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Vocabulary Religion Vocabulary for the Study of Religion EDITED BY ROBERT SEGAL & KOCKU VON STUCKRAD Preview 2 Vocabulary for the Study of Religions Edited by Robert Segal, University of Aberdeen, and Kocku von Stuckrad, University of Groningen • For more information brill.com/vsr • Forthcoming 2015 Print Edition (3 vols.) • ISBN 978 90 04 29043 3 • Pre-publication price EUR 499 / US$ 649 • List price EUR 567 / US$ 742 • For more information brill.com/vsro • Forthcoming 2015 Online Edition • ISSN 2212-2524 Purchase Options and 2015 prices for the online edition • Outright Purchase EUR 949 / US$ 1,205 This booklet is a preview of Vocabulary for the Study of Religions. The format and paper used for this preview are not indicative of the final, printed version of the dictionary. 3 Vocabulary for the Study of Religions Edited by: Robert Segal Kocku von Stuckrad 4 TITLES FOR PREVIEW Action Biography Death and Burial Adaptation Blasphemy Deconstruction Aesthetics Blessing and Curse Deconversion Afterlife Body / Embodiment Definitions of Religion Agency Boundaries Demography Agents (superhuman/ Bricolage Demythologization counterintuitive) Calendar and New Year Deprivation Aggression Canon / Canonization Deus otiosus Agnosticism Capital, Forms of Deviance Agriculture Capitalism Dialectic / Dialectical Materialism Alchemy Cargo Cult Dialogism Alienation Catharsis Diaspora Allegory Causality Différance Alterity Chance Differentiation (Social) Altruism Charisma Diffusion and dispersion Amulet Charismatic Movement Disclosure Analogy Cinema Discourse Ancestors and Ancestor Worship Cinematography Disenchantment Androcentrism Civil religion Dissociation Androgyny Civil society Dissonance (Cognitive) Angel Class Divination Animal Classification Divine Kingship Animism Clothing Do ut des Anthropocentrism Cognition Dogmatism Anthropology of Religion Colonialism Drama Anthropomorphism Commercialization / Dream Antinomianism Commodification Dualism Apocalypse Commitment Dying and Rising Gods Apocalypticism Communication Economics of Religion Apollonian and Dionysian Communism Economy Apologetics Community Ecstasy Apostasy Comparison Ecumenism Archetypes Concept of Religion Education Art Conflict Effervescence Asceticism Conflict Theory Elective Affinity Astrology Congregation / Congregationalism Elite Atheism Conscience Emotion Attitude Consciousness Empathy Attribution (theory) Conservatism Enlightenment Authoritarianism Contingency Environment Authority Coping Epoché Authorship Cosmos / Cosmologies Equality Baptism Covenant Esoteric / Esotericism Behavior Creationism Ethnicity Behaviorism Critical Theory Ethnocentrism Belief(s) Criticism and Critique (in, among Ethnography Belonging and of Religions) Ethos 5 Euhemerism Heresy Martyrdom / Martyr Everyday Life Hermeneutics and Interpretation Masks Evil Hero / Heroism Material Culture Evolution / Evolutionism Hierarchy Matriarchy / Patriarchy Exchange Hieros Gamos Meaning Exclusion History Measurements of Religion Excommunication Homo Religiosus Media Exegesis Human Rights Medicine Existentialism Humanism Memory / Memorization Exorcism Humor Mentalities Explanation and Interpretation Hunting Metaphor Extremism Hybridity Migration Fairy tale Icon / Iconography Millenarianism / Millennialism Faith Iconoclasm Mimesis Fatalism / Fate Identity Minority (Religious) Festival Ideology Miracle and Wonder Fetish / Fetishism / Fetishization Idol / Idolatry Mission Fideism Implicit Religion Modernization / Modernity Fieldwork Indexicality Money Financing Indigenous Religions Monism Folk Religion Ineffability Monotheism Food and Diet Initiation / Transformation Mourning Founder / Foundation Innovation Museality Framework (Conceptual) Insider / Outsider Music Framing Institution Mystery Freedom Intellectuals Mysticism Function / Functionalism Interreligious relations Myth Functions of Religion Intertextuality Narrative Fundamentalism Intoxication Nation / Nationalism Funeral Intuition Nativism Geisteswissenschaft Invisible Religion Naturalism Gender Irreligion Nature Genre Journey New Age Gestures Justice New Religious Movements Ghost Kinship Nomads Gift / Giving Knowledge Numinous Globalization Landscape Object Relations God / Goddess Language Objectivity Group Law Occult / Occultism Guilt Legitimacy / Legitimization Oceanic feeling Hallucinogens and Entheogens Liberalism Oedipus complex Happiness Liminal / Liminality Ontology Healing / Disease Literature Orality Health Luck Orientalism / Occidentalism Heaven / Hell Magic Origins of Religion Hegemony Marketplace Model Orthodoxy and Orthopraxy Henotheism Marriage Othering 6 Other-Worldly and This-Worldly Reductionism / Anti-Reductionism Sublimation Pacifism Reincarnation Sui Generis Paganism Relativism Suicide Pain Revelation Syncretism Pantheism Revitalization