A Direct Communication Proposal to Test the Zoo Hypothesis
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Lecture-29 (PDF)
Life in the Universe Orin Harris and Greg Anderson Department of Physics & Astronomy Northeastern Illinois University Spring 2021 c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 1 / 95 Overview Dating Rocks Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 2 / 95 Dating Rocks Zircon Dating Sedimentary Grand Canyon Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Dating Rocks Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 3 / 95 Zircon Dating Zircon, (ZrSiO4), minerals incorporate trace amounts of uranium but reject lead. Naturally occuring uranium: • U-238: 99.27% • U-235: 0.72% Decay chains: • 238U −→ 206Pb, τ =4.47 Gyrs. • 235U −→ 207Pb, τ = 704 Myrs. 1956, Clair Camron Patterson dated the Canyon Diablo meteorite: τ =4.55 Gyrs. c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 4 / 95 Dating Sedimentary Rocks • Relative ages: Deeper layers were deposited earlier • Absolute ages: Decay of radioactive isotopes old (deposited last) oldest (depositedolder first) c 2012-2021 G. Anderson., O. Harris Universe: Past, Present & Future – slide 5 / 95 Grand Canyon: Earth History from 200 million - 2 billion yrs ago. Dating Rocks Life on Earth Earth History Timeline Late Heavy Bombardment Hadean Shark Bay Stromatolites Cyanobacteria Q: Earliest Fossils? Life on Earth O2 History Q: Life on Earth How Did Life Arise? Life in the Solar System Life Around Other Stars Interstellar Travel SETI Review c 2012-2021 G. -
Livre-Ovni.Pdf
UN MONDE BIZARRE Le livre des étranges Objets Volants Non Identifiés Chapitre 1 Paranormal Le paranormal est un terme utilisé pour qualifier un en- mé n'est pas considéré comme paranormal par les semble de phénomènes dont les causes ou mécanismes neuroscientifiques) ; ne sont apparemment pas explicables par des lois scien- tifiques établies. Le préfixe « para » désignant quelque • Les différents moyens de communication avec les chose qui est à côté de la norme, la norme étant ici le morts : naturels (médiumnité, nécromancie) ou ar- consensus scientifique d'une époque. Un phénomène est tificiels (la transcommunication instrumentale telle qualifié de paranormal lorsqu'il ne semble pas pouvoir que les voix électroniques); être expliqué par les lois naturelles connues, laissant ain- si le champ libre à de nouvelles recherches empiriques, à • Les apparitions de l'au-delà (fantômes, revenants, des interprétations, à des suppositions et à l'imaginaire. ectoplasmes, poltergeists, etc.) ; Les initiateurs de la parapsychologie se sont donné comme objectif d'étudier d'une manière scientifique • la cryptozoologie (qui étudie l'existence d'espèce in- ce qu'ils considèrent comme des perceptions extra- connues) : classification assez injuste, car l'objet de sensorielles et de la psychokinèse. Malgré l'existence de la cryptozoologie est moins de cultiver les mythes laboratoires de parapsychologie dans certaines universi- que de chercher s’il y a ou non une espèce animale tés, notamment en Grande-Bretagne, le paranormal est inconnue réelle derrière une légende ; généralement considéré comme un sujet d'étude peu sé- rieux. Il est en revanche parfois associé a des activités • Le phénomène ovni et ses dérivés (cercle de culture). -
Aliens on Earth. Are Reports of Close Encounters Correct?
