DOCSLIB.ORG

Armed Conflict, Internally Displaced Persons and Protection in Kachin State, Myanmar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ARMED CONFLICT, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND PROTECTION IN KACHIN STATE, MYANMAR Mr. Zaw Lut 2576438481 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Program in International Development Studies Faculty of Political Science Chulalongkorn University Academic Year 2013 Copyright of Chulalongkorn University ความขัดแย้งที่ใช้อาวุธ ผู้ผลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศและการคุ้มครองในรัฐคะฉิ่น ประเทศพม่า นายซอ ลอท์ 2576438481 วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปริญญาศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาการพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศ คณะรัฐศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย ปีการศึกษา 2556 ลิขสิทธิ์ของจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย Thesis Title ARMED CONFLICT, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND PROTECTION IN KACHIN STATE, MYANMAR By Mr. Zaw Lut Field of Study International Development Studies Thesis Advisor Professor Supang Chantavanich, Ph.D. Accepted by the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master's Degree Dean of the Faculty of Political Science (Professor Supachai Yavaprabhas, Ph.D.) 2576438481 THESIS COMMITTEE Chairman (Assistant Professor Naruemon Thabchumpon, Ph.D.) Thesis Advisor (Professor Supang Chantavanich, Ph.D.) External Examiner (Jerrold W. Huguet) iv ซอ ลอท์ : ความขัดแย้งที่ใช้อาวุธ ผู้ผลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศและการคุ้มครองในรัฐคะฉิ่น ประเทศ พม่ า . ( ARMED CONFLICT, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND PROTECTION IN KACHIN STATE, MYANMAR) อ.ที่ปรึกษาวิทยานิพนธ์หลัก: ศ. ดร.สุภางค์ จันทวานิช, 184 หน้า. ประเด็นการพลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศ เป็นปรากฎการณ์ที่ได้รับความสนใจมากทั่วโลก คล้ายกับ ประเด็นผู้ลี้ภัย ตามรายงานศูนย์การตรวจสอบการลี้ภัยภายในประเทศ ปี 2554 อธิบายว่ามีผู้พลัดถิ่น ภายในประเทศทั่วโลก ประมาณ 26,400,000 คน ในขณะที่พม่าเป็นที่รู้จักกันว่าเป็นบ้านของสงครามกลางเมือง ที่ยาวนานที่สุดในโลกแห่งหนึ่ง ปรากฏการณ์การพลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศก าลังได้รับความสนใจมากขึ้นและ จ านวนการพลัดถิ่นในแต่ละปีเติบโตขึ้น ความขัดแย้งระหว่างกลุ่มชนกลุ่มน้อยติดอาวุธกับทหารรัฐบาลพม่าได้เกิดขึ้นตั้งแต่ก่อนที่พม่าจะเป็น เอกราช ในปี พ.ศ. 2490 จนถึงตอนนี้ ในภาคตะวันออก ภาคใต้ และภาคเหนือ ของประเทศ ซึ่งเป็นพื้นที่ที่ชน กลุ่มน้อยส่วนใหญ่อาศัยอยู่ ตามที่สมาคมชายแดนไทย ปี 2555 ประมาณการผู้พลัดถิ่นในภาคตะวันออกและ ภาคใต้ของพม่ามีประมาณ 400,000 คน ตั้งแต่ปี 2554ความขัดแย้งระหว่างกองก าลังอิสระคะฉิ่นกับทหาร รัฐบาลพม่าได้เกิดขึ้น มีผู้พลัดถิ่นมากกว่า 100,000 คน ซึ่งเป็นจ านวนการพลัดถิ่นที่เยอะที่สุดที่เคยเกิดขึ้นในรัฐ คะฉิ่น ผู้พลัดถิ่นส่วนใหญ่ก าลังหลบภัยตามชายแดนพม่าจีน แต่รัฐบาลพม่าไม่ยอมรับผู้พลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศ อย่างเป็นทางการ ผู้พลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศยังไม่ได้รับการป้องกันจากการถูกละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชนและ 2576438481 มนุษยธรรม สถานการณ์โรคเอดส์ก็เลวร้ายยิ่งขึ้น ด้วยเหตุนี้ วิทยานิพนธ์เล่มนี้จึงมุ่งเน้นไปที่ความขัดแย้งที่มีการใช้อาวุธการอพยพของผู้พลัดถิ่น ภายในประเทศ การคุ้มครองและความมั่นคงของมนุษย์ของผู้พลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศ ความขัดแย้งอะไรที่ส่งผล กระทบต่อผู้พลัดถิ่นภายในประเทศ สภาพความมั่นคงของมนุษย์และการท างานของกลไกการคุ้มครองผู้พลัดถิ่น ในระหว่างการย้ายถิ่น การค้นพบที่ส าคัญในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ชี้ให้เห็นว่า ความขัดแย้งในรัฐคะฉิ่น ตั้งแต่ปี 2554 มีสาเหตุจาก แรงจูงใจทางเศรษฐกิจการเมืองของรัฐบาลพม่าและจีน ผู้พลัดถิ่นที่ย้ายเข้ามาในพื้นที่ไลซ่า (Laiza) มีการ เชื่อมต่อทางสังคม ภูมิศาสตร์และการเมืองกับองค์กรอิสระคะฉิ่น (KIO) ความมั่นคงของมนุษย์ทั้งเจ็ดด้านยัง ไม่ได้รับความปลอดภัยโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งความมั่นคงทางเศรษฐกิจและการศึกษาเป็นความท้าทายที่ส าคัญ ส าหรับอนาคตของผู้พลัดถิ่น ในที่สุดผู้พลัดถิ่นยังไม่ได้รับการคุ้มครองตามกฎหมาย แม้ว่าพวกเขาก าลังถูก ละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชนและสิทธิทางการเมือง แผนการลงคะแนนเสียงเลือกตั้งในปี 2558 ยังคงเป็นความฝัน ส าหรับผู้พลัดถิ่นต่อไป สาขาวิชา การพัฒนาระหว่างประเทศ ลายมือชื่อนิสิต THAI ABSTRACT ปีการศึกษา 2556 ลายมือชื่อ อ.