Field Study 5: Vis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

2017-09-13

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

Field Study 5: Vis

Figure 1. The Adriatic Sea with Vis in the middle. Photo courtesy of Samantha Cristoforetti/NASA
1 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

Christian Pleijel

[email protected]

Tel +358-457-342 88 25

FIELD STUDY: VIS

Content

  • 1
  • Summary
  • 2

  • 3
  • 2
  • Introduction

The assignment The client Study objects The three levels of an island Methodology

  • 3
  • The water of the island

Location
6
Geology Hydrology and climate Vegetation
4

5
The water of the islanders Human pressure Virtual distance Water consumption The water of the community Governance
8
14
Water procurement Wastewater Water quality Cost and taxes Future plans
6

7

  • Water saving
  • 22

23
Benchmark #1 Benchmark #2 Benchmark #3 References

2 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 1
  • Summary

Vis is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, 55 kilometers from the mainland, with an area of 90 km2.

3,460 persons live in the island’s two municipalities. Ten times the population comes to

visit every year = 36,750 tourists, spending some 200,000 days on the island. The pressure on the islands' freshwater system (as well as energy distribution, sewage and waste recuperation and treatment, roads, ports, telephones, internet, transports, postal services, healthcare and fire brigade) from tourism is not so high.

The water supply system of the island uses its own sources of drinking water from two locations: Korita (drilled wells) and Pizdica (fresh water spring). The pumping station Korita is located in the interior of the island above five drilled wells containing water at depth of approximately 160 meter. Water is pressured into a pumping pool from where it is distributed to consumers (20 l/s). The amount of water needed for the island can be estimated to 139,000 m3 (139 million liters).

To manage the water scheme, Vis has a company owned by the two municipalities together, which uses an impressive IT system to guard, calibrate and manage water supply on the island. To save water, there was a household water saving campaign by SUNCE (needs to be described), there are public announcements and there are limitations in water use for tourists (yachts). The island would like to get through this summer season without having to turn off the water supply. There is an interesting idea of engaging school kids in water saving.

Vis, May 2017 Christian Pleijel

3 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 2
  • Introduction

  • 2.1
  • The assignment

The Vis study is part of an assignment to search for, find, describe and share good examples of water saving practices on eight European islands, islands who do not solve water scarcity just by bringing more water through pipelines, desalination plants and tankers, but are making efforts to save water.

The project is looking for best practices within four areas of water saving actions: 1 Training:  Information, good examples, schooling, campaigns, understanding that water has different qualities which can be used for different purposes.

2 Engineering:  Technologies for reducing water consumption in households (water taps, showerheads, toilet sinks etc), for reducing leakages in mains and pipes, for more efficient desalination/reverse osmosis processes, treatment of wastewater etc.

3 Billing:  Differentiated pricing of (municipal) water that lead to water saving. 4 Cutting:  Switching off the (municipal) water: mostly for shorter periods of time. Obstacles to save water can be found in governance (water saving is not a political issue), regulations, cost, taxes and financial obstacles (the water company does not earn money

by saving water), no ‘sense of urgency’, sustainability indicators are underdeveloped or

inexistent, management (saving is not an objective), human behaviour, business threats

(water saving might ruin the visitors’ experiences and damage the island’s brand), tech-

nology and over-capacity (the island has a system which procures more water than the island needs, even in peaks).

  • 2.2
  • The client

The assignment has been given to the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm by MEP Tonino Picula from Croatia, the Hellenic Small Islands Network, l'Association des

îles du Ponant, the Irish Islands Federation/Comhdháil Oileáin na hÉireann and ESIN – the

European Small Islands Federation.

  • 2.3
  • Study objects

Eight islands are included in the project: Tilos and Ithaka in Greece, Lastovo and Vis in Croatia, Sein and Houat in France, Inisheer and Cape Clear in Ireland. They have been chosen because they (a) all have a scarcity of freshwater, (b) represent different sizes, seas, hydrogeology, climate, size of population and remoteness, (c) have what seems to be interesting solutions for saving water, and (d) have been in previous contact with us which makes it easy to obtain true data within a limited time and budget.

4 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

Figure 2. The eight islands in the study

  • 2.4
  • The three levels of an island

The freshwater system of an island can be described as three interlinked levels:

  • a
  • The water of the island

This is the basic geophysical system level which encompasses the physical geographical conditions on the islands no matter if people live there or not: geology, oceans, skies, hydrology, meteorology, flora and fauna. This is the physical landscape.

  • b
  • The water of the islanders

At the next level, humans move in and make their human footprints: they build houses and villages, till the soil and water, eat, drink, walk, arrange their social life with children, schools, elderly care, health care and security. This is the cultural landscape.

