Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split- county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, , 179-189.

PLANNING OF ASSIGNMENT AND PROTECTION OF MARINE AREA IN SPLIT- DALMATIA COUNTY

1 2 Vlado DADIC , Mladen SRDELIC 1 Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries 21 000 Split, Ivana Meštrovića 63, Croatia [email protected] 2 Croatian Hydrographic Institute 21 000 Split, Zrinsko Frankopanska 161, Croatia E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The key factor for planning of sustainable development of marine areas is the definition of their assignments. In the frame of these tasks different classification criteria for usage and protection of marine areas were defined, based on the possible conflicts among different activities and biological diversity principles. The most ecologically sensitive marine areas, e.g. areas rich with flora and fauna, or very important for fish spawning, have been recognised with the aim to be protected. Overlaying of different thematic layers by GIS tools, created on the base of the predefined criteria and actual stage of marine environment, the optimal assignments of marine areas in the Split - Dalmatia County were proposed.

1 Introduction Split-Dalmatia County is spatially the largest county in the Republic of Croatia and it is located in the middle part of the region of Dalmatia (Fig. 1) . Marine is the most valuable natural resource of this County and represents 67 % of total area (9.470 km2). So, marine area is suitable for development of various economic activities (, maritime affairs, trade, fishing, mariculture and shipbuilding, etc.). Marine area in Split-Dalmatia County represents the complex ecological system that is very sensitive on influence of the human activities. Unfortunately, the main quantity of waste matters as result of human activities directly or indirectly comes in the sea. Bringing waste matters in the sea, exploitation of marine and its renewable and not renewable resources without regulations, or bringing alohote species can cause degradation of the marine environment. For example, in Split-Dalmatia County there are more sewerage systems with outlets in the sea, uncontrolled exploitation of marine sands has been done, toxic alga Caulerpa taxifolia was brought, etc. Due to these activities changes in the marine ecosystem can be short-term without or long-term with permanent degradation of it (e.g. changing in species population). In objective of enabling sustainable development (investigation, exploitation and protection) of marine area as well as whole County area it is necessary to adopt a plan of marine area assignment as a part of complex management program of coastal area.

CROATIA

Fig. 1 Location of Split-Dalmatia County Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

Based on specific physical, chemical and biological properties, marine area belonging to Split- Dalmatia County has been divided in particular areas as follows: wide area of Bay, islands of Big and Small Drvenik, island of Solta, Channels of Split and Brac, Kastela Bay, Channel of , Channels of and island of Korcula, Channels of islands and Bisevo, area of island of Jabuka and area of Palagruza archipelago. For each of these areas border and measures of protection were defined; natural properties, existing stage and possible conflicts were reviewed. Coastal area (Kastela Bay and Trogir, Split and Brac Channels) is under strong coastal influence, and other areas are more influenced by water mass of the open sea. In biological sense, marine area in County is oligotrophic (biologically less productive) except in the wide area of city of Split. Actual natural condition of marine area in the County can be shown through more relevant parameters but unfortunately, there are no enough related measurements in the most of marine areas. In fact, there are many research activities of physical, chemical and biological properties of marine area close to city of Split, and some occasionally investigation had been undertaken in a few areas in the frame of some developing programs. For example, there is no information on the quantity of toxic, long-term stabile and accumulated matters in marine as PAH, PCB, etc. Based on measured data and background knowledge of marine ecosystem an assignment of usage of marine areas in Split-Dalmatia County was proposed. In resolving of this task the great help gave RDBMS (Relational database management system) in connection with GIS technology.

2 Methodology in organizing database and GIS layers

As a basic part of determination of assignment of the marine area there has been attempt to define suitable spatial and non-spatial parameters for the collection of coastal area related information and data. Appropriate databases (MEDAS - Marine environmental database of the ) with spatial and non-spatial data were developed in the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split. It consists of two parts:  Relational database with row data (thematic data related sea, land and area) developed with  ORACLE RDBMS and corresponding CASE tools,  Topological database with graphical data (geographic map layers, geographic objects and features, their corresponding attributes, etc.) developed with Arc/Info and ArcView software tools. Overlaying of different spatial layers GIS technology enables visual presentation of spatial relationship among different users, possible conflicts in the marine area, visualisation of “what if” analysis to help decision maker in assignment of usage of marine areas, etc.

