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Flash Update #4 Tropical storm hits Madagascar | 21 March 2018 Highlights • Tropical Storm Eliakim impacted thousands of people and damaged infrastructure, including schools. • Access to the most affected areas is challenging as roads were impacted by the storm. • About 18,800 people have been affected, including 20 dead. Situation Severe Tropical Storm Eliakim made landfall in north-eastern Madagascar on 16 March in Maroantsetra district, which was one of the districts most affected by Tropical Cyclone Enawo in 2017. After 48 hours of heavy rain, winds and floods in the north and north-eastern areas of Madagascar, Eliakim left the Island from Vatomandry district on 18 March. Almost half of the northern region of Madagascar was affected by Tropical Storm Eliakim. The areas most affected by severe or moderate floods are Maroantsetra, Ambilobe and Brickaville districts, while Antalaha and Mananara nord districts suffered the effects of strong winds. Access to affected areas is a challenge due to affected roads. Preliminary reports from an aerial assessment indicate that some 18,800 people have been affected. Twenty people have been confirmed dead and one is missing. Eliakim also damaged infrastructure, particularly roads and schools. Housing, rice fields and water points were also damaged by flooding. There are an estimated 61 damaged classrooms, 687 destroyed houses and 643 water points flooded which has left 14,200 people without access to potable water and 43,000 without access to adequate sanitation. Some of the displaced and evacuated people have already returned to their homes, while some remain in temporary sites in Maroantsetra and Antalaha. Response The Malagasy Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et Catastrophes (BNGRC) is leading the response and had pre-deployed four response teams to the eastern and north-eastern regions, accompanied by search and rescue units. These teams led field coordination and supported evacuation of the population in the most at risk areas. All sector groups were activated and met to plan the response. Emergency stocks pre-positioned in different areas of the country are being mobilized to respond to the urgent needs. However, due to limited accessibility to the hardest-hit areas, logistical support is required. The national road reaching the districts of Ambilobe and Mandritsara is cut-off at several points, and the district of Maroantsetra is currently only accessible by air and sea. The response strategy consists of a multisector intervention for Maroantsetra district, which is the most affected, and sector-specific interventions for the rest of the districts. Urgent needs in the most affected areas include provision of water, hygiene and sanitation, temporary schools, food and healthcare. Damaged roads and bridges need to be urgently rehabilitated. An in-depth assessment of needs in the agricultural sector will be required. This will be the final Flash Update on Tropical Storm Eliakim. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Coordination Saves Lives | www.unocha.org/southern-eastern-africa | Twitter: @OCHA_ROSEA .

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Cyclone Enawo MADAGASCAR
Madagascar: Cyclone Enawo Situation Report No. 2 12 March 2017 This report is issued by the Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes (BNGRC) and the Humanitarian Country Team in Madagascar. It covers the period from 9 to 12 March. The next report will be issued on or around 14 March 2017. Highlights • The remnants of Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo exited Madagascar on the morning of Friday 10 March 2017. The storm traversed nearly the length of the island over two days, affecting communities from north to south across Madagascar’s eastern and central regions. • Wind damage and widespread flooding in cyclone- affected parts of the north-east, and heavy rains and widespread flooding in eastern, central and south- eastern parts of the country has been recorded. • Favourable weather conditions since 10 March have permitted national authorities and humanitarian partners to initiate rapid assessments in north- eastern, eastern and south-eastern parts of the country. • Initial humanitarian impacts in the areas of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Shelter, Health, Food Security, Protection and Education, as well as Logistics have been identified. • Field coordination hubs are being jointly reinforced by national authorities and humanitarian partners in Maroantsetra and Antalaha. 295,950 84,660 83,100 58 Affected people Displaced people Damaged houses Affected districts Source: Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes (BNGRC) de Madagascar, 12 March 2017 Situation Overview Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo made landfall in north-eastern Madagascar’s Sava region on 7 March and then moved southward in an arc across central and south-eastern parts of the country as a tropical depression before exiting the country on the morning of 10 March.
