DOCSLIB.ORG

'Charming Science' Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Charming Science' Of Durham E-Theses The Charming Science of the Other: The cultural analysis of the scientic search for life beyond earth CAPOVA, KLARA,ANNA How to cite: CAPOVA, KLARA,ANNA (2013) The Charming Science of the Other: The cultural analysis of the scientic search for life beyond earth, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8516/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The Charming Science of the Other The cultural analysis of the scientific search for life beyond earth by Klara Anna Capova Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology Durham University October 2013 Abstract This dissertation presents the cultural study of scientific search for extraterrestrial life conducted over the past sixty years by the scientific community. It introduces an original piece of research that conceptualises the extraterrestrial life hypothesis as a significant part of the general world-view, constantly shaped by the work and discoveries of science. It sheds light on the ways in which alien life is imagined and theorised and presents its concept in both the scientific community and in popular culture. Drawing from anthropology of science it offers elaboration of ‘culture of science’ and ‘scientific culture’ and describes the scientific search for other life as a specific culture of science, here referred to as ‘charming science’. The three scientific search methods: message sending, analysing of cosmic signals and the search for extrasolar planets are conceptualised as the three search modes: messaging, listening and exploring respectively. This work introduces the extraterrestrial ‘Other’ as a profoundly cultural concept, firstly presented as the missing subject of ‘charming science’. Exploration of public understanding the extraterrestrial life and popular imagination of the ‘Other’ is intended to introduce the scientific search in broader social context and address the role of science in contemporary Western world. The dissertation draws on the multi-sited and multi-method ethnographic fieldwork conducted over two years in the UK. The research methods included interviewing (semi-structured face-to-face interviews and interviews conducted via email), participation (conferences and scientific meetings), and data collection from the global ‘online’ community including social networks. Keywords: science, extraterrestrial life, three modes, messaging, listening, exploring, anthropology of science, cultural analysis, multi-method and multi-sited fieldwork, visual anthropology, popular culture, cultural formations, scientific practices, SETI, astrobiology, Other, cosmology, Western world, culture of science, scientific culture Table of Contents List of Illustrations ........................................................................................................ i List of Tables............................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................... v Statement of Copyright ............................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... vii Dedication ................................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1: In Search of the ‘Other’ .............................................................................. 1 1.1. The Big Questions ......................................................................................... 3 1.2. The Two Cultures .......................................................................................... 5 1.3. Anthropology and the Significant ‘Other’ ..................................................... 8 1.4. Western Science as the Significant ‘Other’ ................................................. 10 1.5. The Interchangeability of Western and Scientific Culture .......................... 13 1.6. Introducing the Two Cultures ...................................................................... 16 1.7. Anthropology of the “Thing” at Home ........................................................ 18 1.8. Crossing the Boundaries of Time and Space ............................................... 20 1.9. Research Background .................................................................................. 21 1.10. Making First Contact with the Culture of Science .................................. 24 1.10.a. Semi-Structured Interviews .................................................................... 25 1.10.b. Observation and Participation ................................................................ 28 1.10.c. Scientific Messages ................................................................................ 28 1.11. Reading, Seeing, and Hearing the Scientific ........................................... 29 1.11.a. Film and TV as Ethnographic Material .................................................. 31 1.11.b. Tag It Research Method ......................................................................... 34 1.11.c. The Importance of the Internet and Social Networks............................. 35 1.12. Limitations ............................................................................................... 36 1.13. Dissertation Outline ................................................................................. 37 Chapter 2: The Two Cultures of the ‘Other’ Introduced............................................ 38 2.1. The ‘Other’: A Working Hypothesis ........................................................... 39 2.2. What Does Society Think? .......................................................................... 44 2.3. What Do Scientists Think? .......................................................................... 45 2.4. The Cultures of Science as Milestones of Western World .......................... 48 2.5. Imagining the ‘Other’ (Science Fiction Enters the Scene) .......................... 