Movement System / Systems Theory Participant Observation Rhetoric Taboo Peak Experience Rhythm Teleology Performance / Performativity Rites of passage Texts / Textuality Person / Personality Ritual Theater / Theatricality Phenomenology of Religion Role Theodicy Philology Routinization Theogony Philosophy of Religion Sacred (the); Sacred and Profane Theology Pilgrimage Sacrifice Theories of Religion Pluralism and Plurality Salvation Time Polemics Sanctuary / Shrine / Temple Tolerance Politics / Political Science and Savior Totem Religion Scapegoat Tradition Polytheism Schism / Schismogenesis Trance Popular religion Science Transcendence and Immanence Possession Scripture Translation Postmodernism Secrecy / Secret / Secret Societies Transmission Poverty Sect / Sectarianism / Cult Transnational / Transnationalism Power Secular religion Trauma Prayer Secular, Secularism Trickster Predestination Secularization and De- Trope Prejudice Secularization Truth Priest / Priestess Semiotics Typology Primitive / Primitivism Senses Unconscious Private and Public Religion Sexuality Universals Privatization Shaman / Shamanism Urbanization Progress Shame Utopia Projection Sign / Symbol Values Property Social Movement Violence Prophecy / Prophet Socialization Virtuality Proselytism / Proselytization Society Vision Protestant Ethic Sociology of Religion Visual Arts and Culture Psychology of Religion Soul Votive / Votum Purity/Impurity Sound War / Warrior Qualitative Research Space Wilderness Quantitative Research Specialist Wisdom (Literature) Race / Racism Speech Acts Witch / Witchcraft and Sorcerer / Radicalism Spirituality Sorcery Rapture State World Religions Rational Choice Theory Stratification Worship Rationality Structuralism Reading and Writing Structure Reception Theory Subaltern 7 Apologetics Apologetics has traditionally been linked to fragments) and Flavius Josephus (Contra Apionem) Christianity, Judaism, and one strand of the as its prime exponents. A century ago Johannes ancient Greek rhetorical tradition. In scholarly Geffcken argued that the Christian apologetic lit- parlance the notion designates ancient Jewish and erature was the heiress of the Jewish tradition. In Christian works formally addressed to an external recent years, however, the existence of such a audience and undertaken in defence of the monolithic Jewish apologetic tradition has been authors’ worldviews as response to external accu- called into question. It was neither a uniform liter- sations having been made against them by non- ary tradition, nor were the majority of works tradi- Jewish and non-Christian authors of the tionally subsumed under the heading especially Greco-Roman world. The phenomenon, however, defensive in tone. Additionally, scholars have— has greater prevalence. From a comparative per- following a ground-breaking article by Victor spective it designates a wide array of works and Tcherikover from 1956—increasingly come to strategies within any religious tradition which are acknowledge that the primary audience of many produced as a defence of one’s own tradition of these texts was Jewish. A work—like the Letter against real or imagined threats stemming from of Aristeas dating to around first century B.C.E.— rival worldviews. may as part of its rhetorical staging make use of an explicit external addressee, but it is unlikely that this panegyric of Judaism ever succeeded in Research History achieving a wide ‘pagan’ audience. Nor is it evi- dent that the main target of the author was to Although the phenomenon of apologetics is found reach a non-Jewish public. On the contrary, the in an array of religions across the world, the con- majority of these writings seem to have had a pre- cept has traditionally been closely linked to the dominantly internal purpose, serving the continu- history of Christianity, Judaism, and one particular ous forging and maintenance of a Jewish identity strand of the ancient Greek tradition. The schol- by encomiastically documenting the superiority arly concept ‘apologetics’ is of modern origin, but of Judaism, while using Hellenistic cultural it has a firm grounding in Greek culture (logos canons. apologētikos, “speech suitable for defence”) and Recently, a similar shift in scholarship has taken partially in Latin with the title of Tertullian’s place with regard to Christian apologetic litera- famous Apology (Apologeticum) derived from the ture. A growing number of scholars hold that Greek term. The notion traditionally designates although some of the Christian apologetic writ- those works of Jewish and Christian provenance ings may have circulated among a ‘pagan’ audi- formally addressed to an external audience and ence, their primary aim was the internal worked out in defence of the authors’ respective identity-shaping
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