ที่ปรึกษาวิทยานิพนธ์หลัก v # # 5581106024 : MAJOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES KEYWORDS: MYANMAR ARMED CONFLICT / INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS / MIGRATION PATTERNS / PROTECTION AND HUMAN SECURITY IN KACHIN STATE ZAW LUT: ARMED CONFLICT, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND PROTECTION IN KACHIN STATE, MYANMAR. ADVISOR: PROF. SUPANG CHANTAVANICH, Ph.D., 184 pp. Internally displacement issues which phenomenon is quite similar with refugee gets more attention from the world. According to the Internally Displacement Monitoring Center report, 2011 described there were approximately 26.4 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) around the world. As Myanmar has been known for the home of the world longest civil war running country, the internally displacement phenomenon is gaining more attention and displacement numbers is growing year. Armed conflict between ethnic armed groups and Myanmar government military is going on since before Myanmar independence 1947 up to now in eastern, southern and northern parts the country where majority of the ethnic people are living. According to the Thai Border Consortium 2012, the estimation IDPs in the Eastern and Southern part of Myanmar is 2576438481 400,000. Since 2011, armed conflict between Kachin independent Army and Myanmar government military is carrying on, over 100,000 internally displaced persons, which is the greatest displacement ever in Kachin state, majority of IDPs are taking refuge along the Myanmar China border. Yet, Myanmar government have not recognized the IDPs officially therefore, IDPs are unprotected from being human right violations and humanitarian aids situation is worse. Therefore, this thesis focuses on armed conflict, migration pattern of IDPs, protection and human security of IDPs. How armed conflict affected to the IDPs, human security condition and function of protection mechanism for IDPs during the displacement. The key findings in this research indicate that 2011 Kachin armed conflict is rooted on political economic incentives of the Myanmar government and China. IDPs who moved into Laiza area are socially, geographically, and politically connected with KIO. All seven dimensions of Human security is not secure especially economic security and education is great challenges for the IDPs for their future. Eventually, IDPs have not legal-bonded protection though they are suffering from the human right violation and political rights are absent voting for 2015 is still a dream for IDPs. Field of Study: International Development Student's Signature ENGLI SH ABSTRACT Studies Advisor's Signature Academic Year: 2013 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to say thank you to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Supang Chantavanich, Ph.D. for her patient supervision and guidance throughout my thesis period and to the member of thesis committees; Asst. Prof. Naruemon Thabchumpon Ph.D and Mr. Jerrold W. Hugest for their feedbacks. I also would like to give special thanks to Heinrih Boll Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand who gives me scholarship to study and kind support throughout the study, and also those who help me throughout my journey of data collection and contacting the resource persons, guiding and accompanying into the IDPs camps at the Myanmar- China border. Moreover, special thanks to Mr. La Raw who helps me to find data of IDPs camps whenever I want and need. Special thanks to all friends who help me during the data collection and thesis process. 2576438481 Finally, I would to thank my mom and spouse who encourage, motivate me throughout the study. Garum ya ai ni yawng hpe grai chye ju dum let. CONTENTS Page THAI ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iv ENGLISH ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. vi CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF MAPS ............................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF PICTURE ......................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2576438481 1.1 Statement of the problem .................................................................................. 1 1.3 Objectives of research ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Conceptual framework ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 Armed conflict ...................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 IDPs and Typology of displacement ................................................................ 8 1.4.3 Human Security .................................................................................................. 11 1.4.4 Protection Mechanism towards the internally displaced persons .......... 15 1.5 Hypothesis ......................................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Research methodology ..................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report

    KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census KACHIN STATE, BHAMO DISTRICT Bhamo Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Kachin State, Bhamo District Bhamo Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1: Map of Kachin State, showing the townships Bhamo Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 135,877 2 Population males 66,718 (49.1%) Population females 69,159 (50.9%) Percentage of urban population 43.2% Area (Km2) 1,965.8 3 Population density (per Km2) 69.1 persons Median age 25.2 years Number of wards 13 Number of village tracts 45 Number of private households 24,161 Percentage of female headed households 29.7% Mean household size 4.9 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 30.5% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 64.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.7% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 54.2 Child dependency ratio 46.9 Old dependency ratio 7.3 Ageing index 15.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 97 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 94.7% Male 96.8% Female 93.0% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 7,448 5.5 Walking 2,977 2.2 Seeing 4,114 3.0 Hearing 2,262 1.7 Remembering 2,380 1.8 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 81,655 74.7 Associate Scrutiny
  • Appendix – D Model Villages with Rice Husk Gas Engine

    Appendix – D Model Villages with Rice Husk Gas Engine

    APPENDIX – D MODEL VILLAGES WITH RICE HUSK GAS ENGINE APPENDIX D-1 Project Examples 1 (1/3) Development Plan Appendix D-1 Project Examples 1: Rice Husk Gas Engine Electrification in Younetalin Village Plans were prepared to electrify villages with rice husk gas engine in Ayeyarwaddi Division headed by Area Commander. Younetalin Village was the first to be electrified in accordance with the plans. The scheme at Younetalin village was completed quite quickly. It was conceived in January 2001 and the committee was formed then. The scheme commenced operation on 15 2001 April and therefore took barely 3 months to arrange the funding and building. The project feature is as follows (as of Nov 2002): Nippon Koei / IEEJ The Study on Introduction of Renewable Energies Volume 5 in Rural Areas in Myanmar Development Plans APPENDIX D-1 Project Examples 1 (2/3) Basic Village Feature Household 1,100 households Industry and product 6 rice mills, BCS, Video/Karaoke Shops Paddy (Cultivation field is 250 ares), fruits processing, rice noodle processing) Public facilities Primary school, monastery, state high school, etc. Project Cost and Fund Capital cost K9,600,000 (K580,000 for engine and generator, K3,800,000 for distribution lines) Collection of fund From K20,000 up to K40,000 was collected according to the financial condition of each house. Difference between the amount raised by the villagers and the capital cost of was K4,000,000. It was covered by loan from the Area Commander of the Division with 2 % interest per month. Unit and Fuel Spec of unit Engine :140 hp, Hino 12 cylinder diesel engine Generator : 135 kVA Model : RH-14 Rice husk ¾ 12 baskets per hour is consumed consumption ¾ 6 rice mills powered by diesel generator.
  • A Kachin Case Study