  • c
  • The water of the community

At the top level, the humans build a common infrastructure of roads, water, sewer, telephone, broadband, fossil and renewable energy sources, ports and ships. Water is produced, distributed, managed, financed and administrated; This is the technical landscape.

5 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 2.5
  • Methodology

Data about the islands has been collected through desktop research and field studies, during which we made make semi-structured interviews with politicians, technicians and citizens, investigated technical installations, took part of documents, plans, studies, maps and earlier research.

This field study on Vis was undertaken by Christian Pleijel and Ivan Matic on the 28th, 29th

and 30th of May, 2017, under supervision of professor Anders Nordström from the Univer-

ity of Stockholm and professor Sara Borgström at KTH. We are most thankful to the water manager Slaven Kevo and the mayor of Komiza Tonka Ivcevic for their time and efforts to answer our questions and guide us around the island.

  • Figure 3. Ivan Matic
  • Figure 4. Slaven Kevo

Figure 5. Tonka Ivčević

6 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 3
  • The water of the island

  • 3.1
  • Location

Vis is a Croatian island located in the Adriatic Sea 55 km from the mainland. The surface of the island is 90 km2. It is surrounded by numerous smaller islands: Biševo, Budikovac, Brusnik, Jabuka, Ravnik and Svetac.

Figure 6. Vis and its neighbouring islands

  • 3.2
  • Geology

Three hill chains and two valleys containing several smaller karst fields are well distinguished. The highest point of the island is Hum 587 m abobe sea level.

Rock composition: cretaceous limestone and dolomite; Triassic and clastic rocks.

7 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

Figure 7. Schematic hydrogeological map of Vis1 Figure 8. Schematic hydrogeological map of Vis2, section A – B. Note how low the groundwater surface is. Not far above sea level, which means great difficulty in getting fresh water from the wells.

1 Kapelj, Terzij, Kapelj and Dolij: Recent hydrogeologic study of the Vis island (2002) 2 Kapelj, Terzij, Kapelj and Dolij: Recent hydrogeologic study of the Vis island (2002)

8 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

The groundwater formation is estimated at approximately 400 mm and takes place almost completely during the winter. The groundwater flows quickly into the limestone that dominates the island's bedrock.

Figure 8 clearly shows that the groundwater surface is very close to the sea level, which is not usually normal in, for example, granite bedrock. This indicates big problems in getting freshwater from the island's groundwater.

  • 3.3
  • Hydrology and climate

Vis has a Mediterranean climate with long and hot summers. The yearly sunny hours are above 2,600 hours, the average summer humidity is 64% and the average yearly temperature is 160C. Very high medium air temperature in August (260C) and droughts during several months. Years without rain for 3-4 months are not rare. The winters are soft (medium air temperature in January is 100C).

The average yearly rainfall of 800 mm (not confirmed). There are no surface waterflows except after heavy rainfall (typical for Adriatic islands).

  • 3.4
  • Vegetation

Mediterranean evergreen vegetation of low bush type is dominant. Olives, lemon, mandarin and vines are cultivated.

Figure 9. View of Komiza

9 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 4
  • The water of the islanders

There are two villages on Vis: Vis and Komiza, located on each end of the island. The distance between the villages by the old road which passes south of the island is 20 km over the pass Sveti Mihovil.

During Austro-Hungary times, the island had three times more inhabitants than today. There are numerous causes of such demographic decline: the first disease of the vines, the First World War (which led numerous Komižaans to emigrate to America), the Second World War, the harsh military isolation of the island, coupled with the associated economic downturn, led to a large outflow of young people who went looking for a job.

In the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century there were well developed fisheries and a fish processing industry mostly in Komiza (seven factories), while Vis and the villages in the interior of the island were more oriented to viticulture.

Figure 10. Komiža’s fish processing factory

closed down in 2012 after years of struggle

In socialist Yugoslavia, for the sake of its strategic position, Vis was closed to foreigners (the ban on the arrival of aliens was abolished only in 1989) and it was completely converted into a great military fort. More than 30 military facilities were located here, including an underground military hospital and a naval shelter tunnel. The consequence of the half-century isolation was an economic downturn and inability of tourism development, associated with a massive emigration of the population.

After the independence of Croatia and the departure of the army from the island (on 30 May 1992, almost six months after Croatia's international recognition), migration stopped and tourism development began. In the 1990’s, the municipalities of Vis and Komiza were rebuilt and received the status of cities in 1997.

Today the economy of the island is directed towards forestry and fisheries (22%), services for accommodation and food service (20%), wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, manufacturing (5%) and administrative services (2%).

10 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 4.1
  • Human pressure

Today, Vis has a lucrative nautical tourism sustained by two large anchorages in Komiža and Vis. There are 4 hotels, several thousand beds in private accommodation and one undeclared camp.

