Reply of Additional Details Sought

In compliance of MoM of 56th EAC Coal Mining Sector (held on 30th June, 2020)

For (Agenda No 56.3) EXPANSION OF MAKARDHOKRA-I OPENCAST MINE (PHASE-I)

Tehsil- Umrer, District- Nagpur Maharashtra (Umrer Area, WCL)

[Proposal No. IA/MH/CMIN/154498/2018; J- 11015/54/2006-IA-II (M)]

For Expansion in Production Capacity from 2.00 MTPA to 3.50 MTPA & Within ML area of 614.69 ha in Phase-I

February - 2021

[Online Proposal No. IA/MH/CMIN/154498/2018; J- 11015/54/2006-IA-II (M)]

1. BACKGROUND

The proposal for Environmental Clearance (EC) for “Expansion of Makardhokra-I Opencast mine (Phase-I) in Capacity from 2 MTPA to 3.50 MTPA of M/s Western Coalfields Limited in mine lease area of 614.69 ha located in Tehsil Umrer, District Nagpur (Maharashtra)” was considered in 56th EAC meeting held on 30th June 2020.

Subsequently, Additional Details Sought (ADS) on 31.07.2020 for the information / clarification on the certain points. Relevant portion of recorded minutes of the 56th EAC meeting is detailed below:

Quote:

“ 56.3.4 The EAC after deliberation sought compliance on below mentioned details:

 Letter of Member Secretary to MoEF regarding Public Hearing proceedings is not provided or enclosed.

 PP shall justify the baseline monitoring conducted during October, 2019 to 15th January, 2020 and then PH was conducted on 16th January, 2020.

 Permission of CGWA for ground water extraction is still pending since 2017.

 PP shall correct details submitted in Form # 2 @ Sr. No.27 regarding R & R, PP states there are 0 villages for R&R however at the end it mentions that R & R yet to start. And @Sr. No.35 (4) Approved Mine lease area is stated as 614.69 ha however approval document enclosed states that total land area is 660.02.

 Study the impact of diversion of Shirpur Nallah and accordingly necessary permission from concerned State Water Resource Department shall be submitted.

 Fresh/Separate baseline data for Flora & Fauna should be generated instead of using of Dinesh OC (nearby Makardhokra-I).

 PP shall clarify why CER is not applicable though the proposal is for expansion from 2 MTPA to 3.5 MTPA there must be additional capital investment for the project

 Permission for diversion is required from concerned authority for Butibori-Kanwa PWD road which is passing in between proposed dip side quarry surface and external dump.

 PP shall carry out hydro-geological investigations as regards the quality and quantity of water. Impact of mining activity on aquifers and water table considering the project is located near the Makardhokra Reservoir shall also be studied.  PP shall implement separate ETP for the proposed project for HEMM deployed though their maintenance will be contractor’s responsibilities.

 PP shall provide necessary mitigation measures as maximum Air quality data of PM10 and PM2.5 is almost close to 100 and 60 respectively at almost all the sites

 Mitigation measures to protect residence of Shirpur village should be proposed by PP as rehabilitation of Shirpur village is proposed in Phase – II.

 Clarification from District Forest Officer that project does not falls under Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Pench Tiger Reserve, Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Melghat Tiger Reserve, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, and Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary and there is no wildlife corridor (Tiger/Elephant).

 Site visit may be conducted as early as possible by sub-committee of EAC

Keeping in view above points the proposal was deferred for compliance of the above point”

:unquote

2. POINTWISE COMPLIANCE AGAINST THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE EAC

ADS – 1 : Letter of member secretory to MoEF regarding Public hearing is not provided or enclosed.

Submission / status of compliance : Copy of the letter vide no. BO/JD(WPC)/PH/B-299831-FTS-0132 dated 31/08/2020 from MPCB, Mumbai addressed to MoEF & CC, New Delhi regarding submission of Public Hearing proceedings is placed below for ready reference.

ADS - 2 : PP shall justify the baseline monitoring conducted during October, 2019 to 15th January, 2020 and then PH was conducted on 16th January, 2020.

Submission / status of compliance : The subject mine under consideration, is an operating mine having valid EC (granted vide letter no. J- 11015/54/2006-IA-II (A) dated 26.11.2015) for 2.00 MTPA capacity in a mine lease area of 614.69 ha which is now being proposed for expansion in production capacity only as Phase - I (from 2.00 MTPA to 3.50 MTPA). As mandated under EIA Notification, 2006, Terms of Reference (ToR) for the proposed expansion has been secured from MoEF & CC vide its letter no. J-11015/54/2006-IA-II(M) pt.file dated 7th November, 2019.

During the presentation, for grant of the aforesaid ToR, in 48th EAC meeting held on 04.10.2019, the PP apprised the EAC regarding the baseline data generated during the period April 2019 to June 2019 at six locations. The recorded data was found within the permissible limits. It may be mentioned here that, this period in specific reference to this region is worst /near to worst case scenario so far as ambient air quality is concerned with peak temperature and minimum humidity. It may be worthwhile to mention here that, the same has also been recorded in the minutes of 48th EAC at 48.19.2. (xxvi).

Quote: “ (xxvi) Baseline for Ambient Air Quality have been generated during April 2019 to June 2019 in the study area. The results have been found to be within prescribed limits” :unquote The same data as presented before the EAC has been incorporated in the EIA – EMP, prepared and presented at Public Hearing.

It may be further mentioned that, the EAC noted the submission of PP and advised further for 4- 5 monitoring stations in the downwind areas which are to be included in the air quality monitoring.

As per the aforesaid directives of EAC as recorded, additional monitoring stations in the downwind (5 Nos.) were selected and fresh ambient air quality data was generated in baseline frequency during October, 2019 to January 15, 2020. So far as this season is concerned (post - monsoon), this period is quite comfortable w.r.t. pre - monsoon season indicated in previous paragraph.

From the above, it is concluded that, Public Hearing document (draft EIA-EMP) is already having valid baseline data as required and final EIA- EMP submitted to MOEF&CC is having, in addition to original baseline (April 2019-June 2019), the data generated during October 2019 to 15th January, 2020 as directed by EAC for air quality modelling. ADS – 3 : Permission of CGWA is still pending since 2017. Only application has been done however no NOC obtained.

Submission / status of compliance : It is most humbly submitted that, the said issue regarding CGWA NOC for abstraction of ground water, was clarified in the 56th EAC meeting held on 30th June, 2020 and the same has been noted in the approved minutes. The relevant portion from the approved minutes of the meeting is re-produced below:- Quote

“NOC from CGWA has been secured for abstraction of ground water vide its letter CGWA/NOC/MIN/ORIG/2020/8139 dated 09.06.2020.” Unquote

However, a copy of the CGWA NOC (granted vide letter no. CGWA/NOC/MIN/ORIG/2020/8139 dated 09.06.2020) for abstraction ground water is again reproduced below for ready reference.

ADS – 4 : PP shall correct details submitted in Form #2 Sr. No. 27 regarding R&R, PP states that there are 0 villages for R&R however at the end it mentions that R&R yet to start. And @ Sr. No. 35(4) Approved Mine Lease Area is stated as 614.69 ha however approval document enclosed states that the total land area is 660.02 ha.

Submission / status of compliance : As far as R&R is concerned w.r.t. Expansion of Makardhokra- I Opencast Mine (Phase -I), it may be mentioned that, no rehabilitation envisaged in Phase - I of the Project. The same statement has been given at the time ToR presentation and accordingly recorded in ToR. Regarding, the query of “at the end it mentions that R&R is yet to start”, it is most humbly submitted that in the online PARIVESH portal there is no drop- down option as “ not required”. Accordingly with the available options, the best possible option relevant to “0” villages has been chosen.

Regarding the clarification in mine lease area, it is submitted that, project for proposed expansion has been conceived and planned in two phases viz. Phase - I & II. Accordingly, the Mining Plan has been prepared and approval of WCL Board has been secured for Phase – I & Phase – II. The land area involved in Phase - I is 614.69 ha and including Phase - II it will go up to 660.02 ha. The total land area of 614.69 ha as involved in Phase - I was apprised during ToR presentation and accordingly recorded in ToR. There is no additional land requirement in Phase - I. This proposal is for Phase - I only and the relevant details have been incorporated accordingly in line with the ToR granted for Phase - I.

ADS – 5 : Study the Impact of diversion of Shirpur Nala and accordingly necessary permission from concerned State Water Resource Department shall be submitted.

Submission / status of compliance : In reference to the Shirpur Nala, following is submitted. The Shirpur Nala is situated to the south of Makardhokra-I OC Mine. This is a seasonal stream which remains completely dry during non-monsoon period. In this regard, it is submitted that, the diversion will be carried out only with due permission from State Water Resource Department which is already in the process and the details are placed below:-

For Diversion of this nallah correspondence was done with Central Design Organisation, Water Resources Department (Planning & Hydrology) Nashik, Govt of Maharashtra vide letter no. WCL/SAM/USA/ENVT/2019/520 dated 01/10/19 and letter no WCL/UA/AGM/ENV/2020/337 dated 15/06/20.

Accordingly, C.D.O. Nashik, Water Resources Department (Planning & Hydrology) submitted a proposal for Consultancy assignment for flood study and consultancy charges for anticipated Designs and Drawings. Subsequently, the proposal for “Consultancy charges for Design, drawing and flood study for diversion of Amb Nallah” amounting Rs 27.14 lakhs has been approved by WCL Board in its 328th meeting held on 30.12.2020 and communicated vide Board resolution No. WCL/office of CS/BM- 328/2020-21/709 dated 07.01.2021. Copy of the approval is placed below:

Further, an application for seeking permission from Water Resource Department, Govt. Of Maharashtra has been submitted vide letter WCL/UA/AGM/ENV/2020/871 dated 28/08/2020.

ADS – 6 : Fresh /Separate baseline data for Flora & Fauna, should be generated instead of using of Dinesh OC (nearby Makardhokra - I OC)

Submission / status of compliance : As directed, fresh /separate baseline data for flora & fauna in respect of Makardhokra - I OC has been generated and attached herewith.

BASELINE DATA COLLECTION WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED UMRER AREA DISTRICT NAGPUR (MAHARASHTRA)

Ecology and Biodiversity study of the core and Buffer zone

Makardhokda-I OC mine (Phase-I), Umrer Area, WCL

PREPARED BY

Plot No F-7, Road No-21, Wagle Estate, Thane West- 400604, Maharashtra.

Flora Fauna Study

CONTENTS 1 FLORA AND FAUNA ...... 3 1.1 Floral Elements: ...... 3 1.2 Faunal Studies:...... 7 2 Biodiversity Assessment ...... 17 2.1 Aquatic Flora ...... 21 2.2 BASELINE STATUS OF FAUNA ...... 23 2.3 Terrestrial Fauna ...... 24 2.4 Aquatic Fauna: ...... 31 2.5 ANNEXURE I: LIST OF BUTTERFLY SPECIES REPORTED FROM THE CORE & BUFFER ZONE OF THE PROJECT WITH CONSERVATION STATUS. 33

1 Flora Fauna Study

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of Natural Vegetation in Core Zone ...... 8

Table 2: List of Natural Vegetation in Buffer Zone ...... 11

Table 3: List of Grasslands in Core Zone ...... 15

Table 4: List of Grasslands in Buffer Zone ...... 16

Table 5: Summary of Biodiversity Study ...... 18

Table 6: Simpsons Biodiversity of the project in Core and Buffer Zone ...... 19

Table 7: List of Aquatic flora in the Core zone ...... 22

Table 8: List of Aquatic flora in the Buffer zone ...... 22

Table 9: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Core Zone ...... 24

Table 10: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Buffer Zone ...... 27

Table 11: List of Aquatic Fauna in the Core Zone ...... 31

Table 12: List of Aquatic Fauna in the Buffer Zone ...... 31

2 Flora Fauna Study

FLORA FAUNA STUDY AT WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED UMRER AREA DISTRICT NAGPUR (MAHARASHTRA)

Ecology and Biodiversity study of the Core and Buffer zone for Makardhokda-I OC mine (Phase-I), Umrer Area, WCL, (with 614.69 Ha. area) covering Wildlife, avifauna and vegetation. (Baseline data for Flora & Fauna)

The Western Coalfields Limited (WCL) entrusted the assignment to study the Flora and Fauna in the area of their mine. Accordingly, a team was deputed to the site from 20th August 2020. Our team has interacted with the project authorities, forest offices and also survey was carried out on field study. We have appended our observations to the conducted studies, available secondary data and our field survey.

1 FLORA AND FAUNA

1.1 Floral Elements: Topographically the study area is encompassed by undulating terrain of flat ridges with isolated patches of natural vegetation. This can be classified as tropical dry deciduous forest (Champion & Seth, 1968). The mean annual temperatures are recorded between 250c to 400c. Average annual precipitation is recorded between 800 to 1200mm, mostly received during the South West Monsoon. Generally, the soil is sandy loam and predominantly sandy brown at slopes of hilly terrain. Functional Area Expert (EB) carried out the ecological site visits in core & buffer zone of the project along with other team members to assess ecological evaluation of the study area. In the core zone, natural vegetation was sparse and found to disturbed due to mining related activities. The Plantation zones in the core area comprises mainly Bamboo, Peltoforum, Chakundi, Neem, Sisham, Arjun, Saja, Amla, , Sitaphal, Maharukh, Babul, Palas and few ornamental plants.

There is a small seasonal stream / Nala in the core zone, which is proposed to be diverted from the core zone for a smaller stretch.

