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THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
MEISSNER, HANS OTTO 0008.Pdf
Aci if‘, CONFIDENTIAL FS405 BIOGRAPHIC DATA SECURITY INFORMATION Post: HICOG Bonn; Germany Date: December 1, 1952 64-1952 Reporting Officer: Vir.J. Mueller Name MEISSNER, Hans-Otto (Surname) (Given name) Nationality German Title DECLASSIFIED AND RELEASk0 BY • CENTRAL INTELL 16ENCE ABENC1 Position Free-Iance writer SOURCESNETHODSEXENPT ION 3112i NAZI WAR CRIMES DISCLOSURE ACT Personal data: DATE 2006 Born June 4, 1909, Strasbourg, Father: Otto Meissner, until 1945 chief of Hitlers Presidial Chancellery. Married Estelle Dittenberger, a Swiss nationaq, September 23, 1937. Daughter Andrea, born March 1, 1943 at COmo. Meissner and his wife were divorced in 1946. It is believed that his ex-wife is blackmailing him as he is reputed to have been denazified through false records of which dhe is presumably aware. Present address: 58 Widenmayerstrasse, Munich. Education: Arndt Gymnasium (Berlin) graduate (Abitur); 1929. Studied law and national economy, Universities of Berlin, Freiburg, Heidelberg, Goettingen, Cambridge,. Grenoble, Lausanne; LL.D Goettingen, 1934.. Travels: As of 1945 he had visited Turkey, Greece, Finland, the Baltic States, France, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland, China, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia.; Oceania, Netherlands, East Indies, Philippines, Siam, Indo-China, India, . Egypt; L2BIztt4. Tunisia, Lybia; Iran, Soviet Union (MoScow; Kiev, Baku, Rostov, Leningrad). Summer 1951: Italy. In August-September 1952 he again visited Thailand. NSDAP Affraations: NSDAP No03760629; December 1, 1936. SS No. 241955, highest rank Hauptsturilt- fuehrer (May 1, 1940); served in the SD Hauptamt (Main Office, Security Service) of SS and with SD units in the field during World War II. Member of TOkyo local branch ofNSDAP 1936-380 Languages: Fluent English; French; Italian; oral Japanese; some Russian, CONFIDENTIAL SECURITY INFORMATION BEST AVAILABLE COPY ,-\CONFIDENTIAL - MEISSNER, Hansc-Otto 2 - • .AHUMINFORMATION Military service: Voluntary service, 8 months, 1935,38o Highest rank: . -
Paramount Pictures Corporation Photographs
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0r29r57b No online items Inventory of the Paramount Pictures Corporation photographs Processed by Sara Ramsey, Jennifer Leather, and Elizabeth Phillips. Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2011 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Inventory of the Paramount XX256 1 Pictures Corporation photographs Inventory of the Paramount Pictures Corporation photographs Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Processed by: Sara Ramsey, Jennifer Leather, and Elizabeth Phillips Date Completed: 2011 Encoded by: Machine-readable finding aid derived from Microsoft Word and MARC record by Jill Golden. © 2011 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Collection Summary Title: Paramount Pictures Corporation photographs Dates: 1942-1943 Collection Number: XX256 Creator: Paramount Pictures Corporation. Collection Size: 8 manuscript boxes(3.3 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution Archives Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Materials used in preparation of motion pictures released in 1944, the first titled Hitler's Gang, depicting the Nazi rise to power in Germany, scenes of party rallies, parades, SS troops, and Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders at various stages of their careers; and the second, titled The Story of Dr. Wassell, depicting scenes from southeast Asia during World War II. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Languages: English Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. -
Hitler's First Hundred Days