Vis and Komiza have 3,460 permanent residents together (2011), 36,750 tourist arrivals and 213,894 overnight stays (2015), most from June to October.

The human pressure on the islands' infrastructure including freshwater, energy distribution, sewage and waste recuperation and treatment, roads, ports, telephones, internet, transports, postal services, healthcare and fire brigade, can be calculated as follows:

Residents Visitors
365 days
5-6 days
3,460 1,262,900 man-days

  • 36,750
  • 213,894 man-days

  • 1,476,794 man-days
  • Sum of man-days

Table 1: Human pressure on Vis

The human pressure on the island is thus about 1,5 million man-days. If divided by 365 days, it is equivalent to a resident population of 4,046 inhabitants.

The pressure from humans is very uneven, peaking in the four summer months when water is most scarce, the population rises approximately 2.8 times. A hot day in August, 6,000 visitors plus 3,500 residents are on the island = 9,500 p/90 km2 = 108 p/km2.

  • 4.2
  • Remoteness

Vis is situated 55 kilometres from the mainland. It is connected by ferry line Split-Vis-Split. In addition to the ferry line there is also a fast-shipping line that connects the island of Vis once a week with Split and Hvar.

Through the town of Komiža passes the state road DC 117 Komiža-Podhumlje-Vis. State Road D117 is a total of 19.9 kilometers long. It connects Komiža with Podhumlje, Podšpilje, Dračevo, Plisko Polje and Vis. The city passes along the county road ŽC 6212

Komiža-Vis overall length of 9.9 kilometers. From the local roads in the city area there is LC 67216 Women Head linking to state road D117.

There is a bus line Vis-Komiža-Vis.

The town of Komiza is also connected to the island Biševo, which is 5 nautical miles from Komiža.

The air traffic is directed at the Split airport, and the railway to the Split railway station.

11 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 4.3
  • Water requirement

CONSUMER’S PERSPECTIVE

In Europe, the average daily water consumption rate per capita varies between 40 and 150 litres per day. In Croatia, it is 120 liters / person and day according to Eurostat3, whereof 8 litres for food and drinking, 48 litres for bath and shower, 20 litres for dishes, 12 litres for washing, 8 litres for other purposes and 26 litres for flushing the toilet.

The darker the colour of the water in the diagram, the less purified does it need to be. It is perfectly sound to flush your toilets with rainwater (dark blue) but many people buy bottled water to drink (light blue).

From earlier studies of small island water consumption4, it is reasonable to assume that resident islanders use 75% of the national average 120 litres/day = 90 l/d and tourists the Croatian average = 120 l/d.

Based on the calculation in table 1, the yearly water consumption on Vis can be estimated to 51 million litres:

  • Category
  • Man-days Consumption

litres/day
Total consumption

Residents (365 days) Visitors

  • 3,460
  • 90

120
133,661 m3
25,667 m3
139,328 m3
36,750
Total water consumption

Table 2: Calculated yearly water use on Vis

Given the average water consumption of Croatian people (120 litres according to Eurostat5), the island would need 139 million litres (139,238 m3) of freshwater per year.

Of this, 10 million litres are used for drinking and cooking, 56 million litres for showering and bathing, and 28 million litres for flushing toilets.

3 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:

Total_freshwater_abstraction_by_public_water_supply,_2013_(m³_per_inhabitant)_YB16.png

4

http://www.stromstad.se/byggaboochmiljo/vattenochavlopp/vakosteroarna.4.fc6ae6c153c5fdf8ad127e2.html

5 Geology of the Ionian Islands, Higgins & Higgins (1996)

12 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

PRODUCER’S PERSPECTIVE

Figure 11: Water production 2016

Figure 11 shows the islands total water production in 2016, peaking early August and distinct low water consumption July 14-19 when it was raining with no people bathing, no showering at beaches and hotels.

The consumption of water per capita for household purposes in the previous year was 67 m3, for industry purposes 26 m3.

13 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

FIELD STUDY: VIS

  • 5
  • The water of the community

  • 5.1
  • Governance

Croatia has 452 municipalities (they were 200 in former Yugoslavia) with Vis island and its two self-governed municipalities Vis and Komiža belonging to the Split-Dalmatia County. Taxation is solely managed by the state and partly reversed to the municipalities.

The two municipalities have a joint owned water management company based in Korita on the municipality border. In Croatia, water management is entirely under municipal jurisdiction while building permits are issued by the County.

Figure 12: Municipalities in Split-Dalmatia county. Observe the size of Vis and Komiza, when the sea is included

14 (24)

WATER SAVING CHALLENGE

POGREŠKA! IZVOR REFERENCE NIJE PRONAĐEN.

FIELD STUDY: VIS

Both Vis and Komiza have recently passed Strategic Development Plans for the period 2015-2020.