In buffer zone, the vegetation is present in smaller, discontinuous mixed to dry

3 Flora Fauna Study

deciduous types. As per the Working Plan of the Forest Department, commonly observed species in the area includes predominant Tectona grandis (Sagwan) followed by major mixed species are Terminalia tomentosa (Saja), Semicarpus anacadium sp.(Bija), Anthocephalus cadamba (Kalam), Adina cordifolia (Haldu), Tiwas, Anogissus (Dhaoda), Garadi, Mowai, Rohan, Chloroxylon sweitenia (Bhirra), Lagerstroemia parvifolia (Lendia), Butea monosperma (Palas), Bowswelia serrata (Salai) etc. In the fruit bearing species, Diospyros melanoxylon (Tendu), Madhuca indica (Moha), Buchanania lanzan (Char), Phyllanthus emblica (Aonla), Aegle marmelos (Bel), Terminalia chebula (Harra) and Terminalia bellerica (Baheda) are the main species. Natural Bamboo is limited to few compartments of well wooded areas. Bamboo plantations have come up very well. Holarrhoena antidysentrica (Kuda), and Gardenia (Decamali) are the main species in the understory.

Some of the above-mentioned species are found sheltered in the hilly areas and valleys, mostly in the South West and West part of the buffer zone. Umrer Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary is in Eastern part of the study area at more than 10 km distance from core zone of Makardhokda-I. The Eco sensitive zone of the area has been notified and the Eco-Sensitive Zone is from 130 m to 2500 m from the boundary of Urmed Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary and the area of ESZ is 63.230 Sq. Km. The project area of Makardokda-I OC Mine is located at a distance of 12.1 km from the ESZ of this nearest protected area.

Agro biodiversity elements mostly include cultivated species formed on the interspersed farmlands. The farmers in the neighboring villages practice both the commercial as well as traditional cultivation.

4 Flora Fauna Study

5 Flora Fauna Study

6 Flora Fauna Study

1.2 Faunal Studies: Both direct and indirect sampling methods were used for the survey of faunal elements. Also primary as well as secondary information was gathered to compile this chapter. Assessment of fauna was undertaken for the entire project area and area within the 10 km radius from the project area. Major faunal components included in the study were birds, reptiles and mammals.

Unlike vegetation, wherein separate listing is possible, for the birds the checklist includes aquatic birds as well as terrestrial birds for the entire area. The Fish species were recorded from the secondary data and by interacting with local people residing by nearby Makardhokra Reservoir.

There are two non-perennial nala flowing in the study area and Makardhokra Reservoir is the main water reservoir of the region. During the site surveys, no endangered, threatened or endemic species of flora & fauna as per the IUCN-Red Data Book (RDB), Botanical Survey of India (BSI) were found in the project area or the core area. However, in the buffer zone, some of the species reported in schedule II of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were reported. However, during field surveys, there were no sightings of endangered and threatened aquatic faunal elements.

The secondary information regarding fauna status was gathered through interaction with concerned Forest Range Office and based upon interactions it can be noted that species such as Spotted deer ( Cheetal), Indian Hare (Sasa), Sambhar (Deer), Neelgai, Panthera pardus (Leopard), Graden Lizard, Pea fowl (Mor), Wild Boar (Ran Dukkar), Jackal (Kolha), Fox (Khokad) are occasionally reported from the forest areaof the buffer zone. Local people opined that the species are commonly reported in the Urmed Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary while, rarely reported in the grasslands and scrub vegetation. .

The biodiversity assessment of core and buffer zone is carried out using quadrate sampling for vegetation and line transect method for fauna. The status of floral composition in core and buffer zone is provided below in Table 1.

7 Flora Fauna Study

Table 1: List of Natural Vegetation in Core Zone

S Common English Common RET IUCN Scientific / Botanical Name Family Name No Name /Hindi Name Status Status

Trees 1 Acacia ferruginea DC Safed Khair Kaiger Mimosacee - VU

2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Babul Babul Leguminosae - LC Delile 3 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Akash neem Maharukh Simaroubac - - eae 4 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Neem Meliaceae - LC

5 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Baans / Bamboo Bamboo Poaceae - - Willd. 6 Bauhinia racemosa Bidi leaf tree Katmauli Ceasalpinac - - eae 7 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Flame of the Palash Leguminosa e - - Taub. forest 8 Cassia siamea Lam. Siamese Kashid Cesalpinace - LC Senna ae 9 Cordia obliqua Willd. Cordia tree Lasora Boraginacea e - -

10 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebony Tendu Ebenaceae - -

11 Ficus hispida L. f. Fig Gobla Moraceae - LC

12 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Crepe Flower Lendia Lythraceae - -

13 Mangifera indica L Mango Aam Anacardiace ae - DD

14 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Wild date palm khajur Arecaceae - -

15 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Arjun Arjun Combretace ae - - Wight & Arn 16 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Indian plum Ber Rhamnacea e - -

17 Tectona grandis L. Teak Saghvan Lamiaceae - -

Herbs 1 Achyranthus aspera L. Prickly Chaff Chir chita / Amaranthac eae - - Flower aghada

2 Alternanthera ficoidea ( L.) Sm. Joseph's coat Sanguina rea Amaranthac eae - -

3 Ammannia baccifera L. Blistering Aginbuti Lythraceae - LC Ammania

8 Flora Fauna Study

4 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Tropical Clover, Bon kulatha Fabaceae - LC Thouars 5 Corchorus capsularis L White jute Jute Malvaceae - -

6 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Couch Grass Dobri Poaceae - -

7 Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum Grass Poaceae - - (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf 8 Euphorbia hirta L. Asthma Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiaceae - -

9 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Dwarf Vishnugr anti Convolvulaceae - - Morning Glory

10 Senna tora (L.) Roxb Ring worm plant Panwar Fabaceae - -

11 Sphaeranthus indicus L. East Indian globe Mundi Asteraceae - LC Thistle

12 Trichodesma zeylanicum Camel bush Camel bush Boraginacea e - - (Burm.f.) R.Br 13 Triumfetta rhomboideae Jacq. Burr Bush, Bur bush Malvaceae - -

14 Xanthium strumarium L Cocklebur Chota Dhatura Asteraceae - -

15 Malvastrum coromandelianum False mallow Kharenti Malvaceae - - (L.) Garcke Shrubs

1 Cissampelos pareira L Velvet leaf Laghu patha Menisperma - - ceae 2 Hibiscus lobatus (Murray) Lobed Leaf Lahan Jaswand Malvaceae - - Kuntze Mallow 3 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit Pignut American mint Lamiaceae - -

4 Ipomoea carnea Jace Bush morning Bush morning Convolvulac eae - - glory Glory

5 Ixora parviflora Lam. Torch tree Vaasanti Rubiaceae - -

6 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Wild sage Lamiaceae - -

7 Phyllanthus reticulates L. Black- Kambojin i Phyllanthace ae - - Honey Shrub

8 Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench Great millet Jowar Poaceae - LC

9 Flora Fauna Study

9 Urena sinuata Linn. Burrmallow Bachita Malvaceae - -

Climber

1 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Farid bhuti Farid buti Menisperma - - ceae 2 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Kala dhana Neelkalm i Convolvulac eae - -

3 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Karviturai Sponge guard Cucurbitace ae - -

4 Mucuna pruriens Baker non DC Buffalo Bean Kaunch Fabaceae - -

5 Opilia amentacea Roxb. Karabadali a Opiliaceae - -

6 Bryonia laciniosa L Shivlinga Cucurbitace ae - -

Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

10 Flora Fauna Study

Table 2: List of Natural Vegetation in Buffer Zone

S Common/ REET IUCN Scientific/Botanical Name English Name Family Name No Hindi Name Status Status

Trees

1 Acacia ferruginea DC Safed Khair Kaiger Mimosacee - VU

Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild ex 2 Babul Babul Leguminosa e - LC Delile

3 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Bael Bael Rutaceae - -

Simaroubac 4 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Maharukh Maharukh - - eae Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) 5 Kala sirish Bilwara Fabaceae - LC Benth.

6 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Neem Meliaceae - LC

Bambusa arundinacea 7 Baans Bamboo Poaceae - - (Retz.) Willd.

Ceasalpinac 8 Bauhinia racemosa Bidi leaf tree Katmauli - - eae Butea monosperma (Lam.) 9 Polash Palash, Dhak Leguminosa e - - Taub.

Siamese 10 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasod tree Cesalpinace ae - LC Senna

11 Cordia obliqua Willd. Cordia tree Lasora Boraginaceae - -

Diospyros melanoxylon 12 Ebony Tendu patta Ebenaceae - - Roxb.

13 Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Corky Cora l Tr Pangra Fabaceae - -

Anjeer / 14 Ficus hispida L. f. Gobla Moraceae - LC kharbatti Gymnosporia wallichiana 15 Henkal Hekal Celastracea e - - Spreng. ex Wight & Arn.

Lagerstroemia parviflora 16 Crepe Flower Lendia / Jarul Lythraceae - - Roxb.

Madhuca longifolia var. 17 Mahua Gur / Mahu Sapotaceae - - latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev.

18 Mangifera indica L Mango Aam, amba Anacardiaceae - DD

Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) 19 Karam Kadamb Rubiaceae - - Korth.

11 Flora Fauna Study

Moringa concanensis Nimmo 20 Wild drum stick Jangli Shevga Moringaceae - - ex Dalz. & Gibs

21 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Wild date palm Khajur Arecaceae - -

22 Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Pongam oil tree Karanj Fabaceae - LC

23 Tectona grandis L. Teak Saghvan Lamiaceae - -

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) 24 Arjun Arjun Combretace ae - - Wight & Arn Ber/ Chani 25 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Indian plum Rhamnacea e - - Bor

Climber

Shivalingi, 1 Bryonia laciniosa L; Shivlinga Cucurbitace ae - - Manjri

Menisperma 2 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Farid bhuti Farid buti - - ceae

Kantaalu, 3 Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Five Leaf Yam Dioscoreace ae - - Suran

Convolvulac 4 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Kala dhana Neelkalmi - - eae

SDodka, 5 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Karviturai Cucurbitace ae - - Turai

Mucuna pruriens Baker non 6 Buffalo Bean Kaunch Fabaceae - - DC

7 Opilia amentacea Roxb. Karabadali a Opiliaceae - -

Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Menisperma 8 Malabar Gulbel Giloy, gulvel - - Merr. ceae

Wattakaka volubilis (L.f) Stap 9 Sneeze Wort dugdhivel Apocynacea e - - f

Herb

Amaranthac 1 Achyranthus aspera L. Chir chita Chirchita - - eae

Alternanthera ficoidea ( L.) Amaranthac 2 Joseph's coat Sanguinarea - - Sm. eae

Blistering 3 Ammannia baccifera L. Aginbuti Lythraceae - LC Ammania

4 Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. Blumea Not available Asteraceae - -

Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Bon kulatha, 5 Tropical Clover, Fabaceae - LC Thouars Ran tur

12 Flora Fauna Study

6 Corchorus capsularis L White jute Jute Malvaceae - -

7 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Couch Grass Dobri, Durva Poaceae - -

Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum 8 Grass Poaceae - - (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf

Desmodium gangeticum Sal Leaved De 9 Dhruva Fabaceae - - (L.)DC. smodium

10 Euphorbia hirta L. Asthma Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiace ae - -

Dwarf Morning Convolvulac 11 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L visnukanta - - Glory eae

Crested 12 Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Bukhar jadi Acanthaceae - - Lepidagath is

Malvastrum 13 Clock plant Kharenti Malvaceae - - coromandelianum (L.)Garcke

14 Pentanema indicum (L.) Place. Bichhloo Sonkadi Asteraceae - -

Randia dumetorum (Retz.) 15 Emetic nut Madanaphal Rubiaceae - - Lam.

16 Senna tora (L.) Roxb Panwar Pawad Fabaceae - -

17 Sida acuta L. Wire herb Baraira Malvaceae - -

Long stalked 18 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Bhuiini Malvaceae - - sida

East Indian 19 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Asteraceae - LC globe thistle

20 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers Sharpunka Sharpunka Fabaceae - -

Trichodesma zeylanicum 21 Camel bush Camel bush Boraginacea e - - (Burm.f.) R.Br

22 Triumfetta rhomboideaeJacq. Burr Bush, Bur bush Malvaceae - -

13 Flora Fauna Study

Chota 23 Xanthium strumarium L Cocklebur Asteraceae - - Dhatura

Shrub

Antidesma ghaesembilla 1 Kadamb Binayuyo Phyllanthace ae - LC Gaertn

2 Canthium parviflorum Lam Kadbar Kadbar Rubiaceae - -

3 Celastrus paniculatus Wild black oil plant malkangni Celastracea e - -

Menisperma 4 Cissampelos pareira L velvetleaf Laghu patha - - ceae

Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) 5 Indian plum Ramontchi Salicaceae - LC Merr.

Gummy cape 6 Gardenia gummifera L.f Kikemali Rubiaceae - LC jasmine

Hibiscus lobatus (Murray) Lobed Leaf Lahan 7 Malvaceae - - Kuntze Mallow Jaswand

8 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit American mint Vilaiti Tulas Lamiaceae - -

Bush Bush Convolvulac 9 Ipomoea carnea Jace morning - - morning glory eae Glory

10 Ixora parviflora Lam. Torch tree Vaasanti Rubiaceae - -

11 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Raimuniya Lamiaceae - -

Black- Honey 12 Phyllanthus reticulates L. Kambojini Phyllanthace ae - - Shrub

Phyllanthac 13 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Panjuli Panjuli - - eae

14 Urena sinuata Linn. Burrmallow Bachita Malvaceae - -

15 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Jackle jujube Makora Rhamnacea e - -

Source: Field survey, Working Plan, Nagpur Forest Division /Interaction with Forest Department and local people

14 Flora Fauna Study

GRASS LANDS No prominent grass land ecosystem was found in the study area. However, a few patches of grass lands were found mixed with natural vegetation, borders of agricultural land and at forest patches in low lands. They were also found occurring at cultivable waste lands which are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock species. The grassland species of the study area are presented the table below.

