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Nomenclature of Amphiboles American Mineralogist, 63, Greenland) zAmerican Mineralogist, Volume 82, pages 1019-1037, 1997 Nomenclatureof amphiboles:Report of the Subcommitteeon Amphibolesof the International Mineralogical Association,Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names BnnN.q.nnE. Lrlrntt (Crumnanr),Ar-aN R. Woor-r-nv(Sncnnrlnv)r2 Crunr-BsE.S. Anrs,xf Wrr-r,rlrrD. BmcH,x$M. Cnanr,BsGrr-nrnrrll Jonr, D. Gnrcnrs# FnlNr C. H.q,wrHoRNEr4Arrnl Karort HeNaN J. Krscnru Vr,.a.rrnrrnG. KnrvovrcHEvrTKnns LrNrHourrs Jo L,lrnure Josnpn A. MlNnaRrNor*'xx War-rnn V. MannscHrr0ERNEST H. NrcrElrttx Nrcnor-as M.S. Rocrrft JonN C. ScnurmcHERrrrDlvru C. Svrrrnr$$Nrcr C.N. SrnpHENSoNrr2 LucrlNo Uuc.lnnrurllll Enrc J.W. WnrrrAKERrl3.lNoGuo Youznrl{ 'Departmentof Geology and Applied Geology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U K 'zDepartmentof Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. rMineral SciencesDivision, CanadianMuseum of Nature, PO. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada aDepaftmentof Earth Sciences,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada 5Departmentof Geology, Natural ScienceMuseum, 2-23-7 Hyakanin-cho,Shinjuka, Tokyo 160, Japan 6Departmentof Geology and Mineralogy, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, PO. Box 653, Israel ?Facultyof Geology, St PetersburgUniversity, University Em.719, 199034, St. Petersburg,Russra EDepartmentof Ore Geology, Petrology and Mineralogy, Institute of Earth Sciences,Free University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands eDepartmentof Earth Sciences,College of Engineering and Physical Sciences,University of New Hampshire, Durham,New Hampshire03824, U.S.A. 'olnstitutefor Mineralogy, WestfalischeWilhelms, University of Mtinster, Correnstrasse24, D4400 Miinster, Germany 'llnstitut fiir Mineralogie-Petrologie-Geochemieder Albert-Ludwigs Universitiit Freiburg, Albertstrasse23b, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany r2Departmentof Geology and Geophysics,University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia "60 Exeter Road, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 zDZ, U K raCentralLaboratory, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resourcesof Hunnan Province, Dashiba, Kunming, China Ansrnncr The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised to simplify it, make it more consistentwith divisions generally at 5OVo,define prefixes and modifiers more precisely, and include new amphibole speciesdiscovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved. The same reference axes form the basis of the new schemeand most namesare little changed,but compound species nameslike tremolitic hornblende (now magnesiohornblende)are abolished,as are crossite (now glaucophaneor ferroglaucophaneor magnesioriebeckiteor riebeckite), tirodite (now manganocummingtonite),and dannemorite (now manganogrunerite).The 50% rule has been broken only to retain tremolite and actinolite as in the 1978 scheme;the sodic-calcic amphibole range has therefore been expanded.Alkali amphiboles are now sodic amphi- boles. The use of hyphens is defined. New amphibole names approved since 1978 include nybriite, leakeite, kornite, ungarettiite, sadanagaite,and cannilloite. All abandonednames are listed. The formulae and source of the amphibole end-membernames are listed and proceduresoutlined to calculate Fe3* and Fe2* where not determined by analysis. * Indicates a non-voting official of the CNMMN. ** Canada;retired December 1994. f E-mail address:[email protected] tt Australia. f The Netherlands:retired December 1994. *f Australia; died February 1992. $ Australia;from January1995. gg France;resigned 1994 ll U S.A.; resigned1994. llllItaly; resignedApril 1993. # Canada;non-voting official since January 1995. 0003-004x/97l09 10-1 0 r 9$05.00 1019 1020 LEAKE ET AL.: AMPHIBOLE NOMENCLATURE InrnonucrroN names, such as crossite. End-member formulae defined generally This report was produced in responseto a motion at and approvedin IMA 78 are retained,although the IMA 1986 meeting in Stanford, California, asking the the ranges to which they apply have commonly been Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names changed.Information on the etymology, the type locality, parameters pro- (CNMMN) to produce a more simplified amphibole no- and the unit-cell of thirty end-membersis menclature than that currently approved, which dates vided in Appendix 1. from 1978. The 1978 nomenclature(IMA 78) took over The principal reference axes of IMA 78, namely Si, 13 years to formulate; a quicker responsewas attempted Nau, and (Na + K)" (see below), are retained, but the this time. primary divisions between the calcic, sodic-calcic, and To ensurea fresh look at the nomenclaturescheme the alkali (renamedsodic) amphiboleshave been adjustedto ( = Chairman of the Amphibole Subcommittee,B.E. Leake, divisions at Na" 0.50 and Na" 1.50,instead of Nau > with the agreementof the CNMMN officials, completely < 0.61 and Nau 1.34. (Here, and elsewherein this reconstitutedthe committee so that (1) representationwas report, concentrationsare expressedin atoms per formula more international; (2) more than 80Vo of the voting unit of the standard formula of an amphibole given be- membersof the committee were not membersof the com- low.) Previously, the amphibole "box" was divided into mittee that produced the 1978 report; in addition, none three equal volumes with respectto Na". The new scheme of the CNMMN officials was on the 1978 committee; (3) enlargesthe sodic-calcic amphibolesat the expenseofthe three memberswere retained from the 1978 committee to calcic and sodic amphiboles(Fig. 1) to make the divisions ensure that there was some continuity and collective at 50%opositions. memory of the main problems that had been dealt with As with the 1978 scheme,the problem of what to do previously; (4) representationincluded the principal pro- with analysesin which only the total Fe is known (and poser to the CNMMN of an improved schemeof nomen- not its division into FeO and FerO.) has been left to in- clature; and (5) representation was sought across the dividual judgement, although a recommendedprocedure various fields concerned with amphibole nomenclature, is given. This means that again an analysis may yield from crystal chemists, metamorphic and igneous petrol- different names depending on the procedure used to es- ogists to computer experts and ordinary broad-basedpe- timate Fe3* and Fe2*. It clearly would be advantageous, trologists. There were 18 voting memberswhen the major for purposes of naming an amphibole, if the recommend- framework of the revised schemewas approved. ed procedure were followed even if other procedures The committee circulated over 1000 pages over nine were used for other purposes. years and consideredin detail all proposals made to it. General works dealing with the amphiboles include Views were expressedthat, becausethe amphibolesystem Deer et al. (1963,1997),Ernst (1968),Chukhrov (1981), is so complicated, adequate representation cannot be Veblen (1981), Veblen and Ribbe (1982), and Anthony et made with two- and three-dimensionaldiagrams, whereas al. (1995), from which adequategeneral background sum- four variables can representthe system adequately.How- mariescan be obtained. ever, the committee, by a very large majority, wanted to retain conventional nomenclaturediagrams becausethey GnNBn-q.LcLASsrFrcATroN oF THE AMpHIBoLES are easier for most scientiststo use. The committee con- As with the IMA 78 scheme,the proposed nomencla- sidereda range of different schemesof nomenclature,but ture is based on chemistry and crystal symmetry; where none was judged overall to be sufficiently justify better to it is necessaryto distinguish different polytypes or poly- abandoning the main basis of IMA 78, which has been morphs, this may be done by adding the space group widely acceptedand is capable of simplification to pro- symbol as suffix. Anthophyllite with Pnmn symmetry (as vide an improved scheme. It must be remembered that distinct from the more usual Pnma symmetry) may be over 95Vo of all amphibole analyses are currently ob- prefixed proto. tained by electron microprobe, with no structural infor- The classification is based on the chemical contents of mation, no knowledge of the oxidation statesof Fe, Ti, the standard amphibole formula AB2vIC.IvT8Orr(OH)r.It Mn, the HrO content, or how the site populations are is to be noted, however, that possessionof this formula derived. What follows is a schemeof nomenclature, not does not define an amphibole. An amphibole must have one to determine at which position the ions really are a structurebased on a double silicate chain: A biopyribole located. consisting of equal numbersof pyroxene chains and triple The proposedscheme involves reducing the number of chains would have this formula but would not be an subdivisions,especially in the calcic amphiboles,making amphibole. the divisions generally follow the 50Vo rule (whereas The components of the formula conventionally de- IMA 78 usesdivisions at 90, 70,66,50, 33, 30, and lOVo) scribed as A, B, C, T and "OH" correspondto the fol- and making the use of adjectival modifiers (additional to lowing crystallographicsites: prefixes that are part of the basic names) optional. The new schemehas over 20 fewer names than IMA 78 and A one site per formula unit; involves the abolition of only a few commonlv used B two M4 sites per formula unit; LEAKE ET AL: AMPHIBOLE NOMENCLATURE t021 NaNa2(LaM)Si8022(OH)2 NaNa2(kM2)Si7Al022(OH)2 Eckermannite Nyboite NaNa2(LMa)S'5A13O22(OH)2 1.00 (Na+K)o l\4agnesio-arfvedsonite Fetric-nyboite
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