Appendix 1 Number of individuals out of every 1000 who could not sign their name on a marriage register: 1896–1907

Male Female Total

1896–1900 32 37 69 1901–1905 20 24 44 1905–1907 27 27 54

355 Appendix 2 Extract from Beatrice Harraden, ‘What Our Soldiers Read’, Cornhill Magazine, vol. XLI (Nov. 1916)

Turning aside from technical subjects to literature in general, I would like to say that although we have not ever attempted to force good books on our soldiers, we have of course taken great care to place them within their reach. And it is not an illusion to say that when the men once begin on a better class of book, they do not as a rule return to the old stuff which formerly constituted their whole range of reading. My own impression is that they read rubbish because they have had no one to tell them what to read. Stevenson, for instance, has lifted many a young soldier in our hospital on to a higher plane of reading whence he has looked down with something like scorn – which is really very funny – on his former favourites. For that group of readers, ‘Treasure Island’ has been a discovery in more senses than one, and to the librarians a boon unspeakable. We have had, however, a large number of men who in any case care for good literature, and indeed would read nothing else. Needless to say, we have had special pleasure in trying to find them some book which they would be sure to like and which was already in our collection, or else in buying it, and thus adding to our stock. The publishers, too, have been most generous in sending us any current book which has aroused public interest and on which we have set our hearts. For we have tried to acquire not only standard works, but books of the moment bearing on the war, and other subjects too. The following are items from two or three of our order books. The order books have been chosen at random, but the items are consecutive; and the list will give some idea of the nature of our pilgrimages from one bedside to another bedside, and from one ward to another. One of Nat Gould’s novels; Regiments at the Front; Burns’s Poems; A book on bird life; ‘The Last Days of Pompeii’; Strand Magazine; Wide World Magazine; The Spectator; A scientific book; Review of Reviews; ‘By the Wish of a Woman’ (Marchmont); one of Rider Haggard’s; Marie Correlli [sic]; Nat Gould; Rider Haggard; Nat Gould; Nat Gould; Nat Gould; Good detective story; Something to make you laugh; Strand Magazine; Adventure story; ‘Tale of Two Cities’; ‘Gil Blas’; Browning’s Poems; Tolstoy’s ‘Resurrection’; Sexton Blake; ‘Scarlet Pimpernel’; Nat Gould; Wide World Magazine; Pearson’s Magazine; ‘Arabian Nights’; Jack London Shakespeare; Nat Gould; ‘The Encyclopedia’; Rex Beach; Wm. Le Queux; Strand Magazine; Nat Gould; Something in the murder line; Country Life; The Story Teller Magazine; one of Oppenheim’s novels; ‘The Crown of Wild Olive’; ‘Kidnapped’; Nat Gould; Shakespeare; Nat Gould; Silas Hocking; Oppenheim; Le Queux; Nat Gould; Nat Gould; Jack London; ‘Handy Andy’; ‘Kidnapped’; ‘Treasure Island’; Book about rose growing; ‘Montezuma’s Daughter’ (Rider Haggard); ‘Prisoner of Zenda’; Macaulay’s Essays; ‘The Magnetic North’ (Elizabeth Robins); Nat Gould;

356 Appendix 2 357

Sexton Blake; Modern High Explosives; ‘Dawn’ (Rider Haggard); ‘Wild Animals’; Book on horse-breaking; ‘Radiography’; ‘Freckles’ (by Gene Stratton-Porter); ‘The Blue Lagoon’; ‘Caged Birds’; ‘The Corsican Brothers’; ‘Sherlock Holmes’; French Dictionary; Kipling; ‘Mysticism’; Nat Gould; ‘Pilgrim’s Progress’; ‘Mystery of Cloomber’ (Conan Doyle); and so on. These are, of course, only a few items. I should say that on the whole, and leaving out entirely books on technical and special subjects, the authors most frequently asked for are: Nat Gould, Charles Garvice, Wm. Le Queux, Rider Haggard, Guy Boothby, Oppenheim, Rex Beach, Conan Doyle, Marie Corelli, Joseph and Silas Hocking, Jack London, Dickens, Mrs. Henry Wood, Kipling (whose ‘Barrack Room Ballads’ they learnt by heart), Dumas, Ian Hay, Baroness Orczy, and Hornung’s Raffles. And very favourite books are those dealing with wild animals and their habits, with ferrets, rats, and birds, and all stories of adventure and travel, and of course detective stories. Appendix 3 Booksellers from whose returns the Bookseller compiled its bestseller list during the 1930s and 1940s under the title ‘What the Other Fellow is Selling’

London, W1: J. & E. Bumpus, Ltd Glasgow: John Smith & Son London, EC4: A. & F. Denny, Ltd (Glasgow), Ltd London, WC2: W. & G. Foyle, Ltd Glasgow: W. & R. Holmes London, EC4: Jones and Evans Glasgow: Jackson, Son & Co. Bookshop, Ltd Guildford: Biddles, Ltd London, SW7: Lamley & Co. Hanley: Webberley, Ltd London, SWI: Hugh Rees, Ltd Hove: Combridges London, W1: Selfridge’s Book Dept Hull: A. Brown & Sons London, WC2: W. H. Smith & Son, Ipswich: W. E. Harrison & Sons Ltd. Liverpool: Philip, Son & Nephew London, W1: Times Book Club Liverpool: Henry Young & Sons, Ltd London, W1: F. J. Ward Manchester: W. H. Willshaw London, W2: Wm Whitely, Ltd Newcastle-on-Tyne: Mawson, Swan & London, EC3: Alfred Wilson, Ltd M., Ltd. Belfast, W. Erskine Mayne Norwich: Jarrold & Sons, Ltd Bristol: Wm George’s Sons, Ltd Nottingham: Henry B. Saxton Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes Oldham: J. A. Bardsley, Ltd Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., Ltd Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd Oxford: Slatter & Rose, Ltd Cheltenham Spa: Banks of Ramsgate: Blinko & Sons, Ltd Cheltenham, Ltd Rugby: George Over, Ltd Chester: Philipson & Golder St Andrews: W. C. Henderson & Son, Dublin: Eason & Son, Ltd Ltd Durham: House of Andrews Seaford: Ronald Gibson Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot Sheffield: A. B. Ward Exeter: A. Wheaton & Co., Ltd Swansea: Morgan & Higgs, Ltd

358 Appendix 4 From the Mass Observation Archive (ref. FR 2537): ‘Reading in Tottenham, November 1947’

Lists of fiction subjects were shown to all those questioned (as with non-fiction subjects) and their comments were invited. Some of these are: On love stories: ‘I like old fashioned novels. Love and happy endings I suppose – by big writers.’ ‘I remember queuing up after the last war to get two books, one called ‘This Freedom’; and ‘If Winter Comes’. There’s been nothing like them since, only ‘Gone with the Wind’. I liked that, but there’s no big books by big writers, is there?’ (Housewife, aged over 41, elementary education)

‘I don’t like modern books at all, especially love stories – they’re too trashy and they’re unpleasant and they’ve got no story in them – they’re not a patch on the old ones that kept you interested – something happening all the way through.’ (Housekeeper, aged over 41, single)

On horror stories: ‘I love them horror stories. Sort of make yer creep they do, and those detec- tive stories. Real clever some of them are. The men as write them must have brains, some of ’em. ’Cos, some of them aren’t worth the paper they’re written on. It gets yer out of yerself as you might say when you read a good one and it makes yer think.’ (Woman, sugar boiler, aged over 41, elementary educa- tion.)

On adventure: ‘I buy those westerns and thrillers they sell in the shops, you know, about a bob apiece.’ (Youth, 16–20yrs, engineering worker, elementary education)

On fiction in general: ‘Like books on philosophical problems – horror stories bore me to tears. I like reading books about men who have created changes – when you read books like that you pick up such a lot of facts.’ (Man, aged over 41, local govt offi- cial, secondary ed.)

‘I read mystery stories for amusement. . . . I’ve read several American stories about white men and niggers [sic].’ (Man, aged 21–40, photographic block- maker, secondary education)

‘I don’t like my love stories too sloppy, though like some books are, and I like to be able to guess who committed the murder and sometimes I look at the

359 360 Appendix 4

end. I know I shouldn’t but I often do.’ (Woman, aged 21–40, elementary education) ‘I like a good mystery story and I like adventure stories very much. I’ve had some very good books from the library round here. I’ve belonged to it so long that I’ve read nearly all the books. I like a good book like ‘Gone with the Wind’ and other picture novels but they’re hard to find really. They say, like everything else, a good book’s hard to find.’ (Man, corporation worker, aged 21–40, sec- ondary ed.)

Favourite fiction subject

When asked to give their favourite fiction subject (as opposed to saying which were of interest) the largest proportion plumped for ‘Detective and mystery’ – three people in every ten. It will be remembered that ‘Travel and adventure’, the most popular non-fiction subject, was the favourite of less than one in ten, and was of interest only to three in ten. The second most popular fiction subject is ‘Love’: this is just half as popular as ‘Detection and mystery’, but then it appeals only to the female half of the population. Historical stories are the next most popular, and then short stories. It is interesting to compare subjects of interest with subjects preferred: subjects were mentioned in the following order, the per- centage mentioning them is given in brackets after:

Of Interest Preferred Detection (60%) Detection (30%) Short stories (35%) Love (15%) Love (34%) Historical (10%) Adventure (31%) Short stories (9%) Funny (30%) Adventure (7%) Historical (27%) Funny (6%) Horror (21%) Others mentioned by less than one Others mentioned by less than in five one in twenty

Although the percentages of people in any social group preferring any subject is necessarily small, some interesting facts emerge. For instance, those people who are married without young children are very much more interested in love stories than the single people – but love stories are more frequently mentioned as their favourite subject by the single group; that is, though fewer single people like love stories, those who do are more vehement in their affection. Those with young children seldom say they like love stories best and are very much more inter- ested in detection. Favourite subjects show many of the same variations as subjects of interest – interest in detection, love and adventure decreases with class and education: interest in history and humour increases. Why humorous books should be so much the prerogative of the middle-class is hard to explain. The feminine interest in love stories is even more marked when it comes to making the choice of one favourite – they are the favourite of more than a quarter of the women, and of only one man in a hundred. They are more popular with Appendix 4 361 women at home than those in jobs, but since women in jobs care little for detec- tive stories, love stories are still their favourite form of fiction. Women in jobs show an extremely high degree of interest in historical stories – possible they think of the romantic historical novel of the ‘Gone with the Wind’ or ‘Forever Amber’ type. Enthusiasm for detective stories, love and adventure declines slightly with dis- tance from the library – perhaps this is fortuitous, perhaps it is a revolt against the books in the 2d. library on which an increasing proportion depend. There is considerable discrepancy between the favourite subjects of those who read mainly non-fiction and the rest. Among non-fiction readers, detective stories are still the most popular, but by a very short head, and they are chosen by less than two in ten. Short stories are next in importance, then historical subjects, then funny or satirical books; no other subject is mentioned more than once in ten replies. Love stories come very low on the list – they are mentioned only by one person in a hundred. The biggest difference between the two groups is the drop in the interest in detective and love stories among the non-fiction readers, which is compensated for by a slight increase in interest in almost all other subjects. Library members show little peculiarity in their fiction tastes – they are a little less interested in detection, love and short stories and rather more interested in adventure stories and historical subjects, but the differences are small. The greatest interest in adventure stories is a little unexpected, but the numbers of detective and love stories in 2d. libraries probably explains why these are read more often by those outside the Public Library. Those least interested in detective stories are the book-buyers, but they are mainly middle-class people. . . . Love stories are also popular with those who favour indoor activities and hobbies – perhaps these are the quiet and unad- venturous people, looking for restful light reading. Historical novels are popular with cinema-goers – the influence of the costume drama – and short stories with those who like gardening and sport, and those who have no spare time.

Fiction authors

The names quoted were very scattered, and no one author was mentioned by as many as one person in ten. The name most frequently given was that of Edgar Wallace, mentioned by not quite one in ten: this, of course, is due to the popu- larity of detective and mystery stories. Since Wallace has been dead for some years it is interesting that he is still the favourite in spite of a flood of similar stories since his death. The next most popular detective story writer is Agatha Christie, who comes sixth on the list of authors, and who is mentioned by about 3%. She represents the more modern type of writer, but she is only slightly more popular than the old-fashioned – Conan Doyle – ninth on the list and mentioned by 2%. Leslie Charteris, author of the ‘Saint’ books is equally popular. The author second most frequently mentioned is Charles Dickens, but third and fourth come the representatives of the good old-fashioned love story – Ethel M. Dell and Ruby N. Ayres [sic]. Naomi Jacob, whose stories are more of a family type, comes next, although this kind of book is considerably less popular. Between Christie and Conan Doyle come Zane Grey and P. G. Wodehouse, then Charteris and W. W. Jacobs. After this came the more ‘highbrow’ names, in 362 Appendix 4 this order – Shaw, Priestley, Wells, A. J. Cronin, Dumas, Edgar Allen Poe [sic], Scott, Hugh Walpole, G. K. Chesterton, John Galsworthy, Dorothy Sayers and Shakespeare. Three less ‘highbrow’ names are mentioned equally frequently – Sax Rohmer, Rafael Sabatini and Warwick Deeping. All other authors were men- tioned by less than 1%. The numbers are too small to make class, age or other breakdowns reliable. Appendix 5 From Mills and Boon, ‘A FINE ROMANCE . . . is hard to find!’

Every Mills & Boon reader and every aspiring Mills & Boon writer has a very clear picture of what makes our books so successful.... We believe that the so-called formula is only the beginning, that originality, imagination and individuality are the most important qualities in a romance writer.... Each of our authors must possess an individual touch, her own particular way of telling a story, and this quality is vital. . . . The story doesn’t necessarily have to be complicated – in fact, a simple tale introducing only a few characters besides the hero and heroine is often very successful. Make sure, however, that the char- acters are convincing. ...A would-be writer should be aware all the time of every- day patterns of speech, and should try to make the characters as true to life as possible.... All Mills & Boon authors spend a good deal of time checking the material used in their books, because they realise how quickly the recognition of a fault or inac- curacy can spoil the reader’s enjoyment of a scene.... When attempting a Mills & Boon novel, concentrate on writing a good book rather than a saleable proposition. A good book sells itself and is good indefi- nitely, while a ‘saleable proposition’ tends to be based on what is saleable at the time of writing – even if a publisher snaps it up, the world will have moved on by at least nine months by the time it finally appears. Think of what you, as a reader, would like to read....

363 Appendix 6 British Library loans, 1987–8, showing the top 100 authors as recorded by the Bookseller (13 July 1990)

Top 10 adult fiction authors (by alphabetical order) Agatha Christie Ed McBain Catherine Cookson Alistair MacLean Dick Francis Ruth Rendell Jack Higgins Wilbur Smith Victoria Holt Danielle Steel

Top 100 adult fiction authors (by alphabetical order)

Ted Allbeury J. T. Edson Alexander Kent Charlotte Vale Allen Elizabeth Ferrars Stephen King Margery Allingham Colin Forbes Louis L’Amour Lucilla Andrews Helen Forrester Charlotte Lamb Virginia Andrews Frederick Forsyth Norah Lofts Evelyn Anthony Dick Francis Robert Ludlum Jeffrey Archer Alexander Fullerton Helen MacInnes Desmond Bagley John Gardner Alistair MacLean Barbara Taylor Bradford Catherine Gaskin Ngaio Marsh Iris Bromige Michael Gilbert Graham Masterson Elizabeth Cadell Winston Graham Anne Mather Victor Canning Graham Greene Daphne du Maurier Philippa Carr John Harris Ed McBain John le Carré James Herbert Philip McCutchan Barbara Cartland Georgette Heyer Carole Mortimer James Hadley Chase Jack Higgins Maisie Mosco Agatha Christie Patricia Highsmith Betty Neels Jon Cleary Jane Aitken Hodge Christopher Nicole Virginia Coffman Victoria Holt Pamela Oldfield Jackie Collins Hammond Innes Ellis Peters Catherine Cookson Michael Innes Jean Plaidy Jilly Cooper Brenda Jagger Dudley Pope Sara Craven P. D. James Anthony Price Janet Dailey Penny Jordan Claire Rayner Len Deighton Marie Joseph Miss Read R. F. Delderfield M. M. Kaye Douglas Reeman Dorothy Eden Lena Kennedy Ruth Rendell

364 Appendix 6 365

Harold Robbins Wilbur Smith John Wainwright Denise Robins Danielle Steel Phyllis A. Whitney Tom Sharpe Jessica Steel Kate Williams Sarah Shears Mary Stewart Sara Woods Sidney Sheldon Jessica Sterling Margaret Yorke Nevil Shute Leslie Thomas Helen Van Slyke E. V. Thompson Appendix 7 Comparative library loans between 1988 and 1998 by genre

Registered Loans by Category (%)

1988–89 1997–98

Adult Fiction General Fiction 17.8 22.1 Historical 3.5 2.9 Mystery and Detection 12.8 12.8 Horror 0.7 0.4 Science Fiction 0.8 0.8 War 1.8 1.3 Humour 0.7 0.2 Light Romance 14.1 10.6 Westerns 1.2 0.7 Short Stories 0.5 0.2

Total 53.9 52.0

Source: Public Lending Right, 1999.

