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States Symbols State/ Union Territories Motto Song Animal / Aquatic
States Symbols State/ Animal / Foundation Butterfly / Motto Song Bird Fish Flower Fruit Tree Union territories Aquatic Animal day Reptile Maa Telugu Rose-ringed Snakehead Blackbuck Common Mango సతవ జయే Thalliki parakeet Murrel Neem Andhra Pradesh (Antilope jasmine (Mangifera indica) 1 November Satyameva Jayate (To Our Mother (Coracias (Channa (Azadirachta indica) cervicapra) (Jasminum officinale) (Truth alone triumphs) Telugu) benghalensis) striata) सयमेव जयते Mithun Hornbill Hollong ( Dipterocarpus Arunachal Pradesh (Rhynchostylis retusa) 20 February Satyameva Jayate (Bos frontalis) (Buceros bicornis) macrocarpus) (Truth alone triumphs) Satyameva O Mur Apunar Desh Indian rhinoceros White-winged duck Foxtail orchid Hollong (Dipterocarpus Assam सयमेव जयते 2 December Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) (O My Endearing Country) (Rhinoceros unicornis) (Asarcornis scutulata) (Rhynchostylis retusa) macrocarpus) Mere Bharat Ke House Sparrow Kachnar Mango Bihar Kanth Haar Gaur (Mithun) Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) 22 March (Passer domesticus) (Phanera variegata) (Mangifera indica) (The Garland of My India) Arpa Pairi Ke Dhar Satyameva Wild buffalo Hill myna Rhynchostylis Chhattisgarh सयमेव जयते (The Streams of Arpa Sal (Shorea robusta) 1 November (Bubalus bubalis) (Gracula religiosa) gigantea Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) and Pairi) सव भाण पयतु मा किच Coconut palm Cocos दुःखमानुयात् Ruby Throated Grey mullet/Shevtto Jasmine nucifera (State heritage tree)/ Goa Sarve bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā Gaur (Bos gaurus) Yellow Bulbul in Konkani 30 May (Plumeria rubra) -
A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion. -
Hot Spring Puddling by Butterflies
Ecologica Montenegrina 31: 46-49 (2020) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.31.10 Hot spring puddling by butterflies YULIA S. KOLOSOVA*, OLGA V. AKSENOVA, ILYA V. VIKHREV & IVAN N. BOLOTOV N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 2 May 2020│ Accepted by V. Pešić: 20 May 2020 │ Published online: 23 May 2020. Puddling behavior of butterflies and moths is a well-known phenomenon driven by a deficit of several minerals and nutrients in larval and imago diet, especially sodium and proteins (Arms et al. 1974; Adler 1982; Boggs and Jackson 1991; Beck et al. 1999; John & Tennent 2012; Inoue et al. 2012). In particular, sodium and albumin were found to be the most attractive puddling resources for tropical butterflies on Borneo based on the results of a long-term experimental study (Beck et al. 1999). This kind of behavior is more characteristic for males, while female butterfly puddling occurs only occasionally (Beck et al. 1999; Adler & Pearson 1982; Scriber 1987, 2002; John & Tennent 2012; John & Dennis 2019). Male puddling could increase reproductive success in butterflies because minerals and nutrients are transferred through the spermatophore at mating (Boggs & Gilbert 1979; Pivnick & McNeil 1987; Smedley & Eisner 1996; Dennis et al. 2014; Mitra et al. 2016). It was shown that another purpose of puddling by males of swallowtail butterflies is to excrete excessive potassium (Inoue et al. -
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 1, 206-211
ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 1, 206-211 Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE BUTTERFLY SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN MANIKKUNNUMALA FOREST OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA. M. K. Nandakumar1, V.V. Sivan1, Jayesh P Joseph1, M. M. Jithin1, M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan2, N. Anilkumar1. 1 Community Agrobiodiversity Centre, M S Swaminathan Research Foundation,Puthoorvayal, Kalpetta, Kerala- 673121, India 2 Department of Botany, Payyanur College, Edat P.O., Kannur, Kerala-670327, India Manuscript Info Abstract Manuscript History: Butterflies, one of the most researched insect groups throughout the world, are also one of the groups that face serious threats of various kinds and in Received: 11 November 2014 Final Accepted: 26 December 2014 varying degrees. Wayanad district is one of the biodiversity rich landscapes Published Online: January 2015 within the biodiversity hot spot of Western Ghats. This paper essentially deals with the abundance and diversity of butterfly species in Key words: Manikkunnumala forest in Wayanad district of Western Ghats. The hilly ecosystem of this area is under various pressures mainly being Butterfly diversity, Abundance, anthropogenic. Still this area exhibits fairly good diversity; this includes Wayanad, Western Ghats some very rare and endemic butterflies. When assessed the rarity and *Corresponding Author abundance, six out of 94 recorded butterflies comes under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The area needs immediate attention to conserve the M. K. Nandakumar remaining vegetation in order to protect the butterfly diversity. Copy Right, IJAR, 2015,. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION Butterflies are one of the unique groups of insects, which grasp the attention of nature lovers worldwide. -