Aliens on Earth. Are reports of close encounters correct? Pawel Sobkowicz pawelsobko@ gmail. com (Dated: April 1st, 2012) Popular culture (movies, SF literature) and witness accounts of close encounters with extrater- restrials provide a rather bizarre image of Aliens behavior on Earth. It is far from stereotypes of human space exploration. The reported Aliens are not missions of diplomats, scientists nor even invasion fleets; typical encounters are with lone ETs (or small groups), and involve curious behav- ior: abductions and experiments (often of sexual nature), cattle mutilations, localized killing and mixing in human society using various methods. Standard scientific explanations of these social memes point to influence of cultural artifacts (movies, literature) on social imagination, projection of our fears and observations of human society, and, in severe cases, psychic disorder of the involved individuals. In this work we propose an alternate explanation, claiming that the memes might be the result of observations of actual behavior of true Aliens, who, visiting Earth behave in a way that is then reproduced by such memes. The proposal would solve, in natural way, the Fermi paradox. I. EXISTENCE OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL based on increased ratio of planet detection based on mi- CIVILIZATIONS crolensing [9], puts this ratio at close to 1 (estimating number of planets as close to the number of stars in the A. Drake equation Galaxy). Applying this correction to Franck et al. esti- mates gives us much larger number of Earth-like planets The two major problems faced today by scientists in- – about 50 million. Discussing temporal aspects of the Drake equation, terested in extraterrestrial civilizations are: how many ´ such civilizations exist today or existed before in the Cirkovi´c[10], stresses the importance of the longevity Milky Way? Provided the positive answer to the first of civilizations. -
The Ancient Aliens Guy, His Hair, and Extraterrestrial Imperialism
The Ancient Aliens Guy, His Hair, and Extraterrestrial Imperialism Proposal by Stephen Few, English 102 At some point during the past few years, you may have tuned into The History Channel in hopes of seeing Pawn Stars or a new documentary. Instead of finding what you were looking for, you may have come across a show called Ancient Aliens. When watching Ancient Aliens, it becomes evident very quickly that the show is trying to convince viewers that extraterrestrials have visited Earth in the past. It is obvious that many people begin watching the show for a good laugh once they realize this, because the show is continually made fun of on the Internet and in pop culture. Some people don’t watch long enough because Giorgio Tsoukalos and his crazy hair make the show appear silly and incredible. The odd thing is that some of the ideas are logically possible. The Ancient Astronaut Theory, for example, is a very interesting explanation to many historical mysteries, though it is not taken seriously as a scientific theory. Tsoukalos and his team’s theories on aliens visiting Earth in the past are theoretically possible, so we should consider the implications if their theory is true. What effects will alien visitors have on environmental issues, world religion and cultures, and political organizations around the world in the future? What kind of preparations need to be made by the world in order to prepare for the next alien visitation? Giorgio A. Tsoukalos doesn’t have the college credentials of a world-famous archeologist; as a matter of fact, his body building hobby and sports medicine degree are far from archeology. -
Why SETI Will Fail ‡
Why SETI Will Fail z B. Zuckerman1 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The union of space telescopes and interstellar spaceships guarantees that if extraterrestrial civilizations were common, someone would have come here long ago. PACS numbers: 97.10.Tk arXiv:1912.08386v1 [physics.pop-ph] 18 Dec 2019 z This article originally appeared in the September/October 2002 issue of Mercury magazine (published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific). Why SETI Will Fail 2 1. Introduction Where do humans stand on the scale of cosmic intelligence? For most people, this question ranks at or very near the top of the list of "scientific things I would like to know." Lacking hard evidence to constrain the imagination, optimists conclude that technological civilizations far in advance of our own are common in our Milky Way Galaxy, whereas pessimists argue that we Earthlings probably have the most advanced technology around. Consequently, this topic has been debated endlessly and in numerous venues. Unfortunately, significant new information or ideas that can point us in the right direction come along infrequently. But recently I have realized that important connections exist between space astronomy and space travel that have never been discussed in the scientific or popular literature. These connections clearly favor the more pessimistic scenario mentioned above. Serious radio searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) have been conducted during the past few decades. Brilliant scientists have been associated with SETI, starting with pioneers like Frank Drake and the late Carl Sagan and then continuing with Paul Horowitz, Jill Tarter, and the late Barney Oliver. -
ASTR 380 the Fermi Paradox ASTR 380 the Fermi Paradox If We Are Not Unique in Developing a Technological Society in the Galaxy…
ASTR 380 The Fermi Paradox ASTR 380 The Fermi Paradox If we are not unique in developing a technological society in the galaxy….. Where is everyone else? The simple statement of the Fermi Paradox is: Planets are common Earth–like planets are likely to be common Life is likely on them Intelligence is a natural adaptation Many civilizations should exist…. Where are they? Paradox is named after Enrico Fermi – a famous physicist. Let’s explore this in some more detail Reminder • Course evaluations now open • Go to www.CourseEvalUM.umd.edu • Can fill out through December 14 • Please do fill in; even if you don’t like this course, I’d appreciate knowing why! Announcement • Last day of class, Thurs, Dec 11 • Will be course review • I will go over 10 major points in class, then the rest will be entirely driven by your questions • As before, no variant of “what will be on the exam?” will be answered • Answer: final is cumulative (i.e., everything in course), more focus on material after midterm • Format of final is same as midterm, homeworks Colonization of Milky Way • Our galaxy is 100,000 light years across • Right now we can travel nearly 30 km/s, or 1/10,000 of speed of light • Thus takes only 10,000x100,000=1 billion years to go across galaxy But Milky Way is >10 billion years old • Therefore, plenty of time! Problems With Argument? • Can’t reach every star in a straight line! • Santa Claus problem: circling Earth is okay in a night, but not visiting every house • Total interstellar distance is >trillion light years • Have we solved the Fermi Paradox? http://flashyourstache.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/santa_claus.jpg Strategy for Colonization • No, that “disproof” doesn’t work • Start out with one planet • Send exploration to two planets • Those two send to two each, for four • Next round: 8, then 16, 32, .. -
Fermi's Paradox-The Last Challenge for Copernicanism?
