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Ferro-Papikeite, Ideally Nafe 2(Fe 3Al2)(Si5al3)O22(OH)2, a New Orthorhombic Amphibole

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Ferro-Papikeite, Ideally Nafe 2(Fe 3Al2)(Si5al3)O22(OH)2, a New Orthorhombic Amphibole This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7877. http://www.minsocam.org/ 1 Revision #1 2 3 2+ 2+ 4 Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe 2(Fe 3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, a new orthorhombic amphibole 5 from Nordmark (Western Bergslagen), Sweden: Description and crystal structure 6 7 1, 1 1 2 8 FRANK C. HAWTHORNE *, MAXWELL C. DAY , MOSTAFA FAYEK , KEES LINTHOUT , 2 3 9 WIM. J. LUSTENHOUWER , AND ROBERTA OBERTI 10 1 11 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada 2 12 Geology & Geochemistry Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 13 CNR-Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, sede secondaria di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 14 Pavia, Italy 15 16 * Email: [email protected] 17 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http:/www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7877. http://www.minsocam.org/ 18 ABSTRACT 2+ 2+ 19 Ferro-papikeite, ideally NaFe 2(Fe 3Al2)(Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, is a new mineral of the 20 amphibole supergroup from the Filipstad Municipality, Värmland County, Central Sweden, 21 where it occurs in a medium-grade felsic metavolcanic rock. Ferro-papikeite is pale brown with a 22 translucent lustre, has a colourless to very pale-brown streak and shows no fluorescence under 23 long-wave or short-wave ultraviolet light. Grains are subhedral, 0.4–3.0 mm in size, and show 24 well-developed {210} cleavage. It has a Mohs hardness of ~6 and is brittle with a splintery 25 fracture, has the characteristic perfect {210} cleavage of orthorhombic amphiboles, intersecting 3 26 at ~56°, and the calculated density is 3.488 g/cm . In transmitted plane-polarized light, ferro- 27 papikeite is moderately pleochroic X = very pale brown, Y = Z = honey brown; X < Y = Z. 28 Ferro-papikeite is biaxial (+), α = 1.674(2), β = 1.692(2), γ = 1.716(2), 2Vmeas = 86.2(9) and 29 2Vcalc = 88.3°, dispersion is r < v, weak. The orientation is: X || a, Y || b, Z || c. 30 Ferro-papikeite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 18.628(4), b = 17.888(4), c = 3 31 5.3035(11) Å, V = 1767.2(6) Å , Z = 4. The strongest ten X-ray diffraction lines in the powder 32 pattern are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.255(100)(210), 3.223(39)(440), 3.057(68)(610), 2.824(28)(251), 33 2.674(41)(351), 2.572(56)(161,621), 2.549(38)(202), 2.501(50)(261,451), 2.158(25)(502) and 34 1.991(31)(661). Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 36.50, Al2O3 22.24, TiO2 35 0.09, FeO 31.54, MnO 0.65, MgO 5.48, CaO 0.08, Na2O 2.35, F 0.22, H2Ocalc 1.85, O=F –0.09, 36 sum 100.91 wt%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O + OH + F) with (OH) = 2 3+ 37 apfu and Fe = 0.13 apfu (determined from the <M2–O> distance) is A B+C 2+ 2+ 3+ 4+ T 38 (Na0.70Ca0.01) (Mg1.25Fe 3.90Mn 0.08Al1.62Fe 0.13Ti 0.01)Σ6.99 (Si5.60Al2.40)Σ8O22 (OH1.89F0.11)2. 39 The crystal structure of ferro-papikeite was refined to an R-index of 3.60% using 2335 unique [4] 3+ 40 observed reflections collected with MoKa X-radiation. Al is ordered over the four T sites as 2 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http:/www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7877. http://www.minsocam.org/ [6] 3+ 2+ 41 follows: T1B > T1A > T2B >> T2a, Al is completely ordered at M2, and Fe is strongly + 42 ordered at M4. The A site is split with Na strongly ordered at A1. End-member ferro-papikeite is + 43 related to endmember gedrite, Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2, by the substitutions Na → , 2+ 3+ 4+ 44 Fe → Mg and Al → Si . The description of ferro-papikeite as a new species further 45 emphasizes the compositional similarities between the monoclinic calcium amphiboles and the 46 orthorhombic magnesium-iron-manganese amphiboles. 