Diversity of Swallowtal Butterfly Species (Rhopalocra, Papilionidae) in Three Protected Areas of Thua Thien Hue Province
Management of Forest Resources and Environment DIVERSITY OF SWALLOWTAL BUTTERFLY SPECIES (RHOPALOCRA, PAPILIONIDAE) IN THREE PROTECTED AREAS OF THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE Vu Van Lien1, Le Quynh Trang1, Christoph L. Häuser2, Vo Dinh Ba3, Bui Dinh Duc4 1Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST 2Natural History Museum Berlin, Germany 3University of Science, Hue University 4Vietnam National University of Forestry SUMMARY The study on swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) of three protected areas of Thua Thien Hue province was carried out sometimes between April and June from 2015 to 2018, at different habitats and altitudes in Bach Ma National Park (NP), Phong Dien Nature Reserve (NR), and Sao La Nature Reserve (NR). Butterflies were observed and collected randomly by insect nets in the surveyed areas. In additional, butterfly species were also referred from previous works on butterflies in the area to make a list of Papilionidae species. The similarity of species composition between three protected areas was analyzed with Cluster Analysis by Primer V5. Total 36 species of the Papilionidae family has been recorded in three protected areas. There are 4 species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007): Troides helena, T. aeacus, Teinopalpus aureus, and Papilio noblei. Among them, first three species are listed in the CITES (2018). Teinopalpus aureus is in the Red List of IUCN (2018). The similarity of species composition between protected areas is rather high (67%), highest between Phong Dien NR and Sao Lao NR (69.8%). The species composition of Bach Ma NP is slightly different from Phong Dien NR and Sao La NR as Bach Ma NP has 7 species not found in two other protected areas. -
Probable Temperature Mediated Leucism and Phenology of Byasa Polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the Western Himalaya, India 142-144 142 Nachr
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 33 Autor(en)/Author(s): Smetacek Peter Artikel/Article: Probable temperature mediated leucism and phenology of Byasa polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the Western Himalaya, India 142-144 142 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 33 (2/3): 142–144 (2012) Probable temperature mediated leucism and phenology of Byasa polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the Western Himalaya, India Peter Smetacek Peter Smetacek, Butterfly Research Centre, Jones Estate, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 263 136; [email protected] Abstract: The first instance of leucism in troidine larvae is lo chia di la ta ta plant at 2200 m in Rata Forest, Nainital reported. The change of one larva from leucistic to normal dis trict, Uttarakhand, India, that were unlike any pre when brought to lower elevation is linked to an increase in vious ly known larvae of this butterfly (Fig. 9). They tem perature. The phenology of Byasa polyeuctes (Dou ble lack ed most of the dark streaks and the dis tinc tive sub day, 1842) in the Western Himalaya is discussed. ventral white tubercle on the 3rd abdominal seg ment, white dorsal tubercle on the 4th abdominal seg ment; Wahrscheinlich temperaturbeeinflußter Leukismus und Phänologie von Byasa polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842) white dorsal tubercle on the 7th abdominal seg ment and (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) im Westhimalaya, Indien white subventral tubercle on the 8th abdo min al seg ment were indistinguishable from other tu ber cles ex cept by Zusammenfassung: Ein erstes bekanntgewordenes Beispiel für einen Raupenleukismus bei TroidiniRaupen wird the lack of crimson on their tips. -
Of the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY GHOST DANCING