It is the opinion of Komiza mayor Tonka Ivčević that the island shuld have a joint strategic plan with a common structure6.

The two municipalities do not want to merge for identity reasons, although it is said to give huge savings. Well-functioning cooperation such as water management could be extended to other areas.
In 2009, the municipalities service/infrastructure company was restructured and water management was made into a separate company “Vodovod Otoka Visa-Komiza”. Leakages were 70%, constant interruptions, no one knew how many water meters were installed, bad billing system, the clients were not paying – big challenges!

Water investments have been 280 million kuna (~38 million euro) from 2011 to 2017, funded by Croatian Water by 80 percent, and by 10 percent from the two municipalities respectively.

  • 5.2
  • Energy

In winter time the water system is only pumping at night, when electricity is cheap. Water reservoirs are run on photovoltaic and wind energy.

Figure 13: Water reservoir with solar panels and wind turbine

6 Interview with Tonka Ivčević May 30, 2017

Recommended publications
  • Dalmatia Tourist Guide

    Dalmatia Tourist Guide

    Vuk Tvrtko Opa~i}: County of Split and Dalmatia . 4 Tourist Review: Publisher: GRAPHIS d.o.o. Maksimirska 88, Zagreb Tel./faks: (385 1) 2322-975 E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief: Elizabeta [unde Ivo Babi}: Editorial Committee: Zvonko Ben~i}, Smiljana [unde, Split in Emperor Diocletian's Palace . 6 Marilka Krajnovi}, Silvana Jaku{, fra Gabriel Juri{i}, Ton~i ^ori} Editorial Council: Mili Razovi}, Bo`o Sin~i}, Ivica Kova~evi}, Stjepanka Mar~i}, Ivo Babi}: Davor Glavina The historical heart of Trogir and its Art Director: Elizabeta [unde cathedral . 9 Photography Editor: Goran Morovi} Logo Design: @eljko Kozari} Layout and Proofing: GRAPHIS Language Editor: Marilka Krajnovi} Printed in: Croatian, English, Czech, and Gvido Piasevoli: German Pearls of central Dalmatia . 12 Translators: German – Irena Bad`ek-Zub~i} English – Katarina Bijeli}-Beti Czech – Alen Novosad Tourist Map: Ton~i ^ori} Printed by: Tiskara Mei}, Zagreb Cover page: Hvar Port, by Ivo Pervan Ivna Bu}an: Biblical Garden of Stomorija . 15 Published: annually This Review is sponsored by the Tourist Board of the County of Split and Dalmatia For the Tourist Board: Mili Razovi}, Director Prilaz bra}e Kaliterna 10, 21000 Split Gvido Piasevoli: Tel./faks: (385 21) 490-032, 490-033, 490-036 One flew over the tourists' nest . 18 Web: www.dalmacija.net E-mail: [email protected] We would like to thank to all our associates, tourist boards, hotels, and tourist agencies for cooperation. @eljko Kuluz: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or repro- Fishing and fish stories .
  • Ethnohistorical Processes, Demographic Structure and Linguistic Determinants of the Island of Vis

    Ethnohistorical Processes, Demographic Structure and Linguistic Determinants of the Island of Vis

    Coll. Antropol. 26 (2002) 1: 333–350 UDC 572:911.3:314(497.5) Original scientific paper Ethnohistorical Processes, Demographic Structure and Linguistic Determinants of the Island of Vis L. [kreblin, L. [imi~i} and A. Sujold`i} Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia ABSTRACT The present paper aims at describing the most relevant background data on geomor- phological, economic, ethnohistoric, demographic and linguistic features of the island of Vis. As an introduction to future holistic anthropological research on the island, it seeks to identify both internal and external impulses of change and/or continuity of the island population structure within a wider socio-cultural and historical context. The ethnohistorical and demographic data indicate a higher degree of isolation throughout history as compared to other islands in the region and a continuous depopulation trend during the last century. The analysis of the existing linguistic data on two main settle- ments shows a certain amount of intradialectal micro-differentiation, which is mainly due to various social and non-linguistic reasons. Introduction A long-term anthropological research mate basic geographical, historical, econo- of the population structure of the East mic, demographic and other socio-cultural Adriatic rural populations, conducted so (linguistic) factors that directly or indi- far on a number of Adriatic islands and rectly might have influenced the forma- other regions, has now been extended to tion of the island population structure. the investigation of the population struc- The strategy of the applied method elabo- ture of the island of Vis. Being a part of a rated in the previously published more comprehensive biological and socio works1–4 was aimed at identification of -cultural investigation presently under- internal and external impulses of change way, the purpose of this study was to esti- and/or continuity of rural populations Received for publication April 12, 2002 333 L.
  • Split & Central Dalmatia