Fermi’s Paradox – The Last Challenge for Copernicanism? Milan M. Cirkovi´c´ Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Volgina 7, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia & Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi´ca 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract We review Fermi’s paradox (or the ”Great Silence” problem), not only arguably the oldest and crucial problem for the Search for ExtraTer- restrial Intelligence (SETI), but also a conundrum of profound scien- tific, philosophical and cultural importance. By a simple analysis of observation selection effects, the correct resolution of Fermi’s paradox is certain to tell us something about the future of humanity. Already a more than three quarters of a century old puzzle – and a quarter of century since the last major review paper in the field by G. David Brin – Fermi’s paradox has generated many ingenious discussions and hy- potheses. We analyze the often tacit methodological assumptions built into various answers to this puzzle and attempt a new classification of the numerous solutions proposed in an already huge literature on the subject. Finally, we consider the ramifications of various classes of hypotheses for the practical SETI projects. Somewhat paradoxically, it seems that the class of (neo)catastrophic hypotheses gives, on bal- ance, the strongest justification for guarded optimism regarding our current and near-future SETI efforts. Key words: astrobiology – extraterrestrial intelligence – Galaxy: evolution arXiv:0907.3432v1 [astro-ph.EP] 20 Jul 2009 – history and philosophy of astronomy – observation selection effects If you do not expect the unexpected, you will not find it; for it is hard to be sought out and difficult. -
Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence Through Radio Signals and Messages 1A
ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print) IJECT VOL . 5, ISSU E SPL - 2, JAN - MAR C H 2014 Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence Through Radio Signals and Messages 1A. B. Bhattacharya, 2A. Sarkar 1,2Dept. of Physics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India Abstract hundred yards wide could delineate twenty-mile wide shapes and The paper summarizes the present day research knowledge based then the trenches would be filled with water after which enough on communication with extraterrestrial intelligence through four kerosene could be poured on top of the water to burn for six hours. distinct means covering mathematical languages, pictorial systems Using this technique, a different signal could be sent every night. like the Arecibo message, algorithmic communication systems and In the mean time other astronomers were looking for signs of life computational approaches for detecting and deciphering ‘natural’ on other planets. In 1822, Franz von Gruithuisen [Cattermole and language communication. Moore, 1997] imagined a giant city and evidence of agriculture on the moon and believed evidence of life on Venus but astronomers Keywords using more sophisticated instruments refuted his claims. By the Arecibo Message, Communication, Extraterrestrial Intelligence, late 1800s, Astronomers believed the Kant-Laplace hypothesis, Resonant Receiver which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest and so Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than I. Introduction Venus. Subsequent investigations focused on contacting Martians. Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI) is Charles Cros [Ley, 1958] was convinced that pinpoints of light a subject matter under the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial observed on Mars and Venus were the lights of large cities and Intelligence) research which focuses on composing and was attempted to get funding for a giant mirror with which to deciphering messages that could be understood theoretically signal the Martians. -
A Profile of Humanity: the Cultural Signature of Earth's Inhabitants
International Journal of A profile of humanity: the cultural signature of Astrobiology Earth’s inhabitants beyond the atmosphere cambridge.org/ija Paul E. Quast Beyond the Earth foundation, Edinburgh, UK Research Article Abstract Cite this article: Quast PE (2018). A profile of The eclectic range of artefacts and ‘messages’ we dispatch into the vast expanse of space may humanity: the cultural signature of Earth’s become one of the most enduring remnants of our present civilization, but how does his pro- inhabitants beyond the atmosphere. tracted legacy adequately document the plurality of societal values and common, cultural heri- International Journal of Astrobiology 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550418000290 tage on our heterogeneous world? For decades now, this rendition of the egalitarian principle has been explored by the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence community in order to draft Received: 18 April 2018 theoretical responses to ‘who speaks for Earth?’ for hypothetical extra-terrestrial communica- Revised: 13 June 2018 tion strategies. However, besides the moral, ethical and democratic advancements made by Accepted: 21 June 2018 this particular enterprise, there remains little practical exemplars of implementing this gar- Key words: nered knowledge into other experimental elements that could function as mutual emissaries Active SETI; data storage; deep time messages; of Earth; physical artefacts that could provide accessible details about our present world for eternal memory archives; future archaeology; future archaeological observations by our space-faring progeny, potential visiting extrasolar long-term communication strategies; SETI; time capsules denizens or even for posterity. While some initiatives have been founded to investigate this enduring dilemma of humanity over the last half-century, there are very few comparative stud- Author for correspondence: ies in regards to how these objects, time capsules and transmission events collectively dissem- Paul E. -
