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Aubrey De Vere As a Man of Letters

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PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107135 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-04 and may be subject to change. AUBREY DE VERE AS A MAN OF LETTERS DOOR Th. Α. PIJPERS ^ 1941 DEKKER & VAN DE VEGT N.V., NIJMEGEN-UTRECHT I AUBREY DE VERE AS A MAN OF LETTERS PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. Α. POMPEN O.F.M. N.V. CENTRALE DRUKKERIJ — NIJMEGEN AUBREY DE VERE AS A MAN OF LETTERS ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DEN GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVER­ SITEIT VAN NIJMEGEN OP GEZAG VAN DEN WAAR- NEMENDEN RECTOR MAGNIFICUS Dr. TH. BAADER, HOOGLEERAAR IN DE FACULTEIT DER LETTEREN EN WIJSBEGEERTE VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN DEN SENAAT IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN IN DE AULA DER UNIVERSITEIT OP DINSDAG 27 MEI 1941, DES NAMIDDAGS TE 3 UUR DOOR THEODORUS ADRIANUS PIJPERS GEBOREN TE BREDA DEKKER & VAN DE VEGT N.V., NIJMEGEN-UTRECHT Gedrukt met steun van de Katholieke Wetenschappelijke егеепідіпд en van het Dr. van Güs-fonds. Aan mijn Vrouw en Kinderen CONTENTS Page Introduction I-V Chronological List of Aubrey de Vere's Published Works VII-VIII I. THE EVEN TENOR OF DE VERE'S LIFE a. Parentage and Childhood 1-7 b. Formation and Education 8-15 c. Conversion 15-26 d. Character and Friendships 26-33 e. Last Years and Death 33-39 II. THE EVEN TENOR OF DE VERE'S POETICAL WORKS a. Parental Examples 40-53 b. Religious Poetry 53-70 c. Secular Poetry 70-97 d. Dramatic Poetry 97-111 e. Disciple of Wordsworth 111-122 III. THE EVEN TENOR OF DE VERE'S PROSE-WRITINGS a. Occasional Criticism 123-137 b. Religious and Ethical Essays 137-144 с Political Essays 144-157 d. Literary Essays 158-181 e. Arnold, Shairp, and De Vere 181-199 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 200-209 Bibliography 211-217 Index 218-224 INTRODUCTION The only work in which the principal events of De Vere's life are recorded is Wilfrid Ward's Aubrey de Vere, A Memoir, published in 1904 (Longmans & Co, London; pp. X-416), two years after de Vere's death. It is based on the poet's unpublished diaries and on the letters which he himself had already collected with a view to publication when death overtook him. Ward did not aim at writing in the fullest sense a biography; the limit of time prescribed for its appearance in print made that impossible. His work was in the first place "an attempt at the exhibition of a remarkable mind and character, as displayed in his intercourse and his correspondence with his friends"; and in this design the biographer may be said to have fully succeeded. Throughout the book Ward has proved himself a competent 'literary executor'. He had been acquainted with De Vere since about 1875 and of all De Vere's friends he, perhaps, knew best what were the main interests in his life. The poet's ideals, aspirations, friendships, and family relations are duly set forth in the book and are all illustrated by a number of letters, larger or smaller, in proportion as these in­ terests were valued by De Vere himself. The subject of the poet's religious thoughts appealed to the biographer most. It is elaborately treated and especially in the chapter entitled 'Oxford, Cambridge, and Rome', the writer of W. G. Ward and the Oxford Movement, The Life and Times of Cardinal Wiseman, etc. etc., showed his predilection for religious subjects. Perhaps many readers will remain indifferent to the exposition of De Vere's religious faith, the analysis of which fills a large part of the Memoir. But Ward's account of De Vere's life is valuable in many other respects. Every student of the Victorian age will glow with kindly warmth over the pages of literary correspond­ ence, reminiscence, and criticism of the leading men of the 19th cen­ tury and will be thankful to the author not only for having given a clear picture of a true Victorian, but also for having contributed II valuable data to the study of De Vere's contemporaries. In one respect, however, the Memoir was disappointing: Ward had confined himself mainly to his somewhat restricted materials and had done but scant justice to De Vere's literary works. He did not place him as a man of letters. This was an omission which the critic who reviewed Ward's Memoir in the American monthly. The Nation (November 3, 1904; vol. 79), deeply regretted. His impression was that Ward's book was "far less a memoir of Aubrey