3 Principles and criteria for planning of marine area assignment

In the context of planning any activity we must start from a national policy statement. The next instance is local (county) policy statement that will lead to the structuring of the action and planning procedure. One of the most important stages of planning process involves a global database concerning existing and planned economic activities, evaluation of the demands of particular coastal users, global environmental conditions, as well as life support infrastructure. During planning in determination of assignment of marine area in Split-Dalmatia County the next basic principles were took into account:   Marine protection from any kind of pollution,  Protection of areas as national valuable resources in such manner that developing projects planned to be build in the area of existing centres,  Improvement of existing traffic routes avoiding opening a new ones in objectives protection of environment,  Secure and interconnection of developing marine and coastal area with secure the most important natural resources,  Secure and protection areas important for spawning and growing of economically important species as well as ecologically valuable areas,  Secure of all subjects’ involvement in the process of developing planning with accepting their specific role in the realisation of development, protection and monitoring of the environment. Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

While applying the above mentioned principles the next criteria were took in account:   Classification of homogeneous zones,  Management of city development,  Location of industrial zones and objects,  Determination of zones for tourism and recreation, specially protected areas and areas suitable for mariculture,  Socio-economic criteria. Also, based on principles of protection of marine biological diversity the next basic criteria for sustainable exploitation of live marine resources were defined:   Minimal size of economically important species to be allowed for fishing and marketing,  Period of spawning of economically important species,  Maximal allowed power of trawlers engine and total number fishing licence for trawlers,  Kind and size of allowed fishing tools,  Protocol for usage of fishing tools and their specific purposes,  Restriction in fishing of different species and predefined yearly quote,  Number of privileges for economical fishing, and number of licences for small fishing,  Fishing for recreation and sport and yearly quotes,  Reviewing of stage of marine species communities, waste matters thrown from fishing boats, and optimal conditions for spawning, feeding and growing of marine species.

3 Sources of pollution in marine area

As a first step in planning of assignment of marine area is recognising of activities those mainly influence on degradation of marine ecosystem. In this paper classification of main activities with the most effect on the marine environment is based on the Convention for protection of Mediterranean Sea adopted 1976 and revised 1995 in Barcelona. It includes: activities and sources located on land, pollution from ships or burned matter in the sea, and pollution as result of investigation and exploitation of sea and sea bed. In Split-Dalmatia County the major pollutants in marine area are:  Waste water of the cities (total number of population is 550 thousands, and total quantity of waste water is 62 billion of cubic meters per year including about 50% of waste water without any purification),  Industrial waste water (mainly in area between cities Trogir and Omis including Channels of Split and Brac),  Waste water carrying by rivers , and Zrnovnica, as well as some submarine springs, but it can be neglected in comparison with quantity of waste water from sewerage system)  Various rigid waste matters from land and air, waste oil and solid litter from ships, etc. (their quantity is not possible to estimate even roughly).

3.1 Influence of waste matters pollutants on changing of marine ecosystem

As result of pollutants discharging from land into the sea there is eutrophication of marine environment including: reduction of water transparent, changes in water colour, oxygen (hypoxia and anoxia) and in structure of species communities (expiration of ecologically sensitive species and increasing of accommodated species in polluted environment, fast growing of phytoplankton communities -“red tide”), decreasing of biomass of economically important species, etc. Some of these changes are noxious for whole ecosystem, and some can be dangerous for human health. Based on existing data related marine water quality and concentration of main pollutants it can be concluded that coastal and open sea of Split -Dalmatia County is generally clean. Only small area close to large urban centres is polluted mainly by wastewater discharging without any purification in the sea surface through many outlets. Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

3.2 Influence of usage of marine resources on the ecosystem

Fishing is the most important economic activity based on exploitation of marine resources. Certain importance represents exploitation of sand in coastal area, which caused unwanted erosion in areas close to cities Omis and . At the several places in county land area extended throwing stone and different matters in the sea. This activity was against law and caused destruction of biological communities in those areas. In the wide area of Palagruza Island there is the most important trawlers fishing area. Recent research shows decreasing both in quantity of fishing catch and changes in structure of fish populations caused by over-fishing and changing in marine ecology. Mariculture activity has improved in recent years and today there are 6 locations with fish farming in cages (mainly sea bass and Atlantic tuna). As there is no monitoring, influence of mariculture activities on the marine environment is not known.