HITLER’S FIRST HUNDRED DAYS HitlersFirstHu_HCtext1P.indd i 10/10/19 5:56:07 PM ALSO BY PETER FRITZSCHE An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler The Turbulent World of Franz Göll Life and Death in the Third Reich HitlersFirstHu_HCtext1P.indd ii 10/10/19 5:56:07 PM HITLER’S FIRST HUNDRED DAYS WHEN GERMANS EMBRACED THE THIRD REICH PETER FRITZSCHE NEW YORK HitlersFirstHu_HCtext1P.indd iii 10/10/19 5:56:07 PM Copyright © 2020 by Peter Fritzsche Cover design by XXX Cover image [Credit here] Cover copyright © 2020 Hachette Book Group, Inc. Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copy- right. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. Basic Books Hachette Book Group 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104 www.basicbooks.com Printed in the United States of America First Edition: March 2020 Published by Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc. The Basic Books name and logo is a trademark of the Hachette Book Group. The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591. -
Historical Review of Developments Relating to Aggression
Historical Review of Developments relating to Aggression United Nations New York, 2003 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.03.V10 ISBN 92-1-133538-8 Copyright 0 United Nations, 2003 All rights reserved Contents Paragraphs Page Preface xvii Introduction 1. The Nuremberg Tribunal 1-117 A. Establishment 1 B. Jurisdiction 2 C. The indictment 3-14 1. The defendants 4 2. Count one: The common plan or conspiracy to commit crimes against peace 5-8 3 3. Count two: Planning, preparing, initiating and waging war as crimes against peace 9-10 4. The specific charges against the defendants 11-14 (a) Count one 12 (b) Counts one and two 13 (c) Count two 14 D. The judgement 15-117 1. The charges contained in counts one and two 15-16 2. The factual background of the aggressive war 17-21 3. Measures of rearmament 22-23 4. Preparing and planning for aggression 24-26 5. Acts of aggression and aggressive wars 27-53 (a) The seizure of Austria 28-31 (b) The seizure of Czechoslovakia 32-33 (c) The invasion of Poland 34-35 (d) The invasion of Denmark and Norway 36-43 Paragraphs Page (e) The invasion of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg 44-45 (f) The invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece 46-48 (g) The invasion of the Soviet Union 49-51 (h) The declaration of war against the United States 52-53 28 6. Wars in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances 54 7. The Law of the Charter 55-57 The crime of aggressive war 56-57 8. -
Downloaded From
The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the origins of International Criminal Law Heller, K.J. Citation Heller, K. J. (2011, June 16). The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the origins of International Criminal Law. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17757 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17757 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). CHAPTER 3: The Evolution of the Trial Program INTRODUCTION As noted in the previous chapter, although Taylor‟s initial forecast called for at least 36 trials involving at least 266 defendants, the OCC ultimately managed to hold only 12 trials involving 185 defendants. This chapter explains that dramatic reduction. Section 1 focuses on the OCC‟s early planning, describing how the OCC determined which of the nearly 100,000 war-crimes suspects detained pursuant to JCS 1023/10 were eligible to be prosecuted in the zonal trials and examining the general principles the OCC used to group those potential defendants into particular cases. Section 2 then traces the gradual evolution of the OCC‟s actual trial program, explaining how the OCC selected the twelve trials and explaining why, for various reasons, it decided to abandon a number of other cases. I. PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION A. Early Planning The OCC – then still known as the SPD – began to determine who would be tried in the zonal trials -
The Inventory of the Bella Fromm Collection #531
The Inventory of the Bella Fromm Collection #531 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center FROMM, Bella (1890-1972) Gift of 1966-1971 I. DIARIES II. SCRAPBOOKS III, CORRESPONDENCE A. Individuals of Importance B, General C. Subject Folders D, General E. Letters Pasted on Sheets IV, LECTQRE NOTES V. INVITATIONS TO SOCIAL EVENTS VI. PRINTED MATERIALS VII. MANUSCRIPTS VIII. MISCELLANY IX, PHONOGRAPH RECORDS FROMM, BELLA Gift of 1966-1971 Diaries Box 1 1) 1917-1932. (//1). Typescript with holograph corrections and holograph, Ca. 125 pp. Also: news clippings and social invitation cards (many from diplomats); 2 TLS; 1 postcard to BF. Photograph including Goering, Petain and Laval, which was published in Daily Telegram, 1935. 