Participants Governing Board World Jewish Congress

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Participants Governing Board World Jewish Congress GOVERNING BOARD WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS Ashkelon, 24 September 2008 PARTICIPANTS DELEGATE Leah Aharonov - Israel Representative, Affiliated Organisations Cobi Benatoff - Italy Chair, WJC Policy Council Serge Berdugo - Morocco Small Communities, Europe - 2 Irwin E. Blank - USA Representative, USA - 3 Yaakov D. Bleich - Ukraine Delegate Matthew Bronfman - USA Chair, WJC Governing Board Alexander Bronstein - Russia WJC Vice-President Reuven Bulka - Canada Representative, Canada - 1 Chaim Chesler - Israel Chair, Commission on the FSU Mikhail Chlenov - Russia Regional Director, Euro-Asia Moty Cristal - Israel Representative, Affiliated Organisations Roger Cukierman - France WJC Vice-President Serge Cwajgenbaum - France Regional Director, Europe Jeffrey Daube - Israel Representative, USA - 2 Matityahu Droblas - Israel Representative, Israel - 1 Aba Dunner - United Kingdom Representative, Affiliated Organisations Betty Ehrenberg - USA Representative, USA - 4 Eduardo S. Elsztain - Argentina WJC Treasurer Claudio Epelman - Argentina Regional Director, Latin America Oded Eran - Israel Regional Director, Israel Bernie Farber - Canada Representative, Canada - 2 Péter Feldmájer - Hungary Representative, Hungary Shai Franklin - USA Regional Director, North America Saúl Gilvich - Uruguay Representative, Small Communities, Latin America - 1 Helena Glaser - Israel WJC Vice-President Carmen Godeanu - Israel Youth Delegate - 4 Robert M. Goot - Australia Representative, Australia Meyer Habib - France Representative, France - 2 Lior Herman - United Kingdom Youth Delegate - 1 Shai Hermesh - Israel Regional Chair, Israel Ariel Isaak - Argentina Representative, Argentina - 1 Zalli Jaffe - Israel Representative, USA - 1 Moshe Kantor - Russia Regional Chair, Europe David Kimche - Israel Chair, Israel Council on Foreign Relations Adam H. Koffler - USA Chair, WJDC Ronald S. Lauder - USA WJC President Sidney Lazarus - South Africa Representative, South Africa Yehiel Leket - Israel WJC Vice-President Leonid Levin - Belarus Representative, Belarus Claudio Lottenberg - Brazil Representative, Brazil - 2 Sumati Luvsandendev - Mongolia Representative, Small Communities, Euro-Asia - 2 Alexander Machkevitch - Kazakhstan Regional Chair, Euro-Asia John Malkinson - Belgium Director, Operations Isabella Nespoli - Belgium Director, Policy Council Yariv Nornberg - Israel Youth Delegate - 3 Silvyo Ovadya - Turkey Small Communities, Europe - 1 Mordechai Palzur - Israel Chair, WJC Institute Richard Prasquier - France Representative, France - 1 Chaim Reiss - USA Director, Finance and Administartion Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 7 Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 2 Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 3 Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 6 Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 5 Representative - Israel Representative, Israel - 4 Peleg Reshef - Israel Director, Future Generations Activities Ariel Rodal - Israel Youth Delegate - 2 Moshe Ronen - Canada WJC Vice-President Alex Rutman - Latvia Small Communities, Europe - 3 Michael Schneider - USA WJC Secretary General Mikhail Scoblionok - Russia Representative, Russia - 1 Tamar Shchory - Israel Representative, Affiliated Organisations Boris Shpigel - Russia Representative, Russia - 2 Henry Sobel - Brazil Representative, Small Communities, Latin America - 2 Luiz Sérgio Steinecke - Brazil Representative, Brazil - 1 Maram Stern - Belgium Honorary WJC Vice-President Kalman Sultanik - USA WJC Vice President Albert Talegawkar - India Representative, Small Communities, Euro-Asia - 3 Jack Terpins - Brazil Regional Chair, Latin America Daniel Turk - Japan Representative, Small Communities, Euro-Asia - 1 Laurence Weinbaum - Israel Director, WJC Institute Sara Winkowski - Uruguay WJC Vice-President Josef Zissels - Ukraine Delegate OBSERVER Mordechai Arbell - Israel Observer Menachem Ariav - Israel Observer Iéte Arruda Salomé - Brazil Observer Yaakov Ashery - Israel Observer Asher Aud - Israel Observer Shalom Avisrur - Israel Observer Tami Barak - Israel Observer Victoria Benatoff - Italy Observer Yonatan Ben-Dor - Kazakhstan Observer Yoav Blum - Israel Observer Erzsébet Botka - Hungary Observer Eli Bronstein - Israel Observer Sandra Cahn - USA Observer Matvey Chlenov - Russia Observer Chmelnitsky - Brazil Observer Henry S. Chmelnitsky - Brazil Observer Chanan Cohen - Israel Observer Ira Dashevsky - Israel Observer Arie Fainstein - Israel Observer Igor Fedorov - Russia Observer Lior Gabay - Israel Observer Viktor Gaft - Russia Observer Leonid Gandelmann - Russia Observer David Godovsky - Israel Observer Boris Gorelik - Russia Observer Emmanuil Grinshpun - Moldova Observer Shmuel Hadas - Israel Observer Amir Halevi - Israel Observer Shmuel Halpert - Israel Observer Herbert Juli - USA Observer Asaf Kaniel - Israel Observer Tatiana Karasova - Russia Observer Faina Kirschenbaum - Israel Observer Gregory Kotler - Israel Observer Alex Kreindlin - Israel Observer Bernhard Lazarus - Israel Observer Moshe Leshem - Israel Observer Léo Levitan - Brazil Observer Leon Lipsicas - Israel Observer David Maimon - Israel Observer Yakov Margi - Israel Observer Svetlana Nimkov - Russia Observer Fedor Ossinin - Kazakhstan Observer Zvi Ramot - Israel Observer Yuri Raskin - Russia Observer Liat Ravner - Israel Observer Larisa Ryabchenko - Russia Observer Steve Schneier - Israel Observer Mark Shabad - Russia Observer Efi Shtenzler - Israel Observer Yoav Sivan - Israel Observer Amanda Sobel - Brazil Observer Roman Spektor - Russia Observer Simone Steinecke Prist - Brazil Observer Yitzchak Stiglitz - Israel Observer Ida Sztamfater - Brazil Observer Pavel Tsourkov - Russia Observer Avi Widerman - Israel Observer Einat Wilf - Israel Observer Ygal Zahor - Israel Observer Aharon Zaritzky - Israel Observer Rina Zaslavsky - Israel Observer Yuri Zelvensky - Russia Observer STAFF Avi Barouh - Bulgaria Staff Hana Kimchi - Israel Staff Hella Moritz - USA Staff Natasha Schmidt - Russia Staff Yvette Shumacher - Israel Staff Updated: 19 September 2008.
Recommended publications
  • List of Participants
    JUNE 26–30, Prague • Andrzej Kremer, Delegation of Poland, Poland List of Participants • Andrzej Relidzynski, Delegation of Poland, Poland • Angeles Gutiérrez, Delegation of Spain, Spain • Aba Dunner, Conference of European Rabbis, • Angelika Enderlein, Bundesamt für zentrale United Kingdom Dienste und offene Vermögensfragen, Germany • Abraham Biderman, Delegation of USA, USA • Anghel Daniel, Delegation of Romania, Romania • Adam Brown, Kaldi Foundation, USA • Ann Lewis, Delegation of USA, USA • Adrianus Van den Berg, Delegation of • Anna Janištinová, Czech Republic the Netherlands, The Netherlands • Anna Lehmann, Commission for Looted Art in • Agnes Peresztegi, Commission for Art Recovery, Europe, Germany Hungary • Anna Rubin, Delegation of USA, USA • Aharon Mor, Delegation of Israel, Israel • Anne Georgeon-Liskenne, Direction des • Achilleas Antoniades, Delegation of Cyprus, Cyprus Archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères et • Aino Lepik von Wirén, Delegation of Estonia, européennes, France Estonia • Anne Rees, Delegation of United Kingdom, United • Alain Goldschläger, Delegation of Canada, Canada Kingdom • Alberto Senderey, American Jewish Joint • Anne Webber, Commission for Looted Art in Europe, Distribution Committee, Argentina United Kingdom • Aleksandar Heina, Delegation of Croatia, Croatia • Anne-Marie Revcolevschi, Delegation of France, • Aleksandar Necak, Federation of Jewish France Communities in Serbia, Serbia • Arda Scholte, Delegation of the Netherlands, The • Aleksandar Pejovic, Delegation of Monetenegro, Netherlands
    [Show full text]
  • Israel: Growing Pains at 60
    Viewpoints Special Edition Israel: Growing Pains at 60 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org The maps on pages 96-103 are copyright The Foundation for Middle East Peace. Our thanks to the Foundation for graciously allowing the inclusion of the maps in this publication. Cover photo in the top row, middle is © Tom Spender/IRIN, as is the photo in the bottom row, extreme left.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Does Israel Support the Kurdish Independence? Publish Date: 01/10/2017
    Artical Name : Isolating Threats Artical Subject : Why does Israel Support the Kurdish Independence? Publish Date: 01/10/2017 Auther Name: Mona Soliman Subject : 9/30/2021 3:40:09 PM 1 / 2 The statement of the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, issued supporting the independence of the Kurdistan region, revealed that the Israeli position runs contrary to most regional and international powers opposing the referendum. Tel Aviv seeks to use Iraqi Kurdistan to pressure Iran, incite the Kurds in Iran, Syria and Turkey to secede and create a geographical buffer zone against Iran. The Israeli stance is inseparable from the history of close cooperation between Israel and Iraqi Kurds.Secession¶s SponsorshipThere are several indicators, which demonstrate Israel¶s support for the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan: 1. Official statements: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu voiced, more than once, his support for the secession of Iraqi Kurdistan from Iraq and the creation of a Kurdish State in the North of the country. In a speech in 2014 at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv, Netanyahu called the Kurds ³a nation of fighters [who] have proved political commitment and are worthy of independence´a statement that angered Baghdad at that time. He also reaffirmed his stance during a meeting with a delegation from the US Congress, on August 13, 2017, stressing that he backs Iraqi Kurdistan¶s independence from Iraq, because the Kurdish people are brave and loyal to the West, as well as they share the same values with Israel. On the other hand, the Kurds cheered those remarks by raising the Israeli flag during their demonstrations in favor of independence in Erbil and several European capitals, where there are Kurdish communities such as Paris, Brussels and Berlin.In addition, several Israeli politicians declared their support for the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan from Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Involvement in Central America Nothing New Deborah Tyroler