    Split & Central Dalmatia

    © Lonely Planet Publications 216 Split & Central Dalmatia Central Dalmatia is the most action-packed, sight-rich and diverse part of Croatia, with dozens of castles, fascinating islands, spectacular beaches, dramatic mountains, quiet ports and an emerg- ing culinary scene, not to mention Split’s Diocletian Palace and medieval Trogir (both Unesco World Heritage sites). In short, this part of Croatia will grip even the most picky visitor. The region stretches from Trogir in the northwest to Ploče in the southeast. Split is its largest city and a hub for bus and boat connections along the Adriatic coast. The rugged DALMATIA DALMATIA 1500m-high Dinaric Range provides the dramatic background to the region. SPLIT & CENTRAL SPLIT & CENTRAL Diocletian’s Palace is a sight like no other (a Roman ruin and the living soul of Split) and it would be a cardinal Dalmatian sin to miss out on the sights, bars, restaurants and general buzz inside it. The Roman ruins in Solin are altogether a more quiet, pensive affair, while Trogir is a tranquil city that’s preserved its fantastic medieval sculpture and architecture. Then there is Hvar Town, the region’s most popular destination, richly ornamented with Renais- sance architecture, good food, a fun atmosphere and tourists – who are in turn ornamented with deep tans, big jewels and shiny yachts. Let’s not forget the coastline: you can choose from the slender and seductive Zlatni Rat on Brač, wonderful beaches in Brela on the Makarska Riviera, secluded coves on Brač, Šolta and Vis, or gorgeous (and nudie) beaches on the Pakleni Islands off Hvar.
  • Hrvatski Jadranski Otoci, Otočići I Hridi

    Hrvatski Jadranski Otoci, Otočići I Hridi

    Hrvatski jadranski otoci, otočići i hridi Sika od Mondefusta, Palagruţa Mjerenja obale istoĉnog Jadrana imaju povijest; svi autori navode prvi cjelovitiji popis otoka kontraadmirala austougarske mornarice Sobieczkog (Pula, 1911.). Glavni suvremeni izvor dugo je bio odliĉni i dosad još uvijek najsustavniji pregled za cijelu jugoslavensku obalu iz godine 1955. [1955].1 Na osnovi istraţivanja skupine autora, koji su ponovo izmjerili opsege i površine hrvatskih otoka i otoĉića većih od 0,01 km2 [2004],2 u Ministarstvu mora, prometa i infrastrukture je zatim 2007. godine objavljena opseţna nova graĊa, koju sad moramo smatrati referentnom [2007].3 No, i taj pregled je manjkav, ponajprije stoga jer je namijenjen specifiĉnom administrativnom korištenju, a ne »statistici«. Drugi problem svih novijih popisa, barem onih objavljenih, jest taj da ne navode sve najmanje otoĉiće i hridi, iako ulaze u konaĉne brojke.4 Brojka 1244, koja je sada najĉešće u optjecaju, uopće nije dokumentirana.5 Osnovni izvor za naš popis je, dakle, [2007], i u graniĉnim primjerima [2004]. U napomenama ispod tablica navedena su odstupanja od tog izvora. U sljedećem koraku pregled je dopunjen podacima iz [1955], opet s obrazloţenjima ispod crte. U trećem koraku ukljuĉeno je još nekoliko dodatnih podataka s obrazloţenjem.6 1 Ante Irić, Razvedenost obale i otoka Jugoslavije. Hidrografski institut JRM, Split, 1955. 2 T. Duplanĉić Leder, T. Ujević, M. Ĉala, Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1:25.000. Geoadria, 9/1, Zadar, 2004. 3 Republika Hrvatska, Ministarstvo mora, prometa i infrastrukture, Drţavni program zaštite i korištenja malih, povremeno nastanjenih i nenastanjenih otoka i okolnog mora (nacrt prijedloga), Zagreb, 30.8.2007.; objavljeno na internetskoj stranici Ministarstva.
  • Croatia: Submerged Prehistoric Sites in a Karstic Landscape 18