366 Appendix 8 Waterstone’s and Channel 4’s survey to discover the greatest books of the twentieth century (1996): the following are the top works of fiction

1. Lord of the Rings (J. R. R. Tolkien) 2. Nineteen Eighty-Four (George Orwell) 3. Animal Farm (George Orwell) 4. Ulysses (James Joyce) 5. Catch-22 (Joseph Heller) 6. The Catcher in the Rye (J. D. Salinger) 7. To Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee) 8. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Gabriel García Márquez) 9. The Grapes of Wrath (John Steinbeck) 10. Trainspotting (Irving Welsh) 11. The Wild Swans (Jung Chang) 12. The Great Gatsby (F. Scott Fitzgerald) 13. Lord of the Flies (William Golding) 14. On the Road (Jack Kerouac) 15. Brave New World (Aldous Huxley) 16. The Wind in the Willows (Kenneth Grahame) 17. The Color Purple (Alice Walker) 18. The Hobbit (J. R. R. Tolkien) 19. The Outsider (Albert Camus) 20. The Trial (Franz Kafka) 21. Gone with the Wind (Margaret Mitchell) 22. The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (Douglas Adams) 23. Midnight’s Children (Salman Rushdie) 24. A Clockwork Orange (Anthony Burgess) 25. Sons and Lovers (D. H. Lawrence) 26. To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf) 27. If This is a Man (Primo Levi) 28. Lolita (Vladimir Nabokov) 29. The Wasp Factory (Iain Banks) 30. Remembrance of Things Past (Marcel Proust) 31. Of Mice and Men (John Steinbeck) 32. Beloved (Toni Morrison) 33. Possession (A. S. Byatt) 34. Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad) 35. A Passage to India (E. M. Forster)

367 368 Appendix 8

36. Watership Down (Richard Adams) 37. Sophie’s World (Jostein Gaarder) 38. The Name of the Rose (Umberto Eco) 39. Love in the Time of Cholera (Gabriel García Márquez) 40. Rebecca (Daphne du Maurier) 41. The Remains of the Day (Kazuo Ishiguro) 42. The Unbearable Lightness of Being (Milan Kundera) 43. Birdsong (Sebastian Faulks) 44. Howard’s End (E. M. Forster) 45. Brideshead Revisited (Evelyn Waugh) 46. A Suitable Boy (Vikram Seth) 47. Dune (Frank Herbert) 48. A Prayer for Owen Meany (John Irving) 49. Perfume (Patrick Suskind) 50. Doctor Zhivago (Boris Pasternak) 51. Gormenghast Trilogy (Mervyn Peake) 52. Cider with Rosie (Laurie Lee) 53. The Bell Jar (Sylvia Plath) 54. The Handmaid’s Tale (Margaret Atwood) 55. The Magus (John Fowles) 56. Brighton Rock (Graham Greene) 57. The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists (Robert Tressell) 58. The Master and Margarita (Mikhail Bulgakov) 59. Tales of the City (Armistead Maupin) 60. The French Lieutenant’s Woman (John Fowles) 61. Captain Corelli’s Mandolin (Louis de Bernières) 62. Slaughterhouse 5 (Kurt Vonnegut) 63. A Room with a View (E. M. Forster) 64. Lucky Jim (Kingsley Amis) 65. It (Stephen King) 66. The Power and the Glory (Graham Greene) 67. The Stand (Stephen King) 68. All Quiet on the Western Front (Erich Maria Remarque) 69. Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha (Roddy Doyle) 70. American Psycho (Bret Easton Ellis) 71. Lady Chatterley’s Lover (D. H. Lawrence) 72. The Bonfire of the Vanities (Tom Wolfe) 73. The Rainbow (D. H. Lawrence) 74. 2001: A Space Odyssey (Arthur C. Clarke) 75. The Tin Drum (Günter Grass) 76. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Alexander Solzhenitsyn) 77. Jurassic Park (Michael Crichton) 78. The Alexandria Quartet (Lawrence Durrell) 79. Cry the Beloved Country (Alan Paton) 80. High Fidelity (Nick Hornby) 81. The Van (Roddy Doyle) 82. Earthly Powers (Anthony Burgess) 83. I, Claudius (Robert Graves) 84. The Horse Whisperer (Nicholas Evans) Appendix 9 Which companies owned what imprints at the end of the twentieth century

Company Imprint

Reed Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann Charles Knight Publishing Ginn Mitchell Beazley Tolley Elsevier Science Pearson Penguin Viking Frederick Warne Simon & Schuster Meridian Michael Joseph Longman Addison Wesley Longman News Corporation HarperCollins Collins Flamingo Thomson Thomson Nelson Bertelsman Secker & Warburg Vintage Transworld Corgi Anchor Bantam Black Swan Random House Bodley Head Chatto & Windus Jonathan Cape Doubleday Mandarin (Continued)

369 370 Appendix 9

Company Imprint

Methuen Hutchinson Holtzbrinck Macmillan Macmillan Heinemann ELT Sidgwick & Jackson Picador Pan Orion Weidenfeld & Nicolson Orion Phoenix Cassell Hodder Headline Hodder & Stoughton New English Library Headline

Source: Key Note, 1999. Appendix 10 From the Bookseller (Web page: 20 Dec. 1999)

It was only a matter of time before Internet booksellers began giving books away free. Last week’s offer of free books from Bol.com was only the latest wheeze in an Internet price war that is as gripping as it is alarming. In the space of just two hours www.uk.bol.com gave away 20,000 books at a cost of more than £100,000. In return, it got 40,000 book buyers to register their e-mail addresses, and lengthy articles in at least two national newspapers. In terms of marketing spend it was a cheap deal. The genesis of this latest battle for market share on the Internet can be dated back to May this year, when US Internet bookseller Amazon.com pushed the dis- counts it offered on New York Times bestsellers up from 40% to 50%. The move was immediately followed by Barnesandnoble.com and Borders.com as a tidal wave of escalating discounts swept across the US. According to Rick Latham, managing director of W. H. Smith, WHS Online (which includes the Internet Bookshop), Amazon.com’s move was not ‘mould- breaking’, the Internet Bookshop had discounted Terry Pratchett’s Carpe Jugulum (Doubleday) at 50% last Christmas and Alphabetstreet.com started discounting bestsellers at 50% in March. But if Amazon.com did not break the mould, it cer- tainly swept away the pieces, and it did not take long for UK Internet booksellers to follow the lead set by their cousins across the pond. WHS Online (which relaunched officially in April) and its subsidiary the Inter- net Bookshop were the first to move, boosting the discount on bestselling hard- backs from 40% to 50% at the beginning of June, two weeks after Amazon.com’s increase. Barely a week later both Amazon.co.uk and Bol.com announced similar strate- gies as the pricing war hit UK based Internet sites. One week on and Bol.com trumped everyone when it announced a summer promotion with paperback bestsellers such as Lisa Jewell’s Ralph’s Party (Penguin) and Ian McEwan’s Booker winning Amsterdam (Vintage) priced at £2, or, in some cases, a discount of 70%. WHS Online retaliated in mid-July with an offer of an extra 10% discount on all of its 1.4 million titles until 11th August. This pushed the discount on its best- selling hardbacks and summer reading titles to 60%. Publisher reaction to this has, so far, been minimal. As managing director of Amazon.com Simon Murdoch points out, it is the Internet booksellers that are taking the hit, with publishers enjoying increased sales and, in some cases, increased publicity as a result of the booksellers’ sacrifice. But the furore which erupted around Thomas Harris’s novel Hannibal (W. M. Heinemann), which was heavily discounted both online and offline, has raised fears about the sense and long-term viability of such pricing strategies, even if they are limited to a small selection of bestselling or specially promoted titles.

371 372 Appendix 10

Internet booksellers argue that these short-term promotions on a minority of titles are about buying market share and encouraging book buyers to use the Internet. But as the size of the market grows so will its influence on the tradi- tional book trade, with discounting likely to become a serious issue faced by all booksellers. The Internet book market was thought to be worth about £30 million in 1998 (roughly the size of two Foyles bookshops or one small chain), but with increas- ing numbers using the Web, and growing confidence in virtual shopping, pre- dictions that over the next five years the Internet will account for between 15% and 20% of the book market do not seem that far fetched. The fact is that nobody knows how fast it is going to grow, but estimates that suggest Internet book sales could be worth as much as £600m by 2003 are probably not far off the mark. If this proves true, then, as Sridhar Gowda, owner of the small independent bookshop Country Bookstore, which operates its own Website (countrybook- store.co.uk), argues, traditional booksellers will need to be active on the Net. If they are not, they will risk seeing their market share eroded, as has already happened in the face of competition from supermarkets and book superstores. There are suggestions that this is already happening. According to Whitaker BookTrack, the general retail market (which includes high street booksellers, independents and supermarkets) has fallen marginally in the first half of this year when compared to last year, with sales in the first six months of 1991 of £331.7m against £333.5m last year. It is difficult to imagine that the Internet is not a factor in this. But if traditional booksellers do decide to compete in this arena, what strategy can they employ? The challenge they must face is at what level they will need to discount to compete with Internet booksellers. How will this affect pricing in their offline store? How should the traditional retailers react when bestsellers are used as loss-leaders by retailers who are more interested in market share than profit, and who have deeper pockets than most bricks and mortar booksellers? Publishers face a completely different set of questions. As Internet bookselling grows, so too will its influence on publishers’ trade terms. There has already been some resistance to Amazon.co.uk’s efforts to move to direct supply, but in the long term it is inevitable. With WHS Online backed by W. H. Smith, the UK’s largest bookseller, and Bol.com part of Bertelsmann, one of the largest media groups in the world, it will be difficult for publishers to hold firm on terms. It is inevitable that Internet booksellers will not want to continue funding their discounts alone. Special promotions on the high street already receive special terms from publishers and this model could easily transfer to the Internet. It could be said that a sustainable business model for selling books on the Inter- net has not yet been discovered and, ultimately, discounts will be clawed back, although no one spoken to in relation to this article seemed to imagine that this was a possibility in the short term. If the business model for Internet bookselling retains its current form then it may only be a matter of time before the whole industry starts taking the hit for the unprofitable discounts that the consumer has now been educated to expect. If this is the case, it is almost exactly what the industry feared would happen after the demise of the Net Book Agreement. More books may be being sold but at cheaper prices meaning, inevitably, less investment in the future for new authors and ultimately less range. Appendix 10 373

On the other hand, the Internet and Internet booksellers have helped to create a ‘buzz’ about books that is unparalleled in recent publishing history. A book- seller, Amazon.com, is the leading e-commerce company in the world. Rather than being pushed into the background by new technologies, the written word has emerged as central to the e-revolution. The industry, authors, booksellers, publishers, ignore this at their peril. Appendix 11 Comparative paperback bestseller lists showing relative change over the last decade of the twentieth century

1992 1999 1. Jilly Cooper (Br) 1. Maeve Binchy (IR) 2. Jeffrey Archer (Br) 2. John Grisham (US) 3. Wilbur Smith (SA) 3. Patricia Cornwell (US) 4. Frederick Forsyth (Br) 4. Nick Hornby (Br) 5. Barbara Taylor Bradford (Br) 5. Tom Clancy (US) 6. Catherine Cookson (Br) 6. Danielle Steel (US) 7. Catherine Cookson (Br) 7. Danielle Steel (US) 8. Dick Francis (Br) 8. Jeffrey Archer (Br) 9. Stephen King (US) 9. Catherine Cookson (Br) 10. Tom Clancy (US) 10. Robert Harris (Br) 11. Danielle Steel (US) 11. Stephen King (US) 12. Sidney Sheldon (US) 12. Nicholas Evans (Br) 13. Danielle Steel (US) 13. Danielle Steel (US) 14. Judith Krantz (US) 14. Sidney Sheldon (US) 15. Len Deighton (Br) 15. Sebastian Faulks (Br) 16. John Grisham (US) 16. James Patterson (US) 17. Jean Auel (US) 17. Dick Francis (Br) 18. Stephen Fry (Br) 18. Terry Pratchett (Br) 19. Ken Follett (Br) 19. Catherine Cookson (Br) 20. Ben Elton (Br) 20. Patricia Cornwell (US) 21. Jack Higgins (Br) 22. Joanna Trollope (Br) 23. Rosamunde Pilcher (Br)

Source: Writers’ and Artists’ Yearbook, 2001.

Joanna Trollope, Josephine Cox, Ruth Rendell and P. D. James all narrowly missed top-twenty status. Removing authors who entered the list for one book or for special reasons (after the award of a literary prize) leaves a remarkably con- servative result. Readers’ tastes and publishers’ instincts remain static for long periods.

374 Appendix 12 World Book Day 2000 Poll to find Britain’s favourite writers

World Book Day 2000 was part of a continuing UNESCO project to foster reading awareness amongst children. It was sponsored in the United Kingdom by Harper- Collins and carried out by public relations company Coleman Getty on behalf of Book Marketing Ltd. Over 4,000 bookshops and libraries were polled to find Britain’s favourite writers. It is not surprising that Roald Dahl and J. K. Rowling (both children’s writers) headed the list, nor that they were followed by Terry Pratchett (who appeals to both younger and older readers). Discounting these writers (as well as Jane Austen who polled seventh, Dickens who polled thirteenth and Shakespeare who came in at number 50 on the original list), the following authors represented the most famous fiction writers for adults at the Millennium.

1. Catherine Cookson 18. Iain Banks 2. Maeve Binchy 19. Jack Higgins 3. Dick Francis 20. Mary Higgins Clark 4. Stephen King 21. Anne McCaffrey 5. Danielle Steel 22. Ellis Peters 6. J. R. R. Tolkien 23. Ian Rankin 7. Wilbur Smith 24. Sebastian Faulks 8. Patricia Cornwell 25. Tom Clancy 9. John Grisham 26. Barbara Erskine 10. Josephine Cox 27. Margaret Forster 11. Rosamunde Pilcher 28. Dean Koontz 12. Bernard Cornwell 29. George Orwell 13. Agatha Christie 30. Graham Greene 14. Joanna Trollope 31. James Patterson 15. Patrick O’Brian 32. Colin Forbes 16. Georgette Heyer 33. P. G. Wodehouse 17. Ruth Rendell 34. Colin Dexter

375 Notes

Notes to Introduction to the Second Edition

1. See for instance Tania Modleski, Loving With a Vengeance: Mass-produced Fan- tasies for Women (Routledge, 1982). This book was one of the first to take Harlequin romances, gothic novels and soap opera seriously and to try to avoid either applying high cultural criticism or the value judgements made by male critics of popular culture. As a first stage in reconstructing women’s popular reading habits Modleski’s approach broke new ground. Her book was followed by a steady stream of others including Romance Revisited edited by Lynne Pearce and Jackie Stacey (Lawrence and Wishart, 1995) which brought the story of women’s fiction into the age of AIDS as well as looking at inter-racial romance. For one of the best and most carefully considered contemporary approaches to the subject, especially the introductory overview since the 1980s see Merja Makinen, Feminist Popular Fiction (Pal- grave, 2001). 2. Richard Todd, Consuming Fictions: The Booker Prize and Fiction in Britain Today (London: Bloomsbury, 1996). 3. Ibid., p. 8. 4. Ibid., p. 20. 5. Ibid., p. 117. 6. Ibid. 7. S. H. Steinberg, Five Hundred Years of Printing (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955), p. 233. 8. Ibid., p. 238. 9. Leslie Shepard, The History of Street Literature (Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1973), p. 31. 10. Ibid., pp. 31–2. 11. See especially the ‘guilt’ theory of working-class literary production and it’s gender implications put forward by Pamela Fox in Class Fictions (Durham and London: Duke University, 1994) ‘where resistance’ is paramount rather than individuals ‘overcoming’ of adversity. 12. John J. Richetti, Popular Fiction Before Richardson: Narrative Patterns 1700–1739 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p. 2. 13. John Carey, The Intellectuals and Masses: Pride and Prejudice Among the Liter- ary Intelligentsia 1880–1939 (London: Faber and Faber, 1992), p. 6. 14. Ibid., p. 12. 15. D. J. Taylor, After the War: The Novel and England since 1945 (London: Flamingo, 1993); Peter Ackroyd, Albion (London: Vintage, 2004). 16. Taylor, After the War, p. xxiv. 17. Steinberg, Five Hundred Years of Printing, p. 233. 18. Kate Flint, The Woman Reader 1937–1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 12. 19. Ibid., pp. 11–12.

376 Notes 377

20. There has been a positive explosion of interest in detective writing amongst academics since the 1980s, most notably the Crime Files series from Palgrave, but also books such as Stephen Knight, Crime Fiction 1800–2000 (Palgrave, 2004) and the resurrection of journals such as Clues. Much emphasis has been placed on the serious intellectual study of the novels of Agatha Christie which conveniently combine the best features of the middle-brow romance (with its emphasis on economic home-making) and the puzzle mystery. In the early years of the twenty-first century the detective genre shows no signs of losing its power especially with its grip on much television viewing. 21. Evening Standard, 20 Aug. 2007. 22. Metro, 21 Apr. 2005. 23. The Times, 27 Feb. 2007. 24. Amy Cruse, The Victorians and their Books (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935), p. 29. 25. Evening Standard, 12 Nov. 2007. 26. Philip Waller, Writers, Readers and Reputations: Literary Life in Britain 1870–1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 335. 27. Sir Stanley Unwin, The Truth About Publishing (London: George Allen Unwin Limited, 1926), p. 263. 28. Ibid., p. 6. 29. Evening Standard Supplement, 2 Dec. 2005. 30. Guardian, 14 Mar. 2007. 31. Evening Standard, 29 Nov. 2004. 32. Steinberg, Five Hundred Years of Printing, p. 243. 33. Guardian, 29 July 1999. 34. Independent, 1 Aug. 2007.