    A Kachin Case Study

    MUSEUMS, DIASPORA COMMUNITIES AND DIASPORIC CULTURES A KACHIN CASE STUDY HELEN MEARS PHD 2019 0 Abstract This thesis adds to the growing body of literature on museums and source communities through addressing a hitherto under-examined area of activity: the interactions between museums and diaspora communities. It does so through a focus on the cultural practices and museum engagements of the Kachin community from northern Myanmar. The shift in museum practice prompted by increased interaction with source communities from the 1980s onwards has led to fundamental changes in museum policy. Indeed, this shift has been described as “one of the most important developments in the history of museums” (Peers and Brown, 2003, p.1). However, it was a shift informed by the interests and perspectives of an ethnocentric museology, and, for these reasons, analysis of its symptoms has remained largely focussed on the museum institution rather than the communities which historically contributed to these institutions’ collections. Moreover, it was a shift which did not fully take account of the increasingly mobile and transnational nature of these communities. This thesis, researched and written by a museum curator, was initiated by the longstanding and active engagement of Kachin people with historical materials in the collections of Brighton Museum & Art Gallery. In closely attending to the cultural interests and habits of overseas Kachin communities, rather than those of the Museum, the thesis responds to Christina Kreps’ call to researchers to “liberate our thinking from Eurocentric notions of what constitutes the museum and museological behaviour” (2003, p.x). Through interviews with individual members of three overseas Kachin communities and the examination of a range of Kachin-related cultural productions, it demonstrates the extent to which Kachin people, like museums, are highly engaged in heritage and cultural preservation, albeit in ways which are distinctive to normative museum practices of collecting, display and interpretation.
  • Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar

    Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar Asia Report N°312 | 28 August 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. A Legacy of Division ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Who Lives in Myanmar? ............................................................................................ 4 B. Those Who Belong and Those Who Don’t ................................................................. 5 C. Contemporary Ramifications..................................................................................... 7 III. Liberalisation and Ethno-nationalism ............................................................................. 9 IV. The Militarisation of Ethnicity ......................................................................................... 13 A. The Rise and Fall of the Kaungkha Militia ................................................................ 14 B. The Shanni: A New Ethnic Armed Group ................................................................. 18 C. An Uncertain Fate for Upland People in Rakhine

  • Courts Manual

    COURTS MANUAL GQCO-O 0COCO ฮ่3 ร:§o$§<8: L CD FOURTH EDITION 1999 Z c c s c n o o o s p : รํเะ 3j]o t' CO CO GO 0 3 gS ’ขนนร?•แ•.ช 15V SUPREME COURT TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 PARA LEGAL PRACTIONERS AND PETITION WRITERS CHAPTER I- Advocates and Pleaders 1................. 1-11 CHAPTER แ- Petition Writers ............................... 12 PART n INSTRUCTIONS AND ORDERS RELATING TO BOTH CIVIL AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER III- Adminstation and Conduct of Cases...... 13-48 CHAPTER IV- Evidence-Prisoners Act-Oaths Act ... 49-75 CHAPTER V- Court Fees and Stamps- Court Free Act-Stamps Act ..................... ......... 76-102 CHAPTER VI- Translation and Copies- Inspection ofRecords ........... .......................... 103-109 PART III CIVIL PROCEDURE CHAPTER VII- Procedure in Suits and Miscellaneous Proceedings ...................................... J10-182 CHAPTER VIII- Procedure in Execution ..................... 183-283 CHAPTER IX- Arrest and attachment before Judgment- Injunction .... ....................... ...... 284-288 CHAPTER X- Commissions .................................... 289-293 CHAPTER XI- Pauper Suits ................................... 294-297’ CHAPTER xn - Suits by or againt Goverment Attorney- General ................ ............... 289-299 CHAPTER Xffl- Appeal, Refemce and Revision ........ 300-309 CHAPTER XIV- Procedure under Special Enactments- 1. Specific Relief Act .................... 310-311 2. Tranfer of Property Act .......... 312-315 3. Myanmar Small Cause Courts Act.. 316-321 4. Land Acquisition Act ....................
  • B U R M a B U L L E T