    Croatia: Submerged Prehistoric Sites in a Karstic Landscape 18

    Croatia: Submerged Prehistoric Sites in a Karstic Landscape 18 Irena Radić Rossi, Ivor Karavanić, and Valerija Butorac Abstract extend as late as the medieval period. In con- Croatia has a long history of underwater sequence, the chronological range of prehis- archaeological research, especially of ship- toric underwater finds extends from the wrecks and the history of sea travel and trade Mousterian period through to the Late Iron in Classical Antiquity, but also including inter- Age. Known sites currently number 33 in the mittent discoveries of submerged prehistoric SPLASHCOS Viewer with the greatest num- archaeology. Most of the prehistoric finds ber belonging to the Neolithic or Bronze Age have been discovered by chance because of periods, but ongoing underwater surveys con- construction work and development at the tinue to add new sites to the list. Systematic shore edge or during underwater investiga- research has intensified in the past decade and tions of shipwrecks. Eustatic sea-level changes demonstrates the presence of in situ culture would have exposed very extensive areas of layers, excellent conditions of preservation now-submerged landscape, especially in the including wooden remains in many cases, and northern Adriatic, of great importance in the the presence of artificial structures of stone Palaeolithic and early Mesolithic periods. and wood possibly built as protection against Because of sinking coastlines in more recent sea-level rise or as fish traps. Existing discov- millennia, submerged palaeoshorelines and eries demonstrate the scope for new research archaeological remains of settlement activity and new discoveries and the integration of archaeological investigations with palaeoenvi- I. R. Rossi (*) ronmental and palaeoclimatic analyses of sub- Department of Archaeology, University of Zadar, merged sediments in lakes and on the seabed.
  • Morphological Variations in Populations of Lacerta from Islands in the Adriatic Sea

    Morphological Variations in Populations of Lacerta from Islands in the Adriatic Sea

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ROBERT C. CLOVER for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH-1 (Name of student) (Degree) in ZOOLOGY presented on (ig.e1)/97g (Major Department) Title: MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN POPULATIONS OF LACERTA FROM ISLANDS IN THE ADRIATIC SEA Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Dr. Robert M. Storm Phenetic relationships in insular populations of Lacerta sicula and L. melisellensis correspond to geologic ages of the islands in two regions of the Adriatic Sea.Populations of L. melisellensis on older islands are more similar to populations of L. sicula than are L. meli- sellensis from younger islands, and examination of chara'cters re- flecting trophic structures of these lizards suggests that convergent evolution has progressed further in the populations on older islands. A rough correspondence between phenetic similarities of popu- lations and island sizes was investigated by means of multiple regres- sion analyses in which geographic features of islands were used as independent variables and means of selected morphologic characters were dependent variables.Island area, length and distance to the mainland were the most important variables "explaining" interpopu- lation variations in measures of trophic structures, dorsal scale counts, and numbers of femoral pores in L. melisellensis.Lizards from small isolated islands generally have larger bodies, relatively wider snouts and heads, relatively longer heads, more dorsal scales, and more femoral pores than L. melisellensis from larger islands near the mainland. Larger lizards with relatively larger head dimen- sions on small islands are believed to be the results of adaptations to situations of reduced interspecific interactions and restricted distri- butions of food resources.
  • RASPORED Natjecanja Lige Veterana Natjecateljska Godina 2015./16

    RASPORED Natjecanja Lige Veterana Natjecateljska Godina 2015./16

    Nogometni savez Županije splitsko-dalmatinske-Split RASPORED natjecanja Lige veterana natjecateljska godina 2015./16. – proljetna sezona Kolo: 12 Mjesto Domaći Gosti Datum Stadion Dovica / Vinjani Donji Vinjani Brnaze 18.04.2016 17:30 Gradski stadion Sinj / Sinj Tekstilac Čaporice-Trilj 20.04.2016 17:30 SC Sveti Mihovil / Brnaze Sveti Jakov Dugopolje 21.04.2016 17:30 Bačevac / Srinjine Poljičanin GOŠK (KG) 21.04.2016 17:30 Gola Brda / Otok UVNK OSK Omladinac 18.04.2016 17:30 Kolo: 13 Mjesto Domaći Gosti Datum SC Kava / Vranjic Omladinac Poljičanin 27.04.2016 17:30 SC Jure Bakotić / Kaštel Gomilica GOŠK (KG) Sveti Jakov 28.04.2016 17:30 Dugopolje / Dugopolje Dugopolje Tekstilac 28.04.2016 17:30 SRC Trilj / Trilj Čaporice-Trilj Vinjani 25.04.2016 17:30 SC Sveti Mihovil / Brnaze Brnaze Vis 29.04.2016 17:30 Kolo: 14 Mjesto Domaći Gosti Datum Vis / Vis Vis Čaporice-Trilj 01.05.2016 17:30 Stadion Dovica / Vinjani Donji Vinjani Dugopolje 02.05.2016 17:30 Gradski stadion Sinj / Sinj Tekstilac GOŠK (KG) 04.05.2016 17:30 SC Sveti Mihovil / Brnaze Sveti Jakov Omladinac 05.05.2016 17:30 Bačevac / Srinjine Poljičanin UVNK OSK 05.05.2016 17:30 Kolo: 15 Mjesto Domaći Gosti Datum Gola Brda / Otok UVNK OSK Sveti Jakov 09.05.2016 17:30 SC Kava / Vranjic Omladinac Tekstilac 11.05.2016 17:30 SC Jure Bakotić / Kaštel Gomilica GOŠK (KG) Vinjani 12.05.2016 17:30 Dugopolje / Dugopolje Dugopolje Vis 12.05.2016 17:30 SRC Trilj / Trilj Čaporice-Trilj Brnaze 09.05.2016 17:30 Kolo: 16 Mjesto Domaći Gosti Datum SC Sveti Mihovil / Brnaze Brnaze Dugopolje 20.05.2016
  • Geoarchaeological Evaluation of the Roman Topography and Accessibility by Sea of Ancient Osor (Cres Island, Croatia)