Notes to Chapter 1: Origins, Problems and Philosophy of the Bestseller

1. Bram Stoker, quoted in Richard Dolby, ‘Hall Caine’, The Bram Stoker Society Journal, no. 11 (1999), p. 24. 2. Thomas F. G. Coates and R. S. Warren-Bell, Marie Corelli: The Writer and the Women (London: Hutchinson, 1903), p. 264. 3. Robert Calasso, The Ruin of Kasch, tr. William Weaver and Stephen Sartarelli (London: Vintage, 1994), p. 16. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., p. 40. 9. George MacDonald Fraser, quoted in Million, no. 2 (Mar.–Apr. 1991), pp. 6–7.

Notes to Chapter 2: How the British Read

1. Augustus D. Webb, The New Dictionary of Statistics (London: Routledge and Sons, 1911). 378 Notes

2. Charles Jeffries, Illiteracy: A World Problem (London: Pall Mall, 1967), p. 6. 3. Cyril Burt, ‘The Education of Illiterate Adults’, in British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 15 (1945), p. 21. 4. See David Barton and Mary E. Hamilton, Researching Literacy in Industrialised Countries: Trends and Prospects (Lancaster: Lancaster University/UNESCO, 1990). 5. See Anon., A Right to Read: Action for a Literate Britain (London: British Association for Settlements, 1974). 6. Greg Brooks, ‘What national surveys tell us about performance in reading’, on the National Library Trust Database website (Oct. 1999). 7. Information from ‘Reading Habits in the UK’, on the National Literacy Trust Database website (Oct. 1999); Anon., Adult Literacy in Britain (London: The Stationery Office, 1997); and Anon., Literacy Skills for the Knowledge Society: Further Results from the International Adult Library Survey (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997), quoted in Jennifer Wellman, unpublished research paper (South Bend: University of Notre Dame, 1999). 8. Ibid., p. 21. 9. Information from ‘Most Borrowed Authors and Books’, on the Public Lending Right Database website (Oct. 1999). 10. See Anon., Attitudes towards Reading: A Report (London: National Literacy Trust, 1998), p. 19. These figures are obviously contradicted by the sugges- tion in the Moser Report (1999) that at least 23 per cent of Britons may be illiterate, a suggestion repeated in the Daily Telegraph two years later (10 Feb. 2001). The Evening Standard (25 Mar. 1999) claimed that ‘7 million adults can’t read’. The ability to read at all is different from a low level of reading capability, at which level many such people operate (there is, of course, no absolute measure of competence). The extreme variations of measurement suggest difficulties inherent in testing and monitoring and in experimental expectations. 11. John Conston, quoted in Joseph McAleer, Popular Reading and Publishing in Britain, 1914–1950 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), p. 87. 12. Clive Bloom (ed.), Literature and Culture in Modern Britain, 1900 to 1929 (Harlow: Longman, 1996), p. 123. 13. McAleer, Popular Reading and Publishing, p. 64. 14. Edith Thompson and her lover Frederick Bywaters were convicted during 1922 for the murder of her husband. Despite pleas for clemency Edith was hanged. The case became one of the most celebrated and notorious in British criminal history, not least because of the erotic and romantic nature of Edith’s diaries, her ‘novelistic’ imagination and the combination of these with her lower middle-class origins. 15. Bloom, Literature and Culture, 1900 to 1929, p. 134. 16. Clive Bloom, Literature, Politics and Cultural Confusion in Britain Today (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000), p. 201. 17. Clive Bloom and Gary Day (eds), Literature and Culture in Modern Britain, 1956 to 1999 (Harlow: Addison Wesley/Longman, 1999), p. 126. 18. Kristina Zurcher, unpublished research paper (South Bend: University of Notre Dame, 1999). 19. Bookseller, Jan. 1951. Notes 379

20. Ibid., Feb. 1953. 21. Zurcher, unpublished paper. 22. Bookseller, Aug. 1957. 23. Ibid., Oct. 1961. 24. Ibid., Aug. 1961. 25. Amy Cruse, The Victorians and Their Books (London: Allen and Unwin, 1935), p. 315. 26. See ‘Reading Habits in the UK’ (National Library Trust, Oct. 1955). 27. See ‘Most Borrowed Authors and Books’ (Public Lending Right, Oct. 1999). 28. Mass Observation Archive, no. 782 ‘US13’ (26/4/1940), p. 124. 29. Ibid., p. 125. 30. Ibid., p. 125. 31. Ibid., pp. 125–6. 32. Ibid., p. 127. 33. Ibid., p. 128. 34. Ibid., p. 129. 35. Chris Smith, quoted in the Evening Standard, 3 Feb. 2000. 36. John Feather, A History of British Publishing (London: Routledge, 1988), p. 137. 37. J. A. Sutherland, Fiction and the Fiction Industry (London: Athlone Press, 1978), p. xxi. 38. Ibid., p. xxi. 39. Elyce Deeb, quoted in Clive Bloom, Literature, Politics and Cultural Confusion in Britain Today, p. 73. 40. Christina Foyle, quoted in the Bookseller, May 1953. 41. S. H. Steinberg, Five Hundred Years of Printing (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955), p. 255. 42. Ibid., p. 256. 43. Bookseller, March 1920. 44. Ibid., [no month] 1923. 45. Ibid., March 1940. 46. Sutherland, Fiction and the Fiction Industry, p. 5. 47. Christina Foyle, quoted in the Bookseller, March 1940. 48. Sutherland, Fiction and the Fiction Industry, p. x. 49. Ibid., p. xi. 50. Michael Grant, Penguin’s Progress (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960), p. 20. 51. Bookseller, Dec. 1957. 52. Ibid., Oct. 1969. 53. Ibid., July 1969. 54. Ibid. 55. Guardian, 31 Jan. 1976, in Sutherland, Fiction and the Fiction Industry, pp. 12–13. 56. Bookseller, March 1994. 57. Ibid. 58. Ibid. 59. Guardian, 7 March 1992. 60. As early as April 1968 the Bookseller had noted the importance of comput- erisation to book trade work, first used by the Greater London Council when ordering using IBM computers. 380 Notes

61. Key Note, p. 47. 62. In 1994 only Dillons and Hammicks opposed the NBA (see Bookseller, Sept. 1974). 63. Bookseller, Dec. 1998. 64. Key Note, p. 6. 65. Ibid.

Notes to Chapter 3: Genre: History and Form

1. Anon., The Life of Florence L. Barclay: A Study in Personality (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1921), p. 240. 2. Ibid., pp. 242–3. 3. Ibid., p. 24. 4. Ibid., p. 310. 5. Robert Graves and Alan Hodge, The Long Week-End: A Social History of Great Britain, 1918–1939 (London: Hutchinson, [1940] 1985). 6. For an explicit commentary on European fascism, see Rex Warner, The Aerodrome (1941). The first novelistic reference to fascism in Britain seems to be in Bruce Graeme, Blackshirt (1925). 7. Bookseller, June 1955. 8. Martin J. Wiener, English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850–1950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 102. 9. Joseph McAleer, ‘Scenes from Love and Marriage: Mills and Boon and the Popular Publishing Industry in Britain, 1908–1950’, in Twentieth Century British History, vol. 1, no. 3 (1990), p. 267. 10. Ibid., p. 270. 11. Ibid., p. 272. 12. George Paizis, ‘Love and the Novel: The Poetics and Politics of Romantic Love’ (unpublished manuscript), p. 17. 13. Ibid., p. 1. 14. Ibid.

Notes to Chapter 4: Literature for Children

1. Peter Hunt, ‘Defining Children’s Literature’ in Sheila Egoff, Gordon Stubbs, Ralph Ashley and Wendy Sutton (eds), Only Connect (Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 1996) pp. 2–17 at 15. 2. Ibid., p. 3. 3. Marcus Crouch quoted ibid., p. 3. 4. Hunt, ‘Defining Children’s Literature’, p. 3. 5. Ibid., p. 15. 6. John Cooper and Jonathan Cooper, Children’s Fiction 1900–1950 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), p. vii. 7. Ibid. 8. Jeffrey Richards, in Mary Cadogan, Frank Richards, The Chap behind the Chums (Claverley, Shropshire: Swallowtail, 1988), pp. 2–3. 9. Maurice Hall, ‘I Say You Fellows! The Biography of Charles Hamilton (Sutton, Surrey: Wharton Press, 1990), p. 15. Notes 381

10. Richards, in Cadogan, Frank Richards, p. 2. 11. Mary Cadogan, The Woman Behind William (London: Macmilan, 1986), p. xv. 12. Ibid., p. 22. 13. Ibid., p. 7. 14. Ibid., p. 6. 15. Peter Haining, Paths to the Riverbank (London: Blandford, 1983). 16. Ibid., p. 17. 17. Ibid., p. 19. 18. Barbara Stoney, Enid Blyton (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1974), pp. 46–7. 19. Ibid., pp. 134–5. 20. Cadogan, Frank Richards, p. 2. 21. Stoney, Enid Blyton, pp. 148–9. 22. Ibid., p. 166. 23. C. S. Lewis, Of Other Worlds (1982), p. 2. 24. Roger Lancelyn Green, J. M. Barrie (London: Bodley Head, nd), p. 29.

Notes to Chapter 5: Further Thoughts on Literature for Children

1. No. 38 ‘School Bombing’ of the ‘Battle’ series was actually banned in Britain. 2. Peter Hunt, An Introduction to Children’s Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 96. 3. Clive Bloom, Cult Fiction: Popular Reading and Pulp Theory (Basingstoke: Pal- grave, 1996), p. 7. 4. Hunt, Introduction to Children’s Literature, p. 107. 5. Harry Ricketts, The Unforgiving Minute: A Life of Rudyard Kipling (London: Pimlico, 1999), p. 290. 6. Hunt, Introduction to Children’s Literature, pp. 101–2. 7. Ibid., p. 102. 8. Ricketts, Unforgiving Minute, p. 289. 9. Ibid. 10. Rudyard Kipling, Puck of Pook’s Hill (London: Macmillan [1906] 1987), p. 8. 11. Ricketts, Unforgiving Minute, p. 289. 12. Hunt, Introduction to Children’s Literature, p. 103. 13. Rudyard Kipling, Rewards and Fairies (London: Macmillan, [1910] 1923), p. 1. 14. H. G. Wells, Little Wars (New York: De Capo Press [1913] 1979), p. 1. 15. George Orwell, ‘Why I Write’ in Decline of the English Murder and Other Essays (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1988), p. 21. 16. Ibid., p. 57. 17. Ibid., p. 23. 382 Notes

Chapter 6: The Best-Selling Authors of the Twentieth Century

1. Anon., Life of Florence L. Barclay: A Study in Personality (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1921), p. 240. 2. David Pringle, Imaginary People (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996), p. 105. 3. Rosemary Herbert, Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 1113. 4. Vivien Allen, ‘Hall Caine: Prince of Romantic Novelists’, Million, no. 8 (March–April 1992), p. 44. 5. John Lucas, in Lesley Henderson, Twentieth Century Romantic and Historical Writers (London: St James, 1990), p. 283. 6. Brian Stableford, ‘Yesterday’s Bestsellers: Robert Hichens and The Garden of Allah’, Million, no. 3 (May–June 1992), pp. 50–1. 7. Pringle, Imaginary People, p. 213. 8. Penelope Dell, Nettie and Sissie: A Biography of Bestselling Novelist Ethel M. Dell and her Sister Ella (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1977), pp. xiii–xiv. 9. Henderson, Twentieth Century Romantic and Historical Writers, p. 365. 10. Mary Hicken and Ray Prytherch, Now Read On: A Guide to Contemporary Popular Fiction (Aldershot: Gower, 1990). 11. Times Literary Supplement, 18 January 1957. 12. Christopher Wordsworth, quoted in Million, no. 7 (Jan.–Feb. 1992), p. 9. 13. Karen Lorenz and Annie Thompson, research paper (unpublished). 14. Times Literary Supplement, September 1957. 15. Herbert, Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writers, p. 978. 16. Pringle Imaginary People, pp. 63–4. 17. Jackie Collins, quoted on Web page: www.romwell.com. 18. D. L. Kirkpatrick (ed.), Contemporary Novelists (London: St James, 1972), p. 585. 19. Quoted in Richard Joseph, Bestsellers: Top Writers Tell How (Chichester: Summersdale, 1998), p. 152. 20. Catherine Cookson, Catherine Cookson Country: Her Pictorial Memory (London: Heinemann, 1986), p. 30. 21. Quoted in Clive Bloom, Gothic Horror: A Guide from Poe to Stephen King (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998), pp. 96–7. 22. Judith Krantz, Internet home page. 23. Wendy Bradley, ‘Judith Krantz’, Million, no, 2 (March–April 1991), p. 31. 24. Shirley Chew, in D. L. Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Novelists (London and Chicago: St James, 1986) p. 728. 25. Hicken and Prytherch, Now Read On, p. 26. Bibliography

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Abnett, Dan 259 Axton, David (Dean Koontz) 318 Acker, Kathy 48 Ayres, Ruby M. 81, 194, 259, 361 Ackroyd, Peter 11 Adams, Douglas 259–60 Bach, Richard 3, 229 Adams, Richard 123, 232, 260–1 Bachman, Richard (Stephen King) Adamson, Joy 232 314 Agutter, Jenny 150 Bagley, Desmond 265–6 Ahern, Celia 229, 312 Bagshaw, Louise 75, 307 Ahlberg, Allan 272, 303 Bagshawe, Tilly 307 Ahlberg, Janet 303 Baigent, Michael 40 Aiden, Pamela 2 Baker, Anne 281 Ainsworth, W. Harrison 241 Baldacci, David 266, 332 Akunin, Boris 332 Baldwin, Stanley 117 Albom, Mitch 229 Ballantyne, R. M. 133, 143, 146, 153, Aldiss, Brian 234 154, 164, 166 Ali, Monica 15, 16, 261 Ballard, J. G. 234 Allbeury, Ted 261 Banbury, Sir Frederick 67 Allen, Grant 164 Banks, Iain M. 234, 267, 332 Allen, Richard 48, 91 Barclay, Florence L. 24–5, 80, 110–13, Allingham, Margery 192, 327 165 Amis, Kingsley 1, 207, 238, 262, Barker, Cicely Mary 132 290 Barker, Clive 268, 315 Amis, Martin 106, 207, 262 Barker, Pat 7 Anderson, C. W. 133 Barker, R. E. 99 Andrews, Lyn 281 Barrie, J. M. 132, 146–7, 166–7 Andrews, Virginia 262–3 Bart, Lionel 48–9 Anikin, Mikhail 40 Bates, H. E. 229–30 Appleton, Honor C. 132 Baxendale, Leo 157 Archer, Jeffrey 101, 263 Beaman, S. G. Hulme 132, 133 Ardizzone, Edward 132 Beatles, The 91 Arnott, Jake 13–4, 263–4 Beaverbrook, Lord 60 Ashe, Gordon (John Creasey) 209, Benchley, Peter 77 210 Bennett, Alan 207 Asimov, Isaac 90 Bennett, Arnold 34, 167 Astley, Juliet (Norah Lofts) 247 Benyon, John (John Wyndham) 257 Atkinson, M. E. 132 Berdoll, Linda 2 Attwell, Mabel Lucie 132 Beris, Carrie A. 2 Atwood, Margaret 264–5 Bernard, Jay (Colin Forbes) 291 Auel, Jean M. 265 Besant, Walter 33 Austen, Jane 1–2, 8, 29, 33, 64, 76, Bestall, Alfred 132 79, 81, 217, 324, 375 Binchy, Maeve 74, 269 Avery, Harold 132 Blackman, Malorie 17, 269–70 Awdry, W. V. 17, 207–8 Blackwell, Sir Basil 94