de Vere the poet than a memoir of Aubrey de Vere the Roman Catholic pietist". Wilfrid Meynell expressed the same opinion in The Athenaeum (October 1, 1904). Thinking of the scattered condition of De Vere's 'literary re­ mains', such as his contributions to the biographies of Tennyson, Lord Houghton (Richard Monckton Milnes), Sara Coleridge, and others, this critic deplored that "Mr. Ward has made no attempt to gather the fragments", and he feared that "his determination not to attempt a biography based, with due proportion, on all available data, printed or unprinted, will awaken a regret the more keen inasmuch as the opportunity, once passed over, is hardly likely to present itself again". Probably Meynell was also thinking of the 'Obituary Notice' which had appeared from his own hand (signed W. M.) in the same monthly, four days after De Vere's death, in which case Ward's disregard of this article would explain the somewhat spiteful tone in which this part of the review was written. However this may be, Meynell's claim to be recognised in a book on Aubrey de Vere as a friend and as a critic was not unreasonable, for he had known him well, both as a man and as a writer. Meynell's fears that after Ward's one-sided treatment De Vere's position as a man of letters might for a long time remain undefined were not wholly unfounded: up till the present day no attempt to deal with the poet on the lines suggested in The Athenaeum has been made. Although during his life his work had always had its admirers, De Vere had never been a fashion and towards the end of the 19th cen­ tury the popular taste went in quite different directions. Three se­ lections of his poetical works were brought out, two before his death, and one almost simultaneously with the publication of the Memoir, but even these attempts to awaken a wider interest in his works failed to secure him a large audience. After his death De Vere gra­ dually sank into oblivion. Nowadays his works are remembered by only few Englishmen. In Holland, too, where M. A. P. С Poelhekke introduced him to his countrymen as early as 1899, the number of ΠΙ those who are to some extent acquainted with De Vere's poetry is comparatively small. Just as in England, his friends in this country must, it seems, be sought mainly in Catholic circles; outside these circles De Vere is generally little more than a name. The result of this neglect is that De Vere as a man of letters is still imperfectly known. What the handbooks of English literature tell us about him amounts to a few generalities about his poetic power and to some remarks on his religious thoughtfulness, his following of Wordsworth, his prolixity, and his dignity of language, which is but scanty information about a poet whose poetical works equalled those of Tennyson in quantity and, as some of De Vere's admirers say, also in quality. Sometimes the inquiring student is positively misinformed. There are critics who want him to believe that De Vere's poetry is 'graceful'ι), others tell him that De Vere was a mystics), and a third group, again, affirms that De Vere's poetry "did much to help the Celtic Revival"з). No information could be more beside the truth. De Vere's faults and merits as a poet were mainly those of the Wordsworthian school, and the poetry of this 'school' is not characterized either by gracefulness or mysticism. As to his poetical temperament De Vere was almost as un-Irish as his master. To this kind of misinformation also belong the errors frequently made by critics in trying to draw up a list of his works. De Vere is often mixed up with his father. A week after his death The Daily Telegraph started the confusion by attributing the elder poet's drama Mary Tudor to the son and from this newspaper the misstatement seems to have found its way into later notices of De Vere. The Ameri­ can critic G. N. Shuster-*) made the same mistake in the three pages which he devoted to the poet, and so did the German critic J. Metzger 5), who in dealing with De Vere apparently took Shuster for his guide. The critic Dobrée 6) made quite a mess of it by mixing *) Cf. Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. XIII, ch. The Lesser Poets; p. 188. а) Cf. Hugh Walker, The Age of Tennyson, 1921, 3rd ed. p. 261. 3) Cf. Encyclopedia Britannica, sub. De Vere. 4) G. N. Shuster, The Catholic Spirit in modern English Literature, 1922, New York, The Macmillan Company, p. 121 ff. б) Joseph Metzger, Das Katholische Schrifttum im heutigen England; München, 1937; pp.
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