ravine running through the center W 1/2 NE, Section 4, T12S, R2E.
Thickness Description
5 Shale, medium gray; becomes silty upward; rooted through- out; locally contains fossil plant remains (Pteridosperm); basal shale nearly black and thinly laminated.
3.4 Shale, black, highly organic, contains stringers of coal, par- ticularly toward the top; plant material includes Lepidophloios, Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, Pteridosperm and Calatnite axes, and seeds (Pachytesta).
10 Shale, medium to dark gray, soft, clayey, rooted at top; sparse plant fossils; thin-bedded shaley sandstone on west branch of stream.
3 Siltstone and very fine-grained sandstone, light to medium gray, thin bedded, shaley; may be rooted at top; exposed at fork in stream.
2-6 Omar sandstone lentil, white to light gray, very fine to fine grained with rare granules of quartz; thick lenticular bedding, locally crossbedded; forms ledge, erosional contact.
11 Sandstone, white to light gray, very fine grained; thinly lami- nated; siltstone laminae, interference ripples throughout.
4 Covered, probably same sandstone as above.
8 Sandstone, white to light gray, very fine to fine grained, quartzose, irregular thin to medium bedding; ironstone clasts near base; forms ledge (base of Omar sandstone); erosional contact.
18 Siltstone to very fine-grained sandstone, thinly laminated, ripple marks throughout; some parallel laminations; upper portion slumped, deformed bedding, ball, and pillow struc- tures.
0.7 Shale, light gray, silty, noncalcareous, well laminated. MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM
11 Kinkaid Limestone, Goreville Limestone Member, light to medium gray, fine to coarse crystalline, pure, bioclastic with abundant crinoids and Archimedes; beds 4 to 24 inches thick, slightly wavy.
Base of section
24 Measured Section 3 Nearly complete exposure of Drury Member of Caseyville Formation, center NE, Section 36, T11S, R2E, near and along a county road.
Thickness Description
25-30 Dutchman Creek sandstone lentil, light gray, weathers to yellowish orange; fine- to coarse-grained, clean quartzose sand, common to abundant quartz pebbles; medium to thick bedded; forms ledges all around the hills flanking the ravines.
20 Shale and siltstone, mostly covered interval consisting of shale and siltstone as below.
5-6 Siltstone to silty sandstone, medium gray; micaceous; irregu- larly laminated.
2 Sandstone, yellow to tan; fine grained; medium bedded.
15 Siltstone to silty sandstone, medium gray; micaceous; irregu- larly laminated.
10-15 Battery Rock Sandstone Member, reddish yellow to tan; medium to coarse grained; quartz pebbles and granules com- mon; massive to thick; and irregularly bedded.
Base of section
Measured Section 4 Typical Pounds Sandstone, Caseyville Formation, section along bluff, NE, Section 4, T12S, R3E
Thickness Description
60 Pounds Sandstone Member, light tan to yellowish tan; fine to coarse grained; clean, quartzose, scattered quartz pebbles to local conglomeratic zones of pebbles; iron oxide Liesegang banding common; appears massive, but is commonly cross- bedded; forms steep bluffs.
50 Covered, probably shales and siltstones of Drury Member.
40 Battery Rock Sandstone Member, light tan to yellowish tan; medium to coarse grained; clean, quartzose, quartz peb- bles common, local conglomeratic zones of pebbles; massive, internally crossbedded, forms ledges, only upper part exposed above stream floor.
Base of section
Measured Section 5 Typical Pounds Sandstone, Caseyville Formation, section along bluffs, NW, Section 31, T11S, R3E
Thickness Description
70-100 Pounds Sandstone Member, light tan to yellowish tan; fine to coarse grained, clean, quartzose, scattered to com- mon quartz pebbles, locally abundant, forming conglomeratic lenses; thick to massive in appearance, internally trough and planar crossbedded.
Base of section
25 Measured Section 6 Sandstone facies in Feme Clyffe member, lower Tradewater Formation, upper part of roadcut Interstate 24, NW NW, Sec- tion 8, T12S, R3E
Thickness Description
9 Sandstone body, white, weathers buff, iron oxide staining; fine grained to very fine grained, grains subangular to sub- rounded, well sorted; quartz is dominant; oxidized clay chips common; planar and asymmetrical crossbedding; low- amplitude ripples where sorting is poor; structureless where sorting is good; paleocurrent directions are south-southwest.
12 Sandstone and siltstone. Sandstone, dark brown, weathers deep purple; fine to medium grained, subrounded grains, abundant quartz; some oxidized clay chips and wood frag- ment casts; sandstone occurs as thick to thin lenses that have filled scours in siltstone. Siltstone, white, weathers light gray, fine grained, parts easily along bedding planes; thin to very thin bedded; deposits draped over sandstone lenses; rip- ple lamination common; paleocurrent directions are west- southwest. Sharp contact with overlying sandstone.