47 48 49 Keywords: Ferro-papikeite, new amphibole, electron-microprobe analysis, optical properties, 50 crystal-structure refinement, Bergslagen, Sweden 51 3 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http:/www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7877. http://www.minsocam.org/ 52 INTRODUCTION 53 The general chemical formula of the amphiboles may be written (Hawthorne and Oberti 54 2007) as 55 A B2 C5 T8 O22 W2 + + 2+ + 56 where A = Na , K , , Ca , Li ; + + 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 57 B = Na , Li , Ca , Mn , Fe , Mg ; 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 4+ + 58 C = Mg , Fe , Mn , Al , Fe , Mn , Ti , Li ; 4+ 3+ 4+ 59 T = Si , Al , Ti ; 2– 60 W = (OH), F, Cl, O . 61 Rabbitt (1948) reviewed all previous work on orthorhombic amphiboles and described 62 their composition as varying from Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 to Mg5Al2Si6Al2O22(OH)2. Robinson and 63 Jaffe (1969) and Robinson et al. (1971) showed that Na is an essential constituent of gedritic 64 amphiboles, and Papike and Ross (1970) refined the structures of two gedrites and located Na at 65 the A-site between the back-to-back ribbons of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedra. Robinson and Jaffe (1969) 66 and Ross et al. (1969) found that amphiboles intermediate in composition between anthophyllite 67 and gedrite are unmixed at the microscopic or submicroscopic scale along lamellae parallel to 68 (010), and Stout (1971) confirmed the presence of a solvus by finding coarse coexisting 69 orthorhombic amphiboles. Schindler et al. (2008) and Hawthorne et al. (2008) refined the crystal 70 structures of 25 anthophyllite-gedrite amphiboles mainly from amphibolite-facies rocks and 71 showed that their compositions closely follow the linear relation outlined by Robinson et al. 2+ 2+ 3+ 72 (1971) from ideal anthophyllite to the composition Na0.5M 2(M 3.5M 1.5)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 4+ 73 where M = Mg , Fe ; M = Al , Fe (Ti ). Only six of their compositions equaled or 74 exceeded 0.50 Na pfu (per formula unit) (maximum value = 0.56, mean value = 0.52 Na pfu). 4 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http:/www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7877. http://www.minsocam.org/ 75 When the current amphibole nomenclature scheme was developed (Hawthorne et al. 2012), 76 Pnma amphiboles with compositions greater than 0.5 Na pfu had not been approved by IMA- 77 CNMMN as distinct mineral species, and hence such compositions were assigned the temporary 78 names Rootname 1: NaMg2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 and Rootname 2: NaMg2(Mg3Al2) 79 (Si5Al3)O22(OH)2, to be replaced by suitable rootnames when submitted for approval. Berg 80 (1985) showed that Na may reach close to 1 apfu (atoms per formula unit) for compositions close [6] 3+ 81 to (Al + Fe + 2Ti) = 1 apfu, but there was no structural information on these compositions. 82 Linthout and Lustenhouwer (1996) reported subsilicic “sodium gedrite”, as classified under then 83 prevailing IMA rules (Leake 1978), an orthorhombic amphibole with a composition close to the 84 centre of the composition field of Rootname 2. This amphibole has now been characterized as a 85 new mineral species and has been named ferro-papikeite, the prefix “ferro-” being dictated by C 2+ C 2+ 86 the current amphibole nomenclature scheme as Fe > Mg . The rootname “papikeite” is after 87 James J. Papike, born February 11, 1937, in Eveleth, Minnesota, USA. Jim Papike is a prominent 88 America crystallographer and geochemist, one of the “fathers” of petrological crystal-chemistry 89 who did a lot of crystallographic work on amphiboles, and orthorhombic amphiboles in 90 particular, in the second half of the 1960s and the early 1970s, and whose work catalyzed 91 renewed interest in amphiboles at that time. Jim Papike is also well-known for his extensive 92 work on lunar petrology and geochemistry. 93 The new species and the new name have been approved by the International 94 Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification 95 (2020-021). Holotype material is deposited in the mineral collection of the Department of 96 Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada, 97 catalogue number M60100. 5 Always consult and cite the final, published document.
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