Principle of Groundwater Flow
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Florida Forever Work Plan
South Florida Water Management District Florida Forever Work Plan December 13, 2001 Florida Forever Work Plan Contributors South Florida Water Management District Florida Forever Work Plan November 2001 Contributors Susan Coughanour Bill Helfferich Jenni Hiscock Lewis Hornung Blair Littlejohn Victor Lopez Gregg Mallinger Victor Mullen Agnes Ramsey Wanda Caffie-Simpson Paul Whalen i Florida Forever Work Plan Contributors ii Florida Forever Work Plan Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 1999, the Florida Forever program was created, which authorized the issuance of bonds in an amount not to exceed $3 billion for acquisitions of land and water areas. This revenue is to be used for the purposes of restoration, conservation, recreation, water resource development, historical preservation and capital improvements to such land and water areas. This program is intended to accomplish environmental restoration, enhance public access and recreational enjoyment, promote long-term management goals, and facilitate water resource development. The requirements for developing The Florida Forever Water Management District Work Plan are contained in Section (s.) 373.199, Florida Statutes (F.S). The provision states that the water management districts are to create a five-year plan that identifies projects meeting specific criteria. In developing their project lists, each district is to integrate its surface water improvement and management plans, Save Our Rivers (SOR) land acquisition lists, stormwater management projects, proposed water resource development projects, proposed water body restoration projects, and other properties or activities that would assist in meeting the goals of Florida Forever. The initial plan was submitted on June 1, 2001 to the President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Secretary of the Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). -
Section 4.5 – Cultural and Paleontological Resources
4.5 Cultural and Paleontological Resources 4.5 CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES This section evaluates the cultural and paleontological resources impacts of the proposed Plan. The information presented was compiled from multiple sources as noted throughout the section. 4.5.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS 4.5.1.1 CULTURAL SETTING Prehistoric Setting The discussion below briefly summarizes the major cultural developments in the region before the arrival of Spanish colonists in 1769. It draws mainly from several decades of archaeological research, which generally recognizes three major periods (Paleoindian, or Paleoamerican; Archaic; and Late Prehistoric), each marked by certain changes in the archaeological record. These archaeological changes appear to reflect a variety of shifts in technology, settlement, and land use. Of the 109 federally recognized Indian tribes in California, 18 are located in San Diego County. The tribal members of today's bands represent four Indian cultural/linguistic groups who have populated this entire region for more than 10,000 years, taking advantage of its abundant natural resources and diverse ecological system for their livelihoods. As described in proposed Plan Appendix G, the four nations are: the Luiseno, Cahuilla, Cupeno, and Kumeyaay. Paleoamerican Period (12,000 to 7,000 Years Before Present [B.P.]) Despite decades of research, the early prehistory of coastal southern California remains poorly understood. The archaeological record does reveal that humans had appeared by about 13,000 years ago on the Channel Islands, where they lived primarily by fishing and shellfishing. These early island components are of interest in that they seem to reflect fully developed maritime economies that were distinct from, but roughly contemporaneous with, the Clovis tradition represented throughout much of interior North America. -
Public Trust: Application of the Public Trust Doctrine to Groundwater Resources
TRUSTING THE PUBLIC TRUST: APPLICATION OF THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE TO GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Jack Tuholske∗ TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................190 I. An Overview of Groundwater Problems in the United States...............193 A. Running Low in the High Plains .....................................................193 B. A Garden in the Wilderness.............................................................195 C. Land Subsidence...............................................................................197 D. Natural Resource Extraction............................................................198 E. Bottled Water: Groundwater as a Consumer Commodity .............200 F. Saltwater Intrusion: The Sea Cometh..............................................201 G. Reduced Surface Flows ...................................................................202 H. Groundwater Depletion: A Pervasive Nationwide Problem .........203 II. A Brief Overview of Groundwater Law ................................................204 A. Common Law Applied to Groundwater .........................................205 B. Statutory Overlays............................................................................211 III. The Public Trust and Groundwater.......................................................214 A. Brief Historical Overview of the Public Trust Doctrine................214 B. New Applications of the Public Trust Doctrine .............................216 IV. Groundwater -
