Ename. Sint-Salvatorabdij

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ename. Sint-Salvatorabdij BE-A0514_115421_114115_DUT Inventaris van het archief van de abdij van Ename / M. Nuyttens. Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in Dutch. 2 Ename. Sint-Salvatorabdij BESCHRIJVING VAN HET ARCHIEF:..............................................................................13 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE SERIES EN ARCHIEFBESTANDDELEN...................................................15 Inventaris van het Archief van de Abdij van Ename............................................................15 I. De abdij in het algemeen........................................................................................................15 A. Oude inventarissen...........................................................................................................15 B. Privilegies.........................................................................................................................15 §1. Privilegies door het geesterlijk gezag veerleend.......................................................15 §2. Privilegies door het wereldlijk gezag verleend..........................................................17 a. Diverse privilegies...................................................................................................17 b. Tolrechten op de Schelde........................................................................................19 c. Jachtrechten en visserijrechten..............................................................................23 C. Cartularia.........................................................................................................................24 D. Kronieken.........................................................................................................................25 E. Stukken in verband met de geschiedenis van de abdij....................................................26 F. Briefwisseling...................................................................................................................26 II. Documenten betreffende het kerkelijk leven........................................................................27 A. Algemeen..........................................................................................................................27 B. Congregaties....................................................................................................................28 §1. Congregatie van Bursfeld..........................................................................................28 §2. Congresgatie van Vrije Benedictijnerabdijen in de Nederlanden..............................29 a. Oude inventaris........................................................................................................29 b. Bestuur....................................................................................................................29 c. Statuten en privilegies.............................................................................................29 d. Generale kapittels...................................................................................................30 134 - 156 Dossier betreffende generale kapittels van de Congregatie van Vrije Benedictijnerabdijen in de Nederlanden, 1569-1774.............................................31 e. Visitatieverslagen....................................................................................................33 f. Liturgie.....................................................................................................................36 189 - 224 Algemene briefwisseling m.b.t. de Congregatie van Vrije Benedictijnerabdijen in de Nederlanden, 1618-1779 ............................................36 h. Stukken betreffende de andere abdijen deel uitmakend van de Congregatie........39 C. Documenten betreffende de gemeenschap.....................................................................42 a. Abten............................................................................................................................42 1. Bevoegheden en prerogatieven...............................................................................42 2. Benoemingen, verkiezingen en beheer...................................................................43 3. Persoonlijke documenten.......................................................................................46 b. Proosten, prioren en andere waadigheidsbekleders...................................................47 c. Monniken......................................................................................................................48 316 - 328 Wijdingen in de geestelijke orden...............................................................49 329 - 334 Toelatingen tot het priesterschap en verzoekschriften daartoe strekkend. .....................................................................................................................................50 d. Novicen.........................................................................................................................52 e. Biechtvaders................................................................................................................52 f. Proveniers en vrijgewijden............................................................................................52 D. Patronaatsrechten............................................................................................................53 a. Algemeen.....................................................................................................................53 b. Per Localiteit................................................................................................................53 