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 2-4-1987 Israeli Involvement In Central America Nothing New Deborah Tyroler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Tyroler, Deborah. "Israeli Involvement In Central America Nothing New." (1987). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/395 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 077181 ISSN: 1089-1560 Israeli Involvement In Central America Nothing New by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Wednesday, February 4, 1987 * For the majority of Americans Irangate provided the first hint of Israeli military involvement with the contras. However, Israel's support of reactionary governments and other groups in Central America is nothing new. That nation has provided arms to the military, advice and training to police forces, and sophisticated counter-insurgency techniques to Central American dictatorships for at least 30 years. Israel has not broadcast its role in Central America, nor has the mainstream US media considered Tel Aviv's actions in the region worthy of consistent coverage. Torn between gaining the good will of the American right-wing, on the one hand, and with offending liberals, on the other, Israel has opted for a low profile. In part, Tel Aviv's reaction to the Iran-contragate revelations stems from fear that the full story of Israel's role in Central America will become widely known.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010
    Description of document: Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010 Requested date: 13-May-2010 Released date: 03-December-2010 Posted date: 09-May-2011 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Officer Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL US Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Notes: This index lists documents the State Department has released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) The number in the right-most column on the released pages indicates the number of microfiche sheets available for each topic/request The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.
    [Show full text]
  • Noam Chomsky: Turning the Tide
    NOAM CHOMSKY TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace ESSENTIAL CLASSICS IN POLITICS: NOAM CHOMSKY EB 0007 ISBN 0 7453 1345 0 London 1999 The Electric Book Company Ltd Pluto Press Ltd 20 Cambridge Drive 345 Archway Rd London SE12 8AJ, UK London N6 5AA, UK www.elecbook.com www.plutobooks.com © Noam Chomsky 1999 Limited printing and text selection allowed for individual use only. All other reproduction, whether by printing or electronically or by any other means, is expressly forbidden without the prior permission of the publishers. This file may only be used as part of the CD on which it was first issued. TURNING THE TIDE US Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace Noam Chomsky 4 Copyright 1985 by Noam Chomsky Manufactured in the USA Production at South End Press, Boston Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Chomsky, Noam Turning the tide. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Central America—Politics and government—1979- . 2. Violence—Central America—History—20th century. 3. Civil rights—Central America—History—20th century. 4. Central America—Foreign relations—United States. 5. United States— Foreign relations—Central America. I. Title F1 436. 8. U6 1985 327. 728073 ISBN: 0-7453-0184-3 Digital processing by The Electric Book Company 20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK www.elecbook.com Classics in Politics: Turning the Tide Noam Chomsky 5 Contents Click on number to go to page Introduction................................................................................. 8 1. Free World Vignettes .............................................................. 11 1. The Miseries of Traditional Life.............................................. 15 2. Challenge and Response: Nicaragua......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Israel and Turkey: from Covert to Overt Relations
    Israel and Turkey: From Covert to Overt Relations by Jacob Abadi INTRODUCTION Diplomatic relations between Israel and Turkey have existed since the Jewish state came into being in 1948, however, they have remained covert until recently. Contacts between the two countries have continued despite Turkey's condemnation of Israel in the UN and other official bodies. Frequent statements made by Turkish officials regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Palestinian dilemma give the impression that Turco-Israeli relations have been far more hostile than is actually the case. Such an image is quite misleading, for throughout the years political, commercial, cultural and even military contacts have been maintained between the two countries. The purpose of this article is to show the extent of cooperation between the two countries and to demonstrate how domestic as well as external constraints have affected the diplomatic ties between them. It will be argued that during the first forty years of Israel's existence relations between the two countries remained cordial. Both sides kept a low profile and did not reveal the nature of these ties. It was only toward the end of the 1980s, when the international political climate underwent a major upheaval, that the ties between the two countries became official and overt. Whereas relations with Israel constituted a major problem in Turkish diplomacy, Israeli foreign policy was relatively free from hesitations and constraints. For Israeli foreign policy makers it was always desirable to establish normal relations with Turkey, whose location on the periphery of the Middle East gave it great strategic importance.