2) 1933. (//2). Typescript with holograph corrections, carbon typescript with holograph corrections, and holograph, Ca. 150 pp. Also: photographs; news clippings; social invitation cards; and 6 TLS and 1 ALS. Including: Coler, Edithvon. TLS, September 14. Riefenstahl, Heinz. TLS, October 27. Box 2 3) 1934-1935. ({11). Typescript with holograph corrections, carbon typescript with holograph corrections, and holograph, Ca. 200 pp. Also:. Photographs (including signed photo of Rolf Reiner); news clippings; and social invitation cards; 14 TLS, 2 TLS photocopies, 5 ALS, 3 postcards, 1 Telegram. Including: Blomberg, General Werner von. TLS, January 2, 1934. Coler, Edithvon. Postcard, January 2, 1934 Massow, General von. 2 ALS, April 13 and June 1, 1934 and photograph with signed inscription . .,. Heydt, Ed~ard Freiherr von der. TLS, April 24, 1934. Welter, Erich (Editor, Vossische Zeitung). TLS, February 25, 1935. page 2 FROMM, BELLA Gift: 1966-1971 4) 1936-1938. (112). As described above, Ca. -
Eric M. Lipman Collection of Nazi Documents11.Mwalb02154
Eric M. Lipman collection of Nazi Documents11.MWalB02154 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 27, 2021. eng Brandeis University 415 South St. Waltham, MA URL: https://findingaids.brandeis.edu/ Eric M. Lipman collection of Nazi Documents11.MWalB02154 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 4 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 4 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Official Government Records and Correspondence ................................................................................... 5 Diaries ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 Postcards and Photographs ....................................................................................................................... -
HINDENBURG the WOODEN TITAN by the Same Author
HINDENBURG THE WOODEN TITAN By the same author Brest-Litovsk: The Forgotten Peace, March 1918 Munich: Prologue to Tragedy The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918-1945 King George VI: His Life and Reign John Anderson: Viscount Waverley A Wreath to Clio E. Briber, Berlin PRESIDENT VON HINDENBURG HINDENBURG THE WOODEN TITAN JOHN W. WHEELER-BENNETT Palgrave Macmillan This book is copyright in all countries which are signatorieB of the Berne Convention ~Preface and new Bibliographical Note: John W. Wheeler-Bennett 1967 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1967 978-0-333-04550-3 First published 1936 Reissued with Preface and new Bibliographical Note 1967 ISBN 978-0-333-08269-0 ISBN 978-1-349-15236-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15236-0 MACMILLAN AND COMPANY LIMITED Little EsBex Street London WC2 also Bombay Calcutta Madras Melbourne THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED 70 Bond Street Toronto 2 ST MARTIN'S PRESS INC 176 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10010 Library of CongreBB Catalog Card number: 67-15778 TO GERALD PALMER AND TO HIS MOTHER I DEDICATE THIS BOOK WITH GRATITUDE AND AFFECTION CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE REISSUE ix BmLIOGRAPHICAL NoTE TO THE REISSUE X'V PART I: TANNENBERG AND PLESS 1 PART II: KREUZNACH AND SPA • 77 PART III: WEIMAR AND NEUDECK 225 INDEX 477 Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS President von Hindenburg frontispiece Jollou·iny pn(Je 270 Hammering Nails into the Wooden Statue Hindenburg with Wounded Men on his 70th birthday, October 2nd, 1917 The Wooden Statue in the Siegesallee, Berlin Hindenburg at Spa, June -
Prologue: Weimar Society in Retrospect