CURRICULUM VITAE DOUGLAS A. VAKOCH Center for SETI Research
CURRICULUM VITAE DOUGLAS A. VAKOCH Center for SETI Research Department of Clinical Psychology SETI Institute California Institute of Integral Studies 189 N. Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 1453 Mission Street Mountain View, CA 94043, USA San Francisco, CA 94103, USA Office Phone: +1-650-960-4514 Office Phone: +1-415-575-6244 Office Fax: +1-650-968-5830 Office Fax: +1-415-575-1266 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Residence 943 Cherry Way Hayward, CA 94541 Home Phone: 510-481-5719 PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2011-present Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2008-2011 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2005-2008 Director of Interstellar Message Composition, SETI Institute, 2001-present Social Scientist, SETI Institute, 1999-present Research Associate, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1999- 2001, 2005-2007 National Research Service Award Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 1996-1998 Predoctoral Clinical Intern, Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Hospital and Clinics, 1995-1996 EDUCATION Ph.D., Clinical Psychology with Quantitative Minor, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1996. Dissertation: Predictors of prognosis for patients with interpersonal problems: The role of therapists’ epistemology, experience, optimism, and theoretical orientation. M.A., Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1994. M.A., History and Philosophy of Science, University of Notre Dame, 1991. B.A., Religion, Carleton College, 1983. Senior Thesis: Psychological analyses of the mystic path in Christianity and Buddhism. -
Vol 11 No 2, Spring 2005
SearchLites Vol. 11 No. 2, Spring 2005 The Quarterly Newsletter of The SETI League, Inc. Offices: 433 Liberty Street Scaling Back on SETICon PO Box 555 Little Ferry NJ Little Ferry, NJ.., 19 February 2005 -- Five years after initiating its SETICon Technical 07643 USA Symposium, the nonprofit, membership-supported SETI League has had to scale back the annual membership event to more modest proportions. Because The SETI League chose Phone: to make its meetings affordable and accessible to a wide range of amateur radio astrono- (201) 641-1770 Facsimile: mers, the events have proved a steady drain on the grassroots science group's limited fi- (201) 641-1771 nancial resources. Hence, the organization's 2005 annual meeting will be held in conjunc- Email: tion with another, much larger and well-established conference. [email protected] Web: "The last few SETICons cost us about $4,000 each to put on," notes Dr. H. Paul www.setileague.org Shuch, volunteer executive director of The SETI League. "Depending as we do upon President: membership dues and individual contributions, we thought our limited funding would be Richard Factor better spent on SETI science than on hosting scientific meetings." Consequently, Shuch Registered Agent: announced, The SETI League's 2005 Annual Membership Meeting will be held on the Marc Arnold, Esq. campus of The College of New Jersey, in conjunction with the annual Trenton Computer Secretary/Treasurer: A. Heather Wood Festival. Executive Director: H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D. This year's Trenton Computer Festival is scheduled to run the weekend of 16-17 April, 2005, with The SETI League's membership meeting to be held there on Sunday morning, 17 April, from 10 AM until Noon. -
Is Anybody out There? Julia Bandura, Michael Chong, Ross Edwards
Is Anybody Out There? Julia Bandura, Michael Chong, Ross Edwards ISCI 3A12 - LUE March 23rd, 2017 -graphic of scientists believe that with our rapid technological advancement, there may be ways to “We stand on a great communicate with them. This article will explore attempts to transmit threshold in the human messages to potential intelligent life forms, history of space attempts to search for incoming alien signals, and analyze explanations for the silence that we have exploration” (Sara Seager, 2014) insofar encountered. However, before considering any form of communication, whether receiving or radiation levels (since high UV radiation can be transmitting, we must first consider where to look. damaging to replication molecules like DNA), and Where is Life in the Universe? liquid water. Water is especially important: all known life on Earth requires liquid water to Logically, a scientist that hopes to communicate survive. As such, within a solar system, the with extraterrestrial beings must assume that: 1) traditional ‘habitable zone’ is defined as the extraterrestrial intelligent life exists in the universe, imaginary disc around the host star where water 2) it exists in high enough abundance that radio will remain in liquid form. A significant number of communication is possible, 3) a transmitted radio exoplanets have been discovered within this zone signal from Earth will be picked up by a receiver, around their host star, but only a fraction of them and 4) the message will be translated successfully. are considered ‘Earth-like’, meaning that their Each assumption comes with challenges that make surface conditions and sizes are similar to Earth’s the process of creating a radio message appropriate (Rekola, 2009).