0-3 Shale and siltstone. Shale, black, carbonaceous, thin bedded. Siltstone, dark brown, weathered a rusty brown, grains suban- gular; siltstone forms thin lenses within shale (flaser bedded).
0-2.2 Reynoldsburg Coal Bed, shiny black luster; impressions of large trees and roots (Lepidodendron and Sigillaria); reaches maximum thickness in the northern end of the roadcut in channel-like depression. Sharp contact.
10-12 Siltstone and shale locally missing. Siltstone, light brown, weathers rusty brown and orange; subangular grains; thin bedded, ripple bedded; fills irregularly eroded surface on underlying shale; grades into overlying shale. Shale, gray, slightly silty, carbonaceous, thin bedded to laminar. 46 Pounds Sandstone Member
Base of section
Measured Section 7 Exposure of the Cedar Creek sandstone lentil, Lower Tradewater Formation, in a northeast-trending ravine in and near center, Section 29, T11S, R3E.
Thickness Description
20-30 Sandstone, medium gray to tan; fine to coarse grained; mica- ceous, argillaceous; thin to medium bedded, irregularly bed- ded with common crossbedding, cross bed sets typically 2 to 6 inches thick; bedding surfaces commonly ripple-marked with well-developed linquoid ripples; micaceous gray siltstone to shale interlaminae common, especially in basal 3 to 4 feet; bio- turbated in lower part, shale/siltstone pebble conglomerate near base. Gradational contact.
2-5 Shale and siltstone, medium to dark gray; very micaceous; thin sandstone interlaminae contain roll-like structures with coal stringer and stigmarian rootlets at contact with overlying sandstone (fig. 14).
Base of section
26 Measured Section 8 Upper Cedar Creek sandstone and overlying strata, Interstate 24 roadcut in the SW NW SW, Section 32, T11S, R3E
Thickness Description
1-1.5 Coal, weathered in ditch.
10 Shale, fissile; medium to dark gray.
1 Claystone, olive gray to deep purplish or reddish brown in top 6 inches; rooted.
5 Sandstone, grayish brown; fine grained.
1.5 Claystone, olive gray, purple where in contact with underly- ing and overlying sandstone; contains little silt.
10 Cedar Creek sandstone lentil with interbedded clayey silt- stone to silty claystone; sandstone tan to purplish tan, weath- ers orange brown to black; fine grained; contains scattered black blebs less than 1 mm in diameter; beds, 1 to 1.5 feet thick, contain numerous horizontal and vertical burrows, a few U-shaped burrows; locally crossbedded and lenticular; cut-and-fill structures; many sandstone beds are eroded and truncated by overlying sandstone lenses; interbedded shales range from 1.5 to 2 feet in thickness and are fissile, tan to light gray, purplish near bounding sandstone and sandstone lenses within the shale; finely disseminated mica.
Base of section
Measured Section 9 Cedar Creek sandstone in a ravine below a power line in the NE NE, Section 26, T11S, R2E
Thickness Description
20-30 Murray Bluff Member, light gray, weathers yellowish or- ange; fine to medium grained; argillaceous and micaceous; medium to thick bedded, trough crossbedding common; base obscured.
20 Mostly covered, appears to consist of gray shale and clay- stone; old small adits to southwest indicate possible presence of coal.
50 Cedar Creek sandstone lentil, tan to medium gray; coarse to fine grained, particularly coarse grained and friable in up- per portion; medium to thick bedded; extensively bioturbated with conspicuous Zoophycus and Conosticus trace fossils; whitish gray claystone and medium gray siltstone interbed- ded in upper portion; base not exposed.
Base of section
27 Measured Section 10 Exposure of the Lake of Egypt member, lower Tradewater Formation, W 1/2 NE, Section 23, T11S, R2E
Thickness Description
50-60 Murray Bluff Member, light tan gray, weathers yellowish orange; fine to medium grained; crossbedded, thin to massive bedded. Sharp, unconformable contact.
15 Lake of Egypt shale and sandstone member, shale blue- greenish gray to olive gray; silty, fissile; well laminated.
Base of section
Measured Section 1 1 40-foot exposure of the Murray Bluff Sandstone in the spillway of Lake of Egypt, near NW corner, Section 25, T10S, R2E
Thickness Description
35-40 Murray Bluff Sandstone Member, tan to purple or yel- lowish orange; fine to medium grained; argillaceous; thin and irregular beds at top, thick to massive beds in lower por-
tions; exposure consists of several large paleochannel fills in a stacked cut-and-fill relationship; shale partings, medium gray, separate several of the lower channel fills.