Table 3: List of Grasslands in Core Zone

Common Name of REET IUCN SNo. Botanical name English name /Hindi name class/Family Status Status

Mauration 1 Apluda mutica L. Tachula Poaceae - - grass Aristida setacea 2 Broom grass - Poaceae - Retz.

3 Cynodon dactylon L. Bermuda grass Dhup grass Poaceae - -

Eragrostis amabilis 4 Love grass Bunchgrass Poaceae - - (L.) Wight &Arn. Iseilema 5 prostratum (L.) Flinders grass Mushan Poaceae - - Andersson

6 Panicum repens L. Couch Panicum Bansi Poaceae - LC

Parthenium Congress- 7 Santa- Maria Asteraceae - - hysterophorus L. ghas Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

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Table 4: List of Grasslands in Buffer Zone

S No Botanical name English name Common Name of REET IUCN . /Hindi name class/Family Status Status

1 Apluda mutica L. Mauration Tachula Poaceae - - grass

2 Aristida setacea Retz. Broom grass - Poaceae - -

3 Cynodon dactylon L. Bermuda Dhupgrass Poaceae - - grass

4 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Love grass Bunchgrass Poaceae - - Wight &Arn.

5 Iseilema prostratum (L.) Flinders Mushan Poaceae - - Andersson grass

6 Heteropogon contortus (L.) Spear grass, Kher Poaceae - - P.Beauv. ex Roem. &Schult.

7 Imperata cylindrica(L.) Cogon grass - Poaceae - LC Raeusch

8 Panicum repens L. Couch Bansi Poaceae - LC Panicum

9 Parthenium hysterophorus Bitter weed Gajar ghas / Asteraceae - - L. congress ghas 10 Setaria faberi R.A.W. Giant Foxtail. - Poaceae - - Herrm. Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

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2 Biodiversity Assessment

Diversity indices: Apart of checklist studies, for the quantitative assessment of flora and fauna of the core and buffer zone was sampled using Quadrate method and applying basic species diversity indices. Species diversity indices are useful in describing one habitat / community /area with other and known as one of the efficient ways to analyze community structure. Simpson diversity Index takes in to account the density of individual species and its relative abundance. A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in which several different species have a similar abundance. Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity, which considers the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0, no diversity.

QUADRANT LOCATIONS IN CORE AND BUFFER ZONE

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Table 5: Summary of Biodiversity Study

No of GBH (Girth at Height Zone Quadrant Species (Scientific name) Latitude Longitude tree Breast Height) (m)

Q1 Acacia ferruginea DC 1 90 8 20°52’11”N 79° 14’50”E

Q1 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 2 40,50 6, 7 20°52’11”N 79° 14’50”E

Q1 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 3 30, 70, 5..6 20°52’11”N 79° 14’50”E

Q1 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 2 10,12 1, 2 20°52’11”N 79° 14’50”E

Q1 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 30 6 20°52’11”N 79° 14’50”E

Q2 Ficus hispida L. f. 2 15,20 3..4 20°52’09”N 79° 14’21”E

Q2 Bauhinia racemosa 1 20 3 20°52’09”N 79° 14’21”E

Q2 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb 1 130 4 20°52’09”N 79° 14’21”E

Q2 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight 1 100 11 20°52’09”N 79° 14’21”E Q3 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight 1 110 9 20°51’38”N 79°14’30”E

Core Q3 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex 1 10 2 20°51’38”N 79°14’30”E Q4 Cordia obliqua Willd. 1 103 9 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q4 Mangifera indica L 1 210 18 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q4 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb 3 160,16 5..1 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q4 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 1 10 3 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q5 Mangifera indica L 2 170,20 15, 20°50’46”N 79° 14’48”E

Q5 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb 1 130 4 20°50’46”N 79° 14’48”E

Q1 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 1 40 9 20°51’12”N 79° 18’47”E

Q1 Cassia siamea Lam. 2 60, 70 4..5 20°51’12”N 79° 18’47”E

Q2 Cordia obliqua Willd. 1 120 9 20°54’41”N 79° 15’44”E

Q2 Tectona grandis L. 1 130 18 20°54’41”N 79° 15’44”E

Q2 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight 1 50 8 20°54’41”N 79° 15’44”E

Q2 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 1 10 2 20°54’41”N 79° 15’44”E

Q3 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 1 20 3 20°53’02”N 79° 12’53”E Q3 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) 2 10,12 5,6 20°53’02”N 79° 12’53”E Buffer Q3 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 1 12 3 20°53’02”N 79° 12’53”E

Q3 Gymnosporia wallichiana 1 10 3 20°53’02”N 79° 12’53”E

Q3 Tectona grandis L. 1 40 12 20°53’02”N 79° 12’53”E

Q4 Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. 1 10 1 20°46’32”N 79°13’05”E

Q4 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 1 103 6 20°46’32”N 79°13’05”E

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Q4 Bauhinia racemosa. Lam. 1 20 2.5 20°46’32”N 79°13’05”E

Q4 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 4 25,28, 2.5- 20°46’32”N 79°13’05”E

Q5 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa 1 10 1.5 20°50’45”N 79°10’52”E

Q5 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 3 100, 6..8 20°50’45”N 79°10’52”E

Q5 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia 1 203 8 20°50’45”N 79°10’52”E

Q5 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) 1 10 2 20°50’45”N 79°10’52”E

Q5 Tectona grandis L. 2 80, 7, 8 20°50’45”N 79°10’52”E

Q6 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 1 20 3 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q6 Butea monosperma (Lam.) 7 10, 25 2..3 20°51’16”N 79°14’10”E

Q7 Ficus hispida L. f. 1 15 5 20°54’03”N 79° 11’29”E

Q7 Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex 1 140 13 20°54’03”N 79° 11’29”E

Q8 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.ssp. 1 120 15 20°50’13”N 79° 17’08”E

Q8 Erythrina suberosa Roxb. 1 130 16 20°50’13”N 79° 17’08”E

Q8 Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre 1 10 3 20°50’13”N 79° 17’08”E Table 6: Simpsons Biodiversity of the project in Core and Buffer Zone

Core Zone

Species Common Name Botanical Name No. of Trees

Kaiger Acacia ferruginea DC 1

Babul Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Delile 1

Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 2

Katmauli Bauhinia racemosa 2

Polash Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 3

Lasora Cordia obliqua Willd. 1

Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 2

Gobla Ficus hispida L. f. 2

Lendia Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1

Aam Mangifera indica L 4

Wild date palm Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb 5

Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn 2

Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 1

Simpson's Index of Biodiversity 0.86

% Simpsons Index of Biodiversity 86.60% Buffer_Zone

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Species Common Name Botanical Name No. of Trees Safed khair Acacia ferruginea DC 4 Babul Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan 3 Bael Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa 1 Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. 2 Kala sirish Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. 1 Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 2 Baans Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. 2 Katmauli Bauhinia racemosa. Lam. 2 Polash Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 24 Kasod tree Cassia siamea Lam. 4 Lasora Cordia obliqua Willd. 1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 2 Pangaro Erythrina suberosa Roxb. 1 Gobla Ficus hispida L. f. 4 Henkal Gymnosporia wallichiana Spreng. ex Wight & Arn. 1 Kaith Limonia acidissima L. 1 Mahua Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev. 2 Aam Mangifera indica L. 1 Karam Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. 2 Jangli sargua Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Dalz. & Gibs 1 Yellow flame Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne 1 Karanj Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre 1 Teak Tectona grandis L. 8 Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn 1 Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. 1 Simpson's Index of Biodiversity 0.81 % Simpsons Index of Biodiversity 81.3%

Because of relative abundance of species in the core zone is similar and within the narrow range (1-5), its diversity as per the Simpson Index is high, compared to the buffer zone whose relative abundance varies from 1-24 species. Here buffer zone have more species richness (no. of species reported are high) but because of their relative abundances are showing wide range, the diversity as per the Simpsons index is low.

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2.1 Aquatic Flora Amb Nadi flows through the buffer zone. Buffer zone of the project has Undri Nadi and a few small tanks / ponds.

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Aquatic Flora present are listed in table below.

Table 7: List of Aquatic flora in the Core zone

Sr. Botanical name Englis Common Name of REET IUCN No h /Hin class/Family Status Status name di nam e 1 Cyperus articulatus Jointed flat Cyperaceae - LC Linn sedge 2 Cyperus corymbosus Nagar Cyperaceae - LC Rottb. moth a 3 Marsilea quadrifolia L. Four Caupatiya Marsiliaceae - LC leaved clover 4 Monochoria vaginalis Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae - LC (Burm.f.) C.Presl 5 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Jalapippali bukkan Verbenaceae - LC Grene 6 Typha domingensis souther Patera Typhaceae - LC Pers. n cattail

Source: Field survey, Interaction with local people

Table 8: List of Aquatic flora in the Buffer zone

Sr. Botanical name English name Common Family Name REET IUCN No /Hindi name Status Status

1 Colocasia esculenta Taro Arvi, Kachalu Araceae - LC (L.) Schott

2 Cyperus articulatus Jointed flat - Cyperaceae - LC Linn sedge

3 Cyperus corymbosus Nagar motha Cyperaceae - LC Rottb.

4 Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth Jal Khumbi. Pontedraceae - - (Mart.) Solms Kendal 5 Hygrophila ringens Wild Acanthaceae - - (L.) R. Br. ex Spreng. hygrophila

6 Ipomoea aquatic Water Morning Nali Convolvulaceae - LC Forssk. Glory

7 Limnanthemum Floating heart Sui Menyanthacea - - cristatum (Roxb.) e Griseb.

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8 Marsilea quadrifolia . Four leaved Caupatiya Marsiliaceae - LC clover 9 Monochoria vaginalis Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae - LC (Burm.f.) C.Presl

10 Nymphaea nouchali Water lily Neelkamal Nymphaeaceae - LC Burm f

11 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Jalapippali bukkan Verbenaceae - LC Grene

12 Typha domingensis southern cattail Patera Typhaceae - LC Pers. Source: Field survey, Interaction with local people

The study of aquatic flora revealed common species and no rare and endangered floral species reported during the study from the core and buffer zone.

WCL has done plantation of Sisu, Sivan, Neem, Karanj, Custard apple, Jamun, Cassia, Raintree, Amrud, Amala in the green belt and afforestation areas

2.2 BASELINE STATUS OF FAUNA Among the faunal groups avian fauna of terrestrial inhabitants of passerine category birds are conspicuous in grass lands (degraded forest) within the study area of the project. The domesticated animals like Goat (Capra aegagrus), Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Cow (Bos primigenius), Cat (Felis catus), and Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were found in villages. The aquatic habitats consist of River, Nala, Ponds; Ditches and water-logged areas represented by fin-fish (fishes) of seasonal varieties.

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2.3 Terrestrial Fauna

Table 9: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Core Zone

Name WPA, 1972 IUCN SNo Common / Scientific English Status Status Hindi Mammal

1 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC

3 Stripped Palm 2 Funambulus pennant Gilahari IV LC squirrel Indian Grey 3 Herpestes edwardsi Nevlaa II LC Mongoose 4 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Bandar II LC Indian Field 5 Mus booduga Chuha V LC Mouse Common House 6 Rattus rattus Chuha V LC Rat Birds 1 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Myna IV LC 3 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC

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4 Corvus splendens House Crow Kauva V LC 5 Centropus sinensis Crow pheasant Couckoo IV LC 6 Columbia livia Pigeon Kabutar - LC 7 Egretta garzetta Little egret Kilchia Bagla IV LC 8 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin Robin IV LC Motacilla Large Pied 9 Dhobi IV LC maderaspatensis Wagtail 10 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird Shinjir IV LC Vatvatya, 11 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler IV LC Bhordya 12 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird Shimpi IV LC Eudynamys 13 Koel Koyal IV LC scolopacea 14 Passer domesticus House sparrow Gauriyya - LC Rose ringed 15 Psittacula krameri Tota - LC parakeet

16 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented bulbul Bulbul IV LC

Reptile Sanmp, 1 Bungamus caeruleus Common Krait IV - Manyar 2 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Girgit,+ sarada - - Smooth water 3 Enhydris enhydris Kidka sap - LC snake 4 Hemidactylus sp. House lizard Chipkali - LC 5 Naja Naja Cobra Nag II DD Common water 6 Natrix piscator Sanmp IV - snake 7 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Dhaman IV - Amphibian Medhak, 1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad - LC Beduk Euphlyctis 2 Common frog Medhak - LC hexadactyla 3 Rana hexadactyla Green pond frog Medhak - - 4 Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Medhak - LC Insects 1 Anisoptera Dragon flies Vyaadh-Patang - -

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2 Antheria mylita Moth Phulpakharu IV - 3 Bacillus rossii Grasshopper Tidda IV - Butterflies Catopsilia pomona Common 1 Titli IV - (Fabricius) Emigrant Tirumala limniace 2 Blue Tiger Titli IV - leopardus (Butler) Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

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Table 10: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Buffer Zone

Name WPA, S No 1972 IUCN Scientific English Common / Hindi Status Status

Mammal

1 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC

2 Boselaphus tragocamelus Blue bull Nilgai III LC

3 Canis aureus Jackal Kolha II LC

4 Felis chaus Jungle Cat Jangli Billi II LC

5 Funambulus pennanti 3 Strip Palm squirrel Gilahari, Khar IV LC

6 Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose Nevlaa, Mangoose II LC