1 Prologue: Weimar Society in Retrospect GUNTER W. REMMLING The social system of Heimar Germany has always been controversial. From the start 1leimar society was c;laracterized by a peculiar fluidity: between 1913 and 1933, the German Reich, commonly referred to as the \Veimar Republic, v1as a virtual laboratory of sociocultural experimentation. In the streets of German ·towns and cities, political armies competed for followers--a orocess punctuated by assassinations and advertised by street battles embroiling monarchists, imperial militarists, nihilistic war veterans, Communists, Socialists, anarchists, and National Socialists. Parliamentary activity involved about twenty-five political parties whose shifting alliances produced twenty governmental cabinets with an average lifespan of less than nine months. The political circus performed in an economic crazy house: the hungry post\var years skidded into an inflationary period during which the German mark--valued before the war at 4.2 per dollar--plummeted to the value of 4.2 billioa to the dollar. At this point, in November 1923, individuals paid a billion marks to send a letter abroad and the German Republic verged on complete financial bankruptcy and political disintegration. An era of political and econouic reconstruction began in 1924; by 1929 Germany had become the leading industrial power on the European continent. The Great DeDression, announced by the crash of the New York Stock Sxchange in October 1929, brought the ~eimar Republic to the brink of disaster: by the end of 1932, nearly half of the German labor force was unemployed. Hany jobless men provoked arrest, seeking shelter and food in prison, others swelled the ranks of the Red Front and, ominously, those of l!itler's Storm Troops. -
German Timeline for 1933 and 1934
Dear Church, During yesterday's sermon, I was unable to share with you (due to time constraints) the entire timeline of events in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1934 that show how quickly things changed for the German people, and especially the Jews, once Hitler came into power. The purpose of this was to help draw some parallels between the rapid demise of the rule of law in our nation and that of the Third Reich. And as you can see, the parallels are striking. But these parallels or the problems we see on the horizon are not to elicit fear in the heart of any believer. We serve a mighty God who has everything under control and nothing happens outside of His permissive will (Psalm 115:3). Yet it does serve to allow us to not be caught by surprise by how quickly our world may soon unravel as our Lord prepares for His return. As I shared yesterday, Proverbs 22:3 (and 27:12), contrast the actions of two types of people when troubling times inevitably come. They are the prudent and the simple, or foolish. A prudent man foresees evil and hides himself, but the simple pass on and are punished. So let us prepare our hearts to cling closer to Him regardless of what long-overdue judgment may befall our nation. And let us learn how to prepare our faith for whatever may come, as a faith prepper, together. In other words, we need to learn to be the prudent man and not the simple one. -
Kurt) Papers Coll 456
MSS LOEB (KURT) PAPERS COLL 456 Official correspondence and personal letters of Otto Meissner (1880-1953), head of the Office of the Reich President during the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and at the beginning of the Nazi era under Adolf Hitler. Dates: 1939-1942. Presented to the Library by Kurt Loeb, a Canadian soldier who served in Berlin at the end of the Second World War, in August 2005. Material includes birthday greetings sent to other Nazi party officials, invitations to Meissner to attend parades and other gala events, letters received sent by German citizens with suggestions and requests for Meissner, notes accompanying gifts sent to Meissner by various citizens and companies. Extent: 2 boxes. 131 folders. Box 1 (1939-40). Box 2 (1941-42). BIOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND Meissner was born in Alsace, where he began his career in the German Railroad Administration. He studied in Strasbourg, Berlin and Erlangen, Bavaria, where he earned his Doctor of Laws in 1908. Between 1915 and 1917 he participated in the First World War in an infantry regiment. After the war he served in Kiev as a German business agent for the military government of the Ukraine. In 1919 Meissner became "Acting Advisor in the Bureau of the Reich President" and by 1923 he was named State Secretary. In 1937 Meissner was appointed to the position Reich Minister, with the title "State Minister of the Rank of a Reich Minister and Chief of the Presidential Chancellery of the Führer and Reich Chancellor." After the war he served as a witness in the Nuremberg Trials, and also faced charges in other trials, of which he was ultimately acquitted.