EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-3 | Issue-3| May-Jun-2021 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2021.v03i03.003 Review Article Moi and the Making of the Luyia Nation: The Moses Mudavadi Effect Charles Karani1*, Babere Kerata Chacha2 and Charles O. Choti3 1MA Student, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya 2Senior Lecturer in African History, Laikipia University, Maralal, Kenya 3Lecturer, Department of History, Embu University, Embu, Kenya Abstract: The end of Kenyatta era in 1978 ushered in the Moi era in Kenyan Article History parlance Nyayo era whose key leader the late President Daniel Arap Moi and his crop Received: 02.05.2021 Accepted: 08.06.2021 of politicians would rule Kenya for the next two decades ending in 2002. One of the Published: 12.06.2021 enigmatic politicians of the Nyayo era was Moses Budamba Mudavadi; a man whose clout constantly shook the nascent Kenya. Mudavadi`s name appeared in the media Journal homepage: frequently from the scandals that entangled him. The controversial directions he gave https://www.easpublisher.com as the KANU party Kakamega district torch bearer and later on KANU national Quick Response Code general secretary made him brush shoulders with his political knockers who faced his wrath that sent them into political oblivion. Daniel Moi made many revere Mudavadi. The power he yielded was of an African king and dubbed “King of Mululu.” Moses Mudavadi in his political prime days appeared the most influential cabinet minister from Western province – the home of the Luyia. This paper therefore, shows the social – political relationship that existed between Moses Mudavadi and Daniel Moi that chattered the way for the Luyia nation in the 1980`s. It thus provides a narration on historiography of Luyia nation within the Kenya context so as to bring forth an understanding of Kenyan political terrain during Nyayo era. Keywords: Moi, Luyia, Mudavadi, Effect. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. NTRODUCTION Mudavadi`s and President Moi`s friendship never I simmered. Moi never thought of Mudavadi as an President Moi, the official second president of enemy. The second president of Kenya, Daniel Moi Kenya, 1979 – 2002, ruled Kenya for 24 years. This era covered Mudavadi`s mistakes, and appointed him to is commonly known as the Nyayo era – a word coined several ministries. The clout that Mudavadi harboured from a Kiswahili word that means footsteps. In his as a cabinet minister and leader of KANU party earned philosophy Moi presented himself to Kenyans and the him social, economic and political glory albeit conflicts world as a conscious leader who would follow the with those who coveted or hated his political outfit. footsteps of his predecessor – demised Jomo Kenyatta in his bid to transform Kenya socially, economically Paradoxically even though other scholars had and politically. After the political phobia that researched and written academic papers on biographies characterized change of guard had capsized and Moi of global, continental and Kenyan leaders none dared gripped reins of power; to rule he had to shake the ship write about Mudavadi. Globally, Andrain Gilbert in of his political detractors. In their fall out he brought on 2002 wrote about Franklin D. Roosevelt while Wintle board his political cronies like Moses Mudavadi whom in 2007 wrote about Ataturk Mustafa Kemal. In Africa he had met in the mid 1940`s who would play a crucial Catherine House in 2002 presented a document on role in Moi`s political achievements. President Moi Nelson Mandela. In Kenya, Erick Aseka in 2001 wrote appointed these royal political leaders to be his eye in about Mzee Jomo Kenyatta. Simiyu Wandibba in 2004 provinces. For example, Joseph Kamotho was in charge documented history of Josiah Mwangi Kariuki and of Central province, Robert Ouko manned Nyanza Peter Wanyande in 2002 wrote about Daniel Otiende. province, Nicholas Biwot guarded Rift Valley province while Moses Mudavadi presided over Western The history of the Luyia portend gaps as for a province. long time the focal politician from Luyia region; Moses Mudavadi history was missing from library shelves. It President Moi and Moses Mudavadi had a was therefore prudent for the writer of this paper to unique friendship relationship. Unlike other politicians, carry out a study on the Luyia political paradox leader *Corresponding Author: Charles Karani 128 Charles Karani et al., EAS J Humanit Cult Stud; Vol-3: Iss-3 (May-Jun, 2021): 128-133 and thereafter document a paper to fill a gap on the Mudavadi and often consulted him on many