7 Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Khargosh, Sasa IV LC

8 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Bandar, Makad II LC

9 Mus booduga Indian Field Mouse Chuha, Ghoos V LC

10 Rattus rattus Common House Rat Chuha, Undir V LC

Semnopithecus 11 Hanuman Langur Vanar, Makad dussumieri II LC

12 Viverra indica Civet cat Ud-manjar II

13 Vulpus bengalensis Indian Fox Khokad II

14 Sus scrofa Wild pig Ran dukkar III

Birds 1 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Myna IV LC

2 Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher Ramchiraya IV LC

3 Amandava amandava Red Avadavat Laal munia - LC

4 Anas carolinensis Green-winged Teal IV

5 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Gungla IV LC

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6 Anser indicus Bar-headed Goose IV LC Kareyee hans

7 Ardea alba Great Egret Tar bagala IV LC

8 Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron Andha bagula IV LC

9 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC Bhardwaj, Kumbhar 10 Centropus sinensis Greater coucal IV LC kukda

11 Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover IV LC

12 Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover IV LC Zirrea

13 Columba livia Pigeon Kabutar - LC

14 Corvus splendens House Crow Kauva V LC

15 Dinopium benghalense Wood pecker Sutar IV LC

16 Egretta garzetta Little egret Kilchia Bagla IV LC

Black-headed 17 Emberiza melanocephala IV LC Bunting Gandam 18 Eudynamys scolopacea Koel Koyal IV LC

19 Francolinus pictus Painted partridge Kala teetar IV LC

20 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt IV LC Gaz paon

21 Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow - LC Leishra, Pakoli 22 Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant Jograbi IV LC

23 Milvus migrans Black kite Cheel, Ghar - LC

24 Passer domesticus House sparrow Gauriyya, Chimni - LC

25 Pastor roseus Rosy Starling Tilyer IV LC

26 Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant - LC Ghogur Plum-headed 27 Psittacula cyanocephala IV LC Parakeet Tuinya tota Rose ringed 28 Psittacula krameri Tota - LC parakeet Red-vented 29 Pycnonotus cafer Bulbul IV LC Bulbul 30 Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove IV LC

31 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Kabutar IV -

32 Sturnus contra Asian pied starling Maina IV -

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33 Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck IV LC Chakwa

34 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler Gaigai, Bhordya - LC

Red-wattled 35 Vanellus indicus Titeeri, Titwi IV LC lapwing

36 Ocyceros birostris Grey Hornbill Dhanchiri III LC

Reptile

1 Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait Manyar Sanmp III

2 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Girgit, sarada - -

3 Xenochrophis piscator Checkered keelback Kidka Sanmp -II LC

4 Hemidactylus sp. House lizard Chipkali, Pal - LC

5 Naja Naja Cobra Nag II DD

-Oxybelis 6 Oxybelis fulgidus Green vine snake Hirantol IV fulgidus 7 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Dhaman II -

8 Varanus bengalensis Monitor lizard Ghorpad I (part II) -

9 Daboia russeli Russel’s viper Ghonus Sanmp II LC Amphibian 1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad Medhak, Beduk - LC

2 Euphlyctis hexadactyla Common frog Medhak - LC

3 Rana hexadactyla Green pond frog Medhak - -

4 Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Medhak - LC Insects 1 Anisoptera Dragon flies Vyaadh-Patang - -

2 Antheria mylita Moth Phulpakharu IV -

3 Bacillus rossii Grasshopper Tidda IV -

Butterflies *

Catopsilia pomona 1 Common Emigrant Titli (Fabricius) IV -

Tirumala limniace 2 Blue Tiger Titli leopardus (Butler) IV - Source: Field survey, eBird website, Interaction with Forest Department and local people Note: Migratory bird species in above table are - Anser indicus, Ardeola grayii, Bubulcus ibis, Charadrius alexandrinus, Emberiza melanocephala, Himantopus himantopus, Tadorna ferruginea

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* A detailed appendix of the list of Butterflies is attached as Annexure.

It can be noted here that because of water bodies around, these winter migratory aquatic bird species have no threat operating on them for survival

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2.4 Aquatic Fauna: Aquatic species were assessed by visiting the water bodies, interacting with the local fishermen and observations in the local market. Also comprehensive secondary data collection was carried out of the fish and other aquatic species of the area, which is attached as Annexure II. These species were known to occur in the nearby streams, Rivers, ponds and reservoir. However, none of them have a concern for their conservation.

Table 11: List of Aquatic Fauna in the Core Zone

Sl. Name Scheduled Status ICUN No. Scientific English Common / Hindi Status 1 Catla catla Catla Murrai - LC 2 Channa punctatus Spotted murrel Maggri LC 3 Clarias batrachus Magur Boyi LC - 4 Labeo rohita Rohu Rohu - LC Source: Field survey, Interaction with people

Table 12: List of Aquatic Fauna in the Buffer Zone

Sl. Name Scheduled Status ICUN No. Scientific English Common / (WAP, Status 1 Catla catla Catla Murrai LC - 2 Channa punctatus Spotted murrel Maggri LC - 3 Clarias batrachus Magur Boyi LC - 4 Labeo rohita Rohu Rohu LC - 5 Cirrhinus fulungee Deccan white carp Mulich LC - 6 Puntius sophore Spotfin Swamp Barb Khavli LC -

Source: Field survey, Interaction with local people

The above-mentioned species were reported during the field surveys. In addition, literature studies were undertaken to understand likely presence of various aquatic species in the region. This includes insects, mollusk and fishes. A separate annexure II is enclosed detailing the same.

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it is observed that endangered, endemic species are not present in the study area.

When we compared aquatic fauna of core and buffer zones, it was observed that a few species were missing from the core zone but present in the buffer zone. This is mainly due to the presence large water bodies in the buffer zone. These species generally represent enriched nutrient status mostly due to human activities such as farming, washing, bathing, etc. However, no indication of industrial pollution reported based upon the species composition of streams and water bodies around. On account of industrial waste, or pollution, these water bodies / reservoirs are very well protected. The chemical analysis of fresh water supports the same and indicates relatively un polluted surface water bodies.

In short, the core and buffer zone has fair representation of floral elements and insects, amphibians, mollusks, fishes, reptiles, birds and mammal species. The aquatic species are thriving well because of water bodies in the surrounding areas, while mammals are well conserved because of the protected area and surrounding forests.

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2.5 ANNEXURE I: LIST OF BUTTERFLY SPECIES REPORTED FROM THE CORE & BUFFER ZONE OF THE PROJECT WITH CONSERVATION STATUS.

Sr. Common WPA Scientific Name Image No Name Status Family Papilionidae

Pachliopta Sch.II, Part 1 Common Rose aristolochiae IV

Graphium Sch. II 2 Tailed Jay avemonon (Part II)

3 Lime butterfly Papilio demoleus Sch. IV

Common 4 Papilio polytes Sch. IV Mormon

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Papilio 5 Blue Mormon Sch. IV polymnestor,

Family Pieridae

Common 6 Catopsilia pomona Sch. IV Emigrant

Mottled Catopsilia 7 Sch. IV Emigrant pyranthe

Small Grass 8 Eurema brigitta Sch. IV Yellow

Common Grass 9 Eurema hecabe Sch. IV Yellow

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Common 10 Delias eucharis Sch. IV Jezebel

11 Psyche Leptosia nina, Sch. IV

Small Orange 12 Colotis etrida Sch. IV Tip

White Orange 13 Ixias marianne Sch. IV Tip

Yellow Orange 14 Ixias pyrene Sch. IV Tip

Common 15 Pareronia valeria Sch. IV Wanderer

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Family Nymphalidae

Common 16 Melanitis leda Sch. IV Evening Brown

Common 17 Lethe rohria Sch. IV Treebrown

Common 18 Mycalesis perseus Sch. IV Bushbrown

Common Phalanta 19 Sch. IV Leopard phalantha

20 Common Sailor Neptis hylas Sch. IV

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Common 21 Euthalia aconthea Sch. IV Baron

Baronet Or Red 22 Euthalia nais Sch. IV Baron

Common 23 Ariadne merione Sch. IV Castor

24 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta Sch. IV

25 Blue Pansy Junonia orithya Sch. IV

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26 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Sch. IV

27 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Sch. IV

Chocolate 28 Junonia iphita Sch. IV Pansy

29 Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina Sch. IV

Hypolimnas Sch. II, 30 Danaid Eggfly misippus Part IV.

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Glassy Blue 31 Ideopsis vulgaris Sch. IV Tiger

32 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Sch. IV

33 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Sch. IV

Striped Or 34 Danaus genutia Sch. IV Common Tiger

35 Common Crow Euploea core Sch. IV

Family Lycaenidae

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36 Zebra Blue Leptotes plinius Sch. IV

37 Indian Cupid Cupido lacturnus Sch. IV

38 Grass Jewel Freyeria trochylus Sch. IV

Common 39 Jamides celeno Sch. IV Cerulean

40 Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus Sch. IV

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Common 41 Cigaritis vulcanus Sch. IV Silverline

Family Hesperidae

Common 42 Hasara chromus Sch. IV Banded Awl

43 Indian Skipper Spialia galba Sch. IV

Annexure: Detailed Checklist of Fish and other aquatic species reported from the region

As per the research work carried out by Lonkar & Kedar (2013) on Icthyofaunal diversity of the area, following species of fresh water fishes reported from water bodies of the region: Sr.no. Common Scientific name Order WPA Names 1972 Status 1 Grass carp Ctenopharyngdon idella Cypriniformes - 2 Silver carp Hypophthalmichtys Cypriniformes - molitrix 3 Catala Catla catla Cypriniformes - 4 Rohu Labeo rohita Cypriniformes - 5 Common carp Cyprinus carpio Cypriniformes - 6 Mrigal carp Cirrihina mrigala Cypriniformes - 7 Walking cat fish Clarias batracus Cypriniformes - 8 Stinging cat fish Heteropneustus fossilis Cypriniformes - 9 Barbel Barbus sp. Cypriniformes -

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10 Mully cat fish Wallago attu Cypriniformes - 11 Indian mottled Anguilla bengalensis Angulliformes - eel 12 Needle fish Belone cancila Beloniformes - 13 Common snake Channa striatus Ophiocephalliformes - headed 14 Spotted snake Channa punctatus Ophiocephalliformes - headed 15 Bulls eye snake Channa nama Paraformes - headed 16 Bulls eye gobby Glossogobius giuris Paraformes - 17 Giant river Mystus seenghala Singuliformes - catfish 18 Sharptooth Clarius garipinnus Singuliformes - catfish 20 Clown knife fish Notopterus chitala Clupeiformes - 21 Tire track eel Mastacembalus Mastacembaliformes - aramatus 22 Mosabbique Tilapia sp Syngnathiformis - Tilapia Ref: S.S.Lonkar and G.T.Kedar (2013). Icthyofaunal Diversity of three lakes of Nagpur, Central India Multilogic in Science, Vol II, Issue V April 2013. As per the research work carried out by Lonkar et al. (2015) on macrozoobenthos, other aquatic species reported from the region are listed below:

Macrozoobenthos Species Winter Summer Monsoon Average Average Mean

Sr.no. Classification Species details Phylum-Annelida Class-Oligochaeta Family-Tubificidae Limnodrillus hoffemeistry Family-Naididae Nais communis Family-Aelosmatidae Aeolosoma bengalensis Family-Lumbricidae Lumbricus variegates Class-Hirudinea Family-Glossiphonidae Glossiphonia sp. Phylum-Arthropoda Class-Arachnida Family-Hydrachnidiae Hydracarina sp Class-Crustacea Order-Decapoda Family-Gelechiidae Paratelphusa jaquemonti Family-Gelechiidae Gelasimus sp. Class-Insecta Order-Odonata Sub order-Anisoptera Dragonfly nymphs Sub order-Zygoptera Damselfly nymphs Order-Diptera Family-Tendipididae Chironomous sp. Family-Culicidae Anopheles sp.

42 Flora Fauna Study

Family-Culicidae Culex sp. Family-Syrphidae Eristalis sp Family-Limnoniidae Rhapidolabis sp. Family-Tabanidae Tabanus sp. Family-Muscidae Musca autumnialis Order-Hemiptera Family-Nepidae Nepa sp. Family-Nepidae Ranatra elongate Phyllum-Mollusca Group-Gastropoda Family-Viviparidae Vivipara bengalensis Family-Thiaridae Melania striatella tuberculata Family-Thiaridae Melania scabra Family-Lymnaeidae Lymnea lutiola Family-Planorbidae Indoplanorbis exustus Family-Pachilidae Faunus ater Group-Pelecypoda Family-Unionidae Lamellidens correanus Family-Unionidae Lamellidens margin Family-Unionidae Parreysia corrugata nagpoorensis

Ref: Lonkar et al. 2015. Assessment of trophic status of Ambazari Lake, Nagpur, India with emphasis to Macrozoobenthos as Bioindicator.Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2015, Vol. 3(1): 49- 54.

