Hoiem, Elizabeth

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“Fair Trade for Children: Ethical Cooperation and Exchange in the children’s literature of Maria Edgeworth, Isaac Taylor, Jane Marcet, and the 19thC Cooperative Movement” This paper analyzes British children’s fiction and nonfiction from 1800 to 1860 about global trade and political economy, exploring early representations of economic justice in children’s literature. I identify popular authors who engage children in ethical debates over what kind of economic activities are mutually beneficial for producers and consumers. Children’s books by Maria Edgeworth and Jane Marcet (the “mother of political economy” who inspired Harriet Martineau’s Illustrations of Political Economy (1834)), and children’s manufacturing tour books by Isaac Taylor (the brother of poets Jane and Ann Taylor) represent cooperation as the happy result of competition and the division of labor, using personal gifts and face-to-face conversation to humanize capitalist exchange. Concurrently, Robert Owen and the Cooperative Society developed radical education curricula for children that rejects capitalist competition, developing the principles behind the Fair Trade movement. My research investigates these competing visions of cooperation using Marcet’s Willy’s Holidays (1836), Willy’s Rambles (1840), and Willy’s Travels on the Railroad (1847), and Taylor’s Scenes of Commerce (1828) and Scenes of British Wealth (1823), and Maria Edgeworth’s Early Lessons (1801, 1814, etc.) and Moral Tales (1801), with archival research from the Nation Co-operative Archive in Manchester (to be conducted this spring). I call particular attention to representations of global and local trade, and gender, class, and race in labor contexts. Scholars have previously assessed literature by Charles Dickens, Charlotte Tonna, Harriet Martineau, and Elizabeth Gaskell about industrialization and political economy. My approach, however, places children at the center of these ethical debates—as readers and consumers, but also as children who worked alongside adults to produce goods for trade. .

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Jane Taylor - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Jane Taylor - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Jane Taylor(23 September 1783 – 13 April 1824) Jane Taylor, was an English poet and novelist. She wrote the words for the song Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star in 1806 at age 23, while living in Shilling Street, Lavenham, Suffolk. The poem is now known worldwide, but its authorship is generally forgotten. It was first published under the title "The Star" in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Taylor and her older sister Ann (later Mrs. Gilbert). The sisters, and their authorship of various works, have often been confused, in part because their early works were published together. Ann Taylor's son, Josiah Gilbert, wrote in her biography, "two little poems–'My Mother,' and 'Twinkle, twinkle, little Star,' are perhaps, more frequently quoted than any; the first, a lyric of life, was by Ann, the second, of nature, by Jane; and they illustrate this difference between the sisters." Early Life Born in London, Jane Taylor and her family lived at Shilling Grange in Shilling Street Lavenham Suffolk where she wrote Twinkle Twinkle little star ,her house can still be seen, then later lived in Colchester, Essex, and Ongar. The Taylor sisters were part of an extensive literary family. Their father, Isaac Taylor of Ongar, was an engraver and later a dissenting minister. Their mother, Mrs. (Anne Martin) Taylor (1757–1830) wrote seven works of moral and religious advice, two of them fictionalized. Works The poem, Original Poems for Infant Minds by several young persons (i.e.
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