Ename. Sint-Salvatorabdij 3 1. Avelgem...................................................................................................................53 364 - 367 Rekeningen.............................................................................................54 2. Berlaar....................................................................................................................54 3. Chièvres...................................................................................................................55 1. Algemeen............................................................................................................55 2. Pastorie en pastoraal.........................................................................................55 a. Aanstellingen van pastoors............................................................................55 b. Goederen en inkomsten.................................................................................57 c. Pastoraal........................................................................................................58 3. Kerkfabriek.........................................................................................................58 a. Personeel.......................................................................................................58 b. Gebouwen en meubilair.................................................................................58 c. Goederen en inkomsten.................................................................................59 4. Kapelanieën........................................................................................................59 5. Varia....................................................................................................................60 4. Edelare....................................................................................................................60 a. Kerk....................................................................................................................60 b. Kapellen..............................................................................................................61 5. Edelare en Volkegem...............................................................................................62 6. Edelare, Volkegem en Mater...................................................................................63 7. Ename......................................................................................................................64 1. Pastorie en pastoraal.........................................................................................64 a. Aanstellingen van pastoor.............................................................................64 b. Pastoriegebouw.............................................................................................64 c. Goederen en inkomsten.................................................................................64 2. Kerkfabriek.........................................................................................................65 a. Rekenplichtigheid..........................................................................................65 449 - 470 Kerkrekeningen, 1656-1795..........................................................65 b. Gouwen en meubilair.....................................................................................67 c. Goederen en inkomsten.................................................................................67 3. Armentafel..........................................................................................................68 486 - 501 Armenrekeningen, 1666-1788...........................................................68 4. Varia....................................................................................................................70
Recommended publications
  • A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade
    L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153
    [Show full text]
  • East Flanders Amsterdam
    ExperienceEast Flanders Amsterdam Rotterdam London Zeebrugge Antwerpen Oostende Gent Brussel Köln Lille Liège Charleroi Paris Luxembourg naal poldka Leo a Beveren fle Sint-Laureins id i ng s Assenede Sint-Gillis-Waas k a n a Kaprijke a l v a Stekene Maldegem n Eeklo d Zelzate e L e i e Moerbekeart rva Wachtebeke Moe Het Waasland n e Waarschoot z Kruibeke u Sint-Niklaas e n r Evergem e T Knesselare t– Temse Het Meetjesland n e G l a lde a he n Gent c kanaal Brugg Zomergem a S e– k D Waasmunster Ge u nt Lochristi Lokeren rm Lovendegem e Aalter Gent Hamme Zele Nevele Destelbergen Laarne Berlare Dendermonde St.-Martens- lde Latem he Deinze Sc Buggenhout ie Le Melle Wichelen Lebbeke De Pinte Wetteren De Leiestreek Scheldeland Merelbeke Lede Nazareth Zulte Aalst Oosterzele Gavere St.-Lievens- Houtem Kruishoutem Erpe-Mere Zingem Denderleeuw Haaltert Herzele Zwalm Zottegem Wortegem-Petegem Oudenaarde Vlaamse Ardennen Horebeke r de n e e eld D Sch Brakel Lierde Ninove Maarkedal Kluisbergen Geraardsbergen Ronse 2 Let East Flanders captivate you “Europe’s best-kept secret.” That is what the Lonely Planet travel guide publisher calls Ghent (Belgium), promptly catapulting the city to the 7th place in the world-famous list of must-see cities in 2011. And Ghent automatically brings to mind East Flanders, home of Artevelde’s historically rebellious city. And 64 other cities and towns in the midst of forested hilltops or alongside long polder brooks. Four major rivers and streams – Scheldt, Leie, Dender and Durme – run through the area and lend their name, fame and strength to the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Beers for the Beerlovers ! Bier Voor De Echte Liefhebbers ! ¡Cervezas Para Los Amantes De La Cerveza !