43 Flora Fauna Study

Potential threats to terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna: Schedule I & II Species: As per the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and its subsequent amendments, in the Indian context, Schedule I and II species require special conservation measures and attention for their survival. Presence of these species merely means that some of their habitat and survival requirement are presently being met from the surrounding areas. This however does not ensure their long-term survival. For their conservation, therefore, it is required to prepare their checklist, identify locations or potential habitats, identify short term and long-term impacts of project activities on them and suggest measures for minimizing such impacts that are detrimental to their survival and totally try to avoid activities that would have permanent impact on the survival of these species. Among the mammalian species of scheduled I & II of WPA 1972 includes Leopard, Jackal, Indian fox, Jungle cat, Civet cat and all of these are highly adaptable to their surroundings. The reptiles of these category mainly includes cobra, varanus, rat snake and checkered keelback while among inspects the Danaid eggfly and Crimson rose species of butterflies represent the category. There will be some short term impacts, during the initial expansion, however, no significant long term impacts are envisaged because of the following:  They are generalist as far as the habitat preferences are concerned and their habitat and resource requirement can be easily met from the existing surrounding  None of their critical habitats is being impacted as project has restricted to non-forestland in Phase I to avoid forest area. The existing project area is designated for mining and surrounded by other mining areas and no Pristine habitat is impacted due to the expansion of present project  Also no protected areas are being impacted as the nearest protected area is beyond 10 km  Impacts on key predators like Leopards are not likely because of their high adaptability and large home ranges. These species might move to nearby areas, during the disturbance and come back, once it settles.  Water is very critical component for species survival and there are seasonal

44 Flora Fauna Study

streams, which meet the Amb river downstream and also there is Makardhokra Water Reservoir to supplement the water need. The water requirement of the project is expected to be met from the mine discharged water. Also, no pollution related threats exist on the species as the effluent is treated through 100 KLD effluent treatment plan and the water is recycled.  Another likely impact especially the reptiles generally happens due to blasting and vibration. However, controlled non-el blasting proposed would ensure the attain PPV limits within 200 meters from the blasting zone, thereby no significant impacts on reptiles and birds are likely.  Since no additional infrastructure such as roads and other project activities outside the lease are envisaged, the project seems to have no significant impacts on the species of conservation concern. In addition, a robust control measures with adequate budget is proposed through Environment Management Plan, to ensure the management of likely impacts

45 In compliance of EAC directives, fresh baseline data for flora and fauna has been generated covering core and buffer zone (i.e. project area and 10 km radius around the same). During the study, In buffer area of the project, one specie namely Varanus bengalensis (Indian Monitor Lizard/ Ghorpad) has been observed, which is falling in Schedule I species under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. For protection and conservation of schedule I specie (Varanus bengalensis - Indian Monitor Lizard/ Ghorpad), a conservation plan has been prepared with a budgetary provision of Rs 8.00 lakhs. The conservation plan has been placed for approval from State Forest Department. The correspondences along with the conservation plan is enclosed herewith for ready reference.

for

Tehsil Umrer, District Nagpur (Maharashtra) (Umrer Area, WCL) Expansion in Production Capacity from 2.00 MTPA to 3.50 MTPA in ML area of 614.69 ha

November - 2020

Prepared by WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED 1

Type of Project Sl. No. Details of Project Benefits Benefits Increase in Green belt area (green cover over an area of 1 Environmental 162.26 ha), Mine water utilization for adjoining areas and Conservation of coal. Direct employment to eligible individuals besides creating 2 Social indirect employment opportunities. Various CSR activities in adjoining villages will help in improving social status. The project will contribute government through various 3 Financial taxes.

Topographically the study area encompassed by undulating terrain of flat ridges with fragments of natural vegetation, which is characterized by tropical dry deciduous forest type. The mean annual temperatures are recorded between 250c to 400c. Average annual precipitation is recorded from 800 to 1200 mm mostly during south west monsoon period. Generally, the soil is sandy loam but predominantly sandy brown at slopes of hilly terrain. 2

The project is bounded by Latitudes N 20°50'33” to 20°52'14" & Longitude E 79°14'7.8” to 79°16'24". The block is covered in the Survey of India Topo sheet No. 55 P/1 and 55 P/5. Nala No-2 (Shirpur nala) flowing in the eastern direction passing through the central part of the block is a seasonal nala and it ultimately discharges into the Amb river further east near Kanwa village outside the block. The Amb River meets the Wainganga River near its confluence with Kanhan River about 40 km ENE of the coalfield.

In the core zone, natural vegetation is degraded due to mining activities. The old OB dumps have a grassy slopes and discontinuous dry deciduous thickets of xerophytes. Plantations were carried out with prescribed species from concern forest department so that crown composition will be three tiered. The standard and acceptable norms for plantation is maximum 2500 plants per hectare in Plain mine site area/non dumps. The Plantation zones in the core area comprises mainly Bamboo, Peltaforum, Chakundi, Neem, Sisham, Arjun, Saja, Amla, Arjun, Sitaphal, Maharukh, Babul, Palas and few ornamental plants. There is a separate stack for conservation of top black soil in the Core Zone near the plantation site. There is also a proposed Nala diversion from the core zone.

In buffer zone, the forest occurs in small sporadic patches consist of open mixed vegetation of Tectona grandis (Sagwan) as dominant tree species in the South West and West part of the buffer zone. While Umrer Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary is in Eastern part of the study area at more than 10 km distance from core zone. The remaining area is used as farmland for cultivation by the villagers growing both traditional and commercial crop varieties. The toposheet plan for the Makardhokra I OC mine showing project boundary and buffer zone boundary (10 km) is placed below, which is also the study area of the aforesaid conservation plan.

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Common S. Scientific / Botanical Common RET IUCN English Family Name No Name /Hindi Name Status Status Name

1 Acacia ferruginea DC Safed Khair Kaiger Mimosacee - VU Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd 2 Babul Babul Leguminosae - LC ex Delile 3 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Akash neem Maharukh Simaroubac - - Azadirachta indica A. 4 Neem Neem Meliaceae - LC Juss. Bambusa arundinacea Baans / 5 Bamboo Poaceae - - (Retz.) Willd. Bamboo Ceasalpinac 6 Bauhinia racemosa Bidi leaf tree Katmauli - - eae Butea monosperma Flame of the 7 Palash Leguminosae - - (Lam.) Taub. forest Siamese 8 Cassia siamea Lam. Kashid Cesalpinaceae - LC Senna 9 Cordia obliqua Willd. Cordia tree Lasora Boraginaceae - - Diospyros melanoxylon 10 Ebony Tendu Ebenaceae - - Roxb. 11 Ficus hispida L. f. Fig Gobla Moraceae - LC Lagerstroemia parviflora 12 Crepe Flower Lendia Lythraceae - - Roxb. 13 Mangifera indica L Mango Aam Anacardiaceae - DD Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Wild date 14 khajur Arecaceae - - Roxb palm Terminalia arjuna 15 (Roxb.) Arjun Arjun Combretaceae - - Wight & Arn Ziziphus mauritiana 16 Indian plum Ber Rhamnaceae - - Lamk. 17 Tectona grandis L. Teak Saghvan Lamiaceae - - Herbs Prickly Chaff Chir chita / 1 Achyranthus aspera L. Amaranthaceae - - Flower aghada Alternanthera ficoidea 2 Joseph's coat Sanguina rea Amaranthaceae - - (L.) Sm. Blistering 3 Ammannia baccifera L. Aginbuti Lythraceae - LC Ammania Cajanus scarabaeoides Tropical 4 Bon kulatha Fabaceae - LC (L.) Thouars Clover, 5 Corchorus capsularis L White jute Jute Malvaceae - - Cynodon dactylon (L.) 6 Couch Grass Dobri Poaceae - - Pers. Cyrtococcum 7 oxyphyllum (Hochst. ex Grass Poaceae - - Steud.) Stapf 8 Euphorbia hirta L. Asthma Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiaceae - - Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) Dwarf 9 Vishnugranti Convolvulaceae - - L. Morning Glory Ring worm 10 Senna tora (L.) Roxb Panwar Fabaceae - - plant

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East Indian 11 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Asteraceae - LC globe Thistle Trichodesma zeylanicum 12 Camel bush Camel bush Boraginaceae - - (Burm.f.) R.Br Triumfetta rhomboideae 13 Burr Bush Bur bush Malvaceae - - Jacq. 14 Xanthium strumarium L Cocklebur Chota Dhatura Asteraceae - - Malvastrum 15 coromandelianum False mallow Kharenti Malvaceae - - (L.) Garcke Shrubs Menisperma 1 Cissampelos pareira L Velvet leaf Laghu patha - - ceae Hibiscus lobatus Lobed Leaf Lahan 2 Malvaceae - - (Murray) Kuntze Mallow Jaswand Hyptis suaveolens (L.) 3 Pignut American mint Lamiaceae - - Poit Bush morning Bush morning Convolvulac 4 Ipomoea carnea Jace - - glory Glory eae 5 Ixora parviflora Lam. Torch tree Vaasanti Rubiaceae - - 6 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Wild sage Lamiaceae - - Phyllanthus reticulates Black- Honey 7 Kambojini Phyllanthaceae - - L. Shrub Sorghum bicolor (L.) 8 Great millet Jowar Poaceae - LC Moench 9 Urena sinuata Linn. Burrmallow Bachita Malvaceae - - Climber Cocculus hirsutus (L.) 1 Farid bhuti Farid buti Menisperma - - Diels 2 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Kala dhana Neelkalmi Convolvulaceae - - Luffa acutangula (L.) 3 Karviturai Sponge guard Cucurbitaceae - - Roxb. Mucuna pruriens Baker 4 Buffalo Bean Kaunch Fabaceae - - non DC 5 Opilia amentacea Roxb. Karabadalia Opiliaceae - - 6 Bryonia laciniosa L Shivlinga Cucurbitaceae - - Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

Table 2: List of Natural Vegetation in Buffer Zone

Scientific/Botanical English Common/ REET IUCN S. No Family Name Name Name Hindi name Status Status Trees 1 Acacia ferruginea DC Safed Khair Kaiger Mimosacee - VU Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild ex 2 Babul Babul Leguminosae - LC Delile Aegle marmelos (L.) 3 Bael Bael Rutaceae - - Corrêa 4 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Maharukh Maharukh Simaroubaceae - - Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) 5 Kala sirish Bilwara Fabaceae - LC Benth. 6 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Neem Meliaceae - LC Bambusa arundinacea 7 Baans Bamboo Poaceae - - (Retz.) Willd. 8 Bauhinia racemosa Bidi leaf tree Katmauli Ceasalpinaceae - - Butea monosperma Palash, 9 Polash Leguminosae - - (Lam.) Taub. Dhak 10 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasod tree Siamese Senna Cesalpinaceae - LC 11 Cordia obliqua Willd. Cordia tree Lasora Boraginaceae - -

7

Diospyros melanoxylon 12 Ebony Tendu patta Ebenaceae - - Roxb. Corky Cora l 13 Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Pangra Fabaceae - - Tr Anjeer / 14 Ficus hispida L. f. Gobla Moraceae - LC kharbatti Gymnosporia wallichian a 15 Henkal Hekal Celastraceae - - Spreng. ex Wight & Arn. Lendia / 16 Lagerstroemia parviflora Crepe Flower Lythraceae - - Jarul 17 Madhuca longifolia var. Mahua Gur / Mahu Sapotaceae - - 18 Mangifera indica L Mango Aam, amba Anacardiaceae - DD Mitragyna parvifolia 19 Karam Kadamb Rubiaceae - - (Roxb.) Moringa concanensis Wild drum Jangli 20 Moringaceae - - Nimmo ex Dalz. & Gibs stick Shevga Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Wild date 21 Khajur Arecaceae - - Roxb palm Pongamia pinnata Pongam oil 22 Karanj Fabaceae - LC (L.)Pierre tree 23 Tectona grandis L. Teak Saghvan Lamiaceae - - Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) 24 Arjun Arjun Combretaceae - - Wight & Arn 25 Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Indian plum Ber/ Chani Rhamnaceae - - Climber Shivalingi, 1 Bryonia laciniosa L; Shivlinga Cucurbitaceae - - Manjri Cocculus hirsutus (L.) 2 Farid bhuti Farid buti Menispermaceae - - Diels Kantaalu, 3 Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Five Leaf Yam Dioscoreaceae - - Suran 4 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Kala dhana Neelkalmi Convolvulaceae - - Luffa acutangula (L.) 5 Karviturai SDodka,Turai Cucurbitaceae - - Roxb. Mucuna pruriens Baker 6 Buffalo Bean Kaunch Fabaceae - - non DC 7 Opilia amentacea Roxb. Karabadalia Opiliaceae - - Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Malabar 8 Giloy, Gulvel Menispermaceae - - Merr. Gulbel Wattakaka volubilis (L.f) 9 Sneeze Wort Dugdhivel Apocynaceae - - Stap f Herbs 1 Achyranthus aspera L. Chir chita Chirchita Amaranthaceae - - Alternanthera ficoidea ( 2 Joseph's coat Sanguinarea Amaranthaceae - - L.) Sm. Blistering 3 Ammannia baccifera L. Aginbuti Lythraceae - LC Ammania Blumea axillaris (Lam.) 4 Blumea Not available Asteraceae - - DC. Cajanus scarabaeoides Tropical Bon kulatha, 5 Fabaceae - LC (L.) Thouars Clover, Ran tur 6 Corchorus capsularis L White jute Jute Malvaceae - - Cynodon dactylon (L.) 7 Couch Grass Dobri, Durva Poaceae - - Pers. Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum 8 Grass Poaceae - - (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf Desmodium gangeticum Sal Leaved 9 Dhruva Fabaceae - - (L.)DC. De smodium 10 Euphorbia hirta L. Asthma Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiaceae - - Dwarf 11 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L visnukanta Convolvulaceae - - Morning Glory 8