    B U R M a B U L L E T

    B U R M A B U L L E T I N A month-in-review of events in Burma A L T E R N A T I V E A S E A N N E T W O R K O N B U R M A campaigns, advocacy & capacity-building for human r ights & democracy Issue 60 December 2011 • Tatmadaw offensive and attacks against civilians in IN THIS ISSUE Kachin State and Northern Shan State continue despite President Thein Sein’s order to cease KEY STORY military operations. 1 Hostilities in Kachin State • The regime gives itself three years for peace in 2 IDPs and refugees on the edge ethnic areas, providing Naypyidaw with political 3 Ceasefire meetings cover to continue its brutal offensives in ethnic INSIDE BURMA areas until the next general election. 4 Burma’s opium production up 4 NLD re-registers • Regime sentences Karen leader Nyein Maung to 17 4 Daw Suu meets Chinese envoy years in prison for ties to the Karen National Union. HUMAN RIGHTS • UN General Assembly resolution condemns the 5 Karen leader sentenced regime’s ongoing and systematic human rights 5 Monk harassed violations. 5 Union denied registration DISPLACEMENT • US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton makes historic 5 Rohingya repatriation trip to Burma and tells the regime that more reforms 5 Rohingya exodus continues are needed if the US is to lift sanctions. INTERNATIONAL • China welcomes improved US-Burma relations and 6 Clinton visits Burma calls for the lifting of sanctions against the regime. 7 China welcomes engagement 7 UNGA condemns regime • NLD re-registers as the regime announces that ECONOMY parliamentary by-elections will take place on 1 April 7 Burma at the bottom of indices 2012.
  • Election Monitor No.49

    Election Monitor No.49

    Euro-Burma Office 10 November 22 November 2010 Election Monitor ELECTION MONITOR NO. 49 DIPLOMATS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OBSERVE VOTING PROCESS IN VARIOUS STATES AND REGIONS Representatives of foreign embassies and UN agencies based in Myanmar, members of the Myanmar Foreign Correspondents Club and local journalists observed the polling stations and studied the casting of votes at a number of polling stations on the day of the elections. According the state-run media, the diplomats and guests were organized into small groups and conducted to the various regions and states to witness the elections. The following are the number of polling stations and number of eligible voters for the various regions and states:1 1. Kachin State - 866 polling stations for 824,968 eligible voters. 2. Magway Region- 4436 polling stations in 1705 wards and villages with 2,695,546 eligible voters 3. Chin State - 510 polling stations with 66827 eligible voters 4. Sagaing Region - 3,307 polling stations with 3,114,222 eligible voters in 125 constituencies 5. Bago Region - 1251 polling stations and 1057656 voters 6. Shan State (North ) - 1268 polling stations in five districts, 19 townships and 839 wards/ villages and there were 1,060,807 eligible voters. 7. Shan State(East) - 506 polling stations and 331,448 eligible voters 8. Shan State (South)- 908,030 eligible voters cast votes at 975 polling stations 9. Mandalay Region - 653 polling stations where more than 85,500 eligible voters 10. Rakhine State - 2824 polling stations and over 1769000 eligible voters in 17 townships in Rakhine State, 1267 polling stations and over 863000 eligible voters in Sittway District and 139 polling stations and over 146000 eligible voters in Sittway Township.
  • Situation Update: Conflict and Displacement in Burma's Border

