IL KI ( 氣 ) E L’APPLICAZIONE ALLE ARTI MARZIALI Indice Generale Riassunto

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IL KI ( 氣 ) E L’APPLICAZIONE ALLE ARTI MARZIALI Indice Generale Riassunto Sede Provinciale di Verona - Settore Karate (ALLEGATO 4) ‘CORSO ISTRUTTORI 2011/2012’ TESINA • ASPIRANTE ISTRUTTORE: CARDINETTI ANGELO II DAN • ANNO INIZIO PRATICA KARATE: 1991 • ANNO DI CONSEGUIMENTO DEL DAN: I=1996 II=2001 • SOCIETA’ D’APPARTENENZA: ASD BUKWAY KARATE VERONA • STILE DI KARATE PRATICATO: SHOTOKAN IL KI ( 氣 ) E L’APPLICAZIONE ALLE ARTI MARZIALI Indice generale Riassunto.................................................................................................................................3 Introduzione............................................................................................................................3 Le energie sottili......................................................................................................................3 Il corpo eterico...............................................................................................................4 I Chakram e i meridiani.................................................................................................6 Il Ki.........................................................................................................................................6 La consapevolezza del Ki..............................................................................................7 Lo yoga...............................................................................................................10 Il Chi Kung (Qigong o Kiko).............................................................................11 Agopuntura, Shiatsu, Ankyo, Anma e Seitai......................................................13 La pranoterapia, il Reiki, il Mahikari, il Pranic Healing....................................13 Il Ki e l'alimentazione..................................................................................................15 L’uso del Ki.................................................................................................................15 Le Religioni e le Filosofie orientali.......................................................................................16 L'induismo...................................................................................................................17 Il Confucianesimo........................................................................................................17 Il Buddismo..................................................................................................................18 Il Taoismo....................................................................................................................18 Lo Shintoismo..............................................................................................................20 Lo Zen..........................................................................................................................20 Il Ki e il Budo (piccola digressione).....................................................................................21 Il Ki nelle arti marziali..........................................................................................................21 Il Kyusho......................................................................................................................23 Il Kendo.......................................................................................................................24 L’Aikido.......................................................................................................................25 Lo Hapkido..................................................................................................................27 Il Kung Fu (Tai Chi Chuan, Yi Chuan).......................................................................27 Esempi...................................................................................................................................29 Maestri del passato.......................................................................................................29 Morihei Ueshiba.................................................................................................29 Naito Takaharu...................................................................................................29 Maestri contemporanei................................................................................................30 Taiji Kase...........................................................................................................30 Kenji Tokitsu......................................................................................................32 Christian Gonzales y Herrera.............................................................................33 Ipotesi di allenamento alla consapevolezza del Ki nel karate...............................................34 La preparazione............................................................................................................34 I kihon e i kata.............................................................................................................35 Il kumite.......................................................................................................................35 Chiusura dell'allenamento............................................................................................36 Conclusioni............................................................................................................................36 Bibliografia............................................................................................................................37 Contatti personali..................................................................................................................37 Filmografia............................................................................................................................37 Sitografia...............................................................................................................................38 La differenza tra teoria e pratica è sempre minore in teoria che in pratica. (Proverbio anglosassone) Il Ki non ha confine. Trascende lo spazio-tempo. E’ l’ottica di ciascuno che lo limita. (Itsuo Tsuda) Riassunto In questa tesi si vuole mettere a fuoco l’importanza del ki(1) nelle arti marziali; di come solo la consapevolezza di questa energia possa davvero far fare un passo avanti nella comprensione dell’arte marziale intesa come via del Budo. Un’arte che tralasciasse quest’aspetto rischierebbe ben presto di finire nel pantano di un esagerato agonismo o di una lezioso perfezionismo formale, senza però che, dopo un certo livello, i suoi discepoli possano trarre ulteriori insegnamenti da una pratica costante e salutare. Si vuole infatti dimostrare come solo l’uso dell’energia che ne deriva possa concretizzare almeno tre obiettivi: 1) mantenere in buona salute l’atleta preservandolo anche dai cosiddetti traumi sportivi; 2) permettere una pratica efficace anche oltre una certa età; 3) consentire un perenne miglioramento e perfezionamento personale, al di là della tecnica(2). (1) Nella tesi verranno utilizzati indifferentemente i termini “ki”, “qi”, “chi”, “ch’i” o semplicemente “’i” a seconda dell’origine della fonte e del testo; giapponese il primo, cinesi ed asiatici in genere gli altri. (2) Nel dojo kun di karate shotokan un paio di regole parlano di via di miglioramento e di perfezione del carattere. E’ ingenuo pensare che si tratti di semplice impegno durante l’allenamento o di disciplina da parte dell’allenatore-maestro. Introduzione La natura originaria dell’esistenza non può essere realmente colta dai nostri sensi, dalle nostre impressioni. Quando pensiamo che la sostanza del nostro spirito sia tale, cadiamo in errore. Ogni essere è diverso. I problemi della vita sono differenti per ognuno, e ognuno ha bisogno di mezzi diversi per risolverli. Dobbiamo dunque crearci un nostro metodo. Bisogna creare da noi stessi. Come creare la nostra vita qui e ora? Le arti marziali e lo Zen hanno in comune la creazione e la concentrazione dell’energia. Concentrandosi qui ed ora ed esternando la pura energia del nostro corpo, si può vedere oltre le illusioni dei sensi e ricaricarsi. Nelle arti marziali bisogna penetrare gli elementi, i fenomeni, non passarci a fianco. Nella nostra epoca tutti vogliono economizzare la propria energia e così vivono a metà. Si è sempre incompleti, tiepidi, senza fuoco. Bisogna imparare a penetrare la vita. Il segreto delle arti marziali consiste dunque nell’imparare a dirigere lo spirito. Lo spirito deve diventare la sostanza. Lo spirito è la sostanza senza forma, ma a volte assume una forma; quando lo spirito riempie il cosmo intero, allora può cogliere le occasioni, può attaccare diecimila cose in una sola, Durante un combattimento, il nostro spirito non deve lasciarsi influenzare da nessun movimento dell’avversario, da nessuna azione del suo corpo e della sua mente. Il nostro spirito deve sempre muoversi liberamente. Si deve essere totalmente concentrati, istante dopo istante. [Taisen Deshimaru] Ma come spiegare intellettualmente a noi discepoli del III millennio questi concetti descritti in forma così poetica , ma così poco “occidentali”? Questo lavoro è l’umile e sicuramente incompleto tentativo di tradurre quanto appena esposto dal maestro Deshimaru, attraverso quanto finora appreso dal sottoscritto aspirante istruttore. Le energie sottili Anche i ricercatori occidentali oggi concordano nell’accettare come migliore spiegazione dei fenomeni sottili la Filosofia Energetica Indù. Fondamentalmente
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