Lepidagathis cristata Crested 12 Bukhar jadi Acanthaceae - - Willd. Lepidagath is Malvastrum 13 coromandelianum Clock plant Kharenti Malvaceae - - (L.)Garcke Pentanema indicum (L.) 14 Bichhloo Sonkadi Asteraceae - - Place. Randia dumetorum (Retz.) 15 Emetic nut Madanaphal Rubiaceae - - Lam. 16 Senna tora (L.) Roxb Panwar Pawad Fabaceae - - 17 Sida acuta L. Wire herb Baraira Malvaceae - - Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Long stalked 18 Bhuiini Malvaceae - - Borss. sida East Indian 19 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Asteraceae - LC globe thistle Tephrosia purpurea (L.) 20 Sharpunka Sharpunka Fabaceae - - Pers Trichodesma zeylanicum 21 Camel bush Camel bush Boraginaceae - - (Burm.f.) R.Br Triumfetta 22 Burr Bush, Bur bush Malvaceae - - rhomboideaeJacq. Chota 23 Xanthium strumarium L Cocklebur Asteraceae - - Dhatura Shrubs Antidesma ghaesembilla 1 Kadamb Binayuyo Phyllanthaceae - LC Gaertn 2 Canthium parviflorum Lam Kadbar Kadbar Rubiaceae - - 3 Celastrus paniculatus Wild black oil plant malkangni Celastraceae - - 4 Cissampelos pareira L velvetleaf Laghu patha Menispermaceae - - Flacourtia indica (Burm. 5 Indian plum Ramontchi Salicaceae - LC f.) Merr. Gummy cape 6 Gardenia gummifera L.f Kikemali Rubiaceae - LC jasmine Hibiscus lobatus (Murray) Lobed Leaf 7 Lahan Jaswand Malvaceae - - Kuntze Mallow Hyptis suaveolens (L.) American 8 Vilaiti Tulas Lamiaceae - - Poit mint Bush morning Bush morning 9 Ipomoea carnea Jace Convolvulaceae - - glory Glory 10 Ixora parviflora Lam. Torch tree Vaasanti Rubiaceae - - 11 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Raimuniya Lamiaceae - - 12 Phyllanthus reticulates L. Black- Honey Kambojini Phyllanthaceae - - Phyllanthus reticulatus 13 Panjuli Panjuli Phyllanthac - - Poir. 14 Urena sinuata Linn. Burrmallow Bachita Malvaceae - - 15 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Jackle jujube Makora Rhamnaceae - - Source: Field survey, Working Plan, Nagpur Forest Division /Interaction with Forest Department and local people

9

GRASS LANDS

No prominent grass land ecosystem was found in the study area. However, a few patches of grass lands were found mixed with natural vegetation, borders of agricultural land and at forest patches in low lands. They were also found occurring at cultivable waste lands which are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock species. The grassland species of the study area are presented the table below. Table 3: List of Grasslands in Core Zone

English Common Name of REET IUCN S.No. Botanical name name /Hindi name class/Family Status Status Mauration 1 Apluda mutica L. Tachula Poaceae - - grass Aristida setacea Broom 2 - Poaceae - Retz. grass Bermuda 3 Cynodon dactylon L. Dhup grass Poaceae - - grass Eragrostis amabilis 4 Love grass Bunchgrass Poaceae - - (L.) Wight & Arn Iseilema Flinders 5 prostratum (L.) Mushan Poaceae - - grass Andersson Couch 6 Panicum repens L. Bansi Poaceae - LC Panicum Parthenium Santa- Congress- 7 Asteraceae - - hysterophorus L. Maria ghas

Table 4: List of Grasslands in Buffer Zone English Common Name of REET IUCN S.No. Botanical name name /Hindi name class/Family Status Status Mauration 1 Apluda mutica L. Tachula Poaceae - - grass Broom 2 Aristida setacea Retz. - Poaceae - - grass Bermuda 3 Cynodon dactylon L. Dhupgrass Poaceae - - grass Eragrostis amabilis (L.) 4 Love grass Bunchgrass Poaceae - - Wight &Arn. Iseilema prostratum (L.) Flinders 5 Mushan Poaceae - - Andersson grass Heteropogon contortus (L.) Spear grass, 6 Kher Poaceae - - P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. Imperata cylindrica(L.) Cogon 7 - Poaceae - LC Raeusch grass Couch 8 Panicum repens L. Bansi Poaceae - LC Panicum Parthenium Bitter Gajar ghas / 9 Asteraceae - - hysterophorus L. weed congress ghas Giant 10 Setaria faberi R.A.W. - Poaceae - - Foxtail. Source: Field survey, Interaction with Forest Department and local people

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Amb River flows through the buffer zone. Aquatic Flora present are listed in table below.

Table 5: List of Aquatic flora in the Core zone Common Name of REET IUCN S.No. Botanical name English name /Hindi class/Family Status Status name 1 Cyperus articulates Jointed flat Cyperaceae - LC Linn sedge 2 Cyperus Nagarmotha Cyperaceae - LC corymbosus Rottb. 3 Marsilea quadrifolia Four leaved Caupatiya Marsiliaceae - LC L. clover 4 Monochoria Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae - LC vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl 5 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Jalapippali Bukkan Verbenaceae - LC Grene 6 Typha domingensis Southern Patera Typhaceae - LC Pers. cattail

Table 6: List of Aquatic flora in the buffer zone

Common Name of REET IUCN S.No. Botanical name English name /Hindi name class/Family Status Status Colocasia esculenta - 1 Taro Arvi, Kachalu Araceae LC (L.) Schott Cyperus articulates Jointed flat - 2 - Cyperaceae LC Linn sedge Cyperus corymbosus - 3 Nagar motha Cyperaceae LC Rottb. Eichhornia crassipes Jal Khumbi. - 4 Water hyacinth Pontedraceae - (Mart.) Solms Kendal Hygrophila ringens - 5 Wild hygrophila Acanthaceae - (L.) R. Br. ex Spreng. Ipomoea aquatic Water Morning - 6 Nali Convolvulaceae LC Forssk. Glory Limnanthemum - 7 cristatum (Roxb.) Floating heart Sui Menyanthaceae - Griseb. 11

Four leaved - 8 Marsilea quadrifolia Caupatiya Marsiliaceae LC clover Monochoria vaginalis - 9 Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae LC (Burm.f.) C.Presl Nymphaea nouchali - 10 Water lily Neelkamal Nymphaeaceae LC Burm f Phyla nodiflora (L.) - 11 Jalapippali Bukkan Verbenaceae LC Grene 12 Typha domingensis southern cattail Patera Typhaceae - LC The study of aquatic flora revealed common species and no rare and endangered floral species reported during the study from the core and buffer zone.

TERRESTRIAL FAUNA

Table No. 7: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Core Zone

Sl. Common / WPA, 1972 IUCN Scientific Name English Name No. Hindi Name Status status Mammal Bandicota 1 Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC bengalensis Funambulus 2 3 Stripped Palm squirrel Gilahari IV LC pennant 3 Herpestes edwardsi Indian Grey Mongoose Nevlaa II LC 4 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Bandar II LC 5 Mus booduga Indian Field Mouse Chuha V LC 6 Rattus rattus Common House Rat Chuha V LC Birds 1 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Myna IV LC 3 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC 4 Corvus splendens House Crow Kauva V LC 5 Centropus sinensis Crow pheasant Couckoo IV LC 6 Columbia livia Pigeon Kabutar - LC 7 Egretta garzetta Little egret Kilchia Bagla IV LC 8 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin Robin IV LC

Motacilla 9 Large Pied Wagtail Dhobi IV LC maderaspatensis

10 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird Shinjir IV LC

Vatvatya, 11 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler IV LC Bhordya Orthotomus 12 Tailor Bird Shimpi IV LC sutorius Eudynamys 13 Koel Koyal IV LC scolopacea 14 Passer domesticus House sparrow Gauriyya - LC 15 Psittacula krameri Rose ringed parakeet Tota - LC 16 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented bulbul Bulbul IV LC Reptile Bungamus Sanmp, 1 Common Krait IV - caeruleus Manyar 12

Girgit,+ 2 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard - - sarada 3 Enhydris enhydris Smooth water snake Kidka sap - LC 4 Hemidactylus sp. House lizard Chipkali - LC 5 Naja Naja Cobra Nag II DD 6 Natrix piscator Common water snake Sanmp IV - 7 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Dhaman IV - Amphibian Medhak, 1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad - LC Beduk Euphlyctis 2 Common frog Medhak - LC hexadactyla 3 Rana hexadactyla Green pond frog Medhak - - 4 Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Medhak - LC Insects Vyaadh- 1 Anisoptera Dragon flies - - Patang 2 Antheria mylita Moth Phulpakharu IV 3 Bacillus rossii Grasshopper Tidda IV Butterflies Catopsilia Pomona IV 1 Common Emigrant Titli (Fabricius) Tirumala limniace 2 Blue Tiger Titli IV leopardus (Butler)

Table No. 8: List of Terrestrial Fauna in the Buffer Zone

Sl. Common / Hindi WPA, 1992 IUCN Scientific Name English Name No. Name Status status Mammal Bandicota 1 Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC bengalensis Boselaphus 2 Blue bull Nilgai III LC tragocamelus 3 Canis aureus Jackal Kolha II LC 4 Felis chaus Jungle Cat Jangli Billi II LC Funambulus 3 Strip Palm 5 Gilahari, Khar IV LC pennanti squirrel Common 6 Herpestes edwardsi Nevlaa, Mangoose II LC Mongoose 7 Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Khargosh, Sasa IV LC 8 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Bandar, Makad II LC Indian Field 9 Mus booduga Chuha, Ghoos V LC Mouse Common House 10 Rattus rattus Chuha, Undir V LC Rat 11 Semnopithecus Hanuman Langur Vanar, Makad II LC 12 Viverra indica Civet cat Ud-manjar II 13 Vulpus bengalensis Indian Fox Khokad II 14 Sus scrofa Wild pig Ran dukkar III Birds 1 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Myna IV LC Common 2 Alcedo atthis Ramchiraya IV LC kingfisher 13

Amandava 3 Red Avadavat Laal munia - LC amandava Green-winged 4 Anas carolinensis IV Teal 5 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Gungla IV LC Bar-headed 6 Anser indicus Kareyee hans IV LC Goose 7 Ardea alba Great Egret Tar bagala IV LC Indian pond 8 Ardeola grayii Andha bagula IV LC heron 9 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC Bhardwaj, Kumbhar 10 Centropus sinensis Greater coucal IV LC kukda Charadrius 11 Kentish Plover IV LC alexandrinus Little Ringed 12 Charadrius dubius Zirrea IV LC Plover 13 Columba livia Pigeon Kabutar - LC 14 Corvus splendens House Crow Kauva V LC Dinopium 15 Wood pecker Sutar IV LC benghalense 16 Egretta garzetta Little egret Kilchia Bagla IV LC Emberiza Black-headed 17 IV LC melanocephala Bunting Eudynamys 18 Koel Koyal IV LC scolopacea 19 Francolinus pictus Painted partridge Kala teetar IV LC Himantopus Black-winged 20 Gaz paon IV LC himantopus Stilt Wire-tailed 21 Hirundo smithii Leishra, Pakoli - LC Swallow 22 Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant Jograbi IV LC 23 Milvus migrans Black kite Cheel, Ghar - LC 24 Passer domesticus House sparrow Gauriyya, Chimni - LC 25 Pastor roseus Rosy Starling Tilyer IV LC Phalacrocorax 26 Indian Cormorant Ghogur - LC fuscicollis Psittacula Plum-headed 27 Tuinya tota IV LC cyanocephala Parakeet Rose ringed 28 Psittacula krameri Tota - LC parakeet 29 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul IV LC Spilopelia 30 Laughing Dove IV LC senegalensis Streptopelia 31 Spotted Dove Kabutar IV - chinensis Asian pied 32 Sturnus contra Maina IV - starling 33 Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Chakwa IV LC 34 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler Gaigai, Bhordya - LC Red-wattled 35 Vanellus indicus Titeeri, Titwi IV LC lapwing 36 Ocyceros birostris Grey Hornbill Dhanchiri III LC

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Sl. Common / Hindi WPA, 1972 Scientific Name English Name IUCN status No. Name Status Reptiles 1 Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait Manyar Sanmp III 2 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Girgit, Sarada - - Checkered 3 Xenochrophis piscator Kidka Sanmp -II LC keelback 4 Hemidactylus sp. House lizard Chipkali, Pal - LC 5 Naja Naja Cobra Nag II DD Green vine -Oxybelis 6 Oxybelis fulgidus Hirantol IV snake fulgidus 7 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Dhaman II - 8 Varanus bengalensis Monitor lizard Ghorpad I (Part II) - 9 Daboia russeli Russel’s viper Ghonus Sanmp II LC Amphibian 1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad Medhak, Beduk - LC Euphlyctis 2 Common frog Medhak - LC hexadactyla 3 Rana hexadactyla Green pond frog Medhak - - 4 Rana tigrina Indian bull frog Medhak - LC Insects 1 Anisoptera Dragon flies Vyaadh-Patang - - 2 Antheria mylita Moth Phulpakharu IV - 3 Bacillus rossii Grasshopper Tidda IV - Butterflies Catopsilia Pomona Common 1 Titli IV - (Fabricius) Emigrant Tirumala limniace 2 Blue Tiger Titli IV - leopardus (Butler)

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem and provides stability to different natural processes like rainfall (transpiration from plant), changing of temperature (heat evolution by animals), fertility of soil (making of manure by earthworm). The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.

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An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters like (landslides, increase in temperature above optimum temperature, acid rain). Wildlife is part of nature which maintain equally distribution of food instead of over use of food by one human.

Wildlife management is the application of scientific knowledge and technical skills to protect, conserve, limit, enhance, or create wildlife habitat. Wildlife management also includes implementing laws regulating the use, kinds, and amounts of wildlife, people can harvest. Laws that protect existing habitat are also wildlife management tools.