    Geoarchaeological Evaluation of the Roman Topography and Accessibility by Sea of Ancient Osor (Cres Island, Croatia)

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 112 Autor(en)/Author(s): Draganits Erich, Gier Susanne, Doneus Nives, Doneus Michael Artikel/Article: Geoarchaeological evaluation of the Roman topography and accessibility by sea of ancient Osor (Cres Island, Croatia) 1-19 Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna 2019 Volume 112/1 01 - 19 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2019.0001 Geoarchaeological evaluation of the Roman topography and accessibility by sea of ancient Osor (Cres Island, Croatia) Erich DRAGANITS1)2)*), Susanne GIER1), Nives DONEUS3) & Michael DONEUS2) 1) Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; 2) Department of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria; 3) Austrian Archaeological Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria; *) Corresponding author: [email protected] KEYWORDS Adriatic Sea; Croatia; geoarchaeology; airborne laser bathymetry; sea-level change Abstract We combine geoarchaeological investigations with high-resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS) topographic and air- borne laser bathymetric (ALB) measurements to reassess the topography of the Roman city of Apsorus (modern Osor, northeastern Adriatic Sea, Croatia), which has generally been interpreted as important nodal point of Roman maritime traffic. Apsorus is located at the isthmus connecting Cres and Lošinj islands, which is 90 m wide at the narrowest part and dissected by a canal of supposed Roman age. A conspicuous low-lying wetland north of the city has been suggested to be a former sea passage and harbour area.
  • Adriatic Cruises 2021

    Adriatic Cruises 2021

    DIVINE CROATIA CRUISE WITH SLOVENIA AND VENICE ~ M/S PRESTIGE 12 days from Dubrovnik to Mljet, Korcula, Vela Luka, Vis, Hvar, Stari Grad, Bol, Split, Opatija and Venice VACATION HIGHLIGHTS: Arrival transfer from Dubrovnik airport or Dubrovnik SLOVENIA Postojna hotel (if hotel is booked through Kompas) to the port. 2 CROATIA Venice Alternatively, you can join from any Kompas escorted tour. 2 Opatija Plitvice 12-day/11-night cruise and tour vacation from Dubrovnik Lakes to Venice: BOSNIA & 7 nights aboard the beautiful M/S Prestige featuring: HERZEGOVINA Superior cabins with private bathroom, air- conditioning, and LCD TV Free Wi-Fi Split Bol Daily housekeeping (fresh bed linen and towels ITALY ADRIATIC SEA Stari Grad Hvar MONTENEGRO Korcula midweek) Vis Vela Luka Amenity kit Mljet Dubrovnik Bathrobe and slippers Complimentary bottled water, coffee, tea and fresh fruit M/S Prestige Rating: Superior Daily breakfast 6 lunches on board 4 dinners: HOTELS: Welcome reception with dinner on board Opatija: GH Adriatic (F) or similar Captain’s dinner with live music and a glass of Venice: Carlton on the Grand Canal (F) or similar wine 1 dinner at hotel Farewell dinner in Venice CRUISE SPOTLIGHTS: 2 nights at the GH Adriatic Hotel in Opatija Dubrovnik, the “Pearl of the Adriatic” 2 nights at the Carlton on the Grand Canal Hotel Mljet National park in Venice Korcula, the birthplace of Marco Polo Professional cruise and tour manager throughout Hvar, the sunniest Croatian island Hotel, service, city and port taxes The Golden Horn beach on Bol island Luggage handling Split built around Diocletian's Palace Sightseeing tours with licensed local guides Sibenik’s medieval Old Town Whisper technology enhanced touring Krka National Park Admissions included where indicated in bold letters Kornati National Park Departure transfer from the hotel in Venice to Venice Tasting of traditional Maraschino liqueur in Zadar airport.
  • Mortality Patterns in Southern Adriatic Islands of Croatia: a Registry-Based