    Welkom in onze lounge bar Welcome in our lounge bar Bienvenido a nuestro lounge bar Bienvenu dans notre lounge bar Willkommen in unserem lounge bar Velkommen til vår lounge bar Benvenuto nella nostra lounge bar HORARIO DE APERTURA Lunes/Viernes : 10.00 - ... Hr Sábado y festivos : 10.00 - ... Hr Domingo : 10.00 - 16.00 Hr Jueves : CERRADO Cocina hasta : ... Hr Domingo Cocina hasta : 15.30 Hr Cards accepted from 10 € DISPONEMOS DE INFORMACION RELATIVA A LA PRESENCIA DE SUSTANCIAS SUSCEPTIBLES DE CAUSAR ALERGIAS & INTOLERANCIAS ALIMENTARIAS EN LA OFERTA GASTRONOMICA DE ESTE ESTABLECIMIENTO PREGUNTE A NUESTRO PERSONAL Cervezas Español Caña 25 cl (Half Pint)............1,40 € Caña 50 cl (Pint)........2,00 € San Miguel Selecta - 33 cl - 6,2º .....................2,00 € Tiene un aroma de intensidad media – alta, en el que destacan las notas de fruta fresca mezcladas con los tostados suaves de la malta y una ligera fragancia seca. En el trago se intensifican los aromas a cereal y aparece un toque floral. En boca el amargor es pronunciado, con una sensación plena y equilibrada en cuerpo. Es una cerveza con una suave persistencia en boca, ligeramente seca y con recuerdos a malta. San Miguel - 33 cl ..................................1.80 € Mahou Clasica - 33 cl ........................1,80 € Mahou 5 Estrellas - 33 cl ...................1,80 € Alhambra Reserva 1925 - 33 cl .........2,40 € Alhambra Roja - 33 cl ......................3,00 € cerveza con grenadine, lima, blackcurrant + 0.20 € #BeerOfTheMonth = -10 % 3,00 € San Miguel O,o - 33 cl ........................2 € Mahou Sin - 33 cl ..............................2 € Alhambra Especial Sin - 33 cl .............2 € oooOOOooo Leffe Blond O,o% - 33 cl ...................3,75 € 2,25 Cervezas Artesanales de Altea BLONDE ALE - 5,5º - IBUS 23.5 - 2.95 € Cerveza mediterránea de alta fermentación.
    [Show full text]
  • Feudalism in the Twelfth Century Charters of the Low Countries
    Feudalism in the twelfth century charters of the Low Countries Dirk Heirbaut (Ghent) 1. The Low Countries: fallen from grace in the historiography of feudalism When François-Louis Ganshof wrote his classic study of feudalism, he awarded a place of honour to the Low Countries because in his opinion feudalism had come into existence in the area between Loire and Rhine, the heartland of the Carolingian empire. Looking closer it turns out that he narrowed down even this selection, using most of all examples from the Low Countries. It is a bit suspicious that Ganshof thus turned his own part of Europe into the country of true feudalism, but he justified this by claiming that there are few other regions with so many explicit sources about feudal institutions during the High Middle Ages. Today’s literature of feudalism stands in a sharp contrast with Ganshof’s manual, as the Low Countries no longer have the leading part. In fact, some books leave them out of the story altogether1. The Mediterranean, or at least the Christian part of it, has become the centre of attention. This means that it was a good idea of the editors of this book to also include a paper on the Low Countries, because the difference between Ganshof and today begs for an explanation and, most of all, a look into the sources of feudalism in Flanders and Lotharingia. The latter will in this article be interpreted in the same way as in Ganshof’s book, which means Lower Lotharingia, without the principalities of the Lower Rhine, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Land Use History (1278–1990) of a Mixed Hardwood Forest in Western Belgium and Its Relationship with Chemical Soil Characteristics K
    Journal of Biogeography, 26, 1115±1128 The land use history (1278±1990) of a mixed hardwood forest in western Belgium and its relationship with chemical soil characteristics K. Verheyen, B. Bossuyt, M. Hermy and G. Tack1 Laboratory for Forest, Nature and Landscape Research, Catholic University of Leuven, V. Decosterstraat 102, B±3000 Leuven and 1Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Administratie voor Ruimtelijke Ordening en Huisvesting, Monumenten en landschappen, Gebr. Van Eyckstraat 2±6, B±9000 Gent, Belgium Abstract Aim During the last decades, an increasing number of studies have stressed the importance of historical human in¯uence on the ecology of forests and on the characteristics of forest soils. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) the quanti®cation of the land use history of Ename Wood from 1278 to 1990 and (2) to ®nd out whether the former land use of the forest has long-lasting effects on present-day chemical soil properties. Location The 62-ha present-day Ename Wood is situated in western Belgium and is the remainder of the 145-ha historical Ename Wood. Methods We disposed of eighteen land-use maps for the period between 1278 and 1990 which were digitized using a geographic information system (GIS). Transition between the different land uses and Shannon±Wiener diversity indices were calculated to quantify the history of changing land use. Mixed soil samples were taken in lots delimited on the basis of the historical data. Next, the soil properties were combined with the land-use variables using redundancy analysis and ANOVA. Results The quanti®cation of the land use changes showed that the present Ename Wood is the result of several forest regression and progression phases, with a complete clearance in the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Gratis Activiteiten Gratis Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen Provincie
    Maak het mee in Oost-Vlaanderen het Maak wegwijzer gratis activiteiten van de Provincie Oost-Vlaanderen oktober – december 2021 2 Heb je een beperkt budget? Dan kan je terecht bij een Rap Op Stapkantoor. Dit kantoor helpt je bij de organisatie van jouw uitstap. Surf snel naar www.oost-vlaanderen.be/rapopstapkantoren en vind het dichtstbijzijnde kantoor. Goesting in nog méér leuke en betaalbare uitstappen in Oost-Vlaanderen? Vraag dan naar de brochure Vrijetijdsaanbod voor Gezinnen bij je Rap Op Stapkantoor of via het nummer 09 267 82 65 of via mail naar [email protected] Inhoud 1. Overzicht van de domeinen en regio’s 3 2. Uitstappen naar bos en natuur 4 3. Uitstappen met doe- en sportactiviteiten 10 4. Culturele uitstappen 13 Sommige activiteiten gaan mogelijk niet door of zijn aangepast omwille van corona-maatregelen. Kijk even op de site van de organisator. 3 De Boerekreek Middelburg Sint-Laureins Beveren Assenede Sint-Gillis-Waas Huysmanhoeve Kaprijke Stekene Maldegem Eeklo Zelzate Fabriek Energiek Het Kloosterbos Het Leen Moerbeke De Ster Wachtebeke WAASLAND Puyenbroeck Sint-Niklaas Kruibeke Mola Evergem MEETJESLAND Temse Lievegem De Roomacker Waasmunster Lochristi Lokeren Aalter GENT Gent Hamme Groot Vleeshuis Zele Scheepswerven Berlare Baasrode Destelbergen Laarne Nieuwdonk Bastion VIII Deinze Dendermonde St.-Martens- Latem SCHELDELAND Buggenhout De Brielmeersen Den Blakken Melle Wichelen Lebbeke De Pinte Gentbos Wetteren LEIESTREEK Hospicebossen Merelbeke Lede Nazareth Zulte Aalst Oosterzele Gavere St.-Lievens- Houtem Kruisem
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Fall of Communism on European Heritage
    Print: ISBN 978-88-903189-4-8 Online: ISSN 2531-8810 Published Online: 16 Dec 2016 EX NOVO Journal of Archaeology, Volume 1, Number 1, 2016: 85-96 85 Exploring Approaches to Italian Early Medieval Archaeology in Post-communist Europe Giulia Vollono University of Sheffield Abstract The fall of the Berlin Wall and, subsequently, of communism in Europe had profound consequences for the social and political environment of many European countries, including Italy. In this paper I discuss the impact that these, now historical, events and the new socio-political arena that emerged in their aftermath had upon Italian Early Medieval Archaeology from two interconnected perspectives. On the one hand I consider the history of a discipline that, although strongly characterised by a Marxist approach at its birth, appears not to have been subject to significant changes in its theoretical outlook as a consequence. On the other, through a consideration of the changing character of major exhibitions on the Lombard period, I explore the role that archaeology has played in the construction of a trans- national European narrative in a post-communist Europe while maintaining a central role in the negotiation of local identities. The ultimate aim of this paper is to re-evaluate the latest developments in Italian archaeology from a fresh perspective, considering the impact that major contemporary events can have on our perception, interpretation and narration of the past. Keywords: Early Medieval Archaeology, Lombard Italy, Post communism, Exhibitions, Identity. Introduction This paper was presented at the 20th EAA conference as part of the session Impact of the Fall of Communism on European Heritage1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reappraisal of Medieval Peat Marshes in Northern Flanders (Belgium)