4 Identification of the ecologically valuable areas and locations important for developing of biological species

Recent years in Split-Dalmatia County natural marine populations have been under strong influence of changes in the environment as result of human activities. These changes are especially visible in the marine areas close to coastline and islands. Therefore, it is necessary researching and monitoring of specific sensitive biotopes important for spawning, feeding and growing of fish juveniles in aim to protect genetic and biological diversities of marine areas in County. Based on the results of researching marine protect areas have to be defined (marine parks, marine reserves, fishing protected areas, protected sanctuary) those enable of protection and evaluation of biological resources, education of populations in the marine surroundings, etc. Criteria for determination of protected marine areas have been social (acceptability of areas, health protection, recreation, culture, aesthetic, and education), economic (fishing and tourism), ecological (biological diversity, naturally, representative, uniquely), and pragmatic. Identification of ecologically valuable areas with planned protection, areas important for habitat and developing of biological species and area suitable for fishing activities is necessary for selection of area for protection. To achieve these objectives Split- Dalmatia County has been divided in eleven above mentioned specific marine sub regions. Degree of success in protection of marine areas can be estimated based on the different scientific and socio-economic criteria.

5 Determination of assignment and protection of marine area

Comprehensive program for determination of assignment and protection of marine area in Split- Dalmatia County was took in account:  Identification and evaluation of problems in relation with: providing of food for population in the coastal area and islands, health of sea food consumers and sea users, stability of the coastal and marine resources and health of ecosystems including biological diversity, protection of population of important marine species, economic and social benefit, pollutants (waste water, stable organic and radioactive matters, heavy metals, oil and oil products, nutrients, shore erosion, throwing off hard waste in the sea), usage of renewable and not renewable marine resources (over fishing, fishing of juveniles, fishing during spawning, shore erosion, exploitation of sand, etc), economic activities (tourism and recreation, nautical truism, industry, farming of marine species, etc.), physical changing in the marine and coastal area (construction of different objects in marine, destruction of marine species whereabouts, changing of shore line, etc.), sources of degradation in the marine and coastal area (sources of waste in the wide coastal area as industries, road traffic, agriculture activities, etc.), areas of interests (whereabouts of sensitive and imperilled marine species, ecosystem components including area of spawning of economically important species, specially valuable landsCape, shore line, mouth of rivers, specially protected marine areas, small islands, etc.),  Classification and reinstatement of priority (defined on the base of estimation of above elements) has taken care on:  Relative character of influence on secure of foods for populations on islands, health services, sustainable of marine wealth, health of marine ecosystem, socio-economic benefits in relation with Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189. category of sources and activities of marine pollution, ways and categories of utilisation of renewal alive and unlived goods of marine, and area under influences,  Prices, benefit and prospectus of action including price in long period without undertaking of action,  Definition of objectives and ways for resolving of priority problems in the frame of the management system in relation to the specific economic activities, kind of activities and sources of pollutants, as well as renewable and not renewable marine resources and imperilled area. It was necessary to defined final objectives and ways how to acquire them as well as specific achievements in imperilled areas and specific resources and economic sectors (industry, agriculture, cities, tourism, recreation, etc),  Identification, evaluation and selection of strategies and criteria for selected way for resolving of each priority problems involve the next measures if necessary: Measure for promotion of sustainable utilisation of marine resources, prevent and/or decrease in degradation of marine area (e.g. application of the best techniques and ecological experience involving replacing matters and processes those have negative influence on the environment, implementation of so call “clean” technologies involving optimal usage of energy, water in all sectors of consumption), Measures for recycling of pollutants and all other kinds of degradations, Measures for prevention, reduction, and removal of degradation matters in imperilled area,  Demands and animating for initiation of activities those are necessary for reinstatement of measures as: Economical instruments and animating having in mind that “the polluter” has to pay, Regulation measures, Technical help including improvement of personnel education, Ecological education of the wide public population,  Identification of institutions those have to be involved jointly with authorities in implementation of activities related to strategies and programs,   Identification of short-term and long-term collecting of data and research activities,  Development of monitoring and reporting system for evaluation and depending of necessity of accepting the strategies and programs,  Identification of fund sources to cover administrative and management strategies expense, definition of criteria for evaluation of efficiency of accepted strategies and programs (Key-element successful of strategies and programs is development of criteria for evaluation of their efficiency and related success: ecological efficiency of undertaken measures and activities, economic expenses of the undertaken measures and activities versus obtained benefit, equitable distribution of expense and benefit, flexibility in management depending of short-term conditions, efficiency in administration, time relation in defined strategies and objectives and obtained results, etc.),  Determining programs of elements necessary for support in resolving of priority problems those must be involved in the framework of the national objectives and programs relating sustainable development. As a part of these tasks it is necessary to organise administrative and other structures for implementation activities (those involve organisational pyramid among specific sectors and institutions), administrative and mechanism compulsion, financial mechanisms, necessary researches and monitoring for implementation of program, education of specialists, and acquiring the public sensibility to ecological problems. Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