393 394 Name Index

Blair, Emma (Iain Blair) 36, 311–12, Burgess, Melvin 58 332 Burn, Alan 94 Blair, Iain 36, 311–12, 332 Burnett, Frances Hodgson 86, 157 Blair, Kathryn 9 Burnford, Sheila 232 Blake, Nicholas 71 Burns, Patricia 6, 281 Blake, Quentin 132 Burns, Tex (Louis L’Amour) 243 Bland, Herbert 183 Burridge, Richard 98 Blatty, Peter 228 Burroughs, Edgar Rice 38, 86–7, 113, Bloch, Robert 335 161, 170–1, 237 Blond, Anthony 89 Burroughs, William 91 Blume, Judy 230 Burrows, Ken 102 Blyton, Enid 129, 132, 139–43, 151, Burt, Sir Cyril 51, 53 192, 230–1 Bush, George W. 233 Boccaccio 93 Bushnell, Candace 76, 306 Bok, Edward 152 Butler, Richard (Ted Allbeury) 261 Bond, Michael 270 Butler, Samuel 85 Boon, Alan 212 Butterworth, Nick 303 Boon, Charles 125 Bourne, Sam 18 Cabot, Meg 306 Bowling, Harry 281 Cade, Robert 237 Boyars, Marion 94 Caine, Thomas Hall 23–4, 25, 37, 82, Boyce, Leah 103 110, 171–2 Boyd, William 332 Calder, John 91, 94 Bradbury, Malcolm 207, 324 Callaghan, Jim 95 Bradford, Barbara Taylor 270–1, 281, Callagy, Robert 102, 103 283 Calman, Claire 75 Bradman, Tony 304 Campbell, Rod 303 Brand, Max 89 Canavan, Trudi 275 Brazil, Angela 129, 132, 134–5, 136, Cannon, Curt (Ed McBain) 248 151, 157, 168, 231 Capote, Truman 256 Brent-Dyer, Elinor M. 132 Carey, Thomas 140 Brereton, Capt. F. S. 133 Carle, Eric 232–3 Brickell, Paul 86, 120 Carlyle, Thomas 146 Briggs, Raymond 10, 271–2 Carnegie, Andrew 64 Bromfield, Louise 85 Carr, Caleb 13, 107, 276 Brooke-Haven, P. (P. G. Wodehouse) Carr, Philippa (Victoria Holt) 241 203 Carrol, Lewis 146 Brooks, Terry 272, 275 Carter, Angela 163 Brown, Dan 1, 14–15, 21, 37, 40, Cartland, Barbara 25, 35, 45, 108, 107, 124, 273, 276, 332, 334 112, 123, 126, 194, 273–4 Brust, Harold (Peter Cheyney) 209 Cartwright, Stephen 303 Buchan, John 34, 38, 69, 86, 108, Cavendish, Peter (Sidney Horler) 196 113, 131, 168–70, 181, 260, Chandler, Raymond 249 320 Charteris, Leslie 113, 115, 361 Bukowski, Charles 128 Chase, James Hadley 86, 87, 207, Bullen, Anne 132 208, 209, 216, 224, 237 Bunyan, John 4 Chase, Phyllis 140 Burchell, Mary 126, 311 Cheetham, Rosemary 103 Burgess, Anthony 128, 231–2 Cheyney, Peter 87–8, 209, 216, 224 Name Index 395

Christie, Agatha 1, 35, 38, 47, 81, 85, Cronin, A. J. 116, 210, 220 113, 123, 161, 162, 191–2, 220, Crowley, Aleister 119–20, 227, 228 291, 327, 332, 335, 361 Cumming, Primrose 133 Clancy, Tom 77, 101, 115, 276–7, Cunliffe, John 303 342, 348 Curtis, Peter (Norah Lofts) 247 Clark, Mary Higgins 333 Cushing, Peter 150 Clarke, Arthur C. 122, 233–4, 257 Cussler, Clive 284–6 Clarke, Tom 60 Clavell, James 77, 234–5 Dahl, Roald 5, 129, 132, 137, 145–6, Cleland, John 93 286–7, 375 Coben, Harlan 277 Dalrymple, William 16 Coehlo, Paulo 5, 229 Daly, Carroll John 224 Cole, Harry 6, 281 Daniels, Lucy 303 Cole, Martina 1, 14, 263–4, 278, 333 Darke, Tiffanie 75 Cole, Sophie 125, 126 Davidson, Maryjanice 8 Colgan, Jenny 75 Dawkins, Jane 2 Colhoun, Henry 19 Dawkins, Richard 260 Collins, Hunt (Ed McBain) 248 de Angeli, Marguerite 132 Collins, Jackie 34, 38, 44, 91, 101, de Bernières, Louis 287–8 235, 253, 255, 278, 281, 306 Deane, Norman (John Creasey) 209 Collins, Joan 101–4, 235 Deeping, Warwick 81, 82, 193 Collins, Norman 61 Defoe, Daniel 4 Collins, Wilkie 32 Deighton, Len 236, 320, 342 Conquest, Joan 197 Dell, Ethel M. 24–5, 34, 35, 57, 69, Conrad, Joseph 34 81, 108, 112, 157, 193–4, 259, 361 Conran, Shirley 11, 279 Denver, Rod (J. T. Edson) 237 Cooce, M. C. (John Creasey) 209 DeVere Stackpoole, H. 86 Cooce, Margaret (John Creasey) 209 Dexter, Colin 36, 288–9, 311 Cook, M. E. (John Creasey) 209 Dickens, Charles 1, 23, 29, 32, 33–4, Cookson, Catherine 1, 6, 21, 36, 38, 38, 48–9, 79, 81, 86, 146, 361, 375 53, 97, 101, 109, 126, 162, 194, Disney, Walt 137, 142, 143, 150, 200, 259, 279–81, 307, 346, 375 199 Cooper, Henry St John (John Creasey) Dorien, Ray 126 209 Douglas, Lloyd 110, 211 Cooper, James Fenimore 146, 166 Douglas, Michael (Michael Crichton) Cooper, Jilly 14, 73, 101, 282 284 Corelli, Marie (Mary Mackay) 24–5, Douglas, Norman 85 57, 110, 172–3, 194, 229, 312 Doyle, Arthur Conan 38, 46–7, 79, Cornwell, Bernard 282–3 86, 153, 164, 171, 173–5, 183, 288, Cornwell, Patricia 283–4, 332, 334 361 Coughlan, Peggy (Jessica Stirling) 347 Doyle, Paddy 3 Coupland, Douglas 128 Dr Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel) Cox, Josephine 281 340–1 Cradock, Mrs H. C. 133 du Maurier, Daphne 117, 201, Creasey, John 122, 209–10 211–13, 217, 220, 242 Crichton, Michael 101, 115, 171, Dunsany, Lord 123 174, 284, 348 Dwyer, Deanna (Dean Koontz) 318 Crichton Smith, Iain 332 Dwyer, R. K. (Dean Koontz) 318 Crompton, Richmal 136–7, 192 Dyson, Hugo 246 396 Name Index

East, Michael (Morris West) 255 Forbes, Colin (Raymond Harold Easton, Violet 303 Sawkins) 291 Eastwood, Clint 224, 348 Ford, Elbur (Victoria Holt) 241 Eco, Umberto 327 Forest, Antonia 132 Eden, Dorothy 236 Forester, C. S. 120, 123, 214–15, 218, Edson, J. T. 237, 314 283, 287, 293 Edwards, Ellen 132 Forster, E. M. 15, 154, 204 Edwards, Monica 133 Forsyth, Frederick 108, 239, 291 Eliot, George 29 Fox, Anthony (Alexander Fullerton) Eliot, T. S. 40, 47, 204 293 Elliott, Kate 275 Foyle, Christina 79, 81 Ellis, Bret Easton 96 Francis, Dick 101, 292 Ellis, Havelock 183 Francis, Stephen (aka ‘Hank Janson’) Ellroy, James 13 90, 92, 161, 215–16 Elton, Ben 163, 289, 347 Fraser, George MacDonald 48–9, Erikson, Stephen 275 292–3 Evans, Joannie 103 Fraser, Jane (Rosamunde Pilcher) 311, Evans, Nicholas 74, 101, 289–90 328 Frazer, Robert Caine (John Creasey) Faber, Geoffrey 84 209 Fair, A. A. (Erle Stanley Gardner) Freeman, Morgan 328 216 Freud, Sigmund 159, 204 Fairlie Bruce, Dorita 132 Fry, Stephen 347 Falkner, J. Meade 329 Fullerton, Alexander 293–4 Fallon, Martin (Jack Higgins) 302 Furley, Phyllis 2 Fanthorpe, Lionel 90 Farland, David 275 Gaarder, Jostein 74 Farmer, Mary Aline (Mary Wesley) Galloway, Janice 332 352 Galsworthy, John 242 Farnol, Jeffrey 23, 108, 195, 293 Gammerman, Judge Ira 103 Farrar, Frederick 153 Gardner, Erle Stanley 216 Farrow, G. E. 132 Gardner, John 238, 290 Faulks, Sebastian 7, 290 Garland, Alex 294 Fecamps, Elsie (John Creasey) 209 Garner, Alan 3 Feist, Raymond E. 275 Garvice, Charles 56–7, 80, 165, 175, Fenton, Kate 2 259 Fielding, Helen 8, 75–6, 290–1, 306, Geisel, Theodor Seuss (Dr Seuss) 349 340–1 Fielding, Henry 75 Gemmell, David 275 Findlater, Richard 98 Gerard, Louise 125, 126 Fine, Anne 26 Gibson, Charles (Charles Garvice) Fisher Unwin, T. 60–1 175 Fleming, Ian 38, 44, 97, 115, 122, Gibson, William 234 123, 151, 161, 162, 187, 207, 236, Gill, Patrick (John Creasey) 209 238, 290, 291, 322, 342 Gladstone, W. E. 23 Flying Officer X (H. E. Bates) 229, Glyn, Elinor 56, 110, 113, 157, 230 175–6, 194, 197, 251, 259 Follet, Ken 342 Goddard, Robert 333, 342 Follick, Mont 63 Goldberg, Lucianne 103 Name Index 397

Golden, Arthur 16, 296 Harris, Charlaine 8 Golding, William 217, 246 Harris, Johnson (John Wyndham) Gollancz, Victor 79, 82, 85 257 Goodman, Richard 7 Harris, Robert 298–9, 332 Goodyear, R. A. H. 132 Harris, Thomas 101, 123–4, 299 Goscinny and Uderzo 5 Harrison, Sarah 299–300 Gould, Nat 56, 80, 157, 165, 176–9, Harrod-Eagles, Cynthia 332 292 Hart, Caroline (Charles Garvice) 175 Grafton, Sue 296–7, 333 Harvey, Caroline (Joanna Trollope) Graham, Caroline 332 349 Graham, James (Jack Higgins) 302 Harvey, John 333 Graham, Winston 70, 200, 239 Hassel, Sven 120–1, 314 Grahame, Kenneth 138–9, 156–7, Hawes, James 107 157, 179 Hawkins, Colin and Jacqui 303 Grange, Amanda 1–2 Heath Robinson, W. 132 Graves, Robert 213–14 Heidcamp, Annette 99 Gray, Alasdair 332 Heinrich, Willi 121 Gray, John 75 Heller, Joseph 128, 222 Green, Peter 121 Hemingway, Ernest 85, 183 Greene, Graham 322 Henley, W. E. 147 Gregory, Philippa 297 Henty, G. A. 108, 133, 143, 153, 154, Grenville, Pelham (P. G. Wodehouse) 164 203 Herbert, James 34, 228, 268, 300–1 Grey, Frank R. 132 Hergé, Georges Prosper Remi 5 Grey, Zane 243–4 Heritage, Martin (Sidney Horler) 196 Grindley, Sally 303 Heyer, Georgette 125, 214, 217–18, Grisham, John 35, 77, 97, 101, 295, 247 332 Heyerdahl, Thor 83 Guedalla, Philip 115 Hiaasen, Carl 275, 301, 333 Gurdjieff, G. I. 158 Hichens, Robert 179–81, 197 Gwynne, Howell 151–2 Higgins, Jack (Harry Patterson) 77, 120, 302 Haddon, Mark 2, 26, 297–8 Higson, Charlie 135, 290 Haggard, H. Rider 151, 254–5, Hilder, Rowland 132 260 Hill, Eric 302–3 Hailey, Arthur 77, 240 Hill, Reginald 332 Halliday, Michael (John Creasey) 209, Hill, Susan 17, 304 210 Hilton, James 218–19, 220 Hamilton, Charles (Frank Richards) Hislop, Victoria 18 135–6, 141, 168 Hitchcock, Alfred 64, 239 Hamilton, Laurell K. 298 Hobb, Robin 275 Hammett, Dashiell 85, 249 Hodges, S. Walter 132 Hampson, Frank 157 Hoeg, Peter 74, 99, 305 Hannon, Ezra (Ed McBain) 248 Hogarth, Charles (John Creasey) 209 Hardy, Thomas 10, 11, 203 Holden, Wendy 305–7 Harling, Robert 121 Holland, Dr Bernard 63 Harmsworth, Alfred (Lord Northcliffe) Holland, Sheila (Charlotte Lamb) 60 163, 307, 311 Harraden, Beatrice 356–7 Holt, Tom 330 398 Name Index

Holt, Victoria (Eleanor Burford Jesse, F. Tennyson 329 Hibbert) 241 Johns, W. E. 132, 143, 242–3 Holtby, Winifred 117 Jonker, Joan 281 Home, Stewart 48, 91 Jordan, Penny 6, 237, 311 Hood, Evelyn 6, 281, 332 Jordan, Robert 275 Hope, Anthony 164, 170 Joyce, James 163 Hope, Brian (John Creasey) 209 Hopkins, Cathy 307 Kaushal, Swati 306 Horler, Sidney 57, 85, 113, 157, 169, Kaye, M. M. 312 181, 196 Kellerman, Jonathan 313 Hornby, Nick 105–6, 308 Kellow, Katherine (Victoria Holt) 241 Horowitz, Anthony 132, 135, 238, Kells, Susannah (Bernard Cornwell) 268, 332 282 Hosseini, Khaled 16, 308–9 Kelly, Patrick (Ted Allbeury) 261 Houellebecq, Michel 309 Kelman, James 3, 332, 352 Howard, Audrey 281 Kennedy, Lena 281 Howard, R. E. 38, 123, 275 Kent, Alexander (Douglas Reeman) Howatch, Susan 241–2 123, 333–4 Hudson, Jeffrey (Michael Crichton) Kerouac, Jack 128 284 Kerr, Judith 303 Hughes, Colin (John Creasey) 209 Kesey, Ken 128, 243 Hughes, Shirley 303 Kessler, Leo 121, 314 Hughes, Thomas 48–9, 293 Keynes, John Maynard 204 Hull, E. M. 108, 180, 194, 197, 205, King, Stephen 25, 38, 90, 97, 101, 221 228, 253, 268, 300, 314–15, 318 Hunt, Kyle (John Creasey) 209 King Smith, Dick 303 Hunt, Roderick 303 Kinsella, Sophie (Madeleine Hunter, Evan (Ed McBain) 248–9 Wickham) 306–7, 316 Hutchinson, A. S. M. 197 Kipling, Rudyard 15, 79, 138, 151–6, Huxley, Aldous 115, 122, 161 158–60, 164 Huxley, Julian 115 Knight, Frank 133 Huysman, J. K. 128 Knight, Maxwell 227, 228 Knopf, Alfred A. 275 Igguldon, Conn 309–10 Koontz, Dean 16, 317–18 Inkpen, Mick 303 Krantz, Judith 318–19 Innes, Hammond 219–20, 266 Kubrick, Stanley 122, 231, 234 Ishiguro, Kazuo 16, 118, 310 Kureishi, Hanif 15, 129, 319–20

Jacob, Naomi 81 La Plante, Linda 320, 333 James, Henry 34 Lamb, Charlotte (Sheila Holland) James, M. R. 34 307, 311 James, P. D. 192, 310–11, 327 L’Amour, Louis 243–4 James, Peter 17, 268 Lane, Allen 36, 84–5 James, Vanessa 311 Lange, John (Michael Crichton) 284 Janson, Hank 90, 92, 161, 215–16 Lawrence, D. H. 1, 10–11, 91, 93–4, Jenkins, Amy 75 123, 162, 221, 244–5 Jenkins, Herbert 79 Laymon, Richard 268 Jenkins, Robin 332 le Carré, John 73, 121, 320–1, 342 Jerome, Jerome K. 156 Le Guin, Ursula 275 Name Index 399

Le Queux, William 113–15, 181, 321 Martin, Richard (John Creasey) 209 Leather, Stephen 342 Martin, S. I. 15, 270 Leavis, F. R. 1, 11, 94 Martin, Stella 125 Leavis, Q. D. 84 Marx, Karl 158 Lee, Christopher 150, 228 Masefield, Peter 243 Lee, Laurie 156 Mason, A. E. W. 182–3 Leigh, Richard 40 Matheson, Richard 8 Lejeun, C. A. 62 Mattheson, Rodney (John Creasey) Leon, Donna 332 209 Leonard, Elmore 35, 249 Maugham, W(illiam) Somerset 220–1 Lessing, Doris 245–6 Maurois, André 85 Lever, Charles 66 Maxwell, Gavin 232 Levy, Andrea 15, 321 Maxwell, Robert 94 Lewis, C. S. 132, 144–5, 147, 225, Mayo, Jim (Louis L’Amour) 243 246–7, 336 McAleer, Joseph 207 Llewelyn Davies, Arthur and Sylvia McBain, Ed (Evan Hunter) 248–9 146–7 McCall Smith, Alexander 13, 16, 323 Lochhead, Liz 352 McCrussan, Lauren 75 Locke, W(illiam) J(ohn) 181–2 McCullough, Colleen 97, 323–4 Lofting, Hugh 137 McEwan, Ian 28, 324 Lofts, Norah 247 McIlvanney, William 332 London, Christopher 120 McNab, Andy 324–5, 338, 342 Long, John 79, 80 McNaughton, Colin 303 Loos, Anita 113 McNeile, Herman Cyril (‘Sapper’) 113 Lovecraft, H. P. 38, 123, 128, 315 Metalious, Grace 161, 162, 249, 255 Lowndes, Dorothy Margarette Selby Michener, James A. 250 (Dolf Wyllarde) 125, 190 Mighela, Anthony 323 Ludlum, Robert 21–2, 28, 321–2, 342 Miller, Henry 94 Lusty, Robert 339 Miller, Wade 91 Mills, Gerald 125 Macaulay, Rose 113 Milne, A. A. 47, 130, 131, 133, 138, Macdonald, Ann-Marie 21 139, 179, 191, 198–9, 303 Mackenzie, Compton 85 Miss Read (Dora Saint) 76, 123, 162, MacLean, Alistair 120, 219, 248, 322 323, 338–9 Macleod, Jean S. 126 Mitchell, Margaret 118, 161, 221 Macmillan, Harold 84 Mitchison, Naomi 133 Madden, Cecil 62 Moggach, Deborah 281 Mann, Abel (John Creasey) 209 Monsarrat, Nicholas 120, 221 Mannix, Daniel P. 91, 151 Montalbano, William 301 Manton, Peter (John Creasey) 209 Moorcock, Michael 250–1 Marchant, Catherine (Catherine Moore, Alan 10, 17, 251, 325 Cookson) 279 Morrin, Julian (Morris West) 255 Marlow, Hugh (Jack Higgins) 302 Morris, Marcus 157 Marric, J. J. (John Creasey) 209, 210 Morton, Anthony (John Creasey) 209 Marryat, Captain 157 Morton, H. V. 117–18, 156 Marsden, James (John Creasey) 209 Morton-Sale, Isobel 132 Marsten, Richard (Ed McBain) 248 Mosco, Maisie 281 Marston, Edward 13 Mosley, Sir Oswald 82 Martel, Yann 21, 322 Mosse, Kate 325–6 400 Name Index

