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Gymnopithys Lunulata) En Ecuador

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Gymnopithys Lunulata) En Ecuador SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 12: 183–185, 2001 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society EXTENSIÓN ALTITUDINAL EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL HORMIGUERO LUNULADO (GYMNOPITHYS LUNULATA) EN ECUADOR Juan F. Freile1 Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Casilla 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador. Altitudinal distribution extension of the Lunulated Antbird (Gymnopithys lunulata) in Ecuador. Key words: Gymnopithys lunulata, Lunulated Antbird, altitudinal extension, Amazonia, Ecuador. El Hormiguero Lunulado (Gymnopithys lunu- 1996, Ridgely et al. 1998). lata; Thamnophilidae) es un insectívoro raro En este reporte se presenta el primer que habita al interior de bosque húmedo pri- registro del Hormiguero Lunulado a una alti- mario y se encuentra principalmente asociado tud superior a 300 m. En Noviembre 1999, a bandadas mixtas de sotobosque siguiendo un macho adulto fue capturado en una red de tropas de hormigas arrieras (Eciton spp. y neblina colocada dentro de un pequeño rema- Labidus praedator). Se lo encuentra frecuente- nente de bosque piemontano secundario coli- mente en zonas de varzea, aunque también ha nado a 950 m de altitud, en el Parque sido registrado en bosques de tierra firme Etnobotánico y Pedagógico Omaere (01° 28’S, (Willis 1968, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, observ. 77° 59’W), Provincia de Pastaza. Las medidas pers.). morfométricas de este individuo [culmen 17.7 El rango de distribución del Hormiguero mm, tarso 27.2 mm, ala 69.9 mm (aplanada), Lunulado está restringido a la Amazonía occi- cola 44.0 mm, peso 26.0 g] son similares a las dental, y se extiende desde el nororiente de de otros individuos revisados, provenientes Ecuador hasta el nororiente de Perú (Ridgely de varias localidades de la Amazonía baja del & Tudor 1994). Su límite sur está marcado Ecuador [Especímenes nos. 1497 y 1539, por el Río Ucayali, que lo separa de su taxón Museo QCAZ (Quito – Católica – Zoología); hermano, el Hormiguero de Salvin (G. salvini) J. F. Freile, datos no publ.]. (Hackett 1993, Ridgely & Tudor 1994). En El Hormiguero Lunulado es considerado Ecuador, el Hormiguero Lunulado está como una especie amazónica, aunque Parker reportado como raro, y sólo se le conoce en et al. (1996) sugieren que podría habitar tam- pocas localidades (Tabla 1), todas ellas por bién en el pie de monte. Este registro consti- debajo de los 300 m de altitud (Best et al. tuye una importante modificación en su ______________ rango de distribución, extendiéndolo en 1Dirección actual: Casilla Postal 17-12-122, Quito, aproximadamente 600 m de altitud hacia el Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] pie de monte andino, y aproximadamente 180 183 FREILE TABLA 1. Algunas localidades de registro de Gymnopithys lunulata en el Ecuador. Localidad Fuente Laguna Grande, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (00°01’N, Best et al. (1996) 76°11’W), 280 m, Sucumbíos Sacha Lodge (00°27’S, 76°10’W), 300 m, Orellana J. V. Moore (com. pers.) La Selva Lodge (00°25’S, 76°08’W), 250 m, Orellana J. V. Moore (com. pers.) Reserva Kapawi (02°30’S, 76°50’W), 300 m, Pastaza Moore (1997) Parque Nacional Yasuni (00°30’S, 75°30’W), 250 m, Orellana Moore (1997) Estación de la Biodiversidad Tiputini (00°38’S, 76°08’W), 250 m, D. Cisneros (com. pers.) Orellana Línea de exploración petrolera 9, Bloque 31, P. N. Yasuni (00°52’S, Museo QCAZ (Quito-Católica- 75°47’W), 200 m, Orellana Zoología) # 1497, #1539 Plataforma PCSA-1, Bloque 31, P. N. Yasuni (00°52’S, 75°56’W), 230 Observ. pers. m, Orellana Parque Etnobotánico y Pedagógico Omaere (01°28’S, 77°59’W), 950 m, Presente trabajo Pastaza km hacia el noroeste de la localidad más cer- Krabbe 1998). cana, Kapawi (02° 30’S, 76° 50’W) (Tabla 1). La ausencia de reportes en el pie de monte Los miembros del género Gymnopithys habitan andino es difícil de interpretar, pero la canti- principalmente en bosques de tierras bajas dad comparativamente baja de investigaciones Neotropicales, desde Honduras hasta la ornitológicas en el área, junto con el elevado región central de Brasil (Hackett 1993). Úni- nivel de alteración de la base de los Andes en camente el Hormiguero Bicolor (G. leucaspis) Ecuador (400–700 m) podrían influir de ha sido