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Morphology Characterization of Rhopalocera in Two Areas of Resort Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park Riau Province

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Morphology Characterization of Rhopalocera in Two Areas of Resort Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park Riau Province Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):125-137, May 2020 e-ISSN : 2541-4208 p-ISSN : 2548-1606 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION OF RHOPALOCERA IN TWO AREAS OF RESORT BUKIT TIGA PULUH NATIONAL PARK RIAU PROVINCE Ennie Chahyadi1*, Mayta Novaliza Isda2, Appriliya Destiyana3, Fitmawati4, Desita Salbiah5 Received : August 22, 2019 Abstract. Bukit Tiga Puluh National park (TNBT) of Riau Province Accepted : May 07, 2020 is a nature conservation area with a high diversity of fauna, one of which is the butterfly. Butterfly species diversity is influenced by the DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.5743 vegetation in their habitat. The TNBT utilization zone has a habitat 1,2,3,4Department of Biology Faculty of type with varied vegetation. There is no information about the species Mathematic and Natural Sciences of butterflies in the area. This study aimed to identify morphologi- Universitas Riau, Jl. Bina Widya Sim- cal character of butterflies and vegetation based on morphological pang Baru, Pekanbaru Riau 28293, characters. The method used was exploration. The catching area of Telp/Fax (0761) 63273/63279 the butterfly was the Granite waterfall and the Bukit Lancang path of 5 Department Agrotechnology Faculty TNBT utilization zone. Samples made as insectarium and herbarium. of Agriculture, Universitas Riau The identification of butterfly characters consisted of the head, tho- Jl. Bina Widya Simpang Baru Peka- nbaru Riau 28293, Telp/Fax (0761) rax, abdomen, legs and wings. There were a number of different types 63273/63279 of butterflies and plants between the Granite waterfall area (22 and 28 species) and the Bukit Lancang paths (5 and 9 species). The type e-mail: of butterfly was dominated by the family Nymphalidae. This is due to *[email protected] the amount of vegetation and environmental conditions that are more [email protected] favorable in the granite waterfall area. The key determinants of but- [email protected] terfly species are the characters of the wing. The results of this study 4 [email protected] can contribute to maintaining the TNBT butterflies in Riau Province 5 [email protected] and also as database information of butterflies species in Indonesia. *Corresponding author Keywords: butterflies, morphology, Rhopalocera, TNBT, vegetation Citation Chahyadi, E., Isda, M. N., Destiyana, A., Fitmawati & Salbiah, D. (2020). Morphology Charac- terization of Rhopalocera in Two Areas of Resort Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park Riau Province. Jurnal Biodjati, 5(1), 125-137. INTRODUCTION gists. In addition to its interesting morphol- ogy, butterflies also have an important role in Suborder Rhopalocera is known as a the ecosystem. Most species of butterflies act group of insects from the order of Lepidoptera as pollinators, can also be used as a bioindi- which are active during the day. These insects, cator of an environment. The existence, the called butterflies, have beautiful and attrac- survival rate and diversity of butterfly species tive colour morphological characters (Scoble, are closely related to food availability, in this 1995; Campbel et al., 2000). The presence case the vegetation in their habitat (Subahar & of butterflies in an area and tourist attraction Yuliana, 2012; Peggie, 2014; Rinanda et al., can be a charm for tourists and entomolo- 2016). Furthermore, environmental factors Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):125-137, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati such as air temperature and lighting also af- as 66 species with 425 individual butterflies fect the life of a butterfly (Putri, 2014). So the in Nymphalidae family were collected (Bassit role of butterflies is important in nature and & Yulminarti, 2017). Likewise, research con- is beneficial for humans from the aspects of ducted in the campus area of Universitas Pasir ecology, aesthetics, economics, culture and Pengaraian, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Prov- research (Raja, 2012). ince, found seven families, 16 genera and 24 The importance of knowing the types of species of butterflies (Rodianti et al., 2015). butterflies in an area is one of the inventory Based on these studies, we find out some in- efforts that can be used as a first step for the formation and species of butterflies in Riau conservation and management of butterflies Province. Thus, it is interesting and important in area. Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, also to identify the morphological characteristic known as TNBT is one of the important nature and type of habitat vegetation of the Rhopa- conservation in Riau Province. It is located in locera butterfly from different regions in the Indragiri Hulu and Hilir in Riau Province, and TNBT utilization zone of Riau Province. so Tanjung Jabung Barat and Tebo Regencies, Jambi Province. TNBT is lowland tropical MATERIALS AND METHODS forest ecosystem that consists of three main zones, one of them is the utilization zone. In There is no information on what types this zone, there are several areas including the of butterflies exist in the granit waterfall area Granit Waterfall and the Bukit Lancang path. and the Bukit Lancang path, even though the The two areas have different types of habitat presence of butterflies in an area is quite im- vegetation, which are grass, shrubs, trees and portant. The study was conducted from Feb- some water sources (BTNBT, 2014). Differ- ruary to June 2019. Butterfly samples were ent vegetation in various habitats is expected taken from the Talang Lakat Resort conser- to affect the diversity of fauna within it, in- vation area, TNBT Utilization Zone in Riau cluding species of butterfly (Sulistyani, 2013). Province. The sampling area was divided Efforts research on the morphological into two areas namely Granit waterfall/Air character of butterflies in the TNBT utiliza- terjun Granit which is located at the latitude tion area has never been done. In addition, of S 00°48'55.4'' E 102°31'36.6'' and Bukit studying any type of plant vegetation as a Lancang Path/Jalur Bukit Lancang which butterfly habitat is also important, because it is located at S 00°50'28.6'' E 102°30'59.88'' is can support the life of butterflies species. with the distance between both area as far Peggie (2008) has reported that there are as 1.5 km. The determination sampling ar- up to 1,600 species of butterflies in Indone- eas was based on the condition of the vege- sia from 17,500 species of butterflies in the tation type and structure that construct each world. However, studies of butterflies in Riau sampling area which represents in the whole Province still limited, some of them that have area. Sample identification and data analysis been conducted in the Hapanasan area, Rokan were carried out at the Zoology Laboratory Hulu Regency, Riau Province found the num- of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural ber of Nymphalidae families which is domi- Sciences, Universitas Riau. The procedure nant because of the abundant feed in the hab- in this study was carried out by exploring itat (Chahyadi & Bibas, 2016). By combining the sampling area while capturing butterflies methods of catching and fruit bait, as many using insect nets along the path. Butterflies Ihya et al. 126 Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):125-137, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati sampling was carried out at 08.00-11.30 a.m 2017; Peggie, 2014; Septianella et al., 2015). and 15.00-17.30 p.m when the sun was bright Otherwise plants obtained were preserved enough and three observations were made for and made into a herbarium. The documen- each region (Sihombing, 2002; Peggie, 2014). tation of the insectarium and herbarium was Butterflies that have small size were taken and further identified in the laboratory. killed by pressing the thoracic while medium The process of identification of but- and otherwise large butterflies were killed by terflies was based on morphological charac- injecting 70% alcohol on the thorax (Arisandi ters on the head, thorax, abdomen, legs and & Syamsi, 2018). The butterflies were put into wings. Wings are the most important charac- papilot envelopes with the right and left wings ter for identification in the species level. The cupped to prevent damage. If there was a rare observed wing characters including the main type of butterfly then we only took pictures colors of the forewings and hindwings, the for the identification process (Herlina, 2017), length of the front and back wings, the width while the butterfly was released again. We of the front and back wings, the shape of the took a maximum of three individuals for each lower wing edge, the shape of the wing tips, species, the number of samples taken was lim- and the length of the wing span (Figure 1). ited it is taken from a conservation area. All Measurement of butterfly body parts was con- specimens were taken under permission of ducted using calipers and ImageJ application TNBT office with the number of registration (Rueden et al., 2017), while color characters of BA.04/BTNBT/TU/03/2019. Likewise for use Munsell color references. Butterfly iden- vegetation, leaves, flowers and fruits collec- tification referreds to literatures of: Borror tion were also carried out from several branch- (1992); Corbet & Pendlebury (1992); Braby es for each plant (Djarwaningsih et al., 2011). (2004); Triplehorn & Johnson (2005); Gupta The Butterflies sample obtained were & Mondal (2005); Abang (2006); Peggie & pierced on the thorax with an insect needle Amir (2006); Peggie (2011) and Baskoro et and stretched on a stretcher. The prepared al. (2018). Plant identification was observed butterfly samples were then dried in an oven based on the morphological characters of at 40°C for two days or adjusted to the but- leaves, twigs, flowers and fruit, with referred terflies body size. Dried butterflies were set to the literature og Djarwaningsih et al. (2011).
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