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(12) United States Patent T531 US008620789B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,620,789 B2 Arnott et a1. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 31, 2013 (54) USING ACCOUNTING DATA BASED (56) References Cited INDEXING TO CREATE A LOW VOLATILITY PORTFOLIO OF FINANCIAL OBJECTS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,334,270 A 6/1982 Towers (75) Inventors: Robert D. Arnott, Newport Beach, CA 4,751,640 A 6/1988 Lucas et a1. (US); Paul Christopher Wood, Waltham (GB); Feifei Li, Irvine, CA (US) (Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Research Af?liates, LLC, Newport Beach, CA (U S) EP 1351179 A1 10/2003 GB 2393532 3/2004 Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (Continued) patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Fundamental Indexation, Robert Arnott, 2004; 36-pages. (21) Appl. No.: 13/593,415 (Continued) Primary Examiner * Gregory Johnson (22) Filed: Aug. 23, 2012 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Ralph P. Albrecht; ATFirm, PLLC (65) Prior Publication Data (57) ABSTRACT US 2013/0117199 A1 May 9, 2013 A system, method and computer program product creates an index based on accounting data, or a portfolio of ?nancial objects based on the index where the portfolio is weighted Related US. Application Data according to accounting data. Indexes may be built with met rics other than market capitalization weighting, price weight (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 13/216,238, ing or equal weighting. Financial and non-?nancial metrics ?led onAug. 23, 201 1, which is a continuation-in-part may be used to build indexes to create passive investment of application No. 11/931,913, ?led on Oct. 31, 2007, systems. A combination of ?nancial non-market capitaliza tion metrics may be used with non-?nancial metrics to create (Continued) passive investment systems. Once built, the index may be used as a basis to purchase securities for a portfolio. Speci? (51) Int. Cl. cally excluded are widely-used capitalization-weighted and G06Q 40/00 (2012.01) price-weighted indexes, in which price of a security contrib (52) US. Cl. utes in a substantial way to calculation of weight of that USPC ............................ .. 705/35; 705/36 R; 705/37 security in the index or the portfolio, and equal weighting Field of Classi?cation Search weighted indexes. The indexes may be constructed to mini (58) miZe volatility. USPC .................................................... .. 705/35i37 See application ?le for complete search history. 37 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets ANALYSlS PROGRAM ANALVST [ 716 104 L ; SOFTWARE T531 EXCHANGE HOST QNVESTOR US 8,620,789 B2 Page 2 Related US. Application Data 6,018,722 1/2000 Ray et a1. 6,021,397 2/2000 Jones et a1. (63) noW Pat. No. 8,005,740, Which is a 6,049,772 4/2000 Payne et a1. continuation-in-part of application No. 11/509,002, 6,052,673 4/2000 Leon et a1. ?led onAug. 24, 2006, noW Pat. No. 7,747,502, Which 6,061,663 5/2000 Bloom et a1. 6,064,985 5/2000 Anderson is a continuation-in-part of application No. 6,073,116 6/2000 Boyle 11/196,509, ?led on Aug. 4, 2005, noW Pat. No. 6,078,904 6/2000 Rebane 7,620,577, Which is a continuation-in-part of 6,088,685 7/2000 Kiron et a1. application No. 10/961,404, ?led on Oct. 12, 2004, 6,092,056 7/2000 Tull, Jr. et a1. 6,115,697 9/2000 Gottstein et a1. noW Pat. No. 7,792,719, and a continuation-in-part of 6,134,535 10/2000 BelZberg et a1. application No. 10/159,610, ?led on Jun. 3, 2002, noW 6,154,732 11/2000 TarboX abandoned, said application No. 13/216,238 is a 6,161,098 12/2000 Wallman .................... .. 705/36 T continuation-in-part of application No. 12/619,668, 6,175,824 1/2001 BreitZman et a1. ?led on Nov. 16, 2009, noW Pat. No. 8,374,937, and a 6,233,566 >>>>>>>>>>>>>D> 5/2001 Levine et a1. 