Base of section
28 A2 Graphic Columns of Cores Drill Hole Gl, NE SE SW SW, Section 28, T10S, R2E, Williamson County Drill Hole G2, NE SE NW NW, Section 25, T11S, R2E, Johnson County
surficial material
sandstone
crossbedded sandstone :///// argillaceous sandstone with shale partings
sandstone with interbedded shale and siltstone
gray shale
black to dark gray shale
coal
T^TTT] stigmaria rooting
claystone
sandy dolomite
siderite
© marine fossils
plant fossils
Q/) burrows; trace fossils
29 APPENDIX B OIL TEST HOLES IN STUDY AREA (FORMATION TOPS) Bl Summary of Formation Tops from ISGS Sample Study
J. Boner No. 1, Tunnel Hill Oil Co. E 1/2 W 1/2 SW NE, Section 30, T11S, R3E, Johnson County County number 25, elevation 766 ft
Thickness Depth Formation / System (feet) (feet)
Surface 75 0-75 Pennsylvanian System, undiff. 450 75-525 Mississippian System 3475 525^000 Kinkaid Limestone 230 525-755 Degonia Formation 85 755-840 Clore Formation 64 840-904 Palestine Sandstone 64 904-968 Menard Limestone 147 968-1115 Waltersburg Sandstone 5 1115-1120 Vienna Limestone 55 1120-1175 Tar Springs Sandstone 108 1175-1283 Glen Dean Limestone 151 1283-1336 Hardinsburg Sandstone 72 1336-1408 Haney Limestone 117 1408-1525 Fraileys Shale 75 1525-1600 Cypress Sandstone 115 1600-1715 Ridenhower Formation 49 1715-1764 Bethel Sandstone 41 1764-1805 Renault Limestone 88 1805-1893 Aux Vases Sandstone 61 1893-1954 Ste. Genevieve Limestone 396 1954-2350
St. Louis Limestone 214 2350-2564 Salem Limestone 334 2564-2898 Ullin Limestone 745 2898-3643 Fort Payne Formation 125 3643-3768 Springville Shale 42 3768-3710 Chouteau Limestone 7 3810-3817 Mississippian and Devonian 183 3817-4000 New Albany Group 183 3817-4000 Devonian System 165 4000-4165 Alto Formation-Grand Tower Limestone 116 4000-4116 Clear Creek Chert 49 4116-4165
30 B2 Interpretation of Formation Tops from Geophysical Logs
Rendlemen No. 1 Parrish Comm. No. 1 Walter Day Co. Eber McEndree SE SW NE 26-10S-2E NESWSW 24-11 S-2E Williamson Co. Johnson Co.
31 APPENDIX C ISGS ANALYTICAL DATA ON COAL (HOLES Gl AND G2)
Ash free, 1 vlineral matter Mineral matter Item As received Moisture free dry free, dry free, moist
Drill Hole Gl, 197.4 to 198.4 ft depth, Smith coal bed
Moisture 3.0 — — — 3.8 Volatile matter 36.0 37.1 44.3 41.2 39.7 Fixed carbon 45.2 46.6 55.7 58.8 56.5 High-temperature ash 15.8 16.3 — — — Sulfate sulfur .3 .309 .369 — — Pyritic sulfur 9.27 9.55 11.41 — — Organic sulfur .42 .43 .52 — — Total sulfur 9.99 10.29 12.30 — — Heating value (Btu/lb) 11,896 12,259 14,648 15,308 14,722
Drill Hole Gl, 298.4 to 299.5 ft depth, Reynoldsburg Coal
Moisture 2.8 — — — 3.3 Volatile matter 38.1 39.2 44.0 42.3 40.9 Fixed carbon 48.4 49.8 56.0 57.7 55.8 High-temperature ash 10.7 11.0 — — — Sulfate sulfur .070 .072 .081 — — Pyritic sulfur 5.53 5.69 6.39 — — Organic sulfur .54 .56 .62 — — Total sulfur 6.14 6.32 7.10 — — Heating value (Btu/lb) 12,835 13,207 14,838 15,228 14,723
Drill Hole G2, 181.0 to 182.0 ft depth, Reynoldsburg Coal
Moisture 3.5 — — — 3.8 Volatile matter 36.3 37.6 40.5 39.5 38.0 Fixed carbon 53.2 55.2 59.5 60.5 58.2 High-temperature ash 6.9 7.2 — — — Sulfate sulfur .050 .052 .056 — — Pyritic sulfur 2.72 2.82 3.03 — — Organic sulfur .47 .49 .52 — — Total sulfur 3.24 3.36 3.61 — — Heating value (Btu/lb) 13,268 13,744 14,803 15,013 14,441
32