Doramectin Degradation and Bacterial Community During Sheep Manure Composting
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THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE VETERINARY FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH SLOVENSKI VETERINARSKI ZBORNIK Slov Vet Res 2013; 50 (4): 145-203 Res 2013; Vet Slov Volume 50 4 Slov Vet Res • Ljubljana • 2013 • Volume 50 • Number 4 • 145-203 THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE VETERINARY FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH SLOVENSKI VETERINARSKI ZBORNIK Volume 50 4 Slov Vet Res • Ljubljana • 2013 • Volume 50 • Number 4 • 145-203 The Scientific Journal of the Veterinary Faculty University of Ljubljana SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH SLOVENSKI VETERINARSKI ZBORNIK Previously: RESEARCH REPORTS OF THE VETERINARY FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA Prej: ZBORNIK VETERINARSKE FAKULTETE UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI 4 issues per year / izhaja štirikrat letno Editor in Chief / glavni in odgovorni urednik: Gregor Majdič Technical Editor / tehnični urednik: Matjaž Uršič Assistants to Editor / pomočnici urednika: Valentina Kubale Dvojmoč, Klementina Fon Tacer Editorial Board / uredniški odbor: Robert Frangež, Polona Juntes, Matjaž Ocepek, Alenka Seliškar, Modest Vengušt, Milka Vrecl, Veterinary Faculty University of Ljubljana / Veterinarska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani; Vesna Cerkvenik, Reziduum s.p. Editorial Advisers / svetovalca uredniškega odbora: Gita Grecs-Smole for Bibliography (bibliotekarka), Leon Ščuka for Statistics (za statistiko) Reviewing Editorial Board / ocenjevalni uredniški odbor: Ivor D. Bowen, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff, Wales, UK; Antonio Cruz, Paton and Martin Veterinary Services, Adegrove, British Columbia; Gerry M. Dorrestein, Dutch Research Institute for Birds and Exotic Animals, Veldhoven, The Netherlands; Sara Galac, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Wolfgang Henninger, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Austria; Simon Horvat, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenia; Nevenka Kožuh Eržen, Krka, d.d., Novo mesto, Slovenia; Louis Lefaucheur, INRA, Rennes, France; Bela Nagy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute Budapest, Hungary; Peter O’Shaughnessy, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Milan Pogačnik, Veterinarska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenia; Peter Popelka, University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovakia; Detlef Rath, Institut für Tierzucht, Forschungsbericht Biotechnologie, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (FAL), Neustadt, Germany; Henry Stämpfli, Large Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Frank J. M. Verstraete, University of California Davis, Davis, California, US; Thomas Wittek, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Wien, Austria Slovenian Language Revision / lektor za slovenski jezik: Viktor Majdič Address: Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Naslov: Veterinarska fakulteta, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija Tel.: +386 (0)1 47 79 100, 47 79 129, Fax: +386 (0)1 28 32 243 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsored by the Slovenian Book Agency Sofinancira: Javna agencija za knjigo Republike Slovenije ISSN 1580-4003 Printed by / tisk: DZS, d.d., Ljubljana Indexed in / indeksirano v: Agris, Biomedicina Slovenica, CAB Abstracts, IVSI Urlich’s International Periodicals Directory, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition http://www.slovetres.si/ SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH SLOVENSKI VETERINARSKI ZBORNIK Slov Vet Res 2013; 50 (4) Original Scientific Articles Kastelic M, Špehar M, Barać Z. Productivity of milk and milk composition of Istrian sheep in Croatia and Slovenia . .149 Premrov Bajuk B, Drobnič Košorok M, Malovrh T. The efect of a peptide inhibitor of cysteine peptidases produced by the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes on a mouse immune system..................................................157 Biasizzo M, Vadnjal S, Mičunović J, Henigman U, Kirbiš A. Estimation of Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence in slaughtered pig tonsils in Slovenia by using three cultural isolation procedures . .167 Dobeic M, Ocepek M, Kožuh-Eržen N, Pintarič Š, Cerkvenik-Flajs V, Gobec I. Doramectin degradation and bacterial community during sheep manure composting...................................................................................173 Žan Lotrič M, Gorjanc G, Kompan D. Geographical distribution of sheep and goat breeds in Slovenia . 183 Štukelj M, Toplak I, Valenčak Z. An attempt to eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) by serum inoculation on small pig farm . 