Mrs Braddon 32, 56 Pepys, Samuel 4, 14 Mulford, Clarence E. 243 Perdue, Lewis 40 Mulford, Sidney 151 Perry, Anne 13, 332 Murphy, Jill 303 Peters, Elizabeth 332 Peters, Ellis (Edith Mary Pargeter) Nadel, Barbara 332 192, 327, 332 Naipaul, V. S. 15, 246 Phillips Oppenheim, E. 85, 184, 196, Needham, Violet 132 220–1, 273 Neels, Betty 312 Pilcher, Rosamunde 311, 328 Nelson, Joseph 56 Pinter, Harold 246 Nesbit, Edith 183–4 Plaidy, Jean (Victoria Holt) 241 Newbolt, Henry 133, 158 Plum, J. (P. G. Wodehouse) 203 Newman, Andrea 251 Poe, Edgar Allan 146, 315 Niven, Larry 330 Pollock, Major Hugh 141 Nolan, Church (J. T. Edson) 237 Pope, Dudley (Bernard Egerton) 215, North, Freya 75 328–9, 334 Potter, Beatrix 132, 133, 137–8, 142, O’Brian, Patrick 123, 214–15, 326 163, 185–6 O’Brien, Deirdre 126 Pratchett, Terry 5, 251, 329–30, 375 O’Flaherty, Liam 85 Price, Marjorie M. 126 O’Flanagan, Sheila 17 Priestley, J. B. 117, 118, 199–200 O’Neil, Gilda 6 Pullman, Philip 14, 26, 28, 131, 132, Onions, Oliver 188 144, 147, 157–8, 251, 275, 330–1 Orczy, Baroness (‘Emma’ Magdalena Puzo, Mario 251–2 Rosalia Maria Josefa Barbara) 151, 185, 218 Quiller-Couch, Arthur 33 Orwell, George (Eric Blair) 33, 121, Quinn, Seabury 171 136, 158, 158–9, 160, 204, 221, 222, 272 Rackham, Arthur 132 Osborne, John 159 Radcliffe, Anne 4, 241 Ouida 33, 37, 57, 110, 205 Rae, Hugh C. (Jessica Stirling) 347 Owen, Peter 96 Rafcam, Nal 90 Owen, Wilfred 213 Raine, Richard (Colin Forbes) 291 Oxenbury, Helen 303 Rajashree 306 Oxenham, Elsie 132 Ramée, Louise 33 Ranger, Ken (John Creasey) 209 Pack, Scott 20 Rankin, Ian 13, 331–3 Paolini, Christopher 275 Ransome, Arthur 132, 141–2, 158, Paradise, Mary (Dorothy Eden) 236 186–7 Pargeter, Edith (Ellis Peters) 327, 332 Raymond, Ernest 69 Parkes, Lucas (John Wyndham) 257 Rayner, Claire 333 Parkinson, Dan 7 Reagan, Ronald 277 Patterson, Harry (Jack Higgins) 302 Redford, Robert 101, 289 Patterson, James 327–8 Reeman, Douglas 123, 215, 333–4 Paul, Stanley 86 Reichs, Kathy 17, 332, 334 Peake, Mervyn 132 Reilly, William K. (John Creasey) 209 Pearce, Lesley 17, 281 Remi, George (Hergé) 5 Peckinpah, Sam 121 Renault, Mary (Mary Challans) 222–3 Pendleton, Don 224 Rendell, Ruth 192, 327, 334–5 Penny, Stef 208 Renin, Paul 91 Name Index 401

Rhoades, Walter C. 132 Scliar, Moacyr 322 Rhodes, Cecil 158 Scott, Ridley 110 Rice, Anne 7, 8 Scott, Sir Walter 4, 247 Richard, Grant 79 Seale, Sara 9, 126, 212, 311 Richards, Frank (Charles Hamilton) Searle, Ronald 132 132, 135–6, 141, 168 Sebold, Alice 21, 339–40 Richards, I. A. 11 Seierstad, Asne 16 Richardson, Samuel 4 Seth, Vikram 3, 15, 21, 340 Riley, Tex (John Creasey) 209 Seymour, Gerald 238, 342 Riley, W(illiam) 200–1 Shakespeare, William 135, 375 Robbins, Harold 38, 48, 88–90, 91, Sharpe, Tom 342–3 94, 252–3, 255 Shaw, George Bernard 11, 183 Roberts, Charles G. D. 133 Shears, Sarah 343 Roberts, Nora 312 Sheldon, Sidney 91, 344 Robins, Denise 126 Shepard, E. H. 132, 139, 198 Robinson, Peter 332 Shute, Nevil 223–4 Robson, W. W. 62 Simon, Francesca 303 Rohmer, Sax 48, 81, 85, 113, 187 Slaughter, Karen 17, 332, 344–5 Roosevelt, Theodore 138 Smith, Anna 66 Rossetti, D. G. 171 Smith, Chris 72 Rothermere, Lord 60 Smith, Henry Edward 66 Rowland, Effie A. 165, 188 Smith, Henry Walton 66 Rowling, J. K. 5, 14, 17, 21, 26, 106, Smith, Wilbur 74, 123, 254–5 129, 131, 132, 133, 144, 147, 162, Smith, William Henry 66 168, 231, 275, 284, 298, 330, Smith, Zadie 15, 16, 129, 345 335–6, 375 Snicket, Lemony 17, 107, 268 Roy, Arundhati 15 Sosnowski, David 8 Roy, Brandon (Florence L. Barclay) Spillane, Mickey 151, 224–5 165 Staples, Mary Jane 281 Rubenfeld, Jed 13, 18, 276 Steel, Danielle 53, 318, 345–6 Rubens, Bernice 253 Stevenson, Robert Louis 38, 151, Ruck, Berta 108, 188–9 329 Rush, Philip 133 Stine, R. L. 147, 268, 346–7 Rushdie, Salman 15, 129, 336–8 Stirling, Jessica (Peggy Coughlan and Russell, Lord 93 Hugh C. Rae) 347 Ryan, Chris 325, 338, 342 Stoker, Bram 23–4, 86, 164 Stonebraker, Florence 91 Sabatini, Rafael 157, 170, 201, 293, Strachey, Lytton 115 329 Strickland Goodall, John 339 Sackville West, Victoria 85 Susann, Jacqueline 91, 255, 306 Saint, Dora (Miss Read) 76, 123, 162, Sutherland, Joan 125, 126 323, 338–9 Swift, Graham 11 Sallis, Susan 281 Swift, Jonathan 4 Sanderson, Roger 6, 36, 311–12 Syal, Meera 15, 129, 163, 347–8 Sapper (Herman Cyril McNeile) 169, 181, 196, 201–2, 209 Tanner, Charles W. 171 Sassoon, Siegfried 213 Tate, Ellalice (Victoria Holt) 241 Saunders, Kate 274 Taylor, D. J. 11 Sayers, Dorothy L. 85, 192, 327 Tennant, Emma 2 Schmoller, Hans 99 Tennyson Jesse, F. 86 402 Name Index

Thackeray, William Makepeace 23, Ward, Mrs Humphry 86 81, 146 Watkins-Pitchford, Denys 132 Thomas, Craig 348 Webb, Beatrice 183 Thompson, Edith 60–1 Webb, Mary 202–3 Thompson, Flora 156 Weighall, Arthur 197 Thorne, Guy 58–9 Weisberger, Lauren 28 Thursfield, Amanda 350 Weldon, Fay 351 Titchmarsh, Alan 347 Wells, H. G. 34, 57, 110, 113, 115, Tolkien, J. R. R. 1, 14, 26, 123, 129, 122, 151, 156, 164, 174, 183 132, 144, 145, 157, 225–7, 246, Welsh, Irvine 163, 332, 351–2 251, 272, 275, 330, 336, 367 Welsh, Louise 13, 332 Tolstoy, Leo 81 Wesley, Mary 352–3 Townsend, Sue 349 West, C. P. (P. G. Wodehouse) 203 Travers, P. L. 132, 137, 158 West, Morris 255–6 Trocchi, Alexander 128 West, Rebecca 194 Trollope, Anthony 81, 86 Westmacott, Agatha Christie (Agatha Trollope, Joanna 74, 349–50 Christie) 191 Tunnicliffe, C. E. 132 Westmacott, Mary (Agatha Christie) Turow, Scott 295 191, 192 Tyler, Jenny 303 Wheatley, Dennis 119–20, 151, 227–8, 300 Unwin, Philip 83 Whitehouse, Mary 95–6 Unwin, T. Fisher 194 Whitney, Phyllis A. 353 Uttley, Alison 133 Williams, Charles 225 Williamson, Henry 133, 232 Valentino, Rudolph 197 Wilson, Jacqueline 5, 133, 163, van Abbe, S. 132 231 Van Der Beek, Harmsen 142 Windham, Basil (P. G. Wodehouse) Van Lustbader, Eric 22 203 Verne, Jules 113 Winfrey, Oprah 19, 74 Vincenzi, Penny 281 Winterson, Jeanette 354 Vine, Barbara (Ruth Rendell) 334, Wodehouse, P. G. 47, 132, 203–4, 335 221 Wood, Mrs Henry 110, 164 Waddell, Martin 303–4 Woolf, Leonard 204 Waite, Elizabeth 6, 281 Woolf, Virginia 34, 43, 161, 163, Walker, Alice 350–1 204–5 Walker Williams, J. (P. G. Wodehouse) Wouk, Herman 257 203 Wren, P. C. 151, 205 Wallace, Edgar 34, 57, 81, 85, 113, Wright, Nelson G. 237 115, 151, 157, 161, 162, 169, Wyllarde, Dolf (Dorothy Margarette 189–90, 196, 237, 280, 321, 361 Selby Lowndes) 125, 190 Wallace, Lew 110 Wyndham, John (John Harris) 122, Waller, Robert James 74 257–8 Walpole, Horace 4 Walpole, Hugh 71 Yates, Dornford (Cecil William Walters, Minette 332 Mercer) 113, 169, 205–6, 273 Wambaugh, Joseph 256 Yeats, W. B. 153 Warboyes, Sally 6, 281 York, Jeremy (John Creasey) 209, 210 Subject Index

academic opprobrium 42 baby boomer generation 149–50 Adult Literacy Campaign 51 backlists 79, 82, 85, 128 advances 20–1, 75, 97, 101, 102, Badger Books 90 105–6, 173 Barnes and Noble 100 adventure stories 7, 359 Beano 57 advertising 19, 56, 73, 78–9, 83, Becontree Heath, Essex 64 104–5 belle lettres 43 Aerial Age stories 113–15 Best Books for Babies campaign 304 aesthetic values 101–4 bestseller lists 5, 18, 83, 99–100, 101, Aga sagas 35, 36, 38, 349–50 358, 374 age of reading, the 27 bestsellerdom 24, 97 Amazon 83, 100, 371 bestsellers, definition 1, 28–31, 37, anthropomorphised animals 137–9 162 anti-Americanism 92 biographies 115 AOL 161 Black Lace 128 art fiction 43 Bloomsbury Group 204 artistic quality 84 blurbs 90 Arts Council of Great Britain 94, 95 Bol.com 83, 100, 371 attention span 62 book clubs 82–3, 86, 96 authenticity 76–7 Book Marketing Council 304 authors: age 108; age group of Book of the Month Club 82 audience 131; anonymity 30, 33; Book Society 82 authority 24–5; benefits of book trade; see also publishing bestsellerdom 97; branding 33, 38; industry: internationalisation 161; celebrity 17–18, 23–4, 33–4, 105–6, and the Internet 371–3; 347–8; cult of 25, 30; domination modernisation 77–8; regulation 78; of women 101; elite 101; tensions with readers demands emergence of professional 32–5; 27 favourite, 1947 361–2; favourite, Booker Prize 2–3, 104 2000 375; favourite, 2003 5; books: appeal 22; bestsellers favourite, 2007 5; gender divisions subsidising 101; buying 72–3; 36; imagination 140–1; influences demand 67; as information source 108; longevity 122–3; Mills and 27–8; market development 77–81; Boon’s encouragement of new 126; prices 65; readers selection criteria motivation 34; pulp fiction 30; 69–72; seizures 92–3 regional 129; self-pastiche 39; Books Etc. 104 talent (craft) 40; types of best- Bookseller 60, 62, 79, 82, 92, 98–9, selling 161; women 31; working- 100, 118, 126, 371–3 class 34 booksellers 19, 36, 104–5, 358 avant-gardism 48 Booksellers’ Association 78, 94, 98 awards and prizes 16, 104; see also booming 161–2 individual prizes Boots 65, 66