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Madagascar Enawo Report En.Pdf
Preparedness and response to cyclones From the Prime Minister Head of Government, and floods in Madagascar, a concrete Minister of Interior and Decentralization progress Madagascar is the most exposed country to cyclone in Africa and the third most vulnerable to climate change in the World. An annual average of his report is based on the passage of 1 to 2 cyclones directly strike the country, causing immediate and long-term Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo which direct consequences. They weaken both the affected households and the Taffected Madagascar in March 2017, economy of the country. The economic losses caused by a strong cyclone the strongest cyclone experienced by the are typically around 4% of the national Gross Domestic Product. country over the last 10 years. Fully aware of this real and permanent threat, the Malagasy Government, with the support of all partners, has yclone Enawo came in through the reinforced its efforts to strengthen resilience, reduce risks and prepare for disasters in Madagascar. Between North East of the country, at the level of 2015 and 2017, approximately $US 30 million were invested in this area which targeted the most vulnerable CAntalaha district, as a strong category regions to natural disasters. These efforts have obviously started to bear fruit if we refer to the results achieved 4 cyclone on Monday 06 March 2017 at night. Enawo then swept through the country striking when Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo struck in March 2017. The resilience capacity of the community allowed to the highlands and got out of the country on limit damages and losses incurred by the passage of this cyclone.
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4. the TROPICS—HJ Diamond and CJ Schreck, Eds
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Unique Aspects of the Vanilla Market MARKET + OUTLOOK MARKET + OUTLOOK
MARKET MARKET OUTLOOK OUTLOOK Unique Aspects of the Vanilla Market MARKET + OUTLOOK MARKET + OUTLOOK + Daniel Aviles Commodity Information Analyst McKeany-Flavell Commodities. Ingredients. Intelligence. McKeany-Flavell © 2018 McKeany-Flavell Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Commodities. Ingredients. Intelligence. Distribution is prohibited without written permission from McKeany-Flavell. McKeany-Flavell Unique Aspects of the Vanilla Market Commodities. Ingredients. Intelligence. Unique Aspects of the Vanilla Market “Money is the best fertilizer” and “the cure for high prices is high prices” may sound like commodity clichés, but they are not mere truisms. Every market will eventually return to these rules, a lesson we advise our clients to remember. Yet there is always an exception: For vanilla, it often seems that the rules are reversed, and price shifts have counterintuitive effects. This ingredient is a challenge for all players, from growers through processors to end users, but understanding vanilla’s supply cycle and pricing dynamics may at least partially demystify this market. What sets the vanilla market apart: + Difficulty: Cultivation is extremely labor Vanilla fruit, pod, or bean with closeup of seeds intensive, and a high degree of expertise is needed to grow the plants and process the pods (beans). + Vulnerability: Production is significantly What Is Vanilla? concentrated in one origin, Madagascar, which has in the past crowded out A quick introduction: Vanilla is a flavor made from the pod-like competing origins. The natural food trend fruit of some members of the vanilla genus of the orchid family, has now made demand less elastic, and pricing may follow suit. the only orchid that yields an edible fruit commercially cultivated for food use; vanilla fruit is widely referred to as a “bean,” a + Price pressures: Early harvest is commercially viable and is encouraged convention that we follow here.
