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Baubotanik – Arbosculpture

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Baubotanik – Arbosculpture Astrid Paul Seminar: Urban Farming und Permaculture Thema: Baubotanik Baubotanik – Arbosculpture Es existieren einige Begriffe, wie Pooktre, grown Furniture, Treenovation, Tree Shaping, Arbosculpture die das Titelthema bezeichnen. Als deutschen Begriff wollte ich erstmals eine einfache Übersetzung „lebende Möbel“ übersetzen. Nach einer kurzen Internet-Recherche kam die Erkenntnis, dass dieser Begriff auch ein erotisches Rollenspiel darstellt. Daher wird im folgenden Text der bereits existierenden Begriff Arborsculpture übernommen. Was ist Arbosculpture? Der Begriff ist eine Zusammensetzung aus dem lateinischen arbor, was Baum bedeutet und dem Wort sculpture (engl.), welches mit Form oder dem Formen übersetzt werden kann. An sich bezeichnet Arborsculpture das Formen lebender Bäume und anderen holzigen Pflanzen während des Wachstums hin zu nützlichen Objekten und/oder künstlerischen Formen. Historisches Das Formen von Bäumen ist auf eine Jahrhundert alte Kunst zurückzuführen. Ein Beispiel dafür sind die zum Teil an die 30 m langen, lebenden Wurzelbrücken (des Ficus elastica) der Khasi-Menschen von Cherapunjee im Nordosten Indiens. Einige sind über 500 Jahre alt. Bekannt für seine baubotanische Handwerkskunst ist auch das Iya Tal in Japan. Die Glyzinienbrücken, mit ein paar Planken versehen ergeben dort eine stabile Brücke. Behauptungen sagen, dass die ersten Glyzinienbrücken schon im 12. Jahrhundert gewachsen sind, somit wären dies die am ältesten bekannten Beispiele an lebender Architektur global. Abb.1+2: Cherapunjee , die Umshiang Double-Decker und die Glyzinienbrücke im Iya Tal, Japan. Quelle: Ruchira Paul, 2010. Bekannte Künstler Einige baubotanische Künstler haben weltweit Bekanntheit erlangt. Darunter sind unter anderem John Krubsack, Axel Erlandson, Arthur Wiechula, Dan Ladd, Nirandr Boonnetr, Mr. Wu, Peter Cook & Becky Northey, Richard Reames und Dr Chris Cattle. Anwendungsmethoden Es existieren vielfältige Methoden einen Baum zu Formen. Aeroponic culture: "the process of growing plants with air-suspended roots and applying a nutrient mist to the root section," Ein Prozess zur Züchtung von Pflanzen mit Luftwurzeln und das Hinzufügen (natürlich/künstlich) von nährstoffreichem Nebel zum Wurzelbereich. Die Aeroponic Kultur gilt als eine der ältesten jetzt noch existierenden geformten Pflanzen weltweit. Seite | 1 Astrid Paul Seminar: Urban Farming und Permaculture Thema: Baubotanik Instant tree shaping: Instant tree shaping beginnt schon bei ausgereifteren Bäumen, welche vielleicht 2-3 m lang und 7-10 cm dick im Durchmesser sind. Diese werden in das gewünschte Design gewebt und in Form gehalten, was einige Jahre in Anspruch nehmen kann. Dabei ist es wichtig den dynamischen Wachstumsverlauf eines Baumes zu wissen, um das gewollte Ergebnis zu erreichen. Gradual tree shaping: Diese Methode beginnt mit dem Designen und dem entwickeln eines Rahmens, welches fundamental für den Erfolg eines Stückes ist. Wenn dieser Anfangsbedingungen gegeben sind, werden Setzlinge oder junge Bäume (7-30 cm lang) gepflanzt und nur noch über die Jahre beim Wachsen evtl korrigiert bis zur endgültigen ausgereiften Form. Bekannte Techniken Grafting: Unter Grafting versteht man in Deutschland die Veredelung. Eine traditionelle Form der künstlichen vegetativen Vermehrung von verholzenden Pflanzen die bei allen Methoden zum Einsatz kommen kann. Im Prinzip handelt es sich um eine Transplantation eines Pflanzenteiles auf eine andere Pflanze. Framing: Mit Framing ist unterstützen einer Pflanze durch einen Rahmen gemeint. Dabei kann dies zur Unterstützung von Verbindungsstücken bei der Veredelung sein, oder zur Formgebung von jungen Setzlingen oder für Luftwurzeln zur Unterstützung der Wachstumsrichtung sein. Pruning: Pruning bezeichnet den Beschnitt von Pflanzen jeglicher Art. Man unterscheidet hierbei drei Absichten, den Formschnitt, den Pflegeschnitt und den Ernteschnitt. Der Beschnitt dient zur Kontrolle und dem zielgerichteten Wachstum des erzielten Designs. Abb.3: Pooktre Quelle: Peter Cook, 2013 Und warum das Ganze? Als Erklärung, warum die Idee eines lebend gewachsenen Möbelstücks so fasziniert und zu Eigenversuchen anregen soll, ergibt sich aus einem Zitat Christopher Cattles. “Growing furniture isn't going to save the planet, but it can show that it's possible to create genuinely useful things without adding to the pollution that industry inevitably seems to produce…So let's do whatever we can to encourage the revival of such simple and ecologically sound methods, and to promote and encourage new thought along these lines.” (Christopher Cattle, 2006) Auf der folgenden Seite ist eine praktische Anleitung für ein grown furniture von Christopher Cattle zum Selbstversuch angegeben. Seite | 2 Astrid Paul Seminar: Urban Farming und Permaculture Thema: Baubotanik Seite | 3 Astrid Paul Seminar: Urban Farming und Permaculture Thema: Baubotanik Quellen Schoener.waers.wenns.schoener. waer: Baubotanik III & Lebende Möbel. Veröffentlicht am 18.7.2009 In: http://blog.schoener-waers.de/2009/07/18/baubotanik-iii-lebende-mobel/. Zugriff am 26.08.2013. Christopher Cattle: Grown Furniture. Veröffentlich am 08.05.2006. In: http://www.grown- furniture.co.uk/why.html. Zugriff am 26.08.2013. Peter Cook and Becky Northey: Pooktre-Tree Shapers. In: http://pooktre.com/. Zugrriff am 26.8.2013. Ruchira Paul: Living architecture-the root bridges of India and Japan. Veröffentlich am 22.4.2010. http://accidentalblogger.typepad.com/accidental_blogger/2010/04/living-architecture-the-root- bridges-of-india-and-japan.html. Zugriff am 26.8.2013. M. Rebekah Otto et al.: The vinebridges of Iya Valley: In: http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/vine- bridges-japan. Zugriff am 26.8.2013. Seite | 4 .
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