403 404 Subject Index

Borders 104 132, 144–5, 157–8; genre survivors bovver boot adventures 91 132–3; genres 132–3, 133–47; girls boys’ school stories 132, 135–7 134, 150; girls’ school stories 132, branding 21–2, 33, 38, 97, 98, 126, 133–5; historical 133; horror 143, 311 346–7; and identity 158–60; British Association of Settlements illustrations 132; influence on (BAS) 51–2 adult reading habits 157; library British Council Website 350 lending statistics 68; maturation British Crime Writers Association 210 134, 230–1; morality 133; narrative 142; neo-paganism 157–8; and Canada 92, 126–7 popular culture 149–51; public capital investment 77 school adventures 129; religiosity capitalism 50 157–8; Roald Dahl 145–6; science Carter Brown Mystery 91 fiction 144; secret societies 135, Cassell 79 137; sense of history and 152–6; Catholic Association 92 serious 151–60; sexual awareness celebrities 163 134; and television 149; themes of censorship 42, 92–6, 142, 151 loss and recovery 156; for toddlers Chapman and Hall 79 302–4; traditionalism 147–8; war character, in popular fiction 43, 45–6 comics 149–50; young children characters, female 74–6 133 Chatto and Windus 36, 37 cinema 150–1; audience numbers 60; Chaucer Press 92 influence on reading 57–61, 137 cheap editions 79–81 class 22, 34, 133, 150; and library chick lit 2, 7, 35–6, 73, 107, 305–7, usage 68; and literacy 53, 54–5 316 class consolidation 35–6 childhood 131 classic writers, exclusion 29 children: changes in reading habits classicism 41 with age 74; encouragement to classics, the 53, 81 read 73; reading habits 57; and Cold War 121–2 television 62 Collins 80 Children’s and Young Person’s Collins vs. Random House 101–4 (Harmful Publications) Act, 1955 Colonial Library of Copyright Books 92, 95 79 children’s literature: adult as enemy comics 57, 92, 135, 143, 144, 149, 145–7; adult cross over 2, 129, 149–50, 150, 157, 237, 325 131–2, 144, 275, 298, 336; commercial culture 150 adventure stories 132, 139–43; Communist Party of Great Britain American influence 157; animal 92 stories 133, 137–9; appeal across competition 105 age ranges 25–6; awards 303–4; conservatism 108, 127, 129 Blyton’s domination of market contractual obligation 101–4 139–43; boys 133, 135, 149–50; convention 41, 42, 46 boys’ school stories 132, 135–7; copyright 33, 100 Carle’s philosophy 233; censorship Copyright Act (1842) 79 142; as commercial classification corruption 60–1 130–1; and commercial culture costume romances 35 150; concepts 131; contempt for country romance 35 151; definition 26, 130–1; fantasy cover art 90, 98, 131, 215 Subject Index 405 crime and detective fiction 13–14, Festival of Britain 85 35, 36, 40, 86, 107, 123, 249, 256, fiction: definition 28; favourite 263–4, 288–9, 296–7, 310–11, 327, authors, 1947 361–2; favourite 331–3, 334–5, 360, 361 authors, 1987–8 364–5; favourite critical contempt 151 subjects 360–1; greatest books of cross-cultural literature 129 the twentieth century 367–8; cult fiction 91, 128 increase in demand for 78–9; Mass cult followings 48 Observation survey 359–62; power cultural degeneracy 32 of 34; respectability 23 fiction ‘bureaux’ 56 Daily Chronicle 141 film industry 28, 115, 119 Daily Express 60, 63 film novelisations 58–9 Daily News 60–1 film scripts 25 Dandy 57 flim rights 101 Dangerous Lady 278 France 92 Day’s Circulating Library 65 Frasers’ Magazine 12 Dell 85 Free Expression 215 demand 80 Futura 97 Dent 80, 81 depravity, definition 92 gang life and sex and adventure Dillons 104, 105 thrillers 35 discounting 19, 104 gay erotica 128 distribution 32, 77 Gem 136 gender boundaries 36 The Eagle 57, 143, 144, 157 genre fiction; see also individual e-books 25 genres: academics and 109; educational levels 63 categorisation 109–10; children’s educational reforms, 1870 54 literature 132–3, 133–47; educational standards 52 competing sub-genres 128–9; cult Edwardian, intellectual landscape 155 fiction 128; decay 38; development England and Englishness 152–7 of divisions 108–9; divisions English canon 29 107–8; emergence of 35–6; entrepreneurialism 17 exploitation 123–4; favourite ephemerality 39 360–1; library loans 366; longevity eroticism 36, 87, 89, 91, 128 122–3; mixed 107; morality tales escapism 118, 121 110–13; revival 123; social ethnographic change 129 commentary 115–18; stability 108; Evening Standard 93 status 36; stratification 35–6 Everett and Co. 79 genre writers 26, 34 Everyman’s Library 80, 81 ghost tales and tales of the supernatural 35, 119 F. W. Woolworth 84 girls’ school stories 132, 133–5, factual content, increase in 115 230–1 family sagas 6, 35, 36, 281 Gollancz 78, 105–6 fan mail 16–17, 141 Good Housekeeping 56 fan-oriented websites 318 gothic fiction 4, 7, 35, 107, 129, 241, fantasy 90, 123, 129, 132, 144–5, 242, 335, 353 157–8, 251, 272, 275, 329–30 Granta 198 female pornography 33 graphic novels 10, 325 406 Subject Index greatest books of the twentieth International Adult Literacy Survey century 367–8 (IALS) 52–3 Guardian 98 international rights 100 internationalisation 161 Hammer Films 150–1, 228 Internet, the 25, 83, 100, 371–3 Hammicks 104 hardbacks: library purchasing 83; John Cassell 78 market 81–3; and the paperback John Menzies 104 revolution 85; prices 80; Jonathan Cape 78, 82 production numbers 99 juvenile romance 35 Harlequin 126–7, 127–8 HarperCollins 106 Lady Chatterley’s Lover obscenity trial Harper’s Bazaar 56 93–4, 245 Harrods 65 Ladybird 208 health boom, the 123 language 42, 43–5, 49 Heinemann 24, 82 Left Book Club 82 Herbert Committee, the 93 legitimacy 41 historical fiction 35, 115, 133, 247, libraries 24, 30, 32; book buying 73, 274, 293, 361 83, 96–7; book stock 59–60; history, sense of 152–6 building rate 72; Carnegie 67; HMV Media Group 21, 104 censorship 94; changing needs of Hodder and Stoughton 85, 141 users 72–7; closures 72; Hogarth Press 204 commercial 64–7, 96; community Hollywood 115, 119, 176 focus 67–8; diversification 68; homage 46–7 effect of television on 63–4; Horizon 136 financial cutbacks 97; financing Hornet 57 72; function 72; and genre horror 35, 40, 74, 86, 119–20, 268, divisions 109; heavy and light 300–1, 314–15, 346–7, 359 borrowers 72–3; loans 5, 64, 68, hot huddles of sensation 58 126, 280, 292, 303, 307, 346, 353, Hotspur 57, 144, 157, 237 364–5, 366; and Mills and Boon house names 33, 90 125, 126; public 67, 96–7; usage Hutchinson 79 68–73 Hutchinson Famous Novels series Libraries and Museums Act, 1964 96 56–7 Library Association 94 life, identification with fiction 24–5 identity, children’s literature and lifestyle 44–5, 129 158–60 Lion 157 illiteracy 27, 31, 32, 51–2, 53–4, 54, literacy 30–2, 34; and class 53, 54–5; 61; see also literacy decline 148; levels 51–4, 54, 355; Illustrated London News 55 and moral debasement 61; in illustrations 132, 339 practice 54–7 imagination 140–1 literary competence 31 imaginative history 27 literary festivals 18 imperial adventure 35, 123 literary imagination 28 imprints 369–70 literary kitsch 49–50 impulse buys 97 literary production, modes and incomes 63 methods of 26–7 intellectual landscape 155 literary thrillers 35 Subject Index 407 literary universes, evolution of 48–9 multi-culturalism 15–16, 129, 150, 320 literature, as lifestyle 129 multiple storylines 88–9 litigation 40 mundane settings 112 The Living Page (TV programme) 63 mushroom publishers 86, 90, 92 London 54, 92–3 myth 46 London Novels 56 loss and recovery, themes of 153–6, narrative 42–3, 142 156 Nash’s Magazine 140 lost identity 158–60 The Nation 178 Love Spell Book Club 7 National Book League 62, 94 National Book Trust 51 Macmillan 78, 79, 85, 229 National Foundation for Educational magazines 35, 56 Research (NFER) 51–2 magic realism 139, 152–7, 163 National Library Trust 68 Magnet 136 National Service 90 mail order 83 National Year of Reading 51 market: demands 32; development of Nelson 79–80 77–81; and the paperback neo-paganism 157–8 revolution 84 Nestle Smarties Book Prize 303–4 market research 83, 98 Net Book Agreement 78, 104 market success 83 New English Library 91, 151 marketing 34, 83, 98, 124 New York Times bestseller lists 99 mass culture 50 News of the World 55, 56, 60 mass literature 50 newspapers 54–5, 73; circulation mass multi-media publishers 105–6 figures 60; as entertainment 55; Mass Observation, library usage and television 62 interviews 69–72, 359–62 nihilism 49 men’s fiction 76–7 Nobel Prize for literature 217, 246 merchandising 150 non-fiction 115, 361 Mercury Books 94 novelettes 33, 56–7, 86 Mere Christianity 145 mergers and takeovers 105 Obscene Publications Act 93, 95 Mermaid Series 85 Office for National Statistics 52 Michael Joseph 85, 98, 161–2, 339 Orange Prize 104 middle-class, reading habits 55 Organisation for Economic Co- Mills and Boon 6, 9, 35, 36, 57, 65, operation and Development 92, 111, 123, 124–8, 162, 190, 194, (OECD) 52 212, 307, 311–12, 314, 363 Oxford University Press 80 minimalism 43 OZ obscenity trial 95 modern fiction 109 Modern Publishing Company 56 packaging 91, 124 modernity 46 panache 42–3 moral debasement 60–1 paperbacks 57, 78; ascendancy 91; moral reform 34, 38 bestseller lists 374; first million morality: children’s literature 133; sellers 120; prices 84; production Victorian 37 numbers 92, 99; and pulp fiction morality tales 110–13 86–92; revolution 83–6; sales MORI surveys 54 figures 78, 84, 99, 162 Mudie’s library 65, 126 Parachute Press 347 408 Subject Index paranormal romance 298 paperback revolution 83–6; pastiche 46–8, 290, 293 patterns of 161; post-war recovery patriotism 133, 135 96; women in 74, 98 Penguin 19, 36, 78, 79, 84–5, 86, 91, puffing 162 93–4, 106, 120, 245 pulp fiction 30, 38, 81, 86–92, 161 perceptual history 27 personal identity, lost 158–60 quality 11–12, 84 pessimism 118 plagiarism 40, 48, 322 race 269–70 plots 25 racism 142, 149–50 Pocket Classics 80 radio broadcasting 64, 73, 82, 149 poetry 81 Railway Library 79 popular classics 50 Random House 18, 40, 101–4, 106 popular culture 26, 42, 49–50, readers: conservatism 73; demands 149–51 27; social attitudes 73; women popular fiction: character in 43, 73–6 45–6; contempt for 13; cynicism Reader’s Library 58–9, 79 49–50; definition 39; fate of 37–8; reading: corrupting influence on imitative 39; language 42, 43–5; women 60–1; increase in legitimacy 10; mythic mode 46; popularity 58–61; influence of and precedent (tradition) 40–1; cinema 57–61, 137 reinvention 43, 46; remarketing reading ages 51–2 38; and serious fiction 41–2; shelf reading habits 31; see also libraries: life 38 children 57; consistency 4–5; pornography 33, 86, 91, 128 gender preferences 73–7; heavy precedent (tradition) 40–1 and light borrowers 73; influence pricing 28, 80, 84 of children’s literature on adult print, pervasiveness of 27 157; influence of television 61–4, print runs 96, 98–9, 99 64, 81; liberalisation 94–5; private obsession 47 magazines 56; Mass Observation production figures 98–9 survey 69–72, 359–62; middle-class profitability 83, 97, 98, 101 55; newspapers 54–5; novelettes proletarianisation 50 56–7; the serialised novel 56; promotion 17–20 soldiers, WWI 356–7; teenage 74; promotional budgets 97, 104–5 women 12–3, 60–1, 360–1; working propaganda literature 172, 341 class 54–5 pseudonyms 30, 33, 36, 90, realism 121–2, 123 317–18 regional literature 6, 129, 332, public domain 79 351–2 Public Lending Right 68 re-issues 79–81 public school adventures 129 religiosity 157–8 publication figures 58–9 remarketing 37, 38 Publishers’ Association 78, 94 Reprint Society 82 Publishers’ Circular 65 retroism 49 publishing industry: current situation Richard and Judy Book Club 18–19, 96–106; imprints 369–70; market 22 development 77–81; mergers and Right Book Club 82 takeovers 105; modernisation rights 101 31–2, 98; organisation 36; the Robert Hale 89 Subject Index 409 romance 27, 35–6, 36, 40, 46, 91–2, social commentary 115–18 107, 109, 123, 124–8, 127 Society of Authors 33, 78, 93, 94 romances 6–9, 74, 307, 311–12, 359, Society of Young Publishers 94 360, 363 Soho, London 92–3 Routledge (George) 78, 79, 177 Soviet Union 94 Rover 237 Sphere 110 Royal Literary Fund 199 spiritual consolation 110–12 royalties 100 spiritualism 153 spy fiction 35, 113, 121–2, 169, sales figures 3–4, 5, 25, 39, 80, 83. see 320–1, 321–2 also individual authors; accuracy Stanley Unwin 19 161–2; book club 83; and class 22; state of the nation books 115–18 first million seller paperbacks 120; Strand Magazine 23–4, 55 influence of television 17–19, 22, style 42–3 63–4, 74; Internet 371–3; lack of subversion 91 records 28–9; library 73, 83, 96–7; Sunday Companion Library 56 longevity 162; on-line 100; overall supermarket sales 97 161; paperbacks 78, 84, 99, 162; supernatural thrillers 119–20 supermarkets 97; US 99, 162 sword and sorcery 123, 251 Sampson Low, Marston and Sydney Referee 177 Company 142 SAS 324–5, 338 talking books 68 scale, economy of 82 Teacher’s World 141 science fiction 35, 40, 86, 88, 90, team writers 90 109, 122, 144, 145, 171, 234, 251, technological detail 76–7 257–8, 267, 317, 329–30 technological thrillers 113–15, 276–7, self-pastiche 39 348 semi-literate population 51 teenagers 74 sensationalism 88, 91, 94–5 television: and children’s literature serial rights 83 149; debilitating effects 63; and serialised novel, the 56, 65 genre fiction 115; and illiteracy 61; serious fiction 2–3, 7, 41–2, 104; influence on book sales 17–19, 22, children’s literature 151–60 63–4, 74; influence on reading seven-penny library 79 61–4, 81 seven-penny series of Copyright Tesco 97 Fiction 79 thrillers 14–15, 113–15, 342 sex and shopping novels 35, Time Warner 161 318–19 The Times 93, 110, 112–13, 138, sexuality 91, 319 249 Shilling Series 79 Torstar 127 shop-lifting 330 town romance 35 shopping 319 tradition 40–1 short stories 25 Truth 178–9 Signet 90 twentieth century, defining 27 Simon and Schuster 25 Two Shilling Net Novel Series 79 Simplified Spelling Bill 63 typography 38–9 Sixpenny Novel Series 79 Slash writing 9–10 UNESCO 51, 99 Smart Novels 56 uniform publishing 79 410 Subject Index

United States of America: interest in Woman 56 86; Mills and Boon market 126–7; Woman’s Own 56 and the paperback revolution 85; Woman’s Weekly 56 pulp magazines 86, 87, 88; sales women: appeal to 22; authors 31; figures 99, 162 book buying 101; conservatism 73; Universal Book Club 86 domination of bestseller lists 101; unpredictability 39 illiteracy 51, 61; literacy 31, 53; utopia, search for 156 magazines 56; ‘post’-feminist 75–6; publishing staff 74, 98; readers Valiant 57, 144, 157 73–6; reading habits 12–13, 60–1, value judgements 11–12 360–1; and television 63; women’s vampire romances 7–9 role 31 vernacular literature 41 women’s fiction: domestic 111; Victor 157, 237 erotica 128; identification of life Victorian sentimentality 37, 137 with fiction 24–5; and literacy violence 87 31 Virgin 128 Women’s World Library 56 Vogue 56 working class, literacy 54–5 World Book Day, 2000 375 W. H. Smith 66–7, 78, 82, 94, 96, 98, World Classics 79–80 104, 105, 126 World War One 27, 32, 37, 51, 54, war gaming 156 113, 120, 167, 176, 184, 198, 202, wartime adventure 86, 120–1, 123, 205, 206, 213, 218, 225, 227, 246, 314 356–7 Waterstone’s 20–1, 83, 100, 104, World War Two 54, 81, 115, 118, 105 120–1, 136, 204, 215, 219, 223, websites 17, 318 227, 231, 248, 249, 250, 260, 270, westerns 35, 38, 58, 86, 122, 237, 341 243–4 writing 54 Whitbread Prize 26, 104, 146, 331 Wizard 57 yellow-backs 66 Title Index

Aaron’s Rod 244 At the Earth’s Core 170 About a Boy 308 At the Villa Rose 182, 183 Absolute Power 266 Atomised 309 The Acid House 351 Atonement 28, 324 Act of Will 270 Auld Licth Idylls 166 The Admirable Crichton 146, 166 Avalanche Express 291 Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Azur Like it 305 Destruction 349 The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes 174 B Is for Burglar 296 The African Queen 120, 214 Babel 94 After the War 11 The Baburnana 336 Air Bridge 219 Bad Heir Day 305 Air Disaster 219 The Baily Chronicles 280 Airport 240 Banker and Broker 176 The Albatross 304 Be an Angel 299 Albion 11 The Beach 294 The Alchemist 5 A Bear called Paddington 270 Alias Grace 264, 265 Beau Brocade 185 Alice in Wonderland 137 Beau Geste 205 Almonds and Raisins 281 Beau Ideal 205 Along Came a Spider 327–8 Beau Sabreur 205 The Alpha List 261 Beau Wyndham 217 The Amateur Gentleman 195 The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs The Ambassador 255 351 The Amber Spyglass 26, 330 Bel Ria: Dog of War 232 American Psycho 96 Bella 282 American Star 235 Beloved Vagabond 181, 182 Amsterdam 324 Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ 110 Anchor at Hazard 126 Beneath a Spell 188 And Then There Were None 220 Berry and Co 205 The Andromeda Strain 284 The Best Man to Die 335 The Angel of Darkness 276 Better Dead 146 Angel Pavement 199, 200 Beware, Beware 304 Angels and Demons 273 The BFG 286 Animal Farm 121, 222 Bill Bailey’s Daughter 280 Anita and Me 347, 348 Bill Bailey’s Lot 280 Anna of the Five Towns 167 Billion-Dollar Brain 236 Another Bouquet 251 Billy Elliot 58 The Appeal 295 The Bird of the Night 304 The Apprentice 343 Birds of Prey 254 April Lady 218 Birdsong 7, 290 Armoured Warfare 277 The Bitch 44, 235 Ashenden; or, The British Agent 220 The Black Album 319

411 412 Title Index

Black and Blue 331 Brown on Resolution 214 The Black Book 331 Buccaneer 329 Black Dogs 324 Buddha of Suburbia 319, 320 The Black Gang 201 The Bull from the Sea 223 The Black Knight 193 Bulldog Drummond: The Adventures of The Black Marble 256 a Demobilized Officer who Found The Black Moth: A Romance of the Peace Dull 201–2 Eighteenth Century 217 Burden of Proof 295 Black Sunday 299 Burglar Bill 303 The Blackboard Jungle 248 The Butcher’s Theater 313 The Blind Assassin 264, 265 Butterfly on a Wheel 58–9 Blind Corner 205 By the Gods Beloved 185 Blind Date 347 Blind Faith 289 C Is for Corpse 296 Blindsighted 344 Cabal 268 Blonde Dynamite 90 Cactus 215 Blood Sport 292 The Caine Mutiny 257 The Blooding of the Guns 293, 294 Cakes and Ale 220 Bloodline 344 The Call of the Heart 175 Blott on the Landscape 343 The Camels are Coming 242 The Blue Knight 256 The Camomile Lawn 352 Body of Evidence 283 Campbell’s Kingdom 219 Bohemia in London 186 Can You Keep a Secret? 316 The Bond of Black 181 Canal Dreams 267 The Bondman 24, 171 Can’t you Sleep, Little Bear? 304 Bonecrack 292 Captain Blood 329 Book of the Dead 283 Captain Blood, His Odyssey 201 The Bookseller of Kabul 16 Captain Blood Returns 201 A Bouquet of Barbed Wire 251 Captain Corelli’s Mandolin 107, 287–8 The Bourne Betrayal 22 The Captive of Sahara 197 The Bourne Identity 322 Caravan to Vaccares 248 The Bourne Supremacy 322 The Card 167 The Boy David 166 Career Girls 307 Brave New World 50, 115, 122 The Career of Catherine Bush 175 Bravo Two Zero 324, 325 The Carpet People 329 Break No Bones 334 The Carpetbaggers 88–90, 94, 252, 253 Breakfast in the Ruins 250 Carrie 25, 228, 314, 315 Breakheart Pass 248 The Case of Lucky Legs 216 The Breed of the Beverleys 196 The Case of the Caretaker’s Cat 216 Brick Lane 16, 261 The Case of the Counterfeit Eye 216 The Bridge 267 The Case of the Curious Bride 216 The Bridge of Kisses 188 The Case of the Howling Dog 216 The Bridges of Madison County 74 The Case of the Postponed Thunder 216 The Bridges of Toko-Ri 250 The Case of the Sulky Girl 216 Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason The Case of the Velvet Claws 216 290–1 The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes 174 Bridget Jones’s Diary 75–6, 290–1, 349 Cashelmara 241, 242 Briefing for a Descent into Hell 245 Casino Royale 238 The Broad Highway 23, 195 Casino Royale (film) 241 Title Index 413