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Final Report
Final Report Madagascar: Tropical Cyclone Enawo/Ava Emergency Appeal Operation n° MDRMG012 Date of Issue: 20 April 2020 Glide number:TC-2017-00023-MDG Operation start date: 12 March 2107 Operation end date: 11 June 2018 Host National Society(ies): Malagasy Red Cross Society Operation budget: 828,766 (MRCS) Number of people affected:124,920 people Number of people reached: 25,000 people N° of National Societies involved in the operation: IFRC, French Red Cross’ PIROI, Norwegian Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, German Red Cross, Italian Red Cross N° of other partner organizations involved in the operation: UN cluster activated, OCHA, WFP, UNICEF, WHO, IOM, UNFPA, UNDP; CARE, Handicap International, ADRA, CRS, Medair; Malagasy Government agencies*: Bureau national de gestion des risques et des catastrophes (BNGRC), Office national de nutrition (ONN), Ministère de la population, de la protection sociale et de la promotion de la femme (MPPSPF), Comité de réflexion des intervenants en catastrophes (CRIC), Cellule de gestion et de prévention des urgences (CPGU). <Please click here for the final financial report and click here for the contacts> A. SITUATION ANALYSIS Description of the disaster On 3 March 2017, Tropical storm Enawo formed in the southern Indian Ocean, by 7 March the wind surge had reached speeds of up to 300km/hr. Enawo was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane and Tropical Cyclone Enawo on 7 March 217 at 0830 UTC (1130 local time) between Antalaha and Sambava on the north-east coast. The cyclone affected Sava and Analanjirofo regions crossing Madagascar from North to South over 2 days causing flooding across the country including the capital Antananarivo.
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WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2017 Provisional Release 06.11.2017
WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2017 Provisional Release 06.11.2017 Executive Summary Whilst 2017 has been a cooler year than the record-setting 2016, it is very likely to be one of the three warmest years on record, and the warmest not influenced by an El Niño event. The five-year average 2013-2017 global average temperature is currently close to 1°C above the average for 1880-1900 and is likely to be the highest five-year average on record. The world also continues to see rising sea levels, with some level of acceleration and increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The cryosphere continued its contraction, in particular in the Arctic where sea ice extent continued shrinking, and Antarctic sea ice extent started shrinking since last year after a multi-year period of stable or even slight expansion The overall risk of heat-related illness or death has climbed steadily since 1980, with around 30% of the world’s population now living in climatic conditions with extreme hot temperatures persisting several days a year. Between 2000 and 2016, the number of vulnerable people exposed to heatwave events has increased by approximately 125 million. According to the international Monetary Fund (IMF), for the median low-income developing country, with annual average temperature conditions around 25°C, a 1°C increase in temperature could lower per capita economic output by about 1.2 percent. There were many significant weather and climate events in 2017, including a very active North Atlantic hurricane season, major monsoon floods in the Indian subcontinent, and continuing severe drought in parts of east Africa.
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Madagascar: Cyclone Enawo Overview
Madagascar: Cyclone Enawo Situation Report: No. 1 March 9, 2017 This report is issued by the Bureau National de Gestion des Risque et des Catastrophes (BNGRC) and the Humanitarian Country Team in Madagascar. It covers the period from 7 to 8 March 2017. Cyclone Enawo is wreaking havoc across Madagascar: towns and cities flooded; houses, schools, hospitals and critical infrastructure destroyed; and thousands of people displaced. Power outages are widespread in affected areas. More than 760,000 people in nine regions are expected to be directly affected by the strongest cyclone to strike the island nation in 13 years. Conditions are comparable to Cyclone Gafilo in 2004, which left 250,000 Malagasies displaced and 100,000 homes damaged in its wake. Another recent major tropical storm, Cyclone Ivan, affected more than half a million people and displaced nearly 200,000 in 2008. According to the national meteorological authority, threat levels remain highest (Red Alert) in the following regions: Diana, Sofia, Savan Analanjirofo, Atsinanana, Alaotra Mangoro, Boeny, Betsinoka, and Ny Faritanin’ Antananarivo. Madagascar also suffers from severe and chronic drought, particularly in the south of country. More than 850,000 people are severely food insecure. Overview Intense Tropical Cyclone Enawo struck northeastern Madagascar on the morning of March 7, travelling at two to three hundred kilometers per hour. On March 8, Enawo weakened from an “intense” to a “moderate” tropical storm, with an average speed of 80km/hour with peaks of 112km/hour. As Enawo moves further inland, the Government’s disaster management agency (BNGRC), the United Nations and NGOs are evacuating affected populations, passing on life-saving information to affected communities and responding to growing humanitarian needs.