    Water Hist (2011) 3:73–93 DOI 10.1007/s12685-011-0037-4 The brown gold: a reappraisal of medieval peat marshes in Northern Flanders (Belgium) Iason Jongepier • Tim Soens • Erik Thoen • Veerle Van Eetvelde • Philippe Crombe´ • Machteld Bats Received: 6 February 2011 / Accepted: 3 August 2011 / Published online: 24 August 2011 Ó Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Although the importance of peat as energy supplier in the medieval and early modern North Sea Area is well known, the location, extent and nature of the peat-pro- ducing areas—peat marshes or mires—remains amongst the major problems in the land- scape history of the coastal wetlands. This is especially true for areas like Northern Flanders, where peat marshes have since completely disappeared. This article reconsiders the ‘peat debate’ between geoscientists, who rely on ‘positive’ soil evidence, and histo- rians, who accept ‘circumstantial’ historical data so as to reconstruct former peat marshes. Based on a systematic comparison of the arguments of both geoscientists and historians, we argue that recent methodological advances, such as integration of historical and geo- physical data in a GIS, allow for bridging the gap between the two approaches and to reconcile contrasting opinions on historical peat marshes. This is tested in a case study for two villages—Moerbeke and Wachtebeke—in Northern Flanders, where re-evaluation of both geophysical features (soil, elevation models, hydrology) and archaeological and historical data (maps, documentary evidence on landed property and peat extraction and toponyms) leads to a completely new model for the presence of (Holocene) peat marshes.
    [Show full text]
  • CSG Journal 2020-21REV4-CALIBRI
    “Ernous qui garni son castiel” The Lords of Oudenaarde and their Fortresses (c. 1050-1300): the (Military) Establishment of a Baronial Power1 Robin Moens Oudenaarde. from Detail map,the Jacob van Deventer c. 1548 (died 1575) THE CASTLE STUDIES GROUP 195 JOURNAL NO. 34 The Lords of Oudenaarde and their Fortresses (c. 1050-1300) “Ernous qui garni son castiel” The Lords of Oudenaarde and their Fortresses (c. 1050-1300): the (Military) Establishment of a Baronial Power 1 2 6 5 4 7 8 9 11 15 12 10 13 Fig. 1: The Land of Oudenaarde c. 1250 on a geographical map of the counties of Flanders (northwest) and Hainaut (southeast). Scale 1:500.000. Thin line: nowadays borders of Belgium. Thick line: borders of the counties of Flanders and Hainaut. The major fiefs held from the lords of Oudenaarde are in white with a grey border, the other possessions are: from left to right (and from dark grey to light) the barony of Oudenaarde (acquired before 1038), the barony of Pamele and the Land between Maarke and Ronne (taken together as they were quite interwoven – acquired before 1064), the Tenement of Inde around Ronse (acquired before 1089) and the castellanies of Flobecq and Lessines (acquired before 1110). Places indicated on the map: 1 – Bruges; 2 – Ghent; 3 – Antwerp; 4 – Courtrai; 5 – Aalst; 6 – Kruishoutem; 7 – Oudenaarde; 8 – Lessines; 9 – Ronse; 10 – Hubermont (Ellezelles); 11 – Flobecq; 12 – La Royère; 13 – Tournai; 14 – Mons; 15 – Lille; 16 – Brussels. Sources for all maps and designs: ArcGIS Online. De Ferraris (1771-1778). Google Maps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Belgians