Biscayne Aquifer, Florida Groundwater Provides Nearly 50 Percent of the Nation’S Drinking Water
National Water Quality Program National Water-Quality Assessment Project Groundwater Quality in the Biscayne Aquifer, Florida Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey - (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The Biscayne aquifer constitutes one of the important aquifers being evaluated. Background Overview of Water Quality The Biscayne aquifer underlies an area of about 4,000 square miles in southeastern Florida. About 4 million people live in this area, and the Biscayne aquifer is the primary source of drinking water with about 700 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) withdrawn for public supply in 2000 Inorganic Organic (Maupin and Barber, 2005; Arnold and others, 2020a). The study area for the Biscayne aquifer constituents constituents underlies much of Broward and Miami-Dade Counties in southeastern Florida and includes 3 the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale. Most of the area overlying the aquifer is developed 5 and consists of about 63 percent urban and 9 percent agricultural land use. The remaining area 17 (28 percent) is undeveloped (Homer and others, 2015). The Biscayne aquifer is an unconfined, surficial aquifer made up of shallow, highly 80 95 permeable limestone as well as some sandstone units (Miller, 1990). Because of the shallow depth of the units that make up this aquifer, the connection to surface water is an important aspect of the hydrogeology of the Biscayne aquifer (Miller, 1990). A system of canals and levees are used to manage the freshwater resources of southern Florida. -
Porosity and Permeability Lab
Mrs. Keadle JH Science Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. porosity – the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material’s total volume. permeability – is how well water flows through rock or other earth substance. Factors that affect permeability are how large the pores in the substance are and how well the particles fit together. Water flows between the spaces in the material. If the spaces are close together such as in clay based soils, the water will tend to cling to the material and not pass through it easily or quickly. If the spaces are large, such as in the gravel, the water passes through quickly. There are two other terms that are used with water: percolation and infiltration. percolation – the downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock. infiltration – when the water enters the soil surface after falling from the atmosphere. In this lab, we will test the permeability and porosity of sand, gravel, and soil. Hypothesis Which material do you think will have the highest permeability (fastest time)? ______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest permeability (slowest time)? _____________ Which material do you think will have the highest porosity (largest spaces)? _______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest porosity (smallest spaces)? _______________ 1 Porosity and Permeability Lab Mrs. Keadle JH Science Materials 2 large cups (one with hole in bottom) water marker pea gravel timer yard soil (not potting soil) calculator sand spoon or scraper Procedure for measuring porosity 1. -
Hydrochemical Zoning and Chemical Evolution of the Deep Upper Jurassic Thermal Groundwater Reservoir Using Water Chemical and Environmental Isotope Data
water Article Hydrochemical Zoning and Chemical Evolution of the Deep Upper Jurassic Thermal Groundwater Reservoir Using Water Chemical and Environmental Isotope Data Florian Heine * , Kai Zosseder and Florian Einsiedl * Chair of Hydrogeology, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: fl[email protected] (F.H.); [email protected] (F.E.); Tel.: +49-(89)-289-25833 (F.E.) Abstract: A comprehensive hydrogeological understanding of the deep Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer, which represents an important geothermal reservoir in the South German Molasse Basin (SGMB), is crucial for improved and sustainable groundwater resource management. Water chemical data and environmental isotope analyses of δD, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr were obtained from groundwater of 24 deep Upper Jurassic geothermal wells and coupled with a few analyses of noble gases (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar) and noble gas infiltration temperatures. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three major water types and allowed a hydrochemical zoning of the SGMB, while exploratory factor analyses identified the hydrogeological processes affecting the water chemical composition of the thermal water. Water types 1 and 2 are of Na-[Ca]-HCO3-Cl type, lowly mineralised and have been recharged 87 86 under meteoric cold climate conditions. Both water types show Sr/ Sr signatures, stable water isotopes values and calculated apparent mean residence times, which suggest minor water-rock Citation: Heine, F.; Zosseder, K.; interaction within a hydraulically active flow system of the Northeastern and Southeastern Central Einsiedl, F. Hydrochemical Zoning Molasse Basin. This thermal groundwater have been most likely subglacially recharged in the south and Chemical Evolution of the Deep of the SGMB in close proximity to the Bavarian Alps with a delineated northwards flow direction. -