    Mortality Patterns in Southern Adriatic Islands of Croatia: a Registry-Based

    118 PUBLIC HEALTH Croat Med J. 2018;59:118-23 https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2018.59.118 Mortality patterns in Southern Joshua Rehberg1, Ana Stipčić2, Tanja Ćorić3, Ivana Adriatic islands of Croatia: a Kolčić4, Ozren Polašek4 1Medical student, Medical School, registry-based study Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia 3Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia Aim To investigate the mortality patterns on the Southern 4Department of Public Health, Adriatic islands of Croatia and compare them with those in University of Split School of two, mainly coastal, mainland counties. Medicine, Split, Croatia *The first two authors contributed Methods In this registry-based study we used the official equally. mortality register data to analyze the mortality patterns on seven Croatian islands (Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Lastovo, Mljet, Šolta, and Vis) and Pelješac peninsula in the 1998-2013 pe- riod and calculated the average lifespan, life expectancy, and standardized mortality ratios (SMR). We compared the leading causes of death with those in the mainland popu- lation of two southernmost Croatian counties. Results The average lifespan of the island population was 3-10 years longer for men and 2-7 years longer for wom- en than that on the mainland. All-cause SMRs were signifi- cantly lower for both men and women on Korčula, Brač, Mljet, and Pelješac but significantly higher for women on Šolta (1.22; 95% confidence intervals 1.07-1.38). The lead- ing causes of death on the islands were cardiovascular dis- eases, with higher percentages in men and lower in wom- en in comparison with those on the mainland.
  • Ica Nature Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia)

    Ica Nature Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia)

    NAT. CROAT. VOL. 16 No 4 233¿266 ZAGREB December 31, 2007 original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni rad ANTHOZOAN FAUNA OF TELA[]ICA NATURE PARK (ADRIATIC SEA, CROATIA) PETAR KRU@I] Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia ([email protected]) Kru`i}, P.: Anthozoan fauna of Tela{}ica Nature Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Nat. Croat., Vol. 16, No. 4., 233–266, 2007, Zagreb. Sixty-five anthozoan species were recorded and collected in the area of Tela{}ica Nature Park during surveys from 1999 to 2006. General and ecological data are presented for each species, as well as distribution and local abundance. The recorded species account for about 56% of the antho- zoans known in the Adriatic Sea, and for about 38% of the anthozoans known in the Mediterra- nean Sea. From Tela{}ica Nature Park, 16 species are considered to be Mediterranean endemics. The heterogeneity of the substrates and benthic communities in the bay and cliffs is considerable in Tela{}ica Nature Park; anthozoans are present on most of the different kinds of substrates and in a wide range of benthic communities. Key words: marine fauna, Anthozoa, Tela{}ica Nature Park, Adriatic Sea. Kru`i}, P.: Fauna koralja Parka prirode Tela{}ica (Jadransko more, Hrvatska). Nat. Croat., Vol. 16, No. 4., 233–266, 2007, Zagreb. Prilikom istra`ivanja podmorskog dijela Parka prirode Tela{}ica u razdoblju od 1999. do 2006. godine zabilje`eno je i sakupljeno 65 vrsta koralja. Za svaku vrstu izneseni su op}i i ekolo{ki podaci, te su zabilje`eni nalazi i lokalna brojnost.
  • List of Islands

    List of Islands

    - List of islands CI Name on the map 1:25000 Name on nautic map Location Latitude Longitude IOTA Note 1 Aba D. Aba V. nr. Kornat 43° 51' 55,6'' N 15° 12' 48,9'' E EU-170 2 Arkanđel Arkanđel nr. Drvenik Mali 43° 28' 20,5'' N 16° 01' 41,0'' E EU-016 3 Arta M. Arta M. nr. Murter 43° 51' 12,2'' N 15° 33' 41,2'' E EU-170 4 Arta V. Arta V. nr. Murter 43° 51' 21,0'' N 15° 32' 40,1'' E EU-170 5 Babac Babac nr. Pašman 43° 57' 21,6'' N 15° 24' 11,6'' E EU-170 6 Badija Badija nr. Korčula 42° 57' 14,3'' N 17° 09' 39,4'' E EU-016 7 Biševo Biševo nr. Vis 42° 58' 44,0'' N 16° 01' 00,0'' E EU-016 8 Bodulaš Bodulaš Medulin gulf 44° 47' 28,1'' N 13° 56' 53,8'' E Not 9 Borovnik Borovnik nr. Kornat 43° 48' 39,7'' N 15° 15' 12,8'' E EU-170 10 O. Brač Brač 43° 20' 00,0'' N 16° 40' 00,0'' E EU-016 11 Ceja Ceja Medulin gulf 44° 47' 05,6'' N 13° 56' 00,0'' E Not 12 O. Cres Cres 44° 51' 21,4'' N 14° 24' 29,6'' E EU-136 13 O. Čiovo Čiovo nr. Split 43° 30' 00,0'' N 16° 18' 00,0'' E Not 14 Dolfin Dolfin nr. Pag 44° 41' 29,6'' N 14° 41' 28,1'' E EU-170 15 Dolin Dolin nr.