5.1 Priorities in planning of assignment and protection of marine and coastal area

Based on responsibilities there were different priority tasks in Split-Dalmatia County as follow:   Restitution of cadastre for pollutants,  Restitution of program for monitoring pollutants in the marine environment of County,  Investigation of potential valuable ecological area of marine - those could be imperilled by planned activities,  Construction of waste-water systems with purification and submarine outfalls in aim to prevent uncontrolled leaving out city-effluents in the sea,  Construction of purification system of industrial waste water on the place of their source before leaving out in the sewerage system,  Define of assignation of the whole marine area in the county (marine zoning) for purpose of planning and economise of marine area,  Identification and protection of ecologically sensitive marine area, marine area important for fish spawning and withholding of the juveniles of economically important species,  Taking in account estimation of development activities on the environment in the occasion of issuing of licences,  Adoption of corresponding laws and regulations, their strict application through continuous supervisions,  Consistently prevention of over-fishing of the economically important marine species.

6 Determination of developing activities and assignment of the marine area

Very often there are conflicts among various economic activities in the marine area as well as economic activities and environment. To avoid these conflicts we proposed distribution of different activities in separated area during adopting of spatial plans of County. It means that during spatial planning we took in account specific demand of each economic activity and property of each marine area. Tourism and recreation need clean environment and they are directly in conflicts with industry, mariculture and marine traffic which both have negative influence on the environment. Also, intensive tourism has not been developed in the area proposed for protection as well as in areas important for spawning and growing of the economically important species. So, having in mind proposed criteria, tourist infrastructure (hotels, marinas, etc.) has to be developed in the urban areas and very seldom in non-urbane areas if they are not under any protection. Mariculture has to be developed in marine areas with enough sea depth, good water mass exchange (preferably in Channel waters but not in semi-closed bays), far away from cities, industry areas and tourist sites as they are potential sources of waste matters, and also from protected area. Industry has to be developed in existing industrial areas having in mind that its influence must be minor on the environment, residence and neighbourhood economic activities. Marine traffic has to be organised in the frame of existing areas. Using ArcInfo/ArcView GIS tools many maps with proposed assignment of marine area in Split- Dalmatia County were created. These maps were drawn for individual criteria’s hawing the spatial disposition of them in a way that could be interpreted from being "ideal" to "impossible". Therefore, for instance, speed of the water mass and bathymetry slope is important criteria for fishing by trawlers. A bathymetry map can be obtained or drawn up for any area under consideration. Areas of the sea lying at certain submarine contour depths can then be delimited as being, for instance, "ideal", or "good", or "fair", or "poor", or perhaps "impossible". Once all the maps have been drawn up in this way, then a GIS tool allows the various mapped criteria to be overlaid (or superimposed), so as to collate all the data and to allow optimum assignment of marine area to be defined. Based on the above mentioned definitions and overlaying of maps assignment and protection of marine area in Split-Dalmatia County were proposed. In addition, more ecologically important areas suitable for fishing activities using selected fishing tools were recognised (Table 1 and Figure 2 - 6) as well as area proposed for preservation (national park, national reserve). Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

7 Conclusion

Determination of assignment and protection of marine area in Split-Dalmatia County was done based on predefined principles and criteria, existing activities, possible conflicts among activities as well as activities and environment, sustainable development (exploitation, investigations and protection), etc. Creating and overlaying of different spatial layers using GIS technology (ArcInfo and ArcView) enabled as a visual presentation of spatial relationship among different users, possible conflicts in the marine area, visualisation of “what if” analysis to help decision maker in assignment of usage of marine areas, etc. In practical realisation of planned assignment and protection of marine area in Split-Dalmatia County there are more limitations. Therefore, realisation will be based on definition of conditions, their characteristics and importance in limitation of program as well as their resolving. It will have to take in account the conditions that can restrict realisation of program due to shortage of political willingness and social obligations, inadequate and insufficient of laws and other regulations, luck of relevant data, organisational structure for program realisation, public support and involvement support and inclusion of public and concerned social groups, needed financial support and collaboration with neighbouring counties.