193 Author Index Volume 50, 2013 . .201 Slov Vet Res 2013; 50 (4): 149-56 Original Scientific Article UDC 636.32/.38.08: 637.12(497.12/.13) PRODUCTIVITY OF MILK AND MILK COMPOSITION OF ISTRIAN SHEEP IN CROATIA AND SLOVENIA Miran Kastelic1*, Marija Špehar2, Zdravko Barać2 1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Animal Science Department, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia, 2Croatian Agricultural Agency, Ilica 101, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *Corresponding author, E-mail:[email protected] Summary: The effects of country, flock nested within country, litter size, parity, lambing season, interval between lambing and the first milk recording, and year of lambing on production of Istrian sheep in Slovenia and Croatia was studied in period between 2005 and 2009. Data consisted of 3,347 lactations in Croatia and 1,788 in Slovenia that were collected as a part of separate breeding programs. The Croatian animals produced 124.87 kg total milked milk (TMM) with 7.31 % of fat (FC) and 6.05 % of protein content (PC). Slovenian ewes produced only 79.33 kg TMM with 7.25 % FC and 5.87 % PC. The increase of TMM was 5.40 kg per year (P<0.05). Ewes that lambed between October and the end of January had the highest TMM, fat yield (FY), and protein yield (PY). The productivity did not differ between countries. Flock effect nested within country caused differences (P<0.05) in TMM, FC, and PC. The effect considered genetic, management and climatic conditions (average temperature, above mean sea level (AMSL), and precipitation). Productivity was not affected by the litter size. Higher productivity was observed in ewes reared in the Mediterranean area. The exception was one flock coming from harsher continental conditions. The productivity in such conditions can be improved with earlier lambing, high quality forage before the grazing season and with an extra feeding on pasture after the dry weather begins. Key words: Istrian sheep; dairy production; Croatia; Slovenia; environmental effects Introduction to Yugoslav and Italian subpopulations. At the beginning of 1990s, the Yugoslav subpopulation Istrian sheep (Istarska ovca, Istrska pramenka was further split between Croatia and Slovenia. or Istriana) is an autochthonous dairy sheep Migration of animals between the two countries breed originating from Istrian Peninsula and its has nearly stopped. hinterland. In the year 2009, estimated population Geographic and climatic characteristics are size was between 2,600 and 3,100 animals in changing very rapidly considering a rather small Croatia, 1,150 animals in Slovenia, and 920 area. The altitude of breeding ranges from the sea animals in Italy (1). The population of Istrian to 1,000 meters above mean sea level (AMSL). sheep was divided after the Second World War The border between Slovenia and Croatia is also geographical. The Croatian part of breeding area Received: 11 July 2012 consists mostly of the Istrian peninsula, therefore Accepted for publication: 23 July 2013 under influence of the sea. The temperature and 150 M. Kastelic, M. Špehar, Z. Barać the yearly rainfall levels are changing with the The aim of this study was to evaluate the AMSL increase and with the distance from the effects of country, flock, lambing season, parity, sea. Pula (AMSL 30 m) on the southern coast of litter size, interval between lambing and first milk Istria has an average temperature of 14.7oC1 [v recording, and year of lambing on the productivity “nogo” na ustreuno stran : The climatic data for of Istrian sheep. period 1990 – 2010 were provided by Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service and Material and methods Slovenian Environment Agency]. The coldest months are January and February with an average Data were collected as part of separate breeding temperature of 6.0oC and 6.3oC respectively. Pazin programs in Croatia and Slovenia for the period (AMSL 242 m) is located in the middle of Istrian from 2005 to 2009. Breeding programs were Peninsula with the average temperature of 11.5oC. established in the 1990-ties, 20 to 30 years later Slovenian breeding area is placed around Ilirska as in France, Italy or Spain (3). Daily milk yield Bistrica (AMSL 421 m), which is situated outside and milk components were recorded according the Istrian peninsula in the typical Karstic valley. to the ICAR guidelines (4) using the AT4 method. It is not influenced by Mediterranean climate. The The total number of recorded lactations was 3,347 average temperature is 9.9o C. The annual sum in Croatia and 1,788 in Slovenia. The number of of precipitation for all three areas reaches the lactations per year did not change in the studied peak in winter months: 828 mm in Pula, 1,065 period in Slovenia. However, the number of recorded mm in Pazin and 1,356 mm in Ilirska Bistrica. In lactations per year increased more than six times Istria, the pasture is available during the winter (from 195 in 2005 to 1,266 in 2009) in Croatia. and especially in early spring period. However, in The total milked milk