issues Luyia historiography and Kenya at large for educational within his area of jurisdiction. The British consulted purposes and posterity. Mudavadi on an impending replacement of Ole Tameno (nominated to Legco in 1952) who had been recalled by President Moi's leadership style was a replica the councillors in Rift Valley region for negligence of of the first president of Kenya - Jomo Kenyatta that duty due to love of alcohol (Morton, 1988). witnessed blatant tribalism, corruption and political subjugation of contrary voices that eventually The race for a replacement saw Moses plummeted Kenya`s economy during his reign. As Mudavadi (Area Education Officer) whom the colonial Kenyatta had used a Kikuyu power base to promote government had set eyes on step down in favour of his disproportional privileges to the Kikuyu community and pal, Daniel Moi citing the native of Rift Valley region those who subscribed to his populist politics like the being suitable for the seat (Moses Mudavadi was a Luyia whose bedrock was Moses Mudavadi, so did Logooli from the larger Kakamega district). At Moi. By the end of his rule, most senior positions in Kabarnet, the elders of Baringo who included chief Joel government, the military, security agencies, and state Chemirmir, Joel Bultut and Moi`s brother in law James owned corporations were held by Kalenjin and pockets Chelimo met in the office of the D.C called H.J of other tribal proponents like Luyia, Luo, Kamba and Simpson. Enoch Kiprotich Ngulat refusal to take the Coastal people (Khamisi, 2018). seat became a blessing in disguise for Daniel Moi the then head teacher of Kabarnet Intermediate School. Moi Moses Mudavadi did not fit in the shoes of even though proposed by two councillors from Sacho, Moi`s regime by default. His case was a special one as Daudi and chief Tibi to inherit Tameno, refused the it was a payback time by his long-time pal – Daniel nomination at first and it took the assurance of the D.C, Moi. The late President Moi owed his success to H.J Simpson and Moses Mudavadi that he could still Mudavadi whom he met in Baringo in the 1950`s. get his retirement benefits from the colonial Ministry of Mudavadi smartly dressed in khaki shorts and Texan Education in case he lost the election that he accepted to cowboy style hat scoured the 3, 700 square kilometres try his debut in politics (Lumwagi, O.I, 4/3/2016). that formed Baringo district. Mudavadi pushed his battered Land Rover to its limits, as he went around the On 16 October 1955, during an Electoral expansive and hilly district, collecting school fees and College meeting at Nakuru, Moi`s political star out paying teachers as well as inspecting schools. The lanky shone his competitors when he garnered 27 votes 30-year old person called Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi against three of his opponent from Nandi. The was among the teachers in the region (Morton, 1988). appointment was confirmed by a telephone call by the then governor Sir Evelyn Baring to the Rift Valley P.C. At first sight in the valleys of Kabarnet, This was a surprise to Moi who said: Mudavadi the education officer and Moi a classroom I had not expected this at all and I was very hesitant to teacher struck a friendship that would transcend accept as my name had been put forward for the post of decades of years culminating in the two occupation of secretary to Baringo African District Council. I was not Kenya`s political echelon at the demise of Kenyatta in a politician, I was a teacher, and I liked teaching very 1978. Moi as fate dictated, became the president of the much. After discussing the matter with a few friends, I Republic of Kenya. According to Lumwagi (O.I, decided to accept. I said to myself; let me go for a short 4/3/2016) Moi on the other hand contributed greatly to period. If I do not like it, I can come back to teaching sustenance of his friend in the cold and harsh conditions (Morton, 1998). of Baringo. Mudavadi would again become Moi used to fetch charcoal for Mudavadi on a instrumental during 1957 first ever African election bicycle from the rural for domestic use. As a reward, Legco election meant to take eight African members to Mudavadi used his position as a school inspector to the Legco rather than nomination. Mudavadi during recommend the future president then a P4 teacher for an registration of voters in East Baringo convinced the in – service course at Kagumo (Kiambuni) teacher voters to elect Moi. He even threatened to close schools training college. The course earned Moi promotion to a in the area in case they erred in their selection (Morton, P3 teacher.