Biological evolution on earth is associated with extinction of older species and descent of new species but the disappearance of species from the surface of the earth has speeded up 1000 to 10,000 times as compared to the natural disappearance, due to destructive activities of man. Important reasons for decline of wildlife are:

• Habitat loss and degradation, along with behaviours like overhunting, • Hunting and poaching, • Man-animal conflict, • Pollution

16

Taxonomical Classification of Indian monitor lizard (International, 2016) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Family: Varanidae Genus: Varanus Subgenus: Empagusia Species: V. bengalensis

Bengal monitors or common Indian monitors (Varanus bengalensis) occur across much of southern Asia. Compared to other varanid lizards, Bengal monitors have a much larger geographic range, where they are considered less restricted both geographically and environmentally. This species is widely distributed from Afghanistan to Java, including south- eastern Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, southern Nepal, Bhutan, and China,

17

North and South Vietnam, Laos, and islands in the Strait of Malacca and the Greater Sunda Islands. (Auffenberg, 1994; Pianka, 1995)

Adult Bengal monitors are generally grey or greenish-grey in color, with a ventral pattern of grey to black crossbars from the chin to the tail. These markings are generally darkest in the western parts and lightest in the eastern parts of the geographic range. These ventral markings typically become lighter, and the ground color darker, with age. Thus, adults display a less pronounced, less contrasting pattern than younger Bengal monitors.

In the wild, the heaviest recorded male Bengal monitor weighed 7.18 kg, though captive individuals have been reported to reach 10.2 kg. In the wild, males generally weigh 42% more than females. Males of the same snout to vent length (SVL) as females are typically 9.2% heavier. Young Bengal monitors, on average, weigh 0.078 kg. (Auffenberg, 1994)

In the wild, Bengal monitors are almost completely solitary. Much of the daytime is spent in constant movement, searching for food. Bengal monitor are more likely to interact with one another during the peak breading season, when males compete for mates. (Auffenberg, 1994). There are no noted negative impacts of Varanus bengalensis on humans. Bengal monitors are not large enough to attack any livestock nor do they eat any human cultivated crops. They may eat any small mammals that they can easily catch.

The diet of Bengal monitors is almost strictly carnivorous. They consume almost anything that is smaller than themselves and that they can easily overpower. They are known to scavenge carcasses of previously felled animals. Their documented observed prey species list is considerable, containing roughly 200 species. Common prey includes: annelids, insects, amphibians, smaller reptiles, birds, small mammals, and eggs. Cannibalism of eggs, hatchlings, 18 and even adults has been noted, although predation on adults is rare. As with most varanids, they swallow prey whole but are also capable of ripping and tearing flesh from larger animals and carcasses. At smaller body sizes for Bengal monitors, various beetles species represent the largest portion of their diet, averaging 52.8%. The second largest component of their diet is made up of orthopteran insects at 9.5%. The remainder of their diet is made up of other insects, crabs, rodents, reptiles, spiders, birds and almost any other animal they can reasonably consume. (Auffenberg, 1994). Primary Diet of carnivore eats terrestrial vertebrate’s insectivore eats non-insect arthropods scavenger. Animal Foods birds’ mammals’ amphibians’ reptiles’ carrion insect’s terrestrial non-insect arthropods.

According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Varanus bengalensis is a species of Least Concern. This is based on its wide geographic range. However, there are increasing pressures on the species. They are hunted for their meat, skins, and for use in medicine. Due to expanding human habitation and urbanization, the range threats to their population are likely to increase in the future. (Papenfuss, et al., 2010).

OBJECTIVES OF THE SPECIES RECOVERY ACTION PLAN i. To augment the populations of Indian Monitor Lizard to a minimum viable population in order to remove these species from the list of Endangered Species; ii. To improve the habitat range of the Indian Monitor Lizard iii. To facilitate a participatory approach towards conservation of Indian Monitor Lizard

STEPS INVOLVED IN CONSERVATION PROGRAMME: i. Conservation by Awareness; ii. Conservation by Protection; and iii. Conservation by Database

Identification & development of habitats / landscape of Indian monitor Lizard

A scheme of incentive will be provided to farmers to undertake cropping pattern of less intensive and more traditional practices. Land sharing or wildlife friendly farming considers the incorporation of food production and biodiversity conservation on the same land. Land sparing suggests allotting a part of land for biodiversity conservation in the agricultural ecosystem while high yield farming is carried out in the cultivated land,

19 making it beneficial for farmers and conserving biodiversity. Encouragement of Organic farming to reduce pesticide and insecticide usage around these areas. Public awareness campaigns to be held with the local communities and custodians of private grasslands in these areas. Atleast 01 programme will be done in each identified village every year. Alternate sources of livelihood will be provided to the local communities so as to prevent them from hunting these Indian Monitor lizard or stealing their eggs. Litter burning will be discouraged strictly. Litter burning practices destruct Indian monitor lizard feeding and breeding habitat. Plantation Program: Plantation will be carried out with local native species in project area.

20

Plantation in association with Chief Wildlife Warden

21

ADS – 7 : PP shall clarify why CER is not applicable though the proposal is for expansion from 2 MTPA to 3.5 MTPA, there must be additional capital invest for the project.

Submission / status of compliance : In this, reference is drawn towards the Office Memorandum (O.M.) dated 1st May, 2018 regarding CER. As per the aforesaid O.M. the fund allocation for CER is based on the percent capital investment in case of green field project and percent of the additional capital investment in case of brownfield project.

The subject project is a brownfield project where in expansion in production capacity is envisaged without any increase in land area as well as any additional capital.

The Mining plan has been prepared accordingly and approval of WCL Board has been secured for the same which is quoted as below:-

Quote : …” The Board, after deliberation, accorded approval for Mining Plan of Makardhokra - I expansion OC mine (Phase - I & II) for a targeted capacity of 3.5 MTPA and total land area of 660.02 ha without any capital investment…….” :unquote A copy of the same is placed below for ready reference

As per approved mining plan, there is no additional capital is involved. There is no additional land required. Enhanced production will be achieved through existing infrastructure & HEMM by deployment of Hiring of Equipment (it is total HoE). As such no. provision of CER was made.

In this regard, further reference is drawn towards the latest Office Memorandum (O.M.) vide F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 30th September, 2020 of MOEF & CC regarding “Deliberation on the commitments made by project proponent and requirements to address the concerned raised during the public consultation and prescribe as specific conditions while recommending the proposal, for prior environment clearance, in physical terms in lieu of Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER), regarding” . The same is placed below for ready reference.

From the above O.M., it is very clear that henceforth, the provision of CER is not mandatory/ binding on the PP. Instead of specific fund allocation under CER, PP needs to undertake compliance of the issues raised during Public Hearing and the commitment made during the Public Hearing is to be incorporated as a part of EIA/EMP. In the instant case, the compliance of issues raised during Public Hearing along-with financial provisions and time line have been made a part of the EIA/EMP submitted to MoEF&CC. Hence the issue raised in the EAC has been duly complied with. ADS – 8 : Permission for diversion is required from concerned authority for Butibori- Kanwa PWD road which is passing in between proposed dip side quarry surface and external dump.

Submission / status of compliance : The matter of diversion of PWD road is already taken up with PWD Authorities, correspondence was done vide letter no. WCL/UA/SO(C)/2020/316 dated 24/06/20. Public Works Department have submitted their estimate dated 23/07/2020 for Constructions and Diversion of said road, which is under scrutiny. The work will be executed by PWD on deposit basis. The OB dumping on proposed area / external dump will start from 3rd year and the road will be diverted before actual dumping scheduled with due permission from the state authority.

ADS – 9 : PP shall carry out hydro- geological investigations as regards the quality and quantity of water. Impact of mining activity on aquifers and water table considering the project is located near the Makardhokra Reservoir shall also be studied.

Submission / status of compliance : Hydro-geological investigations as regards the quality: Groundwater quality (mainly from phreatic aquifers) in the surrounding area of Makardhokra-I Expn. OC mine area (at Makardhokra Busstand, Makardhokra-Paradgaon Rd, Walsakra and Umrer) has been monitored by WCL through CMPDI,RI-IV, Nagpur and the results (2018-19) is given in Section 3.6.5 of Chapter 3 of EIA report, which indicate that groundwater quality in the area is potable. Generally, the water quality is slightly alkaline in nature with pH value of 7.9 - 8.4 and is of potable quality with low to medium concentration of ‘Total Dissolved Solids’ (TDS) varying from 296–776 mg/l which is within the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l (Standard ( IS : 10500 : 2012)). The Fluoride content ranges between 0.47–0.62 mg/l which falls within desirable limit of 1.0 mg/l and Nitrates ranges from 4.94 -35 mg/l which is also within the desirable limit of 45 mg/l.  Hydro-geological investigations as regards the quantity:  The quantitative evaluation of ground water resource is a pre-requisite for an effective management and development of ground water potential in any area. Detailed study for Ground Water Resource Estimation for the Buffer zone (10 Km radius Area) of Makardhokra-I Expn. OC mine has been done by using latest GEC-2015 guidelines. Details of the study is given in Section 3.6.4 of Chapter 3 of EIA report. Summary of the study is given table below. Ground Water Resource in the Area (Buffer Zone) Sl No Description of items Details 1 Net Groundwater Availability (M m3) 20.45

2 Annual Gross Groundwater Draft (M m3) 3.48 Balance Available Annual Groundwater for future 3 16.97 development (M m3) 4 Stage of Groundwater Extraction 17.02 %

5 Safe zone Upto 70%

6 Category Safe

The present stage of ground water extraction in and around the project area is 17.02 % which can be categorized as safe area. Moreover, as per Block Wise Ground Water Resource Assessment-2017 by Central Ground Water Board, Published in January 2020, Umrer Tehsil fall in “safe Category” in which Makardhokra-I Expn. OC mine is situated. So, there is further scope of ground water development/extraction.  Monitoring of ground water level has been carried out as precautionary measures for last 15 years in Umrer Coalfield area. Based on long term water level data, hydrographs of different villages has been prepared and presented below, also shown in Section 3.6.3 of Chapter 3 of EIA report.

Fig.1: Hydrograph of observation well at Makardhokra Bazar

Fig.2: Hydrograph of Observation Well at Kanwa Village

The hydrograph of well U-10 at Makardhokra Bazar shows increasing water level trends for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods and the hydrograph of well U-30 situated at Kanhwa village shows more or less steady water level trend during pre-monsoon period and increasing water level trend during post-monsoon period which indicate that periodically recharge and withdrawal of ground water in this area are more or less in balance.

 Impact of mining activity on aquifers and water table: Assessment of impact of mining activity on aquifer and water table has been done and presented in Section 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 of Chapter 4 of EIA report. Prediction of Mine Inflow The opencast mine acts as large diameter well/sink resulted by cutting /extraction of different aquifer zones/formations overlying the working coal seams. As soon as depression / pit is created due to mine cut, the initial discharge is generally heavy due to concentration of flow to that region, thereby creating depletion/draw-down in water levels in the surrounding area and the inflow stabilizes due to partial desaturation over the period of progressive mining. The ground water inflow (mine inflow) is directly proportional to the potentiality of the aquifers present above the working coal seams, mine area and depth.

Based on the Darcy’s law (i.e. Q= KIA, where ‘Q’ is discharge/Mine inflow, ‘K’ is hydraulic conductivity, ‘I’ is hydraulic gradient and ‘A’ is Area of cross section/seepage area), the groundwater inflow for Makardhokra-I Expn. OC Mine has been predicted to the tune of 6752 m3/day. Hence pumping out of groundwater (because of the puncturing of the aquifers) would be inevitable and is necessary for the safe mining operation.

Estimation of Radius of Influence:

Due to gravity drainage of ground water, cone of depression would be formed. The shape and extent of the cone would depend on mainly hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer in the mining area, mine depth. Generally steep drawdown cone would be formed in poor potential aquifer (less transmissive) thereby the influence area is to small distance and reverse is established in respect of aquifers with high hydraulic conductivity.

The radius of influence for Makardhokra-I Expn. OC Mine is estimated by using Sichardt’s formula as follows

R = C*(h-hw)*k)

Where, R- Radius of influence (m), C=3000 (Constant), (h-hw) – drawdown (40 m) and K-Hydraulic Conductivity (0.0030417 m/sec).

The radius of mine influence area has been estimated for Makardhokra-I Expn. OC Mine based on the above mentioned aquifer and mine parameters and works out to around 370 m at final mine depth of 140 m.

 Impact of mining activity on Makardhokra Reservoir: The probable zone of influence of mining and dewatering of the aquifers has been estimated for this mine is about 370 m form bottom of the unconfined/semi-confined aquifers. When the cone of depression (probable zone of influence) intersects the reservoir, a hydraulic gradient develops between the ground water in the aquifer and the water level in the reservoir. If the reservoir bed is hydraulic connected with the aquifer, reservoir water will move towards mine through the aquifers under the influence of hydraulic gradient.

For the case of Makardhokra-I Expn. OC mine, the cone of depression (probable zone of influence) is only 370 m and the minimum distance between the Makardhokra-I Expn. OC quarry and Makardhokra Reservoir is about 2.30 km (Shown in figure below). So, there is hardly any chance of intersect of radius of mine influence zone and Makardhokra reservoir.

Figure-3: Showing location of Makardhokra-I Expn. OC and Makardhokra Reservoir Now, water table contour map for post-monsoon period of buffer zone has been prepared and presented in figure below. The water table contour map reveal that the regional ground water movement is from the Western to North-Eastern i.e. towards the mine then ultimately towards the Amb River.

Figure-4: showing post-monsoon water table contour in buffer zone of Makardhokra-I Expn OC mine

The movement of the ground water through unconfined aquifers mainly depends on the hydraulic gradient and hydraulic properties of aquifers present between Reservoir and Mine working. In earlier figure-3, it has been shown that the minimum distance between the Makardhokra-I Expn. OC and Makardhokra Reservoir is 2.30 km and in between lies Makardhokra-IV Geological Block. The hydrogeological regime has been projected from the Geological and Hydrogeological data which may represent the existing hydrogeological set-up in between Makardhokra-I Expn. OC and the Reservoir. Geological cross section of Combined Block (Makardhokra-I & IV) along with aquifer disposition and a schematic diagram have been prepared and shown in figures below.