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Downloaded 10/05/21 11:10 AM UTC Geographical Distribution of Selected Notable Climate Anomalies and Events in 2017
A Look at 2017 Takeaway Points from the State of the Climate Supplement G. HARTFIELD, J. BLUNDEN, AND D. S. ARNDT The following salient events and trends are reported upon in greater depth in the State of the Climate in 2017, the supplement to this issue of BAMS. Figures shown here are drawn from the supplement and are not cited in the text below. GLOBAL CLIMATE. The dominant greenhouse warmest annual global temperature since records be- gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon di- gan in the mid- to late 1800s and makes it the warmest oxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—increased once non–El Niño year on record, as El Niño–Southern again in 2017, reaching new record highs. The an- Oscillation (ENSO) conditions were neutral through nual global average carbon dioxide concentration at much of 2017, with weak La Niña conditions at the Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm. This was start and end. The four warmest years on record have 2.2 ppm greater than 2016 amounts and was the high- occurred since 2014. Above Earth’s surface, the annu- est in the modern atmospheric measurement record al globally averaged lower-tropospheric temperature and in ice core records dating back as far as 800,000 (the bulk atmosphere below 10-km altitude) in 2017 years. The global growth rate of carbon dioxide has was, depending on the dataset, 0.38° to 0.58°C above nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. The rise in the 1981–2010 mean. This was a decrease of more globally averaged levels of methane from 2016 to 2017 than 0.1°C from the 2016 record-high level.
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Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone ENAWO
Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – ECHO Daily Map | 07/03/2017 Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone ENAWO SITUATION • Tropical Cyclone ENAWO continued moving west south-west over the south- I n d i a n western Indian Ocean and towards north-eastern areas in Madagascar, O c e a n strengthening. On 07 March morning it made landfall over Antalaha district, near Antalha city, with an approximate maximum sustained wind speed between 220 and 230 km/h. 06 Mar, 18.00 UTC • Over the next 24 hours it is forecast to 231 km/h sust. winds continue moving south-west over northern and central Madagascar, weakening into a Tropical Storm. • Heavy rain, storm surge and strong winds may affect the north-eastern and 07 Mar, 06.00 UTC central-eastern areas of the country. 231 km/h sust. winds JRC estimations indicate a maximal storm surge height of 1 m along the coast of Helodrano Antongila Bay, and 1.8 m near Antalaha on 07 March at 07 Mar, 18.00 UTC 7.00 UTC. As of the same time, Meteo 167 km/h sust. winds Madagascar has issued a Red Alert in several areas of Diana, Sava, Sofia, Analanjirofo, Alaotra- 06 Mar, 06.00 UTC Mangoro, and Atsinanana regions. 167 km/h sust. winds Sources: GDACS, JTWC, Meteo Madagascar, Météo France La Réunion, Local media Landfall area – Max. Winds Forecast Population in Madagascar 07-11 Mar (Source: NOAA-HWRF) (Source: Geohive) Winds (km/h) Indian Ocean 63 - 118 Indian Ocean 119 - 153 Helodrano Legend 154 - 177 Cyclones Track points Antongila Bay 178 - 208 WIND_SPEED INTENSITY Acc.
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Rapid Shelter Assessment Report Sambava and Antalaha Date: 21/03/2017
Rapid Shelter Assessment Report Sambava and Antalaha Date: 21/03/2017 By: Joseph Ashmore (IOM Geneva), Giacomo Dei Rossi (IOM Madagascar) This report is written one week after landfall of cyclone Enawo, following a rapid emergency assessment over three days in SAVA region, focusing around Antalaha where wind damage was highest. Field assessments were made along the road from Sambava to a point 20km south of Antalaha, and 15km inland to the Southest of Antalaha. During the course of this mission, meetings were held with UNDAC, OCHA, CARE, Red Cross, private sector, national authorities, and informal key informant interviews were held with cyclone affected people. The objective of this assessment was to gain a deeper understanding of shelter needs and coping strategies and to inform IOM emergency programmes and shelter sectoral response. All numbers are estimates unless source is stated 21/03/2017: IOM: Rapid Field assessment report SAVA Executive summary: The cyclone made landfall to the north of Antalaha and caused significant damage to shelter, built infrastructure and to agricultural crop production (both food and cash crops – up to 50% of the 2017 vanilla crop is damaged). Although this report focuses on shelter, any response needs to be seen in the broader needs of cyclone affected people. Emergency Shelter Needs - No families are sleeping in the open in SAVA. However, there remain significant shelter needs. - Along coast road, observed numbers of housing structures severely damaged between Samabava and Antalaha varied between less than 1% (in Samabava town) and 50% (within 20km North of Antalaha). Estimate average observed was around 20%.
