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Remedial Action Plan Hydro Aluminium Smelter Kurri Kurri

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Remedial Action Plan Hydro Aluminium Smelter Kurri Kurri Intended for 80Hydro Aluminium Kurri Kurri Pty Ltd Document type Remedial Action Plan Date July 2016 Hydro Smelter Kurri Kurri REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN HYDRO ALUMINIUM SMELTER KURRI KURRI i REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN HYDRO ALUMINIUM SMELTER KURRI KURRI Revision FINAL V2 Date 12/07/2016 Made by Kirsty Greenfield Checked by Fiona Robinson Approved by Fiona Robinson Description Ramboll Environ has prepared a remediation strategy for contaminated soils at the former Hydro Aluminium Kurri Kurri Smelter. The strategy is presented in this Remedial Action Plan. Ref AS130349 AS130349_Remedial_Action Plan_F1.docxVersion FINAL V2 Ramboll Environ Level 2, Suite 19B 50 Glebe Road PO Box 435 The Junction NSW 2291 Australia T +61 2 4962 5444 F +61 2 4962 5888 www.ramboll-environ.com Z:\Projects\Hydro Australia\AS130349 Remediation and Preliminary Planning\RAP\Updated with Auditor comments\AS130349_Remedial_Action Plan_FINAL_July 2016.docx ii CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-1 2. INTRODUCTION 2-2 2.1 Background 2-2 2.2 Objective 2-2 2.3 Scope of Work 2-3 2.4 Regulatory Framework and Guidelines 2-3 3. SITE IDENTIFICATION 3-5 3.1 Site Location 3-5 3.2 Site Boundaries 3-5 4. SITE HISTORY 4-6 4.1 General Operations History 4-6 4.2 Overview of Former Site Operations 4-6 5. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 5-8 5.1 Stage 1 of the Phase 2 ESA 5-8 5.2 Capped Waste Stockpile 5-9 5.3 Ecological Risk Assessment 5-10 5.4 Health Risk Assessment 5-10 5.5 Phase 1 ESA 5-10 5.6 Stage 2 of the Phase 2 ESA 5-10 5.7 Remedial Action Work Plan for Clay Borrow Pit 5-12 5.8 Condition and Surrounding Environment 5-13 5.9 Geology and Hydrogeology 5-15 5.10 Nature and Extent of Soil Contamination 5-16 5.11 Characterisation of the Capped Waste Stockpile 5-20 5.11.1 Waste content 5-20 5.11.2 Leachate 5-22 5.11.3 Gas 5-24 5.11.4 Summary of preliminary waste classification 5-26 5.12 Immobilisation 5-28 5.13 Site-Wide Assessment of Groundwater 5-29 5.14 Conceptual Site Model 5-29 5.15 Assessment of Exposure Routes and Potential Receptors 5-30 6. REMAINING CSM DATA GAPS 6-33 6.1 Soil 6-33 6.2 Groundwater 6-33 7. REMEDIAL OPTIONS 7-34 7.1 Remediation Goal 7-34 7.2 Extent of Remediation Required 7-34 7.3 Remedial Options Assessment 7-35 7.3.1 Review of Evaluation Criteria Definitions 7-35 7.3.2 Approval Likelihood 7-35 7.3.3 Legacy Management and Costs 7-35 7.3.4 Risk Rating 7-35 iii 7.3.5 Sustainability Analysis 7-37 7.3.6 Project Time 7-37 7.3.7 Qualitative Assessment Summary 7-37 7.4 Proposed Remediation Strategy 7-42 7.5 Contingency Plan 7-43 7.6 Interim Site Management Plan 7-44 8. REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN 8-45 8.1 Preliminaries 8-45 8.2 Site Establishment 8-45 8.3 Prior to Remediation Works 8-45 8.3.1 West Surge Pond 8-46 8.3.2 Substations 8-46 8.3.3 Area East of the Clay Borrow Pit 8-46 8.3.4 Diesel Spray Area 8-46 8.3.5 Anode Waste Pile 8-47 8.4 Potential for Contamination due to Demolition 8-47 8.5 Survey 8-47 8.6 Remedial Methodology 8-47 8.6.1 Capped Waste Stockpile 8-48 8.6.2 Anode Waste Pile 8-48 8.6.3 Area East of Playing Field 8-49 8.6.4 Carbon Plant 8-49 8.6.5 Bake Furnace Scrubber 8-49 8.6.6 Diesel Spray Area 8-49 8.6.7 Drainage Lines 8-49 8.6.8 East Surge Pond 8-50 8.6.9 Materials Tracking 8-50 8.6.10 Backfilling and Final Landform 8-50 8.7 Remediation of Secondary Source, Groundwater - Capped Waste Stockpile 8-50 9. VALIDATION PLAN 9-51 9.1 Validation Data Quality Objectives 9-51 9.1.1 Step 1: State the Problem 9-51 9.1.2 Step 2: Identify the Decisions 9-52 9.1.3 Step 3: Identify Inputs to the Decision 9-52 9.1.4 Step 4: Define the Study Boundary 9-52 9.1.5 Step 5: Development of Decision Rules 9-52 9.1.6 Step 6: Specific Limits of Decision Error 9-53 9.1.7 Step 7: Optimise the Design for Obtaining Data – Soil Validation 9-55 9.1.7.1 Imported Fill Sampling 9-58 9.2 Soil Validation Criteria 9-59 9.2.1 Contaminants of Concern 9-59 9.2.2 Soil Criteria 9-59 9.3 Groundwater and Surface Water Validation Criteria 9-62 9.3.1 Contaminants of Concern 9-62 9.3.2 Groundwater Criteria 9-62 9.3.2.1 Potential Beneficial Uses 9-62 9.3.2.2 Appropriate Criteria for Groundwater 9-63 9.3.2.3 Appropriate Criteria for Surface Water 9-63 9.4 Validation Reporting 9-64 10. WORKS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 10-65 10.1 Works Environmental Management Plan 10-65 10.2 Site Access 10-65 iv 10.3 Hours of Operation 10-65 10.4 Air Controls 10-65 10.4.1 Dust Control 10-65 10.4.2 Odour 10-65 10.5 Noise Control 10-66 10.6 Erosion and Sediment Control 10-66 10.7 Surface Water and Groundwater Control 10-66 10.7.1.1 Surface water 10-66 10.7.2 Groundwater 10-67 10.8 Traffic Control 10-67 10.9 Spill Response 10-67 10.10 Hazardous Materials 10-67 10.11 Waste Materials 10-68 10.12 Flora and Fauna 10-68 11. HEALTH AND SAFETY 11-69 12. REMEDIATION SCHEDULE 12-70 13. