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Entre Raves Et Réalité (« Une Ethnologie De La Culture Techno »), Lyon, Mémoire De Maîtrise D’Ethnologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2000, 173 P

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Entre Raves Et Réalité (« Une Ethnologie De La Culture Techno »), Lyon, Mémoire De Maîtrise D’Ethnologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2000, 173 P EEEnnntttrrreee rrraaavvveeesss eeettt rrréééaaallliiitttééé ««« uuunnneee eeettthhhnnnooolllooogggiiieee dddeee lllaaa cccuuullltttuuurrreee ttteeeccchhhnnnooo »»» Direction : François LAPLANTINE Année de soutenance : juin 2000 Université : Lyon II Note aux Internautes Ce mémoire est la propriété d’Anthony Beauchet. Vous pouvez le consulter gratuitement, reprendre des idées en précisant la source : Beauchet Anthony, Entre raves et réalité (« une ethnologie de la culture techno »), Lyon, Mémoire de Maîtrise d’ethnologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2000, 173 p. Vous pouvez contacter Anthony ([email protected]) pour discuter de ses écrits : Bonne lecture SSOOMMMMAAIIRREE 2 PREAMBULE.................................................................................................................9-11 INTRODUCTION GENERALE .......................................................................................12-22 I. SOCIETE « OCCIDENTALE » ET EMOTION .......................................................................................................13 II. LE RAPPORT DE L’ETHNOLOGUE A SON TERRAIN : LES CONSTATS.........................................................14 III. PROBLEMATIQUE, HYPOTHESES ET PLAN D’ETUDE ....................................................................................16 A. Problématique et hypothèses.........................................................................................................16 B. Plan de l’étude..................................................................................................................................17 IV. LE CADRE THEORIQUE DE L’ETUDE ................................................................................................................18 A. L’interactionisme .............................................................................................................................18 B. La métaphore théâtrale ...................................................................................................................18 V. LA METHODOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................20 A. L’observation participante ..............................................................................................................20 B. Le vocabulaire de la « techno »......................................................................................................21 HISTOIRE DE L’ELECTRONIQUE ................................................................................23-62 I. HISTOIRE DE LA TECHNOLOGIE ET DE LA TECHNIQUE................................................................................26 A. La technologie et l’univers électronique .......................................................................................26 1. Luigi Russolo : un exemple d’expérimentation du son ...............................................26 2. 1910-1980 : le travail du son (instruments et techniques) ...........................................27 3. Les années 1980 : l’ère informatique en pleine expansion..........................................28 4. Les années 1990 : la « Techno » devient culture..........................................................29 5. Le rapport de l’homme à la machine .............................................................................30 B. La technique et ses utilisateurs .....................................................................................................31 1. Le DJ : moteur de la fête « techno » ..............................................................................31 a. Evolution du statut de DJ................................................................................31 b. Les définitions du DJ ......................................................................................32 2. La technique du mix ........................................................................................................35 a. Le matériel........................................................................................................36 b. Le rapport du DJ à ses vinyles .......................................................................36 c. Apprentissage et difficultés du mix ...............................................................38 d. Technique du mix ou live ?.............................................................................40 3. La composition ou ce qui se cache derrière le vinyle..................................................40 a. Composition et technique...............................................................................40 3 b. Que signifie « composer » dans l’univers « techno » ? ...............................41 c. L’utilisation de l’échantilloneur (ou sampler) ...............................................43 C. Le label indépendant : une logique différente des Majors...........................................................44 II. HISTOIRE SOCIALE ET CULTURELLE : DES ETATS-UNIS A L’EUROPE.......................................................46 A. Naissance de la « Techno » aux Etats-Unis ..................................................................................46 1. Le Disco : 1976-1985 .......................................................................................................46 a. Le Disco : une musique-source ? ..................................................................46 b. « L’invention » du Disco .................................................................................47 c. Les définitions du Disco .................................................................................47 d. Le Disco dans la logique capitaliste ..............................................................48 2. La House : une musique « underground »....................................................................49 a. New-York : invention du mix avec le Garage ................................................49 b. Le contexte du milieu des années 1980 aux Etats-Unis...............................49 c. Naissance de la House à Chicago..................................................................50 3. La Techno : remise en question des conceptions musicales de « l’Occident »........51 a. Détroit : une ville-fantôme...............................................................................51 b. L’émergence de la Techno à Détroit ..............................................................52 c. Vers une nouvelle conception musicale........................................................53 d. L’Europe et la Techno .....................................................................................53 B. Naissance de la culture « techno » en Europe..............................................................................54 1. L’Allemagne : entre influence et « commercial »..........................................................54 a. Kraftwerk : une influence pour la Techno de Détroit ...................................54 b. La Love Parade de Berlin : de « l’underground » au « commercial » .........55 2. La Grande Bretagne : de la culture Acid-House à la répression.................................56 3. La France : exemple de la région lyonnaise..................................................................58 a. Une Histoire française de la « techno » aux tendances ethnocentriques ..58 b. L’émergence d’une culture « techno » à Lyon..............................................59 c. Lyon : « capitale de la répression » en France .............................................59 d. Les publics « techno » à Lyon........................................................................60 e. Que reste-t-il de la culture « techno » à Lyon ? ............................................61 C. La « techno » d’Ibiza à Goa : un phénomène universel ...............................................................62 PRESENTATION DES 3 PRINCIPAUX ESPACES DE FETES TECHNO ....................63-107 I. LE CLUB : UN ESPACE INSTITUTIONNEL ET SECURISE....................................................................................67 A. L’organisation : logique capitaliste et « commerciale »...............................................................67 1. La logique capitaliste ......................................................................................................67 4 2. La notion de sécurité.......................................................................................................69 3. La division de l’espace....................................................................................................71 a. La piste de danse.........................................................................................71 b. Le bar............................................................................................................71 c. Les lieux de discussion ..............................................................................72 d. Les autres lieux............................................................................................72 4. Le club et sa programmation musicale .........................................................................73 B. Le déroulement d’une soirée pour un clubber..............................................................................74 1. Avant d’aller en club........................................................................................................74 a. S’informer.....................................................................................................74
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