Castle Gay 168 Coma (film) 284 The Castle of Otranto 4 Complicity 267 The Cat in the Hat 340, 341 The Concubine 247 Catch-22 222, 240, 241 Congo 284 Catherine Cookson Country: Her Consider Plebus 267 Pictorial Memoir 259 The Conspiracy Club 313 Catherine Herself 218 The Constant Gardener 320 Cat’s Eye 264, 265 Cop Hater 248 Celebrations at Thrush Green 76 Coral Island 146 The Cement Garden 324 Count Belisarius 213 Centennial 250 The Courts of the Morning 168 Challenge 202 Cover her Face 310, 311 The Challenge of the Sea 234 Crazy to Kill 90 The Chamber 295 Creed 300 The Chancellor Manuscript 322 Crimson 279 Chances 235 Cross Bones 334 A Change for the Better 304 Cross of Iron (film) 121 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Crow Road 267 145–6, 286 The Cruel Sea 120, 221 Charlotte Gray 290 Cujo 314 Chase 317 Cult Fiction 11 Chesapeake 250 The Curious Incident of the Dog in the The Chessmen of Mars 170 Night-time 2, 297, 298 Child Whispers 140, 230 The Cutting Room 13, 332 Childhood’s End 122, 233 Children of the New Forest 157 The Da Vinci Code 14–15, 21, 40, 124, Children of the Sun 256 273 The Choir 74, 349 The Da Vinci Legacy 40 The Choirboys 256 Daddy 345 The Christian 171, 172 The Dambusters 86, 120 Christine 314 Dames Don’t Care 209 The Chrysalids 122 The Dancing Floor 168 The Cinder Path 280 The Dangerous Book for Boys 309, 310 A Circle of Friends 269 Daniel 260 The Citadel 116, 210, 220 Daphne 86 The City and the Stars 233 Darcy’s Diary 2 The Clan of the Cave Bear 265 Dark Gentleman 194 Clayhanger 167 The Dark Half 315 Clear and Present Danger 276 Dark Materials trilogy 28 The Clew of the Forgotten Murder 216 The Dark of the Sun 254 The Client 295 Darkness Visible 217 A Clockwork Orange 231 The Darling Buds of May 229, 230 Club Dead 8 Das Geduldige Fleisch 121 Cobwebs of Criticism 172 Daughter of God 40 Cold Feet 299 The Daughters of Cain 288 Cold Fire 317 The Day of the Jackal 108, 239 Colonel Sun 207 The Day of the Triffids 122, 257 The Color Purple 350–1 Dead Cert 292 Colour Blind 279 Dead Fingers Talk 91 414 Title Index

The Dead of Jericho 288 The Eagle Has Landed 120, 302 Dead Until Dark 8 The Earl’s Daughter 175 Dead Witch Walking 8 East Lynne 164 Deal Breaker 277 Ecstasy 351 Dear Adversary 9 Edge of Danger 302 Death in Berlin 312 The Elected Member 253 Death in China 301 Elephant Song 254 Death in the Stocks 218 The Elfstones of Shannara 272 Death is Now My Neighbour 288 Eliza Stanhope 349 Death of an Expert Witness 310 The Elusive Pimpernel 185 Death on the Nile 192 Emily 282 Death to the French 214 Emma’s Wedding 312 Deborah Hammond 343 The Emperor’s Candlesticks 185 Decameron 93 The Enclosure 304 The Deemster 171, 172 Engleby 290 Deja Dead 334 Enigma 298 Demelza: A Novel of Cornwall 239 The Enormous Shadow 121 The Desert Healer 197 Enquiry 292 Desert Love 197 Eric 153 Desolation Island 326 The Eternal City 171 Devil May Care 290 Ethel and Ernest 272 The Devil Rides Out 119–20, 227–8 Eureeka’s Castle 347 The Devil Wears Prada 28 Exocet 302 The Devil’s Advocate 255, 256 The Exorcist 228 Devil’s Dice 181 Expiation 184 Diamond Hunters 254 Extension du domaine de la lutte 309 Diamonds are Forever 238 Eye of the Needle 342 The Diary of Henry Fitzwilliam D’Arcy 2 Faces 278 Dirty Dingus Magee (film) 241 Fair Stood the Wind for France 229, The Dogs of War 239 230 Domain 300 Fairies and Rewards 164 The Doormouse and the Doctor 198 Faithless 344 Dope 187 Falcon’s Prey 311 The Doppleganger 219 False-Face 196 Double Cross 327 The Family 252 The Double Traitor 184 Family 304 Double Whammy 301 Fanny Hill 93 Down and Out in Paris and London The Far Country 223 222 The Far Pavilions 312 Dr No 238 The Far Side of the World 326 Dr. Seuss’s ABC 340 Farmer Duck 303–4 Dracula 23, 86, 119, 164 Father Christmas 271 Dragon Tears 317 Fatherland 298 The Dream Merchants 252 Fear is the Key 248 A Dubious Legacy 352 Fear Nothing 317 Dulcie 175 Felicity Stands By 137 The Dweller in the Desert 197 The Fellowship of the Ring 225, 226 The Female of the Species 202 Title Index 415

Fever Pitch 308 The Fortunes of Phillipa 168 Fiction and the Reading Public 84 The Fountains of Paradise 233 Fifteen Streets 279 4 Blondes 76 The Fifth Horseman 327 The Four Feathers 182, 183 Fighter Wing 277 The Four Just Men 189 Filth 351 The Fourth Protocol 239 Filthy Rich 305 Framed 215 The Final Count 202 Frankenstein 119 The Final Diagnosis 240 Freddy and the French Fries 266 Fine Things 345 Frenchman’s Creek 211 Fire over England 182 Fresh from the Country 338 Firefox 348 Friday Nights 349 Firefox Down 348 From Doon with Death 334 The Firm 295 From Hell 10, 325 First Among Equals 263 From Potter’s Field 283 First Term at Malory Towers 230 From Russia with Love 44, 122, 238 Five Children and It 183 The Front 283 Five Gates to Hell (film) 235 Funeral in Berlin 236 Five Minute’s Peace 303 Fungus the Bogeyman 271 Five on a Treasure Island 141–2, 230 The Further Inquiry 243 Flash for Freedom 293 Flashman 292 G Is for Gumshoe 296 Flashman and the Dragon 293 Gallows on the Sand 255 Flashman and the Mountain of Light The Gamester 201 293 The Garden of Allah 179–81 Flashman and the Redskins 293 The Gates of Rome 310 Flashman at the Charge 293 Geisha 16 Flashman in the Great Game 293 The Gentle Prisoner 9, 212 Flashman’s Lady 293 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 113 Flight from Fear 215 Ghost 298, 299 The Flood 331 The Ghost Road 7 Flowers in the Attic 262 The Ghosts of Sleath 300 The Flowers of the Field 299 Gideon’s Day 209, 210 A Flower That’s Free 299 Gideon’s Week 209 Fluke 300 The Gillyvors 280 The Fly (film) 235 Girl in a Swing 260 Flying Colors 214 The Girl who Proposed 188 Flying Finish 292 Gladiator (film) 110 The Fog 300 The Glass Angels 304 Follow a Stranger 307 The Glass Lake 74, 269 Fools Die 251 The Glitter Dome 256 Footsteps in the Dark 218 Glue 351 For Kicks 292 The God Delusion 260 Force 10 from Navarone 248 The Godfather 251, 252 Foreign Parts 299 The Gods of Mars 170 The Forest of Terrible Things 197 Going Home 345 Forests of the Night 299, 300 The Gold in the Gutter 175 Forfeit 292 Golden Fox 254 Fortune of War 326 The Golden Gate: A Novel in Verse 340 416 Title Index

The Golden Keel 266 Harriet 282 The Golden Notebook 245 The Harrogate Secret 280 The Golden Rendezvous 248 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Goldfinger 238 335 Goldmine 254 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Gone For Good 277 335, 336 Gone with the Wind 118, 221, 229, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 335 361 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Good and Faithful Servant 299 335 The Good Companions 118, 199 Harry Potter and the Order of the Goodbye Mr Chips 218, 219 Phoenix 335 Good-Bye To All That 213 Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone A Good Hanging 331 28, 129, 335–6 Goosebumps series 346–7 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Governor Ramage R.N. 328 Azkaban 335 The Grand Babylonian Hotel 167 Harry’s Game 342 The Grass is Singing 245 Hatter’s Castle 210 The Great Awakening 184 The Haunting of Toby Jugg 227 The Great Escape (film) 235 Hawaii 250 The Great Impersonation 184, 220–1 He kills Coppers 263 The Great Tradtion 1 He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not 175 The Great Train Robbery (film) 284 Heart of Darkness 294 The Great White Queen 181 Heartbeat 345 The Greatest People in the World 230 The Heir 271 The Green Carnation 179 Hell Hath No Fury 103 Green Eggs and Ham 340, 341 The Hellbound Heart 268 The Green Mile 315 The Hell-Fire Club 91 The Green Years 210 Hide and Seek 331 Greenmantle 168, 169 Hideaway 317 The Gremlins 287 High Fidelity 308 The Grey Horse 98 Hilda Lessways 167 Greyfriars 168 His Dark Material’s trilogy 147, 330–1 Gridlock 289 His House 175 Grimus 337 His Last Bow 174 Guilty Bonds 181 His Official Fiancée 188 Guilty Pleasures 298 The History Boys (play) 207 A Guilty Thing Surprised 335 The History Man 207 Gulliver’s Travels 4 The History of Danish Dreams 305 The Gun 214 The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy The Guns of Navarone 120, 248 259, 260 Guy Mervyn 165 HMS Surprise 326 H.M.S. Ulysses 248 Half-Past Kissing Time 188 The Hobbit 144, 225, 226, 227, 336 The Hand of Fu Manchu 48 Hobby Horse Cottage 338 Handmaid’s Tale 264, 265 The Holcroft Covenant 322 Hannibal 299 Hold the Dream 270 Hannibal Raising 299 Hollywood Divorces 235 The Happy Return 214 Hollywood Husbands 235 Harnessing Peacocks 352 Hollywood Kids 235 Title Index 417

Holy Blood, Holy Grail 40 The Ionian Mission 326 Hondo 243 The Ipcress File 236 The Honourable Schoolboy 320 A Is for Alibi 296 Hop on Pop 340 The Island 18 The Horse and his Boy 246 The Island of Sheep 168, 169 The Horse Whisperer 74, 101, 289–90 The Island of Terror 202 Hot Breath 299 It 315 Hotel 240 It Came From Beneath the Sink 346 The Hound of the Baskervilles 46–7, 173, 174 The Jacaranda Tree 230 The House at Pooh Corner 139, 198 Jacob’s Ladder 184 The House of Secrets 196 Jamaica Inn 211 The House of the Arrow 182 James and the Giant Peach 145, 286 How Late It Was, How Late 3 The Janus Man 291 How Sleep the Brave 230 Jassy 247 How the Grinch Stole Christmas 340, Jeeves 221 341 The Jewel that was Ours 288 Hummingbird in My House 99 Jigsaw 273, 274 The Hunt for Red October 77, 276, 277 John Cornelius 71 Huntingtower 168 John Macnab 168 The Jolly Postman 303 I Claudius 213 Jonathan Livingston Seagull 3, 229 I Robot 90 Joy Grantham 56 I, the Jury 224, 225 The Jungle Book 138 I Will Repay 185 Junky 91 Ice Cold in Alex 120 Jupiter Williams 270 Ice Station Zebra 248 Jurassic Park 284 If Tomorrow Comes 344 Just One Look 277 If Winter Comes 60, 197 The Just So stories 138 I’ll Say She Does 87–8 Just William 192 I’ll Take Manhattan 318 I’m the King of the Castle 304 K Is for Killer 296 Immediate Action 324 The Ka of Grifford Hillary 227 Imogen 282 Kane and Abel 263 An Imaginative Experience 352 Kangaroo 244 An Imperfect Lady 299, 300 Kate Hannigan 279, 280 Imperium 298 Katie Mulholland 279 In Between the Sheets 324 Kesey’s Garage Sale 243 In Cold Blood 256 The Keys of the Kingdom 210 In Search of England 117–18 Keziah Dane 296 In the Shadow of the Guillotine 201 The Killer Mine 219 The Incredible Journey 232 King Albert’s Book 172 Indecent Exposure 342 The King Must Die 223 An Indecent Obsession 323 King Rat 234 Infamous 103 King Solomon’s Mines 254–5 An Inspector Calls (play) 199 The King’s Pleasure 247 Intensity 317 Kiss Me, Deadly 224 Interplanetary Flight 234 Kiss the Girls 327–8 The Interpretation of Murder 18, 276 The Kite Runner 16, 308, 309 418 Title Index

Kitten with a Whip 91 Little Noddy Goes to Toyland 142, 230 Kneel to the Prettiest 188 Little Wars 156 Knock-Out 202 The Little White Bird: or, Adventures in Knots and Crosses 331 Kensington Gardens 147, 166 Kon Tiki 83 Living Dead in Dallas 8 Konigsmark 182 Liza of Lambeth 220 The Kraken Wakes 122, 257, 258 The Lolly-Madonna War 296 Kundu 255 London Fields 262 The Lonely Skier 219 Labyrinth 325, 326 The Long Firm 263 Lace: A Novel 279 The Long Road Home 345 Lace II 279 Look Back in Anger 159 Lady Chatterley’s Lover 91, 93–4, 221, The Looking-Glass War 320 244, 245 The Loop 289 The Ladykiller 278 Lord Hornblower 214 Lair 300 Lord of the Flies 217, 246, 294 The Lamp in the Desert 193 Lord of the Rings trilogy 5, 26, 28, The Land that Time Forgot 170 225, 226–7, 272, 336, 367 The Landlady 343 Lost Horizon 167, 218, 219, 220 The Last Battle 246 The Lost World 173, 174 Last Bus to Woodstock 288 Love among the Ruins 193 The Last Don 252 The Love Child: A Novel 280 The Last of the Wine 222, 223 Love for Lydia 229 Last Seen Wearing 288 The Lovely Bones 21, 339–40 Last Train Out 184 Lovers and Players 235 The Last Valley (film) 235 Lovers in London 198 Lawrence and the Arabs 213 Love’s Dilemma 175 The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Loving 345 325 The Loving Spirit 211 Leave it to Psmith 203 Lucky 235 The Legacy 320 Lucky Jim 207 Legacy of Love 349 The Legend 279 Madame Sousatzka 253 A Leper of St Giles 327 Maggie 281 Let the People Sing 199 Maggie Rowan 279 Letter of Marque 326 The Magic Apple Tree 304 The Life and Loves of a She-Devil 351 The Magic Cottage 300 Life Isn’t All Ha Ha Hee Hee 347 The Magic Garden 279 Life of Pi 21, 322 Magic Kingdom for Sale—SOLD! 272 Life, the Universe and Everything 259 The Magic of Honey 45 Light a Penny Candle 269 The Magic of Sport 176, 177–8 Lightening 317 The Magician’s Guild 275 Like a Charm 344–5 The Magician’s Nephew 246 The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Magnificent Obsession 211 145, 246, 247 Maia 260 The Lion-Tamer 197 The Mammoth Hunters 265 The Little Drummer Girl 320 A Man from the North 167 Little Lord Fauntleroy 86, 157 The Man who Made Husbands Jealous The Little Minister 146 73, 282 Title Index 419