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS CONTINGENCY PLAN 13-71 13.1 Asbestos Management Protocol 13-71 13.1.1 Asbestos Related Permits and Approvals 13-71 13.1.2 Management of ACM 13-72 14. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS 14-73 15. KEY PERSONNEL 15-74 16. COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLAN 16-75 17. LONG-TERM SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN 17-76 17.1 Leachate Plume 17-76 17.2 Enforceability of the LTEMP 17-76 17.2.1 Development Consent 17-76 17.2.2 Environment Protection Licence 17-77 18. CONCLUSIONS 18-78 19. REFERENCES 19-79 19.1 Previous Ramboll Environ Reports 19-79 20. LIMITATIONS 20-80 20.1 User Reliance 20-80 TABLES Table 2-1: SEARs for the RAP and Where Addressed ................................ 2-4 Table 3-1: Site Identification ................................................................. 3-5 Table 5-1: Summary of Site Conditions and Surrounding Environment ...... 5-13 Table 5-2: Summary of Geology and Hydrogeology ................................. 5-15 Table 5-3: Summary of Site Soil Contamination ...................................... 5-18 Table 5-4 Summary of Soil Results....................................................... 5-20 Table 5-5: Analysis of Spent Pot Lining .................................................. 5-22 Table 5-6: Capped Waste Stockpile Leachate Concentrations (mg/L) ......... 5-23 Table 5-7: Capped Waste Stockpile Gas Concentrations (ppm) ................. 5-26 Table 5-8: Capped Waste Stockpile Gas Concentrations (ppm) ................. 5-27 Table 5-9: Capped Waste Stockpile Gas Concentrations (ppm) ................. 5-28 Table 5-10: Exposure Pathways Assessment .......................................... 5-31 Table 7-1: Contaminated Soils Quantity Estimates .................................. 7-34 Table 7-2: Sustainability Factors ........................................................... 7-37 Table 7-3: Assessment of Remedial Options ........................................... 7-38 Table 7-4: Remediation Contingency Planning ........................................ 7-43 Table 9-1: Validation of the Capped Waste Stockpile ............................... 9-55 v Table 9-2: Validation of Remaining AECs ............................................... 9-57 Table 9-3: Validation of Stockpiling and Demolition Areas ........................ 9-57 Table 9-4: Remediation Assessment Criteria (mg/kg) – Health and Ecological Investigation Levels ............................................................................ 9-60 Table 9-5: Soil Assessment Criteria for Vapour Intrusion - HSL D (mg/kg) - Sand ................................................................................................. 9-60 Table 9-6: ESLs and Management Limits for Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil 9- 61 Table 9-7: Surface Water Assessment Criteria (mg/L). ............................ 9-63 Table 12-1: Remediation Schedule ...................................................... 12-70 Table 13-1: Environmental Controls Contingency Plan ........................... 13-71 Table 14-1: Key Relevant Legislation and Regulations ........................... 14-73 Table 15-1: Roles and Responsibilities ................................................. 15-74 FIGURES Figure 1 Site Location Figure 2 Smelter Site Plan Figure 3 Site Layout Showing AECs and PAECs Figure 4 Capped Waste Stockpile Figure 5 Anode Waste Pile Figure 6 Diesel Spray Area Figure 7 Carbon Plant Figure 8 Bake Furnace Scrubber Figure 9 Area East of the Playing Fields Figure 10 Drainage Lines and East Surge Pond Figure 11 Additional Investigation Areas Figure 12 Fluoride Concentrations in Groundwater Figure 13 Methane Concentrations over time Figure 14 Ammonia Concentrations over time Figure 15 Risk Rating Figure 16 Smelter Site with AECs and PAECs APPENDICES Appendix 1 2012 Soil Investigation Results Tables Appendix 2 NSW EPA Correspondence Appendix 3 2014 Soil Investigation Results Tables Appendix 4 Containment Cell Concept Design Appendix 5 Photographs of AECs Requiring Remediation vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACM Asbestos Containing Materials AEC Area of Environmental Concern AHD Australian Height Datum ALS Australian Laboratory Services ASET Australian Safer Environment and Technology Pty Ltd. (Laboratory) ANZECC Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council B(a)P Benzo(a)pyrene bgs Below Ground Surface BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (Monocyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons) CN Cyanide (total or free) CT Certificate of Title DP Deposited Plan DQO Data Quality Objective EIL Ecological Investigation Level EPA Environment Protection Authority ESA Environmental Site Assessment Ha Hectare km Kilometres LOR Limit of Reporting m Metres MAH Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Mercury Inorganic mercury unless noted otherwise Metals As: Arsenic, Cd: Cadmium, Cr: Chromium, Cu: Copper, Fe: Iron, Ni: Nickel, Pb: Lead,
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