56 2.5.a. Star Trek ............................................................................................... 60 2.5.b. Identifying the Unidentified Objects .................................................... 62 2.6. Joking about the ETs – Witty Narratives .................................................... 64 2.7. Introducing the Three Modes of Charming Science.................................... 67 2.8. Search for Extraterrestrial Life – as a Science and a Culture ...................... 70 Chapter 3: The Naive Science of Messaging ............................................................. 72 3.1. The Naive and ‘Charming Science’ of Messaging ...................................... 75 3.2. American Blueprint of Interstellar Communication .................................... 78 3.2.a. Pioneers ................................................................................................ 79 3.2.b. Arecibo Broadcast ................................................................................ 79 3.2.c. Voyager’s Golden Record .................................................................... 82 3.3. The Witnesses of the Past: Time Capsule ................................................... 84 3.4. Speaking With the Intelligent ‘Other’ ......................................................... 87 3.5. The Lingua Cosmica - The Calling of the ‘Other’ ...................................... 90 3.6. Lingua Franca: Bringing the Differences .................................................... 96 3.7. Encapsulated Meanings: The Story of Life ............................................... 102 3.8. From All Over the Earth: The Collection of Curiosities ........................... 104 3.9. Where No Science Has Gone Before ........................................................ 108 3.10. The Inscribed – Tattooed – Scientific Knowledge ................................ 113 3.11. Concluding Remarks.............................................................................. 115 Chapter 4: Listening to the Sounds of Silence ......................................................... 117 4.1. A Brief History of SETI ............................................................................ 119 4.2. SETI Institute@work ................................................................................. 122 4.3. Meeting the SETI ...................................................................................... 124 4.5. Engaging Public: SETI@home ................................................................. 129 4.4. The Big Ear of the Arecibo Radio Telescope ............................................ 132 4.6. SETI Post-Detection Protocols
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book Review1.Fm
    Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, Nr 9, 1695–1696 (2007) http://meteoritics.org Book Review Protostars and planets V, edited by Reipurth B, Jewitt D., and Keil K. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 2007, 1024 p., cloth (ISBN 978-0-8165-2654-3). Some thirty years ago, planetary science and the study of star formation were different scientific fields with different practitioners who rarely interacted with one another. Planetary scientists, mostly geochemists and geophysicists, resided in geology departments whereas star formation was the domain of astronomers. All this has changed starting with Tom Gehrels who organized the first Protostars and Planets conference in January 1978 in Tucson. In the book that followed this conference, which was edited by Gehrels, he expressed the hope “to develop the interface between studies of star formation and those of the origin of the solar system.” This hope has been fulfilled beyond expectations. The first volume has been followed by four more in intervals of about seven years. Each book was preceded by a conference. The Protostars and Planets V Conference took place at the Hilton Waikoloa Village on the Big Island of Hawai‘i on October 24–28, 2005. The subsequent book appeared early this year. As its forerunners, it is part of the University of Arizona The arrangement of the chapters roughly follows the Space Science Series, which is devoted to different aspects of inferred prehistory of our own solar system. In the dense core solar system science. of a molecular cloud, gravity overcomes thermal and The rapid growth of this new interdisciplinary field magnetic pressures, leading to the formation of a star, in most between astronomy and planetary science is demonstrated by case actually of a binary star system.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture-29 (PDF)
    Life in the Universe Orin Harris and Greg Anderson Department of Physics & Astronomy Northeastern Illinois University Spring 2021 c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 1 / 95 Overview Dating Rocks Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 2 / 95 Dating Rocks Zircon Dating Sedimentary Grand Canyon Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Dating Rocks Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 3 / 95 Zircon Dating Zircon, (ZrSiO4), minerals incorporate trace amounts of uranium but reject lead. Naturally occuring uranium: • U-238: 99.27% • U-235: 0.72% Decay chains: • 238U −→ 206Pb, τ =4.47 Gyrs. • 235U −→ 207Pb, τ = 704 Myrs. 1956, Clair Camron Patterson dated the Canyon Diablo meteorite: τ =4.55 Gyrs. c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 4 / 95 Dating Sedimentary Rocks • Relative ages: Deeper layers were deposited earlier • Absolute ages: Decay of radioactive isotopes old (deposited last) oldest (depositedolder first) c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 5 / 95 Grand Canyon: Earth History from 200 million - 2 billion yrs ago. Dating Rocks Life on Earth Earth History Timeline Late Heavy Bombardment Hadean Shark Bay Stromatolites Cyanobacteria Q: Earliest Fossils? Life on Earth O2 History Q: Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G.