Figure-5: Showing Geological cross section of combined Block

Fig-6: Schematic diagram showing prevailing hydrogeological regime in the area The aquifer system in the area mainly consisting of five types of different geological formations which are Soil, Deccan Trap, Lameta, Kamthi and Coal bearing Barakar formation. If there develops any hydraulic gradient between reservoir water level and water table of surrounding aquifers then the movement of ground water will take place through shallow unconfined aquifer only considering the maximum depth of the reservoir is 40-50m. The shallow unconfined aquifers in this area is mainly consisting of black cotton soil / detrital mantle, hard basalt of Deccan traps and Lameta formation. Weathered/fractured Basalt are known to be poor potential aquifer, below hard and massive basalt, hard cherty, clayey and calcareous sandstones of Lameta formation is present and it substantially reduces the potentiality of the shallow aquifer (average depth is around 40-50 m). Moreover, the presence of Lameta formation also reduces the ground water recharge of underlying Kamthi and Barakar aquifers also.

As, there is presence of hard massive basalt of Deccan Trap and cherty Lameta formation (both are poor potential aquifer) in between the Reservoir and Mine working, there will be restriction of groundwater movement through these aquifers. Hence, there will be hardly any chance of getting affected the Makardhokra Reservoir due to mining activity which is 2.3 km apart from final mine workings of Makardhokra-I Expn. OC Mine.

ADS – 10 : PP shall implement separate ETP for the proposed project for HEMM deployed though their maintenance will be Contractor’s responsibilities.

Submission / status of compliance : Project does have an ETP of capacity 100 KLD which is in operation. The details of the ETP has been given in Section 4.3.2 of Chapter – IV of EIA report.

ADS – 11 : PP shall provide necessary mitigation measures as maximum Air quality data of PM10 and PM2.5 is almost close to 100 and 60 respectively at almost all the sites.

Submission / status of compliance : Noted, in this regard it is submitted that the mitigation measures for control of air pollution (existing as well as proposed) as given in the EIA-EMP are reproduced below:-

Mitigation Measures

Particular/ Magnitude of Present Control Measures Location air pollution

Drilling Dust generation Drilling is carried out with drill fitted with dust extractors

Presently controlled blasting is carried out in High Dust Makardhokra – I OC. Controlled blasting techniques generation with use of delay detonators are practiced during day Blasting (Impact lasts for time to control of ground vibration and to arrest the fly short period) rock.

Blasting face is kept moist before blasting to reduce dust generation due to blasting.

The persons exposed to dusty area is provided with protective gears like dust masks with goggles which is also a statutory requirement. As per statute all Loading of Particulate personnel working in mines is given training and material emission retraining for safety aspects as being done presently in other operating mines of the company.Material is wetted with Fixed sprinklers installed at transfer points.

20 Nos. of fixed sprinklers have been installed along the weigh bridge and approach road.

In addition, water spraying on haul road is being carried out by 01 no of mobile water sprinklers of 28 KL and 03 nos. of 20 KL mobile water sprinklers. Rs 18. 76 lakh has been spent on mobile water sprinkler. Dust potential Transportation Expenditure of Rs 55.46 lakh has been incurred to provide tyre wash system at security check post. Tyre wash system has been installed to reduce emission from movement of vehicles.

44 Nos. of fixed sprinklers have been provided at Wharf Wall. Total 30.89 lakh has been spent for installation of fixed type water sprinklers.

In case the air quality monitoring indicates increase in pollution level, additional fixed sprinklers and mobile water sprinklers will be provided by the project proponent.

Fixed Sprinklers at Coal Stock Yard

Fixed Sprinklers at Coal Transportation Road

Automatic Sensor based full body truck washing system

Automatic Sensor based full body truck washing system for mines of Umrer Area is installed in June, 2018 and in operation.

Automatic Sensor based full body truck washing system

Mobile water sprinkler of 28 KL capacity

All these measures will continue to be operated and maintained throughout the mine life.

Provision of additional control measures in enhanced scenario

1. To fulfil future requirements/ upgradation of Env. mitigative measures provision of Rs. 45.0 Lakhs is done from balance Capital Provision of Makardhokra-I OC as envisaged in Project Report 2014.

2. 2 nos of additional mobile water sprinkler will be available to Makardhokra – I Expn. OC after exhaustion of Umrer OC.

In this regard, it further mentioned that the recorded level of pollutant in the ambient air at a particular location is a “combined capture” of all contributing sources. In case of locations near the mine, in addition to mining pollution other sources e.g. road traffic, other industries also contribute significantly towards pollution. This fact has been established while analyzing the environmental monitoring data of April - May 2020 and simultaneously comparing values of April - May 2019.

As we are aware that during April- May 2020, there was complete lockdown throughout the country but during this period mining operations were in full swing as it is under essential services act.

The data in respect of Shirpur Village and Kanwa Village has been considered as these two stations are closest to the mine, these are regularly monitored and also monitored during baseline which showed values close to 100 in case of PM10. The detailed analysis is placed below:-

350 AAQ- SHIRPUR(V)-BUFFER ZONE- APRIL'2019 & 2020

300

250 3 200 April 150 2019* April µg/m 100 2020*

50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

350 AAQ- SHIRPUR(V)-BUFFER ZONE- MAY'2019&2020 300

250 3 200 May 2019* 150 May µg/m 100 2020*

50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

350 AAQ- KANWA(V)-BUFFER ZONE- APRIL'2019&2020 300

250

3 200 April 150 2019* µg/m April 100 2020* 50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

300 AAQ- KANHA(V)-BUFFER ZONE- MAY'2019&2020

250

200 3

150 May 2019* µg/m 100 May 2020*

50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

From the above, it may be seen that significant decrease in recorded values has been observed due to lockdown during April - May 2020 in comparison the normal life cycle of April - May 2019.

In other words, contribution from mining is insignificant towards ambient air pollution in the immediate surrounding. However, all the pollution control measures will continue to operated and maintained throughout the mine life for effective control of dust nuisance.

ADS – 12 : Mitigation measures to protect residence of Shirpur should be proposed by PP as rehabilitation of Shirpur village is proposed in Phase - II.

Submission / status of compliance : The aerial distance of Shirpur village is about 900 m from active mining zone. An embankment has been constructed with a minimum height of 6 m, width 30 m and with overall length of 2.10 km in order to create a physical barrier between active mine zone and Shirpur village.

However, at the project appropriate control measures for minimizing the adverse impact as far as possible are being taken and will continue to be taken (with augmentation). The details are as follows:

At Shirpur village, fortnightly monitoring is carried out to assess ambient air quality. The concentrations of all monitored parameters are well within the stipulated standards as per Environment (protection) Amendment Rule, 2000.

For dust suppression following control measures are provided at Makardhokra-I Expn. OC Mine:

 Fixed Sprinklers, 20 nos. at Weigh Bridge and Coal transport road, 44 nos. at Railway siding Wharf wall, 10 nos. at Coal Handling Plant.  Mobile tankers, 2 nos. 28 KL capacity and 3 nos. 18 KL capacity.

Controlled blasting techniques with use of Non electric delay detonators are practiced to control ground vibration and to arrest the fly rock. All blasting practices are carried out as per norms of Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS).

Actually Shirpur village is located by the side of State Highway -262 which connects Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), Butibori with Umrer Town. The road traffic contribute significantly towards air pollution at the village which is further established from the analysis of data at the village for the period April - May, 2020 vis - a- vis April- May 2019. The analysis is shown below:- 350 AAQ- SHIRPUR(V)-BUFFER ZONE- APRIL'2019 & 2020

300

250 3 200 April 2019* 150 April µg/m 100 2020*

50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

350 AAQ- SHIRPUR(V)-BUFFER ZONE- MAY'2019&2020 300

250 3 200 May 2019* 150 May µg/m 2020* 100

50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

350 AAQ- KANHA(V)-BUFFER ZONE- APRIL'2019 & 2020 300

250

3 200 April 150 2019* µg/m April 100 2020* 50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

300 AAQ- KANHA(V)-BUFFER ZONE- MAY'2019&2020 250

200 3

150 May 2019* µg/m 100 May 2020* 50

0 SPM PM-10 NOx SOx PM2.5 Air Quality Parameters

From the above, it can be seen that the values recorded during lockdown period were significantly less compared the values of April - May 2019. This clearly establishes the fact that, activities other than mining at Makardhokra - I OC contribute significantly towards ambient air pollution at Shirpur Village.

However, all mitigation measures will continue to be operated and maintained till Shirpur village is shifted.

ADS – 13 : Clarification from District Forest Officer that Project does not fall under Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Melghat Tiger Reserve, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary and Tipeshawar Wildlife Sanctuary and there is no wildlife corridor (Tiger/elephant)

Submission / status of compliance :

Regarding clarification from District Forest Officer pertaining to location of the project w.r.t Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Melghat Tiger Reserve, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary and Tipeshawar Wildlife Sanctuary and there is no wildlife corridor (Tiger/elephant); it is submitted that, clarification on the matter has been received from Office of Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife), Maharashtra State vide letter no. Desk -23 (2)/WL/ Survey/ CR. No.81/ 2784/ 2020-21 dated 11.02.2021. The clarification/ observations are re-produced below: Quote: i) The proposed mining project is not in any protected area ii) The proposed mining project is not within 10km radius of any protected area iii) The proposed mining project is not within Eco-sensitive zone of any protected area iv) The proposed mining project do not fall within the corridor area as per “Tiger Corridor of Eastern Vidarbha Landscape” published by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. However, the corridor passes within the vicinity (nearest distance 1.5 km) of the proposed mining project :unquote The copy of the above mentioned clarification on the matter received from Office of Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife), Maharashtra State vide letter dated 11.02.2021 along with duly certified map showing proposed mining project with 10 km boundary with respect to tiger corridor is placed below : TqfurTrrr sqr{ T€q rfiivero' (T{ ffir srq) q6r{rq lTq, qiA Erqiilq O/o Principal ChLef Conservatgf of Foregts (HoFF), Maha(ashtra State Phone No.- 07 72-2560953 ffirq 5cq cqr{vem (Tdr+fl rr6rtTq {Tw, E-mail - [email protected] Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlif'e) Maharashtla State Website-rvu,rv.mal.ratirrest.gov.in "VanBhavan",3'dFloor,Ramgili Road,Civil Lines,Nagpur-440001.

,/ Desk-23(2)/WL/Survey/CR.No.81/ 278412020-21, Date 1110212021 v/ To, The Area General Manager. ' Western Coalfields Limited, Umrer Area, Dist. Nagpur (MS), Pin:441204.

Email- agm unr rer(d,rvestern coal. gov. i n

Subiect:- Clarification regarding status of Makardhokda- i OC Mine that it does not falls under Umred - Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Tadoba - Andhari Tiger Reserve, Pench Tiger Reserve, Navegaon - Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary and Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary and there is no wildlife corridor (Tiger/ Elephant)

Reference :- 1. Your letter No. WCL/UA/AGM/ENV/20201829, Dated 2110812020. 2, This office letter No. Desk-23(2)lWllSurvey/CR.No.81/l 165, Dated 1610912020. 3. Chief Conservator of Forests, (Territorial) Nagpur letter No. Desk- I0/Land/CR. No. 9621993, Dated 2810112021. 4. Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife) East, Nagpur

letter No, Desk-1 (B)/Survey120-211803, Dated 0210212021 .

With ret-erence to letterNo.l cited above, on the proposed project, you have requested for clarification on the conditions laid down by Govemment of lndia regarding: "Clarification from Distict Fore,st Officer that project does not falls under Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary. Tadoba- Andhari Tiger Reserve, Pench Tiger Reserve, I{avegoan-Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Melghat Tiger Reserve, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary and Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary and there is no wildlife corridor (Tiger/Elephant)" ln this regard, clarification was sought from Chief Conservator of Forests (Teritorial)

Nagpur. Chief Conservator of Forests (Territorial) Nagpur vide letter No. 3 cited above has submitted the report to Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife) East, Nagpur. Vlde letter No. 4 cited above, AdditionalPriricipal Chief Conservator of Forest

c:\Users\PM\Desktop\Lete$ Desktop File\R.5. 207\EnSlish Note Autosaved 3.doc (Wildlife) East, Nagpur has agreed with the reporl of Chief Conservator of Forests

(Territorial) Nagpur. Based on the report it is clarif-red that : i) The proposed mining proiect is not in any Protected Area.

ii) The proposed mining project is not within 1 0 km radius of any Protected Area. iii) The Proposed mining project is not within Eco-Sensitive Zone of any Protected Area. iv) The proposed mining project do not fallwithinthecorridorareaasper"Tiger Corridor of Eastern Vidarbha Landscape" published by Wildtife Institute of India, Dehradun. However, the corridor passes within the vicinity (nearest distance 1.5 km) of the proposed mining project.

Hence as per your request, the certified the map showing the proposed mining project with l0 km boundary and the cerlified map showing the proposed mining project with respect to tiger corridor is herewith sent for your necessary action. As above 4*',/ (Nitin H. Kakodkar) Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Wildlife Maharashtra State

Copy to : 1) The Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (Wildlife) East, Nagpur for information. Enclosure : Nil

2) The Chief Conservator of Forests, (Territorial) Nagpur for information. Enclosure : As above

C:\Users\PM\Desktop\Letest Desktop File\R.S. 207\English Note Autosaved 3.doc