Heritage of the Birdsville and Strzelecki Tracks
Department for Environment and Heritage Heritage of the Birdsville and Strzelecki Tracks Part of the Far North & Far West Region (Region 13) Historical Research Pty Ltd Adelaide in association with Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd Lyn Leader-Elliott Iris Iwanicki December 2002 Frontispiece Woolshed, Cordillo Downs Station (SHP:009) The Birdsville & Strzelecki Tracks Heritage Survey was financed by the South Australian Government (through the State Heritage Fund) and the Commonwealth of Australia (through the Australian Heritage Commission). It was carried out by heritage consultants Historical Research Pty Ltd, in association with Austral Archaeology Pty Ltd, Lyn Leader-Elliott and Iris Iwanicki between April 2001 and December 2002. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the South Australian Government or the Commonwealth of Australia and they do not accept responsibility for any advice or information in relation to this material. All recommendations are the opinions of the heritage consultants Historical Research Pty Ltd (or their subconsultants) and may not necessarily be acted upon by the State Heritage Authority or the Australian Heritage Commission. Information presented in this document may be copied for non-commercial purposes including for personal or educational uses. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above requires written permission from the South Australian Government or the Commonwealth of Australia. Requests and enquiries should be addressed to either the Manager, Heritage Branch, Department for Environment and Heritage, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA, 5001, or email [email protected], or the Manager, Copyright Services, Info Access, GPO Box 1920, Canberra, ACT, 2601, or email [email protected]. -
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Indicators of Vulnerability and Sustainability in the GAS Aquifer, São Paulo State, Brazil T
Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 14 (2017) 130–149 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrh Hydrogeochemical and isotopic indicators of vulnerability and sustainability in the GAS aquifer, São Paulo State, Brazil T ⁎ Trevor Elliota, , Daniel Marcos Bonottob a School of Natural and Built Environment (SNBE), Queeńs University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK b Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas-IGCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Av. 24-A No. 1515, P.O. Box 178, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Study region: The Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), São Paulo State, Brazil, an important freshwater Environmental Tracers (REEs, Br/Cl, B, δ11B, resource regionally and part of a giant, transboundary system. 87 86 Sr, Sr/ Sr) Study focus: Groundwaters have been sampled along a transect. Based on environmental tracers Groundwater (REEs, Br, B, δ11B, Sr, 87Sr/86Sr) aquifer vulnerability and sustainability issues are identified. Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) New hydrological insights for the region: For sites near to aquifer outcrop, REE and Sr signatures São Paulo State (and relatively light δ13C) trace possible vertical recharge from flood basalts directly overlying Aquifer vulnerability fi Aquifer sustainability the GAS. This highlights aquifer vulnerability where con ned by fewer basalts and/or having cross-cutting fractures. 14C activities for these waters, however, suggest the impact of this re- charge is significantly delayed in reaching the GAS. Anthropogenic sources for boron are not currently encountered; δ11B highlights feldspar dissolution, isotopically lighter signatures in the deepest sampled GAS waters resulting from pH/hydrochemical speciation changes down- gradient. -
Guaraní Aquifer System Agreement
Guaraní Aquifer System Agreement Alberto Manganelli Regional Center for Groundwater Management CeReGAS - Uruguay Virtual Workshop on designing legal frameworks for transboundary water cooperation 28-29 July 2020 Guaraní Aquifer System The Guaraní Aquifer System is located in the central-eastern part of South America It underlies in the territories of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and it covers an area of 1,087,879 km2 The population located on the System is estimated at 90,000,000 inhabitants. The GAS has specific and complex physical, geological, chemical and hydraulic characteristics that were defined as part of the GEF International Waters project “Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of the Guarani Aquifer System”. The project led to the formulation and adoption by the aquifer countries of a Strategic Action Program (SAP) aimed at the long-term sustainability of this huge freshwater resource. Following the adoption of the SA P, the aquifer countries negotiated and signed the “Guarani Aquifer Agreement” - the first shared-management agreement for a transboundary aquifer in Latin America The Guarani Aquifer Agreement (GAA) First of all it is important to highlight that the four countries sharing the GAS decided to negotiate an agreement in the absence of serious conflict over the natural resource The agreement has not yet entered into force as the last instrument of ratification remains to be deposited The GAA sets out a general management framework containing the general rules of international law applicable to transboundary water resources. Art. 2: "Each Party exercises sovereign territorial domain over their respective portions of the SAG ...." Art. 4: Countries must use the aquifer in an equitable and reasonable form. -
THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of GROUNDWATER in CANADA the Expert Panel on Groundwater
THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER IN CANADA The Expert Panel on Groundwater Council of Canadian Academies Science Advice in the Public Interest Conseil des académies canadiennes THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER IN CANADA Report of the Expert Panel on Groundwater iv The Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Canada THE COUNCIL OF CANADIAN ACADEMIES 180 Elgin Street, Ottawa, ON Canada K2P 2K3 Notice: The project that is the subject of this report was undertaken with the approval of the Board of Governors of the Council of Canadian Academies. Board members are drawn from the RSC: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE) and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS), as well as from the general public. The members of the expert panel responsible for the report were selected by the Council for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report was prepared for the Government of Canada in response to a request from Natural Resources Canada via the Minister of Industry. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors – the Expert Panel on Groundwater. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication The sustainable management of groundwater in Canada [electronic resource] / Expert Panel on Groundwater Issued also in French under title: La gestion durable des eaux souterraines au Canada. Includes bibliographical references. Issued also in print format ISBN 978-1-926558-11-0 1. Groundwater--Canada--Management. 2. Groundwater-- Government policy--Canada. 3. Groundwater ecology--Canada. 4. Water quality management--Canada. I. Council of Canadian Academies. -
Hydrogeology of Flowing Artesian Wells in Northwest Ohio
Hydrogeology of Flowing Artesian Wells in Northwest Ohio By Curtis J Coe, CPG and Jim Raab Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Resources June 2016 Bulletin 48 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Site Location and Setting .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 ODH Water Well Regulations for Flowing Artesian Wells ............................................. 3 1.3 Purpose and Scope of Work .............................................................................................. 3 2.0 Previous Work ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Bedrock Hydrogeology ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Glacial Hydrogeolgy ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Williams Complex Aquifer ....................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Williams End Moraine Aquifer ................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 Buried Valley Aquifers ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.4 Lake Maumee Lacustrine Aquifer .......................................................................... -
Snake Plain Aquifer Technical Report
SNAKE PLAIN AQUIFER TECHNICAL REPORT September 1985 IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES SNAKE PLAIN AQUIFER TECHNICAL REPORT September 1985 IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 SNAKE PLAIN AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS 5 Hydrology 5 Soils and Climate 16 Land Use and Groundwater Use 32 Water Quality 36 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES 48 Land Spreading: Septage and Sludge 50 Land Applied Wastewaters 54 Injection Wells 57 Well Drilling 61 Radioactive Materials Sources 62 Surface Run-off 64 Feedlots and Dairies 66 Petroleum Handling and Storage 68 Oil and Gas Pipelines 72 Mining and Oil and Gas Drilling 73 Landfills and Hazardous Waste Sites 74 Pits, Ponds and Lagoons 77 Pesticides 79 Septic Tank Systems 86 Hazardous Substances 89 Geothermal Wells 93 Fertilizer Application 94 Rating and Ranking the Potential Contaminant 95 Sources SUMMARY 99 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Snake Plain Governing Jurisdictions 34 2 Primary Drinking Water Standards 42 3 Drinking Water Standards for Selected Radionuclides 45 4 Characteristics of Septage 50 5 Septage Quantities Disposed on the Snake Plain and Statewide 51 6 Estimated Contaminant Quantities from Septage on the Snake Plain 51 7 Sludge Quantities Disposed on the Snake Plain 52 8 Estimated Pollutant Quantities from Sludge Disposal on the Snake Plain 52 9 Sources of Land-Applied Wastewaters on the Snake Plain 54 10 Characteristics of Selected Wastewaters 55 11 Inventoried Injection Wells within