    [Show full text]
  • ET First Extract
    May 2018 Evangelical TIMES 23 What is man (1): Are we alone in the universe? The first of three edited extracts from Edgar Andrews’ new book, What is Man? Adam, alien or ape? Prof Edgar Andrews It’s easy to confuse SETI with YETI because both relate to are more likely to swallow small bugs than little green men. the National Science Foundation, Ohio State University began creatures that probably don’t exist. The Yeti is a proverbial I should make it clear that the planet’s discoverers said constructing a radio observatory called ‘Big Ear’ — which beast that inhabits the Himalayas and walks upright like a nothing about bugs — that was an invention by the BBC. later undertook the world’s first continuous SETI program. human, but leaves huge footprints in the snow and strikes But their claim that Gliese 581c is a rocky planet like Earth On 15 August 1977, Jerry Ehman, a project volunteer at fear into the local populace. Related to America’s Bigfoot, it and has liquid water on its surface is itself based on a string the observatory, observed a strong signal and wrote ‘Wow!’ is sometimes called the Abominable Snowman (apparently of assumptions. on the recorded trace. Unsurprisingly known as the Wow! due to a mistranslation of its Nepalese name). An informed website respondent commented: ‘You must signal, some enthusiasts consider it the best candidate to date SETI, on the other hand, stands for ‘the search for extra- remember that neither the mass nor the radius of this planet for a cosmic radio signal from an artificial source.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future Ain't What It Used to Be
    NATURE|Vol 454|28 August 2008 OPINION the book features handy diagrams and refer- The future ain’t what it used to be ences to all the best twentieth-century sci-fi. The only trouble is that, by definition, science son of Carl Sagan who, aside from his work moves so quickly that some entries in the book Future Proof/You Call This the Future? as a cosmologist, also wrote some outstanding are already out of date. For example, Babak by Nick Sagan sci-fi, including Contact. The excellent film Parviz and his colleagues from the University with Mark Frary and Andy Walker version with Jodie Foster in the lead is one of of Washington in Seattle recently announced Icon Books/Chicago Review Press: 2008. the less fanciful sci-fi films of the 1990s. that they are close to completing a contact 160 pp. £10.99/$14.95 Future Proof is the latest in a recent run of lens with embedded light-emitting diodes, guidebooks, such as Daniel H. Wilson’s Where’s the first step towards creating an in-eye dis- Rather than teleporting, or even arriving on My Jetpack?, about the fictional products imag- play reminiscent of Arnold Schwarzenegger’s a hoverboard, I rode to work this morning ined by sci-fi’s finest creators and how close relentless Terminator. Meanwhile, researchers on the distinctly nineteenth-century technol- we are to realizing those phenomena. Sagan’s from Imperial College London have published ogy of a bicycle on tarmac. Much to the relief journey includes terraforming by cyborgs and a paper describing an invisibility cloak — albeit of my colleagues, I don’t sit at my desk in a teleporting through wormholes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Direct Communication Proposal to Test the Zoo Hypothesis
    Space Policy 38 (2016) 22e26 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Space Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/spacepol Viewpoint A direct communication proposal to test the Zoo Hypothesis Joao~ Pedro de Magalhaes~ Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Room 245, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK article info abstract Article history: Whether we are alone in the universe is one of the greatest mysteries facing humankind. Given the >100 Received 3 March 2016 billion stars in our galaxy, many have argued that it is statistically unlikely that life, including intelligent Accepted 16 June 2016 life, has not emerged anywhere else. The lack of any sign of extraterrestrial intelligence, even though on a Available online 26 July 2016 cosmic timescale extraterrestrial civilizations would have enough time to cross the galaxy, is known as Fermi's Paradox. One possible explanation for Fermi's Paradox is the Zoo Hypothesis which states that Keywords: one or more extraterrestrial civilizations know of our existence and can reach us, but have chosen not to Active SETI disturb us or even make their existence known to us. I propose here a proactive test of the Zoo Hy- Astrobiology fi Fermi's Paradox pothesis. Speci cally, I propose to send a message using television and radio channels to any extrater- Messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence restrial civilization(s) that might be listening and inviting them to respond. Even though I accept this is METI unlikely to be successful in the sense of resulting in a response from extraterrestrial intelligences, the possibility that extraterrestrial civilizations are monitoring us cannot be dismissed and my proposal is consistent with current scientific knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • SETI SETI Stands for Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, and Usually Is Meant As an Acronym for Searches for Radio Commu
    SETI SETI stands for Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, and usually is meant as an acronym for searches for radio commu- nications from extraterrestrials which has been its backbone. It began with a seminal paper in 1959 by Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison in Nature suggesting that the best way to find extraterrestrial civilizations was to search in the radio near 1420 MHz (H spin-flip). The first SETI, project Ozma (1960, Frank Drake, originator of the Drake equation) used the 85- foot Green Bank, WV telescope; today SETI@home uses the 1000-foot Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico. The Plane- tary Society has played an important role in supporting SETI, ever since the ban on Federal funding for it in 1982-83 and from 1992 to the present. Other projects have included Suit- case SETI, META, BETA, SERENDIP and META II. Thinking about SETI took a new turn in 1967 when Joce- lyn Bell and her advisor, Anthony Hewish, discovered pulsars, which they initially referred to, jokingly, as LGM (little green men). Another pioneer of SETI was Bernard Oliver, Vice Pres- ident of Hewlett Packard, who suggested in 1971 the cosmic waterhole hypothesis and emphasized the relative \quietness" of the radio spectrum between 1 and 1000 GHz. Project Ozma operated for about 3 months, devoting about 200 hours of observation to its two targets Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani. It scanned 7200 channels each with a bandwidth of 100 Hz, centered on 1420 MHz. By looking at adjacent frequencies, Doppler shifts caused by relative motions of our planets and Suns would be incorporated.
    [Show full text]
  • Livre-Ovni.Pdf
    UN MONDE BIZARRE Le livre des étranges Objets Volants Non Identifiés Chapitre 1 Paranormal Le paranormal est un terme utilisé pour qualifier un en- mé n'est pas considéré comme paranormal par les semble de phénomènes dont les causes ou mécanismes neuroscientifiques) ; ne sont apparemment pas explicables par des lois scien- tifiques établies. Le préfixe « para » désignant quelque • Les différents moyens de communication avec les chose qui est à côté de la norme, la norme étant ici le morts : naturels (médiumnité, nécromancie) ou ar- consensus scientifique d'une époque. Un phénomène est tificiels (la transcommunication instrumentale telle qualifié de paranormal lorsqu'il ne semble pas pouvoir que les voix électroniques); être expliqué par les lois naturelles connues, laissant ain- si le champ libre à de nouvelles recherches empiriques, à • Les apparitions de l'au-delà (fantômes, revenants, des interprétations, à des suppositions et à l'imaginaire. ectoplasmes, poltergeists, etc.) ; Les initiateurs de la parapsychologie se sont donné comme objectif d'étudier d'une manière scientifique • la cryptozoologie (qui étudie l'existence d'espèce in- ce qu'ils considèrent comme des perceptions extra- connues) : classification assez injuste, car l'objet de sensorielles et de la psychokinèse. Malgré l'existence de la cryptozoologie est moins de cultiver les mythes laboratoires de parapsychologie dans certaines universi- que de chercher s’il y a ou non une espèce animale tés, notamment en Grande-Bretagne, le paranormal est inconnue réelle derrière une légende ; généralement considéré comme un sujet d'étude peu sé- rieux. Il est en revanche parfois associé a des activités • Le phénomène ovni et ses dérivés (cercle de culture).