6,240,399 5/2001 Frank et a1. continuation-in-part of application No. 12/554,961, 6,247,001 6/2001 Tresp et a1. ?led on Sep. 7, 2009, noW Pat. No. 8,374,951, and a 6,272,474 8/2001 Garcia continuation-in-part of application No. 12/752,159, 6,292,787 9/2001 Scott et a1. ?led on Apr. 1, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,374,939, and a 6,317,700 11/2001 Bagne continuation-in-part of application No. 12/819,199, 6,317,726 11/2001 O’Shaughnessy 6,317,728 11/2001 Kane ?led on Jun. 19, 2010, noW Pat. No. 8,380,604. 6,336,103 1/2002 Baker Provisional application No. 60/541,733, ?led on Feb. 6,338,047 1/2002 Wallman (60) 6,338,067 1/2002 Baker et a1. 4, 2004, provisional application No. 60/751,212, ?led 6,377,963 4/2002 Walker et a1. on Dec. 19, 2005, provisional application No. 6,393,409 5/2002 Young et a1. .................. .. 705/37 60/896,867, ?led on Mar. 23, 2007. 6,405,204 6/2002 Baker et a1. 6,456,982 9/2002 Pilipovic References Cited 6,484,151 11/2002 O’Shaughnessy (56) 6,484,152 11/2002 Robinson 2/2003 Wallman .................... .. 705/36 T U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,516,303 6,598,028 7/2003 Sullivan et a1. 6,601,044 7/2003 Wallman 4,752,877 A 6/1988 Roberts et al. 6,622,129 9/2003 Whitworth 4,871,177 A 10/1989 Mock 6,687,681 2/2004 Schulz et a1. .............. .. 705/36 T 4,910,676 A 3/1990 Alldredge 6,754,639 6/2004 Ginsberg 4,933,842 A 6/1990 Durbin et al. 6,839,685 1/2005 Leistensnider et a1. 4,953,085 A 8/1990 Atkins 6,859,785 2/2005 Case ......................... .. 705/36 R 4,974,983 A 12/1990 Givati 6,876,981 4/2005 Berckmans 4,984,174 A 1/1991 Yasunobu et a1. 6,879,964 4/2005 Sauter et a1. 4,985,833 A 1/1991 Oncken 6,901,383 5/2005 Ricketts et a1. 4,989,141 A 1/1991 Lyons et a1. 6,920,432 7/2005 Carey 5,006,998 A 4/1991 Yasunobu et a1. 6,928,418 8/2005 Michaud et a1. 5,038,284 A 8/1991 Kramer 6,938,009 8/2005 Herbst et a1. 5,101,353 A 3/1992 Lupien et a1. 6,947,901 9/2005 McCabe et a1. 5,126,936 A 6/1992 Champion et a1. 6,985,880 1/2006 Hodgdon et a1. 5,132,899 A 7/1992 Fox 7,016,873 3/2006 Peterson et a1. 5,193,056 A 3/1993 Boes 7,024,388 4/2006 Stefek et a1. 5,220,500 A 6/1993 Baird et a1. 7,031,937 4/2006 Brown et a1. 5,297,032 A 3/1994 Trojan et al. 7,035,820 4/2006 Goodwin et a1. 5,414,838 A 5/1995 Kolton et al. 7,047,217 5/2006 Gottstein 5,444,819 A 8/1995 Negishi 7,050,998 5/2006 Kale et a1. 5,590,325 A 12/1996 Kolton et al. 7,076,461 7/2006 Balabon 5,592,379 A 1/1997 Finfrock et a1. 7,085,738 8/2006 Tarrant 5,644,727 A 7/1997 Atkins 7,089,191 8/2006 Baron et a1. 5,745,706 A 4/1998 Woltberg et a1. 7,089,202 8/2006 McNamar et a1. 5,761,442 A 6/1998 Barr et al. ................. .. 705/36 R 7,089,205 8/2006 Abernethy 5,778,357 A 7/1998 Kolton et al. 7,092,857 8/2006 Steiner et a1. 5,806,048 A 9/1998 Kiron et al. 7,099,838 8/2006 Gastineau et a1. 5,812,987 A 9/1998 Luskin et al. ............. .. 705/36 R 7,107,229 9/2006 Sullivan 5,812,988 A 9/1998 Sandretto 7,117,175 10/2006 Arnott 5,819,238 A 10/1998 FernholZ ................... .. 705/36 R 7,127,423 10/2006 Dunning et a1. 5,819,263 A 10/1998 Bromley et a1. 7,155,468 12/2006 Weiss 5,857,176 A 1/1999 Ginsberg 7,165,044 1/2007 Chaffee 5,873,071 A 2/1999 Ferstenberg et a1. 7,177,831 2/2007 O’Shaughnessy et a1. 705/36 R 5,875,437 A 2/1999 Atkins 7,194,468 3/2007 Bacila et a1. 5,878,405 A 3/1999 Grant et al. 7,206,760 4/2007 Carey et a1. 5,911,135 A 6/1999 Atkins 7,222,093 5/2007 Block et a1. 5,918,217 A 6/1999 Maggioncalda et a1. 5/2007 5,926,792 A 7/1999 Koppes et a1. 7,222,095 Squyres 7/2007 Hoffman et a1. .......... .. 705/36 R 5,930,774 A 7/1999 Chennault 7,249,080 5,946,666 A 8/1999 Nevo et al. 7,249,086 7/2007 Bloom et a1. 5,946,667 A 8/1999 Tull, Jr. et al. 7,251,627 7/2007 Vass 5,978,778 A 11/1999 O’Shaughnessy 7,272,578 9/2007 Leistensnider et a1. 5,987,433 A 11/1999 Crapo 7,295,987 11/2007 Graff 6,003,018 A 12/1999 Michaud et al. 7,299,205 11/2007 Weinberger ............... .. 705/36 R 6,012,043 A 1/2000 Albright et al.
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