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Muzikološki Zbornik L MUZIKOLOŠKI ZBORNIK MUSICOLOGICAL ANNUAL L / 1 ZVEZEK/VOLUME L J U B L J A N A 2 0 1 4 MUZIKOLOŠKI ZBORNIK • MUSICOLOGICAL ANNUAL L / 1 • MUSICOLOGICAL ANNUAL ZBORNIK MUZIKOLOŠKI ISSN 0580-373X 9 770580 373009 MUZIKOLOŠKI ZBORNIK MUSICOLOGICAL ANNUAL L / 1 ZVEZEK/VOLUME L J U B L J A N A 2 0 1 4 Izdaja • Published by Oddelek za muzikologijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani Glavni in odgovorni urednik • Editor-in-chief Jernej Weiss (Ljubljana) Asistentka uredništva • Assistant Editor Tjaša Ribizel (Ljubljana) Uredniški odbor • Editorial Board Matjaž Barbo (Ljubljana) Aleš Nagode (Ljubljana) Svanibor Pettan (Ljubljana) Leon Stefanija (Ljubljana) Andrej Rijavec (Ljubljana), častni urednik • honorary editor Mednarodni uredniški svet • International Advisory Board Michael Beckermann (Columbia University, USA) Nikša Gligo (University of Zagreb, Croatia) Robert S. Hatten (Indiana University, USA) David Hiley (University of Regensburg, Germany) Thomas Hochradner (Mozarteum Salzburg, Austria) Bruno Nettl (University of Illinois, USA) Helmut Loos (University of Leipzig, Germany) Jim Samson (Royal Holloway University of London, UK) Lubomír Spurný (Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic) Katarina Tomašević (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbia) John Tyrrell (Cardiff University, UK) Michael Walter (University of Graz, Austria) Uredništvo • Editorial Address Oddelek za muzikologijo Filozofska fakulteta Aškerčeva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/muzikologija/MZ_home.htm Prevajanje • Translations Andrej Rijavec Cena posamezne številke • Single issue price 10 EUR Letna naročnina • Annual subscription 20 EUR Založila • Published by Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani Za založbo • For the publisher Branka Kalenić Ramšak, dekanja Filozofske fakultete Tisk • Printed by Birografika Bori d.o.o., Ljubljana Naklada 500 izvodov • Printed in 500 copies Rokopise, publikacije za recenzije, korespondenco in naročila pošljite na naslov izdajatelja. Prispevki naj bodo opremljeni s kratkim povzetkom (200–300 besed), izvlečkom (do 50 besed), ključnimi besedami in kratkimi podatki o avtorju. Nenaročenih rokopisov ne vračamo. Manuscripts, publications for review, correspondence and annual subscription rates should be sent to the editorial address. Contributions should include a short summary (200–300 words), an abstract (not more than 50 words), keywords and a short biographical note on the author. Unsolicited manuscripts are not returned. Izdajo zbornika je omogočila Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije With the support of the Slovenian Research Agency © Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, 2014 Vsebina • Contents Michael Walter Verdis Opern und der Risorgimento Verdijeve opere in Risorgimento 5 Karmen Salmič Kovačič Svobodi naproti Demetrija Žebreta v presečišču socialističnega realizma in zmernega modernizma Towards Liberty at the Intersection between Socialist Realism and Moderate Modernism 39 Katarina Bogunović Hočevar The Slovenian Philharmonic after the Second World War – From Ideology and Professional Disputes to Art Slovenska filharmonija po drugi svetovni vojni – od ideologije in stanovskih razprtij k umetnosti 49 Larisa Vrhunc Vplivi evropske avantgarde na odnos med literaturo in glasbo v delih Jakoba Ježa Influences of the European Avant–Garde on the Relationship between Literature and Music in the Works of Jakob Jež 63 Tjaša Ribizel Božidar Kos: String Quartet (Godalni kvartet) Božidar Kos: String Quartet 77 Niall O’Loughlin Expressive Sonority and Formal Control: Lojze Lebič into the 21st Century Izrazna zvočnost in oblikovna kontrola: Lojze Lebič ob vstopu v 21. stoletje 87 Niall O’Loughlin Vinko Globokar’s Balkan Requiem Balkanski rekviem Vinka Globokarja 97 Jelena Grazio Problematika analize strokovnih izrazov v slovenskih glasbenih učbenikih do konca 2. svetovne vojne na primeru pojma »nota« in nekaterih drugih pojmov, povezanih z njim Analyzing Musical Terminology in Slovene Music Textbooks up until the End of World War II: a case study of the term “note” and some other related terms 107 Teja Klobčar Ethnomusicological Approach to Researching Slovenian Singer-Songwriters Etnomuzikološki pristop k raziskovanju slovenskega kantavtorstva 139 Ana Hofman Balkanske glasbene industrije med evropeizacijo in regionalizacijo: Balkanske glasbene nagrade Balkan Music Industries Between Europeanisation and Regionalisation: Balkan Music Awards 157 Magistrsko delo • M. A. Work 175 Imensko kazalo • Index 179 Avtorji • Contributors M. Walter • Verdis Opern und der Risorgimento UDK 782.071.1Verdi:94(450)«1848« DOI: 10.4312/mz.50.1.5–38 Michael Walter Department for Musicology, University of Graz Oddelek