    [Show full text]
  • Biosignatures Search in Habitable Planets
    galaxies Review Biosignatures Search in Habitable Planets Riccardo Claudi 1,* and Eleonora Alei 1,2 1 INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio, 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 2 Physics and Astronomy Department, Padova University, 35131 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 August 2019; Accepted: 25 September 2019; Published: 29 September 2019 Abstract: The search for life has had a new enthusiastic restart in the last two decades thanks to the large number of new worlds discovered. The about 4100 exoplanets found so far, show a large diversity of planets, from hot giants to rocky planets orbiting small and cold stars. Most of them are very different from those of the Solar System and one of the striking case is that of the super-Earths, rocky planets with masses ranging between 1 and 10 M⊕ with dimensions up to twice those of Earth. In the right environment, these planets could be the cradle of alien life that could modify the chemical composition of their atmospheres. So, the search for life signatures requires as the first step the knowledge of planet atmospheres, the main objective of future exoplanetary space explorations. Indeed, the quest for the determination of the chemical composition of those planetary atmospheres rises also more general interest than that given by the mere directory of the atmospheric compounds. It opens out to the more general speculation on what such detection might tell us about the presence of life on those planets. As, for now, we have only one example of life in the universe, we are bound to study terrestrial organisms to assess possibilities of life on other planets and guide our search for possible extinct or extant life on other planetary bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmos: a Spacetime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based On
    Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based on Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan & Steven Soter Directed by Brannon Braga, Bill Pope & Ann Druyan Presented by Neil deGrasse Tyson Composer(s) Alan Silvestri Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of episodes 13 (List of episodes) 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way 2 - Some of the Things That Molecules Do 3 - When Knowledge Conquered Fear 4 - A Sky Full of Ghosts 5 - Hiding In The Light 6 - Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still 7 - The Clean Room 8 - Sisters of the Sun 9 - The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth 10 - The Electric Boy 11 - The Immortals 12 - The World Set Free 13 - Unafraid Of The Dark 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way The cosmos is all there is, or ever was, or ever will be. Come with me. A generation ago, the astronomer Carl Sagan stood here and launched hundreds of millions of us on a great adventure: the exploration of the universe revealed by science. It's time to get going again. We're about to begin a journey that will take us from the infinitesimal to the infinite, from the dawn of time to the distant future. We'll explore galaxies and suns and worlds, surf the gravity waves of space-time, encounter beings that live in fire and ice, explore the planets of stars that never die, discover atoms as massive as suns and universes smaller than atoms. Cosmos is also a story about us. It's the saga of how wandering bands of hunters and gatherers found their way to the stars, one adventure with many heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicted Performance of an X-Ray Navigation System for Future Deep Space and Lunar Missions Joel Getchius#, Anne Long‡, Mitra Farahmand‡, Luke B
    Predicted Performance of an X-ray Navigation System For Future Deep Space and Lunar Missions Joel Getchius#, Anne Long‡, Mitra Farahmand‡, Luke B. Winternitz†, Munther A. Hassouneh†, Jason W. Mitchell† † NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ‡a.i. solutions, Inc. #Omitron, Inc. American Astronautical Society 42nd Annual Guidance and Control Conference Beaver Run Resort, Breckenridge, CO February 4, 2019 X-ray Pulsar Navigation (XNAV) • Millisecond pulsars (MSPs): rapidly rotating neutron stars that pulsate across electromagnetic spectrum • Some MSPs rival atomic clock stability at long time-scales – Predict pulse arrival phase with great accuracy at any reference point in the Solar System via pulsar timing model on a spacecraft – Compare observed phase to prediction for navigation information • Why X-rays? – Many stable MSPs conveniently detectable in (soft) X-ray band – X-rays immune to interstellar dispersion thought to limit radio pulsar timing models – Highly directional compact detectors possible • Main Challenge: MSPs are very faint! Crab Pulsar (1/3 speed), Cambridge University, Lucky Image Group 2 X-ray Pulsar Navigation (XNAV) Applications • XNAV can provide autonomous navigation and timing that is of uniform quality throughout the solar system – Is enabling technology for very deep space missions – Provides backup autonomous navigation for crewed missions – Augments Deep Space Network (DSN) or op-nav techniques Pioneer plaque (Pioneer 10,11 1972-73) – Allows autonomous navigation while occulted, e.g., with pulsar periods and relative behind Sun distances to our Sun History • Pulsars were discovered in 1967 and immediately recognized as a potential tool for Galactic navigation • US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) (1999-2000) – Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) Experiment • DARPA XNAV, XTIM Projects (2005-2006, 2009-2012) • Significant body of research (international interest, academic research, several Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Remixing the Voyager Interstellar Record Or, As Extraterrestrials Might Listen
    Journal of Sonic Studies 8 (2014) Sounds of Space: http://www.researchcatalogue.net/view/109536/109537 Remixing the Voyager Interstellar Record Or, As Extraterrestrials Might Listen Stefan Helmreich Contextualizing the Context In 2010, scientists claiming to belong to a dissenting faction of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) contacted Seeland Records. Calling themselves the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence in Exile, or SETI-X, the group claimed to have received an alien transmission of rearranged sound from the Voyager Golden Record, a phonograph album famously sent into outer space in 1977 on each of NASA’s two Voyager spacecraft (Figure 1). The Golden Record had been put together in the mid-1970s by a panel convened by astronomer Carl Sagan, and it held a program of sounds and music of Earth, representing to imagined aliens our planet’s soundscapes, voices, and musical traditions. [1] Figure 1: The Voyager Golden Record. Side 1, on left, is the analog audio program. Side 2, on right, instructions to extraterrestrials on how to play the record. [2] 1 Because the scientists of SETI-X wished to remain anonymous, Seeland sought a public voice or commentator from other quarters. Because the label had in 2003 released a CD I had created, Xerophonics: Copying Machine Music, a science- and-technology themed mix of sounds of indefinite ownership (Helmreich 2003), and because I had also written about scientific notions of extraterrestrial life (Helmreich 2006), Seeland reasoned that I might be appropriately positioned to offer thoughts on the SETI-X document. They asked me to comment, which I did in a few venues (including, among other sites, the Los Angeles Daily News [Mills 2010].
    [Show full text]
  • Psychological Effects of Sublingual Allergy Testing : a Double-Blind Evaluation
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1978 Psychological effects of sublingual allergy testing : a double-blind evaluation. David S. King University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation King, David S., "Psychological effects of sublingual allergy testing : a double-blind evaluation." (1978). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1578. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1578 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBLINGUAL ALLERGY TESTING: A DOUBLE-BLIND EVALUATION A Dissertation Presented By DAVID S. KING Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 1978 Psychology David King 1978 All Rights Reserved PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBLINGUAL ALLERGY TESTING: A DOUBLE-BLIND EVALUATION A Dissertation Presented By DAVID S. KING Approved as to style and content by: Dr. Bonnie Strickland, Chairperson of Committee Dr. Icek Aj'zen, MemJaer f Dr. Ronnie Janof -Bulman , Member Dr. Daniel C. Jordan, Member Dr. Bonnie Strickland, DcT^artment Head Psychology ACKN0V7LEDGEMENTS The members of my committee, Dr. Bonnie Strickland, Icek Ajzen, Dr. Ronnie Janof f-Bulman , and Dr. Daniel C. Jordan, deserve my thanks for their helpful advice and comments concerning this dissertation. Special thanks must go to Dr. Strickland, v;ho served as the chair of my committee and worked more closely v/ith me.
    [Show full text]