    Situation Update: Conflict and Displacement in Burma's Border

    Situation Update: Conflict and Displacement in Burma’s Border Areas 31st August 2011 Armed conflict in Burma’s Karen, Shan and Kachin States continues to fuel large‐scale displacement of civilians both internally and into neighbouring countries. Between 5,000 and 7,000 civilians remain in temporary, unofficial sites along the Thai‐Burma border in Thailand's Tak Province; approximately 20,000 remain internally‐displaced in Kachin State along the border with China; and thousands have been forced to flee their homes in Shan State due to ongoing armed conflict. Community‐based groups continue in their efforts to provide assistance to these populations, who have no access to international protection mechanisms, and little or no assistance from international humanitarian organisations. The shortage of funding to such community‐based aid networks is a serious cause for concern, particularly with a high likelihood of further fighting resulting in more displacement. There is an urgent need for protection mechanisms and humanitarian assistance for civilians fleeing conflict and human rights abuses in Burma. Armed Conflict and Abuses against Civilians Continue: An Update of the Situation Karen State In Karen State, civilians continue to live amidst multiple violent conflicts. In addition to the on‐ going fighting between the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and the Burma Army which caused around 25,000 to flee into neighbouring Thailand in November 2010, skirmishes between Burma Army troops and Karen National Liberation Army’s (KNLA) Brigade 7 are ongoing. Meanwhile, in Manerplaw, Thoo Mwe Htar and other areas in Southern Papun District fighting between a break‐away faction of the regime’s Border Guard Force (BGF), known as Battalion 1012, and Burma Army forces have increased in frequency throughout July and into August.
  • Conflict Updates HUMANITARIAN CRISIS & HUMAN RIGHTS

    Conflict Updates HUMANITARIAN CRISIS & HUMAN RIGHTS

    No. 3 | Winter 2018 CONFLICT UPDATERE BROUGHT TOCAP YOU BY THE KACHIN ALLIANCE Conflict Updates • There was at least one battle/ armed clash between the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) and Tatmadaw forces in 7 out of 31 days in October, 18 out of 30 days in November, and 26 out of 31 days in December. • During these three months, armed clashes between the KIA and Tatmadaw most frequently occurred inside and near Mansi Township in the southern region of Kachin State. The area of Danai Township experienced the second highest frequency of armed clashes. • Several provocations from the Tatmadaw consisted of fighter jets An IDP family braving the brutal winter of the Kachin region. Hkun Li Photo dropping bombs on KIA positions and sometimes, in the vicinity of IDP camps. HUMANITARIAN CRISIS & • On the Christmas Day alone, there were 2 armed clashes and 4 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS incidents of provocation. October 2017 * Clashes Provocations • On October 3, when civilians with provisions attempted October 9 14 to cross into the Danai area, Tatmadaw soldiers stationed at Tawang Hka bridge turned them away and threw the provisions into the river. November 26 32 • On October 16 and 17, after getting ambushed by KIA December 56 92 troops, Tatmadaw soldiers randomly fired at by-passers, injuring a civilian in his leg. * Any incident of gun firing, bombing or ambush that did not escalate to a battle is considered to be a provocation. Accordingly, any provocation that escalated to a battle is counted as a clash and excluded from the provocation tally. These figures indicate the number of provocations initiated by either Tatmadaw or the KIA troops on one another.
  • THE STATE of LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS in KACHIN Photo Credits

    THE STATE of LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS in KACHIN Photo Credits