References [1] Barić, A., at al., 2000. Study of marine assignment for spatial planning of Split-Dalmatia County (In Croatian). Institute of oceanography and fisheries, Split: 2017:75 pp. [2] Dadić, V., and B. Grbec, 1995. Marine Environmental Database of the Adriatic Sea (Main results from time series analysis). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 34,(1995)174. [3] Dadić, V., M. Srdelić, A.Grubišić. 1995. Oceanographic information system and databases of th ' the Adriatic Sea. Proc. of 17 International Conference ITI 95, Pula, 289-294. [4] Dadić,V., I. Katavić and M. Srdelić, 1999. GIS application in determination of suitable areas for mariculture in Split-Dalmatia County. Proc. of the International Conference “Management by GIS in the New Millenium”, Krakow, 289-294. [5] Katavic, I. and V. Dadic. 2000. Environmental consideration of mariculture: A case from Croatia. Period. biol., Vol. 102(S): 23-30. [6] Mladineo, N., S. Knezić and M. Srdelić, 2000. Geographic information system in coastal zone management. Proc. of the International Conference “Management by GIS in the New Millenium”, Krakow, 191-197.

Î

Î #Y Stobreč Legend:

Mariculture site [ Omiš a Potential location for fish farming in cages d Y# Z Potental location for shellfish farming ^( ^( ^( Î = Max. wind (> 100 km/h) ( a% ^ ^( < Max. current (> 1m/s) % ^( Yacht club /Marina (>50 beds) a ^( Î Anchoring a% Bobovišće ţ Historic wreck within restricted area ^( % ß River Pučišća Z$ a% a ^( Roads ^(^( Ferry traffic route Electric power line y a% a% B R A Č Submarine cable [% Land slope (%) % 1 - 25 a 26-50 a% ^( ^( > 50 Waste water outlets: Bol^( existed planned ţ# Area suitable for mariculture N a% %[ Ű Land Island a% a% W E Sea (depth < 50m)

a% Sea (depth > 50m) d S #Y Figure 2 A detailed map of Island Brac and north part of island Hvar with assignment of coastal zone Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

Table 1 Proposed assignment and protection of marine area in Split-Dalmatia County

Layer Inhibition / restriction Marine area code of activity (E-Eastern, N-northern, W-western, S-Southern, B-border)