    [Show full text]
  • United States: National Affairs, Anti-Semitism
    United States National Affairs TheBush administration began the year buoyed by the results of the November 2004 elections: the president's decisive reelection and a strong Republican showing in the congressional races in which the party, already in control of both houses, gained four seats in the Senate and three in the House. The president promised to spend the "political capi- tal" he had earned on an agenda that included Social Security reform, tax cuts, and the continuation of an aggressive global war on terror. The organized Jewish community, meanwhile, geared up for another four years of an administration strongly allied with most Jews on Israel's defense needs, defiantly committed to an increasingly complicated and controversial war in Iraq, and diverging sharply from the majority of American Jews on many domestic issues. THE POLITICAL ARENA olected President Ldent Bush won immediate praise from Jewish leaders for his intment of Judge Michael Chertoff, the son of a rabbi, as secretary meland security. Chertoff had been a widely respected prosecutor hen chief of the Justice Department's criminal division before be- a judge on the Third Circuit of the U.S. Court ofAppeals. He jominated for his new post on January 11 and confirmed by the e on February 15. Another appointment of a prominent Jew was )f Elliott Abrams, who had held a variety of government positions, deputy assistant to the president and deputy national security )ther presidential appointments were generally applauded by the ommunity. Condoleezza Rice, seen as a friend of Israel, moved ional security advisor to secretary of state.
    [Show full text]
  • Camp David's Shadow
    Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Seth Anziska All rights reserved ABSTRACT Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska This dissertation examines the emergence of the 1978 Camp David Accords and the consequences for Israel, the Palestinians, and the wider Middle East. Utilizing archival sources and oral history interviews from across Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, the United States, and the United Kingdom, Camp David’s Shadow recasts the early history of the peace process. It explains how a comprehensive settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict with provisions for a resolution of the Palestinian question gave way to the facilitation of bilateral peace between Egypt and Israel. As recently declassified sources reveal, the completion of the Camp David Accords—via intensive American efforts— actually enabled Israeli expansion across the Green Line, undermining the possibility of Palestinian sovereignty in the occupied territories. By examining how both the concept and diplomatic practice of autonomy were utilized to address the Palestinian question, and the implications of the subsequent Israeli and U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, the dissertation explains how and why the Camp David process and its aftermath adversely shaped the prospects of a negotiated settlement between Israelis and Palestinians in the 1990s. In linking the developments of the late 1970s and 1980s with the Madrid Conference and Oslo Accords in the decade that followed, the dissertation charts the role played by American, Middle Eastern, international, and domestic actors in curtailing the possibility of Palestinian self-determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Articles Fifty Years of Holocaust Compensation
    Special Articles Fifty Years of Holocaust Compensation BY MARILYN HENRY THE CLOSE OF THE 20th century, a dramatic juncture of legal, political, moral, and economic pressures culminated in agreements that led to the greatest amounts of compensation for victims of Nazi persecution since the original German compensa- tion programs of the 1950s. They came with demands and pleas to "secure a measure of justice" for the surviving victims. "For these victims, the approach of a new millennium takes on a uniquely poignant significance. We must not enter a new millennium— when the issues of today will begin to become ancient history— without completing the work before us," said Stuart Eizenstat, un- dersecretary of state and the Clinton administration's point man on restitution. "We must not enter a new century without com- pleting the unfinished business of this century. We have a collec- tive responsibility to leave this century having spared no effort to establish the truth and to do justice."1 There seemed to be no shortage of efforts. In the late 1990s, there was an unprecedented series of interrelated and often com- peting negotiations, audits, class-action lawsuits, and interna- tional commissions. They entangled governments, courts, lawyers, survivors' organizations, historians, nongovernmental organiza- tions, agencies and institutions in a dozen countries, members of Congress, and national, state, and local regulators and public fi- nance officers. There was a flurry of announcements, beginning in August 1998, that Nazi victims—primarily Jews—were ex- pected to receive billions of dollars in settlements of claims from German, Austrian, Swiss, and French governments and enter- prises.