    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN Photo credits Mike Adair Emilie Röell Myanmar Survey Research A photo record of the UNDP Governance Mapping Trip for Kachin State. Travel to Tanai, Putao, Momauk and Myitkyina townships from Jan 6 to Jan 23, 2015 is available here: http://tinyurl.com/Kachin-Trip-2015 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN KACHIN UNDP MYANMAR Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 5 2. Kachin State 7 2.1 Kachin geography 9 2.2 Population distribution 10 2.3 Socio-economic dimensions 11 2.4 Some historical perspectives 13 2.5 Current security situation 18 2.6 State institutions 18 3. Methodology 24 3.1 Objectives of mapping 25 3.2 Mapping tools 25 3.3 Selected townships in Kachin 26 4. Governance at the front line – Findings on participation, responsiveness and accountability for service provision 27 4.1 Introduction to the townships 28 4.1.1 Overarching development priorities 33 4.1.2 Safety and security perceptions 34 4.1.3 Citizens’ views on overall improvements 36 4.1.4 Service Provider’s and people’s views on improvements and challenges in selected basic services 37 4.1.5 Issues pertaining to access services 54 4.2 Development planning and participation 57 4.2.1 Development committees 58 4.2.2 Planning and use of development funds 61 4.2.3 Challenges to township planning and participatory development 65 4.3 Information, transparency and accountability 67 4.3.1 Information at township level 67 4.3.2 TDSCs and TMACs as accountability mechanisms 69 4.3.3 WA/VTAs and W/VTSDCs 70 4.3.4 Grievances and disputes 75 4.3.5 Citizens’ awareness and freedom to express 78 4.3.6 Role of civil society organisations 81 5.
  • KACHIN STATE, MOHNYIN DISTRICT Mohnyin Township Report

    KACHIN STATE, MOHNYIN DISTRICT Mohnyin Township Report

    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census KACHIN STATE, MOHNYIN DISTRICT Mohnyin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Kachin State, Mohnyin District Mohnyin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1: Map of Kachin State, showing the townships MohnyinTownship Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 160,598 2 Population males 78,795 (49.1%) Population females 81,803 (50.9%) Percentage of urban population 20.7% Area (Km2) 6,036.3 3 Population density (per Km2) 26.6 persons Median age 24.7 years Number of wards 5 Number of village tracts 29 Number of private households 30,190 Percentage of female headed households 30.0% Mean household size 4.9 persons4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 31.4% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 63.8% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.8% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 56.8 Child dependency ratio 49.3 Old dependency ratio 7.5 Ageing index 15.3 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 96 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 95.4% Male 97.5% Female 93.7% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 4,562 2.8 Walking 1,662 1.0 Seeing 2,296 1.4 Hearing 1,314 0.8 Remembering 1,443 0.9 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 94,919 73.6 Associate
  • New IDP Population Movements in Kachin and Northern Shan States: 27 Nov 2012 - 7 Jan 2013

    New IDP Population Movements in Kachin and Northern Shan States: 27 Nov 2012 - 7 Jan 2013

    New IDP population movements in Kachin and Northern Shan States: 27 Nov 2012 - 7 Jan 2013 DRAFT 14+15 & 19 November 2012: heavy artillery • In addition to the approximately 75,000 fired 8-10 times from the Government Army people who remain displaced across Military Base in the direction of KIA troops Kachin State and Northern Shan States, 16 November:stationed KBC Hpakan in La reported Maung west that ofthere Hpakan Town have been around 2,000 Government troops reports indicate at least 2,000 newly- moving along the Mogaung-Hpakan road displaced people due to recent fighting, over the last few days. since mid-December 2012. • Armed actions in the surroundings of Laiza have reportedly led to an additional 700 Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in camps located in the area between Laiza and Pang War. • Reports indicate over 400 new IDPs from Mansi Township now accommodated in La Jar Yang(near Laiza): On 14 December, the Bhamo town. government artilleries based in Dawtphoneyang fired • In Northern Shan State, there are reports around 100 times in the direction of the KIA troops of approximately 1,000 displaced in Kutkai stationed in La Jar Yang area, only 4 mile away from town. the KIO/KIA headquarter in Laiza. IRRC informed that • The number of security incidents has government helicopters attacked the KIA troops in La increased significantly since mid- Jar Yang on 4 December: attack with 3 helicopters December 2012. They have included the around 11:00 hrs and with 2 helicopters around 15;00 destruction of bridges and other hrs.