za muzikologijo, Univerza v Gradcu Verdis Opern und der Risorgimento Verdijeve opere in risorgimento Prejeto: 5. marec 2014 Received: 5th March 2014 Sprejeto: 8. maj 2014 Accepted: 8th May 2014 Ključne besede: risorgimento, gledališče San Keywords: Giuseppe Verdi, Antonio Ghislanzoni, Carlo, gledališče Carcano, zedinjenje Italije, opera Nabucco, Attila, Risorgimento, Teatro San Carlo, in politika, revolucija leta 1848 v Italiji Teatro Carcano, Unification of Italy, opera and politics, Italian revolution of 1848 IZ V L E č E K ABSTR A CT Podrobna analiza zgodovinskih virov, začenši The thourough analysis of historical sources from z letom 1859, kaže, da znameniti akrostih VIVA the beginning of the year 1859 shows that the VERDI niso poznali le v Italiji ampak tudi po vsej famous acrostic VIVA VERDI was not only widely Evropi. Vendar pa ni bil povezan s kakršnimikoli known in Italy but also throughout Europe. Howev- političnimi aktivnostmi G. Verdija, in sicer zato, ker er, it was not associated with any political activities Verdijeve opere že v času revolucijskih mesecev v of the composer Giuseppe Verdi. The reason is that letu 1848 niso bile razumljene kot politične opere Verdi’s operas already during the revolutionary risorgimenta. Vzroki političnih demonstracij ob months of 1848 were not understood as political izvedbah Verdijevih oper so bili ali koincidentni ali ‘Risorgimento’ operas. The causes for political pa so jih povzročile politične okoliščine, ki so bile demonstrations during performances of Verdi’s neodvisne od samih oper. Vsekakor drži dejstvo, operas were either coincidentally or provoked by da Verdijeve opere niso bile vzrok za spontana political circumstances which were independent patriotična čustva. of the operas. Verdi’s operas were, in any case, not the causes of spontaneous patriotic emotions. 5 MUZIKOLOŠKI ZBORNIK • MUSICOLOGICAL ANNUAL L/1 Das über lange Jahre vorherrschende Bild Giuseppe Verdis als Komponist von ‘Risorgimento-Opern’ in den 1840er Jahren, also Opern, in denen vor allem die Chöre allegorisch die von den Österreichern unterdrückten Italiener darstellten, ist seit den 1990er Jahren vor allem von Roger Parker, Birgit Pauls und Mary Ann Smart widerlegt worden, die zeigen konnten, dass die behauptete politische Rezeption der Opern Ver- dis im Wesentlichen einem Mythisierungsprozess des Komponisten zu verdanken ist, der erst nach der Einigung Italiens erfolgte. Diese “revisionistische These” blieb in den letzten Jahren nicht unwidersprochen. Vor allem Philip Gossett polemisierte gegen sie, allerdings ohne seine Behauptungen hinreichend mit Quellen belegen zu können1 bzw. ohne hinreichende Quellenkritik zu üben.2 Im Folgenden soll der Versuch unternommen werden, einerseits die Quellenlage etwas zu verbreitern und andererseits die Quellen anhand einiger zentraler Beispiele genauer zu überprüfen. Angesichts des mehrfach erhobenen Einwands, die italienischen Zeitungen seien zensiert worden und hätten darum nicht über politische Demonstrationen in Bezug auf Verdis Opern berichten können, werden im Folgenden einerseits nicht zensierte Quellen ausgewertet und andererseits nicht-italienische Quellen aus Zeitungen und Zeitschriften, die zum Teil bemerkenswert zeitnah auf die italienischen Ereignisse eingingen. 1859: “Viva Verdi” Am 19. Januar 1859 berichtete die slowenische Zeitung Novice in einer Rubrik “iz Sardinskega”,3 die Gazzetta piemontese schreibe, die österreichischen Truppen hätten die Grenze der Lombardei besetzt, woraufhin die sardinische Regierung ihrer Armee 4 den Befehl zum Vorrücken auf die sardinisch[-piemontesische] Grenze gegeben habe. 1 Die Forschungslage wird von Roger Parker, “Verdi politico”, Journal of Modern Italian Studies 17 (2012): 427–436 und Mary Ann Smart, “Magical Thinking: reason and emotion in some recent literature on Verdi and politics”, Journal of Modern Ital- ian Studies 17 (2012): 437–447 referiert. Parker konnte 2012 noch nicht auf die neueren Artikel von Philip Gossett reagieren: “Giuseppe Verdi and the Italian Risorgimento” [The Jayne Lecture], Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 156 (2012): 271–282; “Giuseppe Verdi and the Italian Riorgimento”, Studia Musicologica 52 (2011): 241–257; “Censorship and the Definition of a National Idiom”, in VIVA V.E.R.D.I.: Music from Risorgimento to the Unification of Italy, ed. Roberto Illiano (Turnhout: Brepols, 2013), 141–154. – Als letzte Beiträge zum Thema Verdi und die Politik sind 2013 die kurze Beurteilung der Forschungslage von Anselm Gerhard, “Verdi-Bilder”, in Verdi. Handbuch, 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, ed. Anselm Gerhard und Uwe Schweikert (Stuttgart u.a.: Bärenreiter, Metzler, 2013), 2–27 (hier: 16–18) sowie Mary Ann Smart, “How political were Verdi‘s operas? Metaphors
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