    [Show full text]
  • David Kimche Dies; Israeli Spy Involved in Iran-Contra Scandal
    3/10/2010 David Kimche dies; Israeli spy involve… Sign In | Register Now TODAY'S NEWSPAPER Subscribe | Pos tPoints NEWS POLITICS OPINIONS BUSINESS LOCAL SPORTS ARTS & LIVING GOING OUT GUIDE JOBS CARS REAL ESTATE RENTALS CLASSIFIEDS SEARCH: | Search Archives Latest Entry: The Daily Goodbye Washington Post staff w riters offer a w indow into the art of obituary w riting, the culture of death, and more about the end of the story. Re ad m or e | What is this blog? More From the Obits Section: Search the Archives | RSS Feed | Submit an Obituary | Twitter David Kimche, 82 David Kimche dies; Israeli spy involved in Iran-contra scandal By Patricia Sullivan Wednesday, March 10, 2010 David Kimche, 82, the Israeli spymaster-turned-diplomat who engineered the swap of American hostages in Lebanon for arms to Iran, touching off what became the Iran- contra scandal of the 1980s, died March 8 of brain cancer at his home in Israel. Former Israeli official David Kimche in 1987 as he left the Federal Mr. Kimche, a top foreign ministry Courthouse in Washington. (Darrel Ellis/the Washington Post) official and former deputy director Buy Photo of Israel's Mossad intelligence service, told U.S. national security adviser Robert C. TOOLBOX "Bud" McFarlane in a 1985 meeting that more than a Resize Print E- m ail dozen Americans held by the terrorist group Hezbollah Yahoo! Buzz in Lebanon could be freed if the U.S. agreed to pick them up. No strings were attached to the initial offer, but Mr. WHO'S BLOGGING Kimche's Iranian intermediary soon upped the ante, » Links to this article demanding that the Americans provide 100 antitank Sponsored Links missiles in trade for the hostages, who had been individually seized over the previous three years.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDERSTANDING POWER the INDISPENSABLE CHOMSKY Edited by Peter R
    THE FOOTNOTES FOR: UNDERSTANDING POWER THE INDISPENSABLE CHOMSKY Edited by Peter R. Mitchell and John Schoeffel. Preface 1. For George Bush's statement, see "Bush's Remarks to the Nation on the Terrorist Attacks," New York Times, September 12, 2001, p. A4. For the quoted analysis from the New York Times's first "Week in Review" section following the September 11th attacks, see Serge Schmemann, "War Zone: What Would ‘Victory’ Mean?," New York Times, September 16, 2001, section 4, p. 1. Understanding Power: Preface Footnote Chapter One Weekend Teach-In: Opening Session 1. On Kennedy's fraudulent "missile gap" and major escalation of the arms race, see for example, Fred Kaplan, Wizards of Armageddon, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983, chs. 16, 19 and 20; Desmond Ball, Politics and Force Levels: The Strategic Missile Program of the Kennedy Administration, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, ch. 2. On Reagan's fraudulent "window of vulnerability" and "military spending gap" and the massive military buildup during his first administration, see for example, Jeff McMahan, Reagan and the World: Imperial Policy in the New Cold War, New York: Monthly Review, 1985, chs. 2 and 3; Franklyn Holzman, "Politics and Guesswork: C.I.A. and D.I.A. estimates of Soviet Military Spending," International Security, Fall 1989, pp. 101-131; Franklyn Holzman, "The C.I.A.'s Military Spending Estimates: Deceit and Its Costs," Challenge, May/June 1992, pp. 28-39; Report of the President's Commission on Strategic Forces, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1983, especially pp. 7-8, 17, and Brent Scowcroft, "Final Report of the President's Commission on Strategic Forces," Atlantic Community Quarterly, Vol.
    [Show full text]