The Man with the Golden Gun 238 The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne 181, Mansfield Park 324 182 The Manxman 82, 171 Morse’s Greatest Mystery 288 Marabou Stork Nightmares 351 Mortal Causes 331 Marnie 239 The Mousetrap (play) 192 Married Lovers 235 Mr Midshipman Hornblower 214 The Mary Deare 219 Mr Noah and the Second Flood 232 Mary Poppins 137 Mr Standfast 168, 169 Master and Commander 326 Mrs Dalloway 204 Master of Space 233 The Mugger 248 The Matarese Circle 322 Murder at Monte Carlo 184 The Matarese Countdown 322 Murder at the Vicarage 191 Matilda 286 Murder being Once Done 335 Maura’s Game 278 The Murder of Roger Ackroyd 191, 220 The Mauritius Command 326 Murder on the Orient Express 192 Memoirs of a Geisha 296 My Beautiful Laundrette (film) 319–20 The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes My Cousin Rachel 211, 220 174 My Gun Is Quick 224 Memories of Midnight 344 My Sweet Audrina 262 Men are from Mars, Women are from My Uncle Silas 230 Venus 75 The Mysteries of Udolpho 4 Meridian 350 The Mysterious Affair at Styles 191 Micah Clarke 173, 174 The Mystery of Dr Fu Manchu 187 Michael 70 The Mystery of No. 1 196 Midnight 317 Midnight on the Desert 117 The Naked Country 255 Midnight’s Children 336, 337 The Naked Face 344 Midsomer Murders (TV series) 332 Name of the Rose 327 The Midwich Cuckoos 257 The Naming of the Dead 331 Millionaire of Yesterday 184 Nat Gould’s Annual 176 Mirror Image 345 Needful Things 315 Misery 315 Nellie 175 Miss Smilla’s Feeling for Snow 74, 99, Nerve 292 305 Never Call it Loving: A Biographical The Mist in the Mirror 304 Novel of Katherine O’Shea and Mistral’s Daughter 318 Charles Stewart Parnell 236 Mistress of Mellyn 241 Never Love a Stranger 252 A Morbid Taste for Bones 327 The New Centurions 256 Mog, the Forgetful Cat 303 The New Dictionary of Statistics 51 Money: A Suicide Note 262 A New Earth: Awakening To Your Life’s Money for One 188 Purpose 19 Monsoon 254 A New Lease of Death 334 Monster Blood IV 347 Next 284 The Moon and Sixpence 220 Night Manager 73 Moon in My Pocket 256 1984 121, 221, 222 The Moon Maid 170 Nippy 6 Moonfleet 329 The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency 13, Moonraker (Fleming) 238 323 Moonraker (Jesse) 329 No Adam in Eden 249 420 Title Index

No Exit: An Adventure 239 Pampered Passion 91 No More Dying Then 335 Pandora 282 No Orchids for Miss Blandish 86, 207, A Partisan’s Daughter 287 208 Paperback Writer (song) 91 No Other Tiger 182 The Parasite 173 Noble House 234 The Park Forest 71 Northanger Abbey 33 Parson Harding’s Daughter 349 Northern Lights 330, 331 Part of the Furniture 352 Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less The Partner 295 263 A Passionate Man 349 Not in the Flesh 335 Patriot Games 276 Not That Sort of Girl 352 A Patriotic School Girl 134–5 Noughts and Crosses 269–70 Payment Deferred 214 Peace with Honour 198 Octavia 282 The Pelican Brief 295 Odds Against 292 Pellucidar 170 The Odessa File 108, 239 Penmarric 241, 242 Of Human Bondage 220 Percy the Park Keeper 303 Oh the Places You’ll Go 340 A Perfect Spy 320 The Old Devils 207 A Perfect Stranger 345 The Old Wives’ Tale 167 Perelandra 246, 247 The Old Woman 343 Pet Sematary 315 Omega Minus 261 Peter and Wendy 166 Omerta 252 Peter Pan 137, 146–7, 166 On Beauty 16 Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens 147, On Her Majesty’s Secret Service 238 166 On the Beach 223–4 Peyton Place 249 Once in a Lifetime 345 Piccadilly Jim 203 Once is Not Enough 255 Pilgrim’s Progress 4, 146 One Fish Town Fish Red Blue Fish 340 The Pilgrim’s Regress: An Allegorical One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest 243 Apology for Christianity, Reason, and One of the Chorus 188 Romanticism 246 The One that Got Away 338 The Pirate 252 The Onion Field 256 Pistache 290 Oliver Twist 48–9 The Plague Dogs 260 Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit 354 The Plant 25 Orlando 204 Plateforme 309 Oryx and Crake 264, 265 Please Mrs Butler 303 The Osterman Weekend 321 The Poacher 230 The Other Boleyn Girl 297 A Pocketful of Rye 210 The Other Side of Midnight 344 Poison Ivy 209 Our Kate 280 Polo 282 Out of the Silent Planet 145, 246, 247 Popcorn 289 The Outline of History 164 Porno 351 The Outline of Science 115 Porterhouse Blue 343 Owl Service 3 Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper (Case Closed) 283 Paddy Clarke Ha, Ha, Ha 3 Post Captain 326 Pamela 4 Postmortem 283 Title Index 421

The Potter’s Field 327 Random Harvest 218, 219, 220 Power Burn 301 Rat Race 292 Power of a Woman 271 Rat Run 342 The Power-House 168 Rat Trap 348 The Praise Singer 223 The Rats 228, 300 A Prayer for the Ship 333 The Razor’s Edge 220 Precious Bane 202, 203 Rebecca 117, 211, 211–13, 220, 242 Prelude to Space 233 Recollections 171 Prester John 168, 169 The Rector’s Wife 349 Presumed Innocent 295 Red as a Rose is She 23 Pride and Prejudice 1–2, 5, 64, 76, 291 The Red Dahlia 320 Pride and Prescience 2 Red Dragon 299 Prime Suspect 320 Red Fox 342 Prince Caspian 246 The Red House Mystery 47, 139, 191, Princess Daisy 318 198 A Prisoner of Birth 263 Red is for Murder 353 The Prisoner of Zenda 164, 170, 244 The Regency Buck 217 The Prodigal Son 171 The Remains of the Day 16, 118, 310 Profiles of the Future 234 Remote Control 324 The Promise 345 Rendezvous with Rama 233 Promise of Love 222, 223 Requiem for a Princess 284, 285–6 Prudence 282 The Restaurant at the End of the PS I Love You 312 Universe 259 Psmith 203 The Return of Bulldog Drummond 202 Psycho 335 The Return of Sherlock Holmes 174 Puck of Pook’s Hill 152–5, 159, 164 The Return of Tarzan 170 Puppet on a Chain 248 The Return of the King 225 The Purple Plain 230 Return to Night 222, 223 Pyrates 293 Return to Peyton Place 249 Return to Thrush Green 338 Quality Street 146 Reverse of the Medal 326 The Queen and I 349 Rewards and Fairies 154–5, 158, 159 Queen Camilla 349 Riceyman Steps 167 Queen Victoria 115 The Rich are Different 241 The Queen’s Fool 297 Richard Bolitho – Midshipman 333 The Riddle of the Third Mile 288 Racecourse and Battlefield 176 Riders 282 The Rachel Papers 262 Riding the Bullet 25 Rage of Angels 344 Right Ho, Jeeves 203 The Railway Children 150, 183, 184 The Righteous Men 18 The Rainbow 244 The Ring 345 The Rainmaker 295 Ring of Bright Water 232 Raise the Titanic 284, 285 Riotous Assembly 342 Ramage 328 Rites of Passage 217 Ramage and the Drum Beat 328 Rivals 282 Ramage and the Freebooters 328 River God 254 Ramage and the Guillotine 329 Road Floozy 90 Ramage at Trafalgar 329 The Road to Wigan Pier 160 Ramage’s Prize 329 The Robe 110, 211 422 Title Index

Robinson Crusoe 4 Señor Vivo and the Coca Lord 287 Romantic Adventure 176 A Sense of Guilt 251 A Romance of Two Worlds 25, 172 A Sensible Life 352 A Room of One’s Own 204–5 September 328 The Rosary 80, 110–12, 165 Sepulchre (Herbert) 300 Ross Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall 239 Sepulchre (Moss) 325 Round the Fire Stories 79 Sergeant Bigglesworth C.I.D. 143 Royal Flash 292 Service of All the Dead 288 The Royal Road to Fotheringay 241 The Seventh Scroll 74, 254 Rubáiyat of Omar Khayyám 81 79, Park Avenue 252 The Ruling Passion 102–4 Sex and Shopping: The Confessions of a The Runagates Club 169 Nice Jewish Girl 318 The Runaway Jury 295 Sex and the City 306 Running Water 182 Sex and the Single Girl (film) 241 Rupert of Hentzau 170 Sexing the Cherry 354 The Russia House 320 The Shadow of a Crime 171, 172 The Shadow of the East 197 Sabotage Broadcast 219 Shadow of the Moon 312 The Salamander 256 Shanty Town Tease 91 Salem’s Lot 314 The Shape of Things to Come 115 Sanders of the River 189–90 Shardik 260 The Satanic Verses 129, 336, 337 Sharpe’s Eagle 282 The Savage Gorge 291 She Fell among Thieves 205 Savages 279 The Sheik 180, 194, 197, 205, 221 Saving Grace 266 The Shell Seekers 328 Say Cheese and Die 346 The Shimmer of the Herring 6 The Scapegoat 171 The Shining 314 Scaramouche: A Romance of the French A Ship of the Line 214 Revolution 201 The Shoes of the Fisherman 255 The Scarlatti Inheritance 321 Shogun 234 The Scarlet Pimpernel 185 Shopaholic and Baby 316 Scarred Faces 215 Shout at the Devil 123, 254 The Scourge of the Swastika 93 Showdown 307 The Screwtape Letters 145, 246 Shrine 300 Scruples 318, 319 Shroud for a Nightingale 310, 311 The Sea Hawk 201 The Sicilian 251 Second Fiddle 352 Sick Heart River 168 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole 349 Sick Puppy 301 The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic The Sign of Four 174 316 The Silence of the Lambs 123–4, 299 The Secret Island 141 The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn The Secret of Annexe 3 288 288 The Secret of Crickley Hall 301 The Silmarillion 225 The Secret Power 172 The Silver Chair 246 The Secret Service Man 196 The Silver Thorn 71 Secrets 345 Simply Divine 305 The Seeds of Yesterday 262 Sins of the Fathers 241 Seize the Night 317 Sir Nigel 173, 174 Selling Hitler 299 Sister Peters in Amsterdam 312 Title Index 423

The Sisters 343 Stories They Wouldn’t Let Me Do on TV 633 Squadron (film) 235 64 The Sixth Seal 353 Storm in the Village 338 Skeleton Crew 315 Story of a Passion 175 Skin Privilege 344 The Story of Dr Dolittle 137 Skinhead 91 The Story of Miss Moppet 185 The Sky is Falling 344 The Story of Tracy Beaker 231 Sleeping Murder 191 A Stranger to the Town 6 Small Island 15, 321 Strangers 317, 318 A Small Town in Germany 320 The Street Lawyer 295 Smiley’s People 320 Strip Jack 331 Smokescreen 292 Strip Tease 301 Snow Falcon 348 The Stud 235 The Snow Tiger 265 A Study in Scarlet 174 The Snowman 271, 272 Submarine 277 So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish The Subtle Knife 330 259 A Sudden Change of Heart 271 So Well Remembered 220 A Suitable Boy 3, 340 Sole Survivor 317 The Summer Before the Dark 245 Some Lie and Some Die 335 The Sun Also Rises 183 Something Happened 240 Superwoman 279 Sometimes a Great Notion 243 Surface! 294 Sons and Lovers 244 The Surgeon’s Mate 326 The Sons of the Sheik 197 Survival of the Fittest 313 Sophie’s World 74 The Survivor 184, 300 Sorrell and Son 82, 193 Swallows and Amazons 141–2, 186 The Sorrows of Satan 25, 172 The Sword of Shannara 272, 275 The Sound of Thunder 254 South by Java Head 248 Tai-Pan 234 South Riding 117 The Tale of Beedle The Bard 336 Sown among Thorns 193 The Tale of Benjamin Bunny 185 The Space Dreamers 233 The Tale of Peter Rabbit 137–8, 185, Sparkles 307 186 Speak to Me of Love 236 Tales of the South Pacific 250 The Spear 300 Target for Their Dark Desire 91 Sporting Annual 176 Tarka the Otter 232 The Spring of Joy 203 Tarzan and the Ant Men 170 The Spy who Came in from the Cold Tarzan of the Apes 86–7, 170–1 121–2, 320, 321 Tarzan the Terrible 170 The Spy who Loved Me 238 Team Rodent: How Disney Devours the SS-GB 236 World 301 Stalky & Co. 153 Tell No One 277 Star 345 Temple Tower 202 The Stars Look Down 210 The Temptress 181 The Stars Shine Down 344 The Tenderness of Wolves 208 Statistical Yearbook 99 A Terrible Tomboy 168 Stay Out of the Basement 346 Terror of the Air 113–15 The Stone Leopard 291 Texas 250 A Stone for Danny Fisher 89, 252 That Hideous Strength 145, 246, 247 424 Title Index

Their Mutual Child (The Coming of The Trouble with Lichen 257 Bill) 203 The Troublesome Offspring of Cardinal These Twain 167 Guzman 287 The Third Life of Grange Copeland 350 Trustee from the Toolroom 223 The Third Round 202 Twentieth Century Authors 193 The Thirteen Gun Salute 326 Twisted 313 The Thirty-Nine Steps 131, 168, 169 The Twits 286 This Is Murder 216 Two Lives 21 This Man is Dangerous 209 The Two Towers 225 Thomas The Tank Engine 207–8 2001: A Space Odyssey 233, 234 The Thorn Birds 97, 323, 324 2001 (film) 122 A Thousand Splendid Suns 308, 309 2010: Odyssey Two 233 The Three Hostages 168, 169 2061: Odyssey Three 233 Three Weeks 113, 175, 176 Thrush Green 338 Ugly Betty 306 Thunderball 238 Under Two Flags 205 Thuvia, Maid of Mars 170 The Undomestic Goddess 316 Tiger Eyes 279 An Unhappy Bargain 188 Tiger Standish 196 Use of Weapons 267 Tiger Standish Comes Back 196 The Tight White Collar 249 V for Vendetta 325 Tilly Trotter 280 The Vacillations of Polly Carew 352 Tim 323, 324 The Valley of Fear 174 A Time to Kill 295 The Valley of Horses 265 Tiny Carteret 202 Valley of the Dolls 255 To Be the Best 270 Vamped 8 To Love Again 345 Vanishing Point 256 To Sir with Love (film) 235 The Various Haunts of Men 304 To the Devil a Daughter 227 The Veiled Man 181 To the Lighthouse 204 Vengeance Is Mine 224 Toad of Toad Hall (play) 139, 179, The Very Hungry Caterpillar 232–3 198 Village Affairs 338 Together They Ride 241 A Village Affair 349 Tom Brown’s Schooldays 48–9, 293 Village Centenary 338 The Tommyknockers 315 Village Diary 338 The Torch Bearers 294 Village School 338, 339 Tourist Season 301 The Vines of Yarrabee 236 The Tower of Babel 256 Vintage Stuff 343 A Town Like Alice 223 The Virgin and the Gypsy 244 Trainspotting 163, 351, 352 The Visits of Elizabeth 175 Tramp in Armour 291 A Vision in Battlements 231 Trap Line 301 Voice of the Heart 270 Traveller 260 The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Treason’s Harbour 326 246 Treasure Island 329 The Tribe that Lost Its Head 221 Walk Like a Dragon (film) 235 The Troglodytes 90 Walker, London 166 The Trojan Horse 219 War and Peace 81 Tropical Tales 190 War and Remembrance 257 Title Index 425

The War of Don Emmanuel’s Nether Wiles of the Wicked 181 Parts 287 Wilt 342, 343 War with Honour 198 The Wilt Alternative 342 The Warlord of Mars 170 Wilt on High 342 Warlord of the Air 251 Wind in the Willows 138–9, 145, The Wasp Factory 267 156–7, 179 The Watchers 182 A Window in Thrums 166 Watchmen 325 The Winds of War 257 The Water’s Lovely 335 Windyridge 200–1 Watership Down 123, 232, 260 Windyridge Revisited 200 The Waves 204 The Winner 266 The Way of an Eagle 193–4 Winnie-the-Pooh 130, 139, 142, 198, The Way the Crow Flies 21 199 The Way through the Woods 288 Winter in Thrush Green 338 Weaveworld 268 The Wishsong of Shannara 272 Welcome to Camp Nightmare 346 The Witches 146, 286 Welcome to Dead House 346, 347 Without Motive 70 The Wench is Dead 288 The Witness for the Defence 182 Westworld (film) 284 The Wives of Bath 305 ‘What Our Soldiers Read’ 356–7 Wolf to the Slaughter 335 Wheels 240 Wolfsbane 348 Wheels of Terror 120–1, 314 A Woman of Substance 270, 271 When Dames Get Tough 215 The Woman in Black 304 When Eight Bells Toll 248 The Woman Thou Gavest Me 171 When Love Meets Love 175 Woman’s Soul 175 When the Bough Breaks 313 The Women in His Life 270 When the Lion Feeds 254 Women in Love 244 When the Wind Blows 271 The Woods 277 When We Were Young 139, 198 The Wooing of Rosamund Fayre 188 When Wendy Grew Up: An Afterthought The World is Full of Married Men 166 235 Where Eagles Dare 120, 248 The Worm Book 303 Where’s Spot 302–3 Whisper 317, 318 The Years 204 The White Company 173, 174 Yellow Book 156, 169, 179 White Merc with Fins 107 The Yellow Claw 187 White Peacock 244 You Only Live Twice 238 The White Prophet 171 Young Girls Beware 208 White Teeth 345 Youngblood Hawke 257 Whiter Mughals 16 You’re Lonely when You’re Dead 208 Wicked! 282 The Ysable Kid 237 Wideacre 297 Widows 320 Zoraida: A Romance of the Harem and Wild Horses 292 the Great Sahara 181