of the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Number 1 Jan/Feb 1977 EDITOR: Jo Brewer, 257 Common Street, Dedham, MA 02026 ~.S.A. Spreading Board: Dr. Charles V. Covell, Jr., Dept. of B10logy, Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Frances Chew H.A. Freeman Bryant Mather Robert Robbins J. Donald Eff Q. F. Hess M. C. Nielsen John H. Shepard Thomas C. Emmel Robert L. Langston K. W. Philip E. C. Welling M. Thomas Franks William D. Winter, Jr. GHOST DANCING The locale was around a campfire in the New Brunswick woods many years ago. Some of the happen ings, although hardly epochal, will bear relating. A yarn was born there which many collectors alreaqy have heard; it has become a part of that vast body of incredible doings known as the Entomologica Apocrypha (about which the less said in print the better). Stop me if you've heard about the exceedingly steatopygous lady who was demanding, "How you tell dem boy butterfly from dose girl butterfly, huh?" Who could resist telling her, "The girl is wider on the bottom." Fortunately her husband had a beautiful sense of humor. But that is another tale, so to speak, and quite subsidiary to the main event, namely a visit from the camp ranger, bear ing gifts for the mad scientist. To wit: one large green telephone insulator serving as a makeshift container for some moths taken at a cabin window. Now, surely every lepidopterist knows Whosit's Law - (Whosit ranks right up there with Parkinson and Murphy as a lawgiver): In any batch of junk picked up by any rank amateur, there will be. -
The Evolutionary Biology of Herbivorous Insects
GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 1 Aptara (PPG-Quark) PART I EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS AND SPECIES GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 2 Aptara (PPG-Quark) GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 3 Aptara (PPG-Quark) ONE Chemical Mediation of Host-Plant Specialization: The Papilionid Paradigm MAY R. BERENBAUM AND PAUL P. FEENY Understanding the physiological and behavioral mecha- chemistry throughout the life cycle are central to these nisms underlying host-plant specialization in holo- debates. Almost 60 years ago, Dethier (1948) suggested that metabolous species, which undergo complete development “the first barrier to be overcome in the insect-plant relation- with a pupal stage, presents a particular challenge in that ship is a behavioral one. The insect must sense and discrim- the process of host-plant selection is generally carried out inate before nutritional and toxic factors become opera- by the adult stage, whereas host-plant utilization is more tive.” Thus, Dethier argued for the primacy of adult [AQ2] the province of the larval stage (Thompson 1988a, 1988b). preference, or detection and response to kairomonal cues, Thus, within a species, critical chemical, physical, or visual in host-plant shifts. In contrast, Ehrlich and Raven (1964) cues for host-plant identification may differ over the course reasoned that “after the restriction of certain groups of of the life cycle. An organizing principle for the study of insects to a narrow range of food plants, the formerly repel- host-range evolution is the preference-performance hypoth- lent substances of these plants might . -
Of Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, Arunachal Pradesh, India
JoTT NOTE 4(12): 3137–3160 Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Dibang is protected under Mehao Wildlife Valley, Mishmi Hills, Arunachal Sanctuary (93030’–95045’N & Pradesh, India 28005’–28015’E) (MWS) (Image 1). Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi The Dibang River originates in the western part of China and flows through this valley in a north- Centre for Biodiversity and Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam south direction. It is one of the main tributaries of the University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India Brahmaputra. Email: [email protected] The vegetation is characterized by tropical evergreen forests (up to 900m), subtropical and The Mishmi Hills (95049’–95059’ N & 28006’– temperate forests (900–1800 m), temperate broad leaf 28023’E) are located in the eastern region of Arunachal forest (1800–2800 m) and temperate conifer forest Pradesh. The altitude varies from 400–3568 m. The (2800–3500 m) (Champion & Seth 1968). hill range lies to the north of the Assam Valley. The major part of the Mishmi Hills is in the Dibang Methods Valley districts of Arunachal Pradesh. The Dibang Study Area: 1. Sally Lake (Image 2): The Lake is Valley districts have two divisions - Lower and Upper about 5km from Roing Town and lies at an altitude of Dibang Valley. The headquarters of the two districts about 400m. The lake is very close to the Deopani are Roing and Anini, respectively. Roing lies on River and is surrounded by hills. Small streams flow the plains near the Lohit River while Anini is at an through the bamboo forest into the open areas. -
Two Projects of Butterfly Farming in Cambodia and Tanzania (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista De Lepidopterología, Vol