a) Eastern part of Kastela Bay (line Grmovac Cape - Silo - Permanent inhibition of all fishing Kastel Gomilica including mouth of Jadro river; b) Bene and O1 activities Pantan (Kastela Bay), c) Bay of Starigrad, d) Zrnovnica and Cetina mouths (< 500m from coastline) Permanent inhibition of anchoring O2 Bay of Starigrad (Caulerpa taxifolia) Area inside 2 Nm from coastline of land and islands, Kastela Permanent inhibition of fishing by O3 Bay, Brac Channel (WB: line light Stobrec - light Sutivan; EB: trawlers line 2 Nm from island of Brac and land) a) (EB: light Stobrec – light Sutivan; WB: Islands Solta – Drvenik – Ciovo - entrance of Kastela Bay: Ciovo Cape – Marjan Cape); b) Korcula Channel EB: Sucuraj Cape - Duba (Peljesac); WB: Torac cove (Hvar) - Babina cove (Korcula); c) Temporary inhibition of fishing by (NB: Sumartin Cape - light ; EB: trawlers (April, 1 – October, 31), in the Sucuraj Cape (Hvar) - port light Drvenik; WB: Plani rat Cape O4 rest period of year every except (Hvar) – Galisnjak Cape (Brac)); d) Neretva Channel (WB: Thursday from 5 to 22 h by ship with Sucuraj Cape (Hvar) - Duba Cape (Peljesac); EB: B of power engine above 73.5 KW Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Prapatna Cape (Peljesac - Visnjica Cape on the land); e) Korcula Channel (EB: Torac cove (Hvar) - Babina cove (Korcula); WB: Proizd Cape (Korcula) – island of Vodnjak (Hvar)) Temporary available fishing with Drvenik V. and Drvenik M., Solta, N-side of Hvar (port light «pasara» and «poponica» nets and Jelsa – Pelegrin Cape), Pakleni Channel (Pakleni islands), cliff O5 «prostica» net height les than 100 eyes Lukovci and island of Scedro (Hvar), Vis, Bisevo, Svetac, in the period May, 1– August, 31 Brusnik, Kamik, Jabuka, Palagruza (< 2 Nm from coastline) Permanent inhibition of fishing with Marina and Saldun bays, central part of Trogir Bay with SB at O6 industrial fishing tools line: Okruk Cape – Jelenik Cape S-part of Trogir Bay: NB: Okruk Cape – Jelinik Cape, SB: line Permanent inhibition of fishing with O7 – islands: Kluda, Great an Small Piscena, Balkun, Saint industrial and small fishing tools Fumija - land) Drvenik V. and M., Solta, Scedro, Lukovci, Pakleni islands, Permanent inhibition of underwater rifle O8 Vis, Bisevo, Svetac, Brusnik, Kamik, Jabuka, Palagruza and «osti» with artificial light (<1Nm from coastline) Permanent inhibition of fishing except O9 Skin-deep Supetar (diameter 1 km) for sports and recreation Inhibition of fishing of «Cyhondruts O10 labrax» from November, 15 to January, Draceva cove - Zlatni rat (Brac) (<500m from coastline) 15 Inhibition of fishing with small fishing Supetar Bay (Cape of Ciovo – light (Slatine) (<500m from O11 tools in period May, 1st – August, 31 coastline) O12 Permanent inhibition fishing of shellfish Wide area of Resnik (Kastela Bay) (<500m from coastline) Pantan, (Kastela Bay), River Jadro and Cetina mouths, Vrulje, Inhibition of uncontrolled building and all Pakleni islands, Sveti Petar and Osejava – Makarska, South- O13 kind of economical activities including eastern part of Brac (Konjska - V.Zinje coves), Solta (<500m fishing from coastline) Inhibition uncontrolled buildings and all SW-part of Brac (Area between Osibova-Krusica coves), NE- O14 kinds of economical activities except part of Brac (Lascatna – Pucisca Capes), SE-part of Vis (Nart mariculture – Greben Capes) and N- part of Vis (< 500m from coastline) Inhibition of uncontrolled building and all O15 kinds economic activities except Western part of island of Solta with small surrounding islands mariculture excluding tuna farming O16 Protected area (Natural reserve) Pantana, Palagruza (< 500m from coastline) Zrnovnica, Brusnik, Kamik, Svetac, Jabuka (< 500m from O17 Protected area (Natural park) coastline) More bays around islands: Small and Big Drvenik, Solta, Brac, Area suitable for inshore and semi- O18 Hvar and Vis islands, coastal area close to city of Gradac, shore mariculture Marina Bay

Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

Figure 3. Assignment and protection of marine area of Split and Brac Channels (GIS layers according Table 1)

Figure 4. Assignment and protection of marine area of Vis and Bisevo islands (GIS layers according Table 1) Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

Figure 5. Assignment and protection of marine area of Pakleni otoci islands

Figure 6. Inhibited and restricted activities in the west part of Kastela Bay Dadic V., Srdelic M. (2001). Planing of assignment and protection of marine area in split-dalmatia county. In: D. Kereković, E. Nowak (ed.). GIS Polonia 2001. Hrvatski Informatićki Zbor – GIS Forum, Croatia, 179-189.

Vlado Dadic, B.Sc. in Electronics from the , M.Sc. in Applications of Electronics in Oceanography and Ph.D. in Computer applications in data management from the University of Zagreb. Employed at the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries since 1976. Lecturer at the “International Center for Fisheries Personnel from developing Countries”, Split in the period 1981- 1990, and at University of Split from 1993 up to now. He is head of Steering committee for computers and communications. Work experience: data management and analysis, on-line measuring technology and instrumentation in physical oceanography, water mass dynamics, application of geo- statistics in marine science, designing of database and GIS application in oceanography. Participated in more than hundred national and 12 international projects. Member of the IEEE, EOROCOAST, CIESM, ELMAR, and GISFORUM societies. Croatian representative for IODE (UNESCO) and SIPAM (FAO). Authored of 51 scientific and 62 professional papers.

Mladen Srdelic, B.Sc. finished his studies of Electronic and Computing at the University of Zagreb. Work experience: Designing hydrographic, oceanography, cartographic and nautical information system, designing and implementation GIS in marine environment, designing spatial database and applications programming. Great field experience in developing hydrographic an oceanographic integrated survey system has been acquired during hydrographic and oceanographic cruises since 1980 until 1986. From 1985 to 1990 he was a member of International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) working group CEDD for standardization and exchange digital hydrographic and cartographic data. He participated in many information projects within Institute and GIS projects at national and international level.