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Initial Situation Analysis
INITIAL SITUATION ANALYSIS Tropical cyclone MADAGASCAR [08.03.2017 – 1700CET] Prepared by OCHA CASS I. Overview Tropical Cyclone ENAWO, Category 4, Maximum sust wind speed: 231 km/h. Maximum storm surge: 1.0m. Main drivers of damage are high wind speeds in the coastal regions of the storm path and extreme precipitation further inland. Most affected areas (based on expected stormpath): Sava and Analanjirofo as well as Alaotra Mangoro, Atsinanana, Analamanga, Vakinankaratra, Bongolava, Itasy, Ihombre, Amoron'i Mania, Haute Matsiatra, Vatovavy Fitovinany (IFRC). Areas currently affected by extreme drought and high food insecurity are located at the southern tip of Madagaskar, Grand Sud Region (Fewsnet), with limited exposure to the storm’s impact. Most affected groups (based on lessons learned from previous cyclones): Rural communities in flood zones, in particular smallholder farmers (ScienceDirect). The most affected livelihoods zone include production of vanilla, clove, coconut, rice and zebu. (Fewsnet) Population exposure: 1.98m people living in areas exposed to extreme winds higher than 120km/h of which more than 270 thousand live in flood risk zones (UNOSAT 8.3). The Red Cross estimates (8.3) that about 720,000 people are likely to be directly affected. Tropical cyclone “Enawo” made landfall on March 7th at around 11:00 local time over Antalaha district, near Antalha city (Sava Region). As of 15:00 local time, wind speeds had weakened from peaks of 300km/h to 166 km/h. The cyclone is forecasted to move at slow pace south-west weakening into a tropical storm. Heavy rain and strong winds are forecast to affect northern and central Madagascar.
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The Effect of Commodity Price Risk on Madagascan Vanilla Farmers
Vanilla Options - The Effect of Commodity Price Risk on Madagascan Vanilla Farmers Title page image used under Creative Commons License from: farm1.staticflickr.com Mark Porter MBA Candidate – Judge Business School 29 March 2019 2019 Cambridge - McKinsey Risk Prize Bio-sketch and Photo Page Student Name: Mark Porter Email contact: [email protected] Title of Submission: Vanilla Options - The Effect of Commodity Price Risk on Madagascan Vanilla Farmers I am a candidate for the degree: MBA Bio-sketch Mark Porter is an MBA student at Cambridge Judge Business School. He holds a Masters degree in Geophysics from Imperial College. Prior to commencing MBA studies, Mark worked for six years as a seismic processing geophysicist at a multinational oilfield services firm in various international locations both on land and offshore. He has experience with project and technical risk in the upstream oil and gas industry and broader interests in operational risk across the entire energy sector. Following completion of his MBA, Mark hopes to return to work in commercial roles in the energy or extractives industries. 2019 Cambridge - McKinsey Risk Prize Declaration Form Student Name: Mark Porter Email contact: [email protected] Title of Submission: Vanilla Options - The Effect of Commodity Price Risk on Madagascan Vanilla Farmers Number of words of submission: 3296 I am a candidate for the degree: MBA Academic Institution/Department: Cambridge Judge Business School Declaration I confirm that this piece of work is my own and does not violate the University of Cambridge Judge Business School’s guidelines on Plagiarism. I agree that my submission will be available as an internal document for members of both Cambridge Judge Business School and McKinsey & Co’s Global Risk Practice.
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