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Budj Bim CULTURAL LANDSCAPE Budj Bim CULTURAL LANDSCAPE WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this document contains images, names, quotes and other references to people who have passed away. © Commonwealth of Australia, December 2017 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth, available from the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy. Published by: Department of the Environment and Energy John Gorton Building King Edward Terrace Parkes ACT 2600 Australia GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Commonwealth of Australia Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: World Heritage Nomination Australia. Dept. of the Environment and Energy ISBN: 978-1-921069-08-6 Front Cover. Composite image; including Gunditjmara ancestor Jennie Green circa 1865 weaving grass basket. AUSTRALIA’S NOMINATION OF Budj Bim Cultural Landscape WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION FOR INSCRIPTION IN THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST DECEMBER 2017 CONTENTS WELCOME TO COUNTRY VI STATEMENT BY THE GUNDITJMARA TRADITIONAL OWNERS VII MINISTERS’ MESSAGE VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY X DRAFT STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE XV KEY TERMS XVII GUNDITJMARA WORDS AND PHRASES XVIII PART 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY 1 1.A Country 2 1.B State, province or region 2 1.C Name of property 2 1.D Geographical coordinates 2 1.E Maps showing the boundaries of the nominated property 2 1.F Area of nominated property 2 PART 2 DESCRIPTION 9 2.A Description of property 10 2.B History and development 36 PART 3 JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION 83 3.1.A Brief synthesis 84 3.1.B Criteria under which inscription is proposed 85 3.1.C Statement of integrity 89 3.1.D Statement of authenticity 91 3.1.E Protection and management requirements 95 3.2 Comparative analysis 100 3.3 Draft statement of Outstanding Universal Value 111 PART 4 STATE OF CONSERVATION AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROPERTY 113 4.A Present state of conservation 114 4.B Factors affecting the property 116 4.B(i) Development pressures 117 4.B(ii) Environmental pressures 118 4.B(iii) Natural disasters and risk preparedness 122 4.B(iv) Responsible visitation at World Heritage sites 126 4.B(v) Number of inhabitants within the property 128 PART 5 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPERTY 129 5.A Ownership 130 5.B Protective designation 131 5.C Means of implementing protective measures 137 5.D Existing plans related to municipality and region 140 5.E Property management system 144 5.F Sources and levels of finance 148 5.G Sources of expertise and training in conservation and management techniques 149 5.H Visitor facilities and infrastructure 150 5.I Policies and programs related to the presentation and promotion of the property 159 5.J Staffing levels and expertise 161 IV PART 6 MONITORING 162 6.A Key indicators for measuring state of conservation 163 6.B Administrative arrangements for monitoring property 165 6.C Results of previous reporting exercises 166 PART 7 DOCUMENTATION 169 7.A Photographs and audiovisual image inventory and authorisation form 170 7.B Texts relating to protective designation 188 7.C Form and date of most recent records/inventory of property 188 7.D Address where inventory, records and archives are held 189 7.E Bibliography 189 PART 8 CONTACT INFORMATION OF RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES 197 8.A Preparer 197 8.B Official local institution 197 8.C Other local institutions 197 8.D Official web address 197 PART 9 SIGNATURE ON BEHALF OF THE STATE PARTY 198 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 200 ANNEXES 203 A. Australian Government World Heritage Management Principles 204 B. Management plans for the nominated property 205 B.1 Ngootyoong Gunditj Ngootyoong Mara South West Management Plan (Parks Victoria, 2015) B.2 Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area Plan of Management 2015-2019 (Gunditj MirringTraditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation, 2015) B.3 Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area Management Action Plan 2015-2018 (Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation, 2015) C. Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Nominated property boundary (1:30,000) 205 LIST OF MAPS ES.1 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Nominated property boundary XI ES.2 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Budj Bim (northern) component – nominated property boundary XII ES.3 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Kurtonitj (central) component – nominated property boundary XIII ES.4 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Tyrendarra (southern) component – nominated property boundary XIV 1.1 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Nominated property boundary (Annex C) 3 1.2 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Budj Bim (northern) component – nominated property boundary 4 1.3 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Kurtonitj (central) component – nominated property boundary 5 1.4 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Tyrendarra (southern) component – nominated property boundary` 6 1.5 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Land tenure 7 1.6 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Location 8 2.1 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Regional setting 11 2.2 Budj Bim (northern) component: Locations of aquaculture complexes on the margins of Tae Rak (Lake Condah) 19 2.3 Kurtonitj (central) component: Location of aquaculture complex 22 2.4 Tyrendarra (southern) component: Location of aquaculture complex 23 2.5 Budj Bim lava flow: Extent 27 2.6 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Aboriginal-owned land parcels 65 5.1 Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: Visitor Experience Areas 150 V WELCOME TO COUNTRY mayapa wangan ngootyoong wanyoo Pernmeeyal, alam meen koorrookee, ngapoon mangnooroo watanoo gunditjmara ngatanwarr wooka ngootoowan ngathoo-ngat mangnooroo watanoo gunditjmara koorrookee ba ngarrakeetong teen ngeeye meerreeng makatepa ngootyoong nanoong wanyoo gunditjmara ngeeye meerreeng peeneeyt teenay laka meerreeng leerpeen meerreeng Translation karweeyn meerreeng make/pay respects for the Great Spirit, ancestors karman kanoo meerreeng grandmothers, grandfathers from the Gunditjmara yana poorrpa meerreeng welcome to you (all) (I give) mayapa meerreeng peeneeyt from the Gunditjmara grandmothers, grandfathers and families mayapa maar peeneeyt here is our country today is a good day for the Gunditjmara our country is strong here Vicki Couzens spoken in Dhauwurd Wurrung talk the country 30 March 2007 sing the country dance the country paint up the country travel through the country make the country strong make the people strong VI STATEMENT BY THE GUNDITJMARA TRADITIONAL OWNERS Over the past 15 years Gunditjmara Traditional Owners and members of the Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation have worked together to develop a World Heritage nomination for the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape. A World Heritage nomination for the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was first proposed in 1989; and in 2002 was a key objective of the Lake Condah Sustainable Development Project, an initiative of the Gunditjmara. In January 2017 the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was included on Australia’s Tentative World Heritage List. With the support of both the Commonwealth and State governments, Gunditjmara Traditional Owners have acquired a number of land parcels over the years and have actively managed them for the protection of their interconnected cultural and natural values. Currently we manage 3,000 hectares of land declared as Indigenous Protected Areas, and also have a co-management agreement with the State government over the Budj Bim (formerly Mount Eccles) National Park. Gunditjmara have a cultural responsibility to protect what is one of the world’s oldest freshwater aquaculture systems that is still in existence today; a system that was first constructed by our ancestors at least 6,600 years ago. In 2007, the Australian Federal Court recognised the native title rights of the Gunditjmara and noted; “The Gunditjmara were able to prove their strong and unrelenting connection to this area where their ancestors farmed eels for food and trade at the time of European settlement and back through millennia” Gunditjmara have enjoyed strong community support in our pursuit of the nomination of the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape to the UNESCO World Heritage List. June Gill Roslyn Pevitt On behalf of all Chair Gunditjmara Traditional Owners Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation VII MINISTERS’ MESSAGE The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape is located within the traditional Country of the Gunditjmara in south-eastern Australia. It has been maintained through the continuity of Gunditjmara cultural and social practices and active management; and contains evidence of one of the world’s largest and oldest aquaculture systems. It is a rare, intact and representative example of a continuing cultural landscape. The scale and complexity of the Gunditjmara aquaculture system makes the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape an exceptional representative example of a landscape constructed through Indigenous modification and use of wetlands and aquatic resources. We acknowledge and commend the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation and Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation for initiating and leading the World Heritage nomination and working closely with governments and scientific experts in the preparation of this Nomination Dossier. The Gunditjmara Traditional Owners are committed to the ongoing management of the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape in partnership with the Australian and Victorian Governments and in cooperation with local government and community partners. Australia’s robust legislative framework also supports the obligations that come with being recognised
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