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APIACEAE Carrot Family

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APIACEAE Carrot Family APIACEAE Carrot Family 1a. Leaves simple 2a. Inflorescence relatively open with pedicellate flowers; leaf blades rounded, not sharply-toothed Hydrocotyle americana L. 2b. Inflorescence composed of dense, head-like clusters of +/- sessile flowers, each flower subtended by a bractlet; most leaf blades spinulose-toothed Eryngium planum L. 1b. Leaves compound 3a. Leaves palmately divided; plants with bisexual flowers and unisexual male flowers in separate umbellets or intermixed Sanicula marilandica L. 3b. Leaves otherwise; plants mostly with male and female flowers in one inflorescence 4a. Larger leaves with ultimate segments narrow-linear to filiform, up to 1.0 mm wide; umbels with 7-14 primary branches Carum carvi L. 4b. Larger leaves with ultimate segments linear to orbicular, >1.0 mm wide 5a. Leaves with 3 leaflets that are simple or lobed but not again divided Heracleum L. 5b. Leaves with 5+ ultimate segments 6a. Leaves with clearly defined leaflets, the ultimate segments often >2 cm wide 7a. Principal leaves once-compound (twice-compound in submerged leaves of Sium suave) 8a. Aquatic, fibrous-rooted plants; umbels and umbellets with bracts and bractlets, respectively; flowers white Sium suave Walter 8b. Taprooted weeds of fields and anthropogenic habitat; flowers yellow Pastinaca sativa L. 7b. Principal leaves two to three times compound 9a. Petals yellow 10a. Perennial native plants; leaf divisions and leaflets ternately arranged; central flower of each umbellet sessile Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J.Koch 10b. Introduced taprooted biennials; leaf divisions and leaflets pinnately arranged; all flowers pedicelled Pastinaca sativa L. 9b. Petals white 11a. Upper leaf sheaths conspicuously dilated, 1 cm + wide Angelica L. 11b. Upper leaf sheaths not dilated, < 1 cm wide 12a. Veins of the leaves directed to the sinuses; base of the stem thickened; some of the roots tuberous-thickened; wetland plants Cicuta maculata L. 12b. Veins of the leaves directed to the teeth; base of the stem not thickened; roots without tubers; plants of more dry habitats 13a. Ovary bristly; plants of rich woods Osmorhiza Raf. 13b. Ovary glabrous; plants of coastal shores or disturbed areas 14a. Sepals present; styles shorter than the stylopodia, ascending; umbellets with bractlets; plants of coastal shores Ligusticum scoticum L. 14b. Sepals absent; styles much longer than the stylopodia, deflexed; umbellets lacking bractlets; plants of fields and disturbed areas Aegopodium podagraria L. 6b. Leaves dissected, without clearly defined leaflets, the ultimate segments often <1 cm wide 15a. Bracts of the umbel pinnatifid; central flower of the inflorescence purple or pink Daucus carota L. 15b. Bracts of the umbel entire or absent; central flower of the inflorescence white 16a. Bractlets narrow-ovate, with conspicuously ciliate or fimbriate margins Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. 16b. Bractlets absent or linear to lanceolate, their margins entire or minutely fringed with fine hairs 17a. Axils of upper leaves with bulblets Cicuta bulbifera L. 17b. Axils of upper leaves without bulblets Conioselinum chinense (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Angelica L. 1a. Involucels to 1 mm wide, persistent, often reddish margined; fruit only slightly flattened with thick corky dorsal ribs scarcely differing from lateral ribs; plants strictly coastal A. lucida L. 1b. Involucels inconspicuous, less than 0.5 mm wide, deciduous; fruit strongly flattened with broadly winged lateral ribs and low dorsal ribs; plants not strictly coastal 2a. Inflorescence flat-topped; uppermost leaf sheaths +/- tubular, veins inconspicuous; pedicels finely scabrous; fruit cross-section showing 1-3 oil tubes in each interbal between ribs, seed closely attached to outer coat A. sylvestris L. 2b. Inflorescence +/- spherical; uppermost leaf sheaths inflated, veins conspicuous; pedicels heavily scabrous; fruit cross-section showing 25-30 oil tubes surrounding the loose seed A. atropurpurea L. Heracleum L. 1a. Rays of the uppermost umbels very numerous and conspicuous (50-150); plants often to 4 m tall Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier 1b. Rays fewer, mostly 15-30; plants usually < 3 m tall Heracleum maximum W.Bartram Osmorhiza Raf. Osmorhiza berteroi DC. is not recorded by Erskine (1960) but listed for PEI in North American Flora files at the New York Botanical Garden (Kartesz and Meacham 1999). We consider it unconfirmed but possible. 1a. Styles at most 1.5 mm long; flowers usually 4-8 per umbellet Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B.Clarke 1b. Styles at least 2 mm long; flowers usually 9-18 per umbellet Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. .
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