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España van der Heyden, T. Local and effective: Two projects of butterfly farming in Cambodia and Tanzania (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 39, núm. 155, septiembre, 2011, pp. 267-270 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45522101004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 267-270 Local and effective Tw 10/9/11 17:37 Página 267 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 39 (155), septiembre 2011: 267-270 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 Local and effective: Two projects of butterfly farming in Cambodia and Tanzania (Insecta: Lepidoptera) T. van der Heyden Abstract The projects “Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre” in Cambodia (Asia) and “Zanzibar Butterfly Centre” in Tanzania (Africa) are presented as models of sustainable butterfly farming to support local communities. KEY WORDS: Insecta, Lepidoptera, butterfly farming, sustainability, conservation, development, tropics, Cambodia, Tanzania. Local y efectivo: Dos proyectos de cría de mariposas en Camboya y Tanzania (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Resumen Los proyectos “Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre” en Camboya (Asia) y “Zanzibar Butterfly Centre” in Tanzania -
Vol.22 (2), June, 2020 BIONOTES TABLE of CONTENTS
ISSN 0972- 1800 VOLUME 22, NO. 2 QUARTERLY APRIL-JUNE, 2020 Date of Publication: 28th June, 2020 BIONOTES A Quarterly Newsletter for Research Notes and News On Any Aspect Related with Life Forms BIONOTES articles are abstracted/indexed/available in the Indian Science Abstracts, INSDOC; Zoological Record; Thomson Reuters (U.S.A); CAB International (U.K.); The Natural History Museum Library & Archives, London: Library Naturkundemuseum, Erfurt (Germany) etc. and online databases. Founder Editor Manuscripts Dr. R. K. Varshney, Aligarh, India Please E-mail to [email protected]. Board of Editors Guidelines for Authors Peter Smetacek, Bhimtal, India BIONOTES publishes short notes on any aspect of biology. Usually submissions are V.V. Ramamurthy, New Delhi, India reviewed by one or two reviewers. Jean Haxaire, Laplune, France Kindly submit a manuscript after studying the format used in this journal Vernon Antoine Brou, Jr., Abita Springs, (http://www.entosocindia.org/). Editor U.S.A. reserves the right to reject articles that do not Zdenek F. Fric, Ceske Budejovice, Czech adhere to our format. Please provide a contact Republic telephone number. Authors will be provided Stefan Naumann, Berlin, Germany with a pdf file of their publication. R.C. Kendrick, Hong Kong SAR Address for Correspondence Publication Policy Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal, Information, statements or findings Uttarakhand 263 136, India. Phone: +91 published are the views of its author/ source 8938896403. only. Email: [email protected] From Volume 21 Published by the Entomological Society of India (ESI), New Delhi (Nodal Officer: V.V. Ramamurthy, ESI, New Delhi) And Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal Executive Editor: Peter Smetacek Assistant Editor: Shristee Panthee Butterfly Research Trust, Bhimtal Published by Dr. -
The Negros Ark: a Hypothesis the Systematics and Biogeography of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) in the Philippines
REVIEW PAPER | Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology The Negros Ark: A Hypothesis The systematics and biogeography of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) in the Philippines Jade Aster T. Badon* ABSTRACT Current distributional data on Philippine butterflies suggests that colonization and exchange of species between Luzon and Mindanao are hypothesized to have occurred during the Miocene Epoch (23-5.3 million years ago). Species from the families Pieridae, Hesperiidae, and Zygaenidae were set as an example to explain some disjunction of distribution of some species in the archipelago. The hypothesis will definitely become an interest in the field of biogeographical and phylogenetic studies in the country. KEYWORDS: butterfly, colonization, biogeography INTRODUCTION that the genus Delias (Hübner 1819) originated in Australia (Braby & Pierce 2006), and the genus also likely to have Baltazar (1991) published the first checklist of Philippine colonized neighboring islands during the early Miocene (23- butterflies which provided island distribution, while Treadaway 5.3 million years ago) (Figure 1f) and reached the Wallacea and Schroeder (2012) published a revised edition which also (Müller et al. 2012). Basic information on butterfly species hypothesized the areas where butterflies may have reached distribution through surveys are very important in the the Philippines from mainland Asia and neighboring Pacific Philippines (Cayabyab et al. 1994; Cayabyab et al. 2000) islands. Reliable information on the evolution of plants and as well as their hostplants (Cayabyab et. al. 1993). Braby animals from biologists are essential for the paleogeography (2006) noted that larvae of Delias henningia from Palawan of Sundaland and Wallacea (Hall 2013). Philippine geology and Luzon are able to consume plants species belonging in remains poorly known in the relation to many other parts of both Loranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae, although, most Southeast Asia (Hall 2017, pers.comm.).