reportado previamente para el pie de cierta manera. Es posible que el Hormiguero monte andino (subespecie bicolor) al norocci- Lunulado habite en otras regiones a altitudes dente del Ecuador (Ridgely et al. 1998). similares cuya exploración no ha sido posible Las tropas de hormigas arrieras son un por su complicado acceso (e.g., Cordilleras del componente típico de las selvas bajas Neotro- Cutucú y del Cóndor), aunque es importante picales y disminuyen en importancia al considerar que en estudios previos realizados aumentar el gradiente altitudinal y latitudinal a aproximadamente 600 m de altitud, en la (Chesser 1995), lo que podría restringir noto- región de Canelos (01° 32’S, 77° 45’W), pro- riamente la existencia de hormigueros obliga- vincia de Pastaza, no se registró a esta especie torios en los pisos geográficos superiores (ver (Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1998). Terborgh 1977). Si el Hormiguero Lunulado Desafortunadamente los bosques prísti- efectivamente habita a todo lo largo del pie de nos de pie de monte oriental están siendo monte andino en Ecuador, es probable que explotados con elevada intensidad y tienen un sea menos abundante que en las tierras bajas nivel de protección poco efectivo, por lo que por su asociación con tropas de hormigas es posible que muchas especies de aves res- arrieras. Sin embargo, no existen reportes tringidas a este piso geográfico desaparezcan, anteriores en este piso geográfico, o en áreas y otras, de distribución altitudinal más amplia, intermedias entre su rango conocido y la alti- queden aisladas en subpoblaciones, lo que tud reportada en esta nota (ver Best et al. evidentemente podría afectar su conservación 1996, Schulenberg & Awbrey 1997, Fjeldsa & a futuro. 184 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS AGRADECIMIENTOS Hackett, S. J. 1993. Phylogenetic and biogeo- graphic relationships in the Neotropical genus A la Fundación Omaere por permitirme tra- Gymnopithys (Formicariidae). Wilson Bull. 105: bajar en sus instalaciones; a Fernando Ortiz- 301–315. Crespo, Patricio Salazar y Tjitte de Vries por Moore, J. V. 1997. Ecuador, more bird vocaliza- tions from the lowland rainforest. Vol. 3. John sus revisiones al manuscrito preliminar; a Moore Nature Recordings, San José, Califor- Juan M. Guayasamin, Melissa Moreano, nia. Lorena Endara y Elisa Bonaccorso por sus Parker, T. A. III, D. F. Stotz, & J. W. Fitzpatrick. revisiones de forma y estructura del manus- 1996. Ecological and distributional databases. crito final; a John V. Moore, Paul Coopmans, Pp. 115–436 in Stotz, D. F., J. W. Fitzpatrick, T. John Sterling, Monica Swartz y Diego Cisne- A. Parker, III, & D. K. Moskovits (eds.). Neo- ros por sus comentarios; y a Mort Isler, tropical birds: ecology and conservation. Univ. Phyllis Isler y Troy Gordon por su ayuda con of Chicago Press, Chicago. algunas referencias bibliográficas. Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. 1994. The birds of South America. Volume II: The Suboscine REFERENCIAS Passerines. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin. Ridgely, R. S., P. J. Greenfield, & M. Guerrero G. 1998. Las aves del Ecuador continental: una Best, B. J., T. Heijnen, & R. S. R. Williams. 1996. A lista anotada. Fundación Ornitológica del guide to birdwatching in Ecuador and the Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. Galápagos Islands. Biosphere Publications, Schulenberg, T. S., & K. Awbrey. 1997. The Cor- Leeds, U.K. dillera del Cóndor region of Ecuador and Perú: Chesser, R. T. 1995. Comparative diets of obligate a biological assessment. Conservation Interna- ant-following birds at a site in northern tional RAP Working Papers No. 7, Washing- Bolivia. Biotropica 27: 382–390. ton, D. C. Fjeldsa, J., & N. Krabbe. 1998. Birds of the Terborgh, J. 1977. Bird species diversity on an Makuma–Mutints, Cutucú and Canelos–Cha- Andean elevational gradient. Ecology 58: petón areas. Pp. 167–179 in Borgtoft, H., F. 1007–1019. Skov, J. Fjeldsa, I. Schjellerup, & B. Ollgaard Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of (eds.). People and biodiversity, two case studies Lunulated and Salvin’s Antbirds. Condor 70: from the Andean foothills of Ecuador. Centre 128–148. for Research on Cultural and Biological Diver- sity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA), Tech. rep. No. 3, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aceptado el 28 de Octubre de 2000. 185 .
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