    THE BELGIANS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Belgium History Chapter 1 – History of Ghent Chapter 2 – King Arthur and Ghent Chapter 3 – City on the Mouth of the River Chapter 4 – The Burgundians Chapter 5 – Emperor Charles V Chapter 6 – Revival of Catholicism and Trade Chapter 7 – City of Textiles Chapter 8 – Living Conditions Chapter 9 – Emigration Chapter 10 – Where Our Ancestors Lived Chapter 11 – Religion Chapter 12 – Gaelens Chapter 13 – Boerjans Chapter 14 – Life Together for Nathalie and Ben Chapter 15 – William H. Boerjan Family Chapter 16 – Boerjan Girls Unknown Photos Resources INTRODUCTION Our Belgian forebears hail from places such as Oost Eeklo, Maldegem, Lembeke (which has been incorporated into Kaprijke, northeast of Eeklo), Basselvelde, plus others. The nearest market was Ghent, and this is where the Boerjan family travelled to on market days. They made this trip on foot, so it must have been within reasonable walking distance. The kingdom of Belgium is a democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The current king, Albert II, does not govern. In fact, according to the constitution, the king cannot take any official action without the approval of a minister, and his ministers are held accountable for his actions. In Belgium, the king is traditionally considered a moral leader. The present king is Philippe. Belgium has a well-educated public and a very high quality of life. There is almost no illiteracy, and all citizens over the age of 18 are required to vote. The major religions of Belgium are Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Anglicanism, the Orthodox Church, Judaism and Islam. The leaders of the four major religions – Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, and Islam – are paid by the state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ename 1290 Game, Based on the Use of Microsoft Kinect and Unity December 2016
    IT 16 094 Examensarbete 30 hp December 2016 Multi-user and immersive experiences in education: the Ename 1290 game, based on the use of Microsoft Kinect and Unity December 2016 Madhuri Pullambaku Tashi Tsering Masterprogram i datavetenskap Master Programme in Computer Science Abstract Multi-user and immersive experiences in education: the Ename 1290 game, based on the use of Microsoft Kinect and Unity Madhuri Pullambaku and Tashi Tsering Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten Ename 1290 is a virtually reconstructed heritage application aimed to serve as an educational tool. With the emergence of media and Besöksadress: interactive technologies like the Microsoft Kinect, users are now able Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 to virtually explore and experience the reconstructed heritage Hus 4, Plan 0 environments and learn about the medieval world in a more exciting way. The present Ename 1290 application is designed in a single user Postadress: mode of interaction and hence offers a very limited opportunity for Box 536 751 21 Uppsala social interaction, collaboration, and learning. In this thesis project, we have added a multi-user support in the present Ename 1290 Telefon: application with real-time motion detection through the use of 018 – 471 30 03 Microsoft Kinect and Unity. Moreover, this thesis also explores the Telefax: design issues related to user embodiment in a multi-user based 018 – 471 30 00 collaborative virtual environments, in particular a humanoid avatar for user representations through the use of Kinect. By collaborative Hemsida: virtual environment, we mean the current Ename 1290 application which http://www.teknat.uu.se/student offers a space for interaction and collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • Twixt Meuse and Scheldt. Town and Country in the Medieval Economy
    Twixt Meuse and Scheldt. Town and Country in the Medieval Economy of the Southern Netherlands from the 6th to the 12th century* Jean-Pierre Devroey, Université libre de Bruxelles Henri Pirenne, writing in the early 20th century in what was ultimately to become his monumental Histoire de Belgique, sketched the basic outlines of the development of our part of Europe. Belgian history cannot be conceived of and described as if the world ends at its boundaries. Belgium is a ‘microcosm of Western Europe (...). The Scheldt and Meuse basins have not only served as the cockpits of Europe: they were also the place where ideas were traded between the Latin and German world (...), it was their ports which for centuries were the ‘entrepôts’ for merchandise from both North and South’1. Opposed to geographical and linguistic determinism, Pirenne was convinced that the ‘Belgian nation’ (‘a land of contrasts, a country lacking natural frontiers, where two languages are spoken’), was born of a political, economic, and cultural community, forged from the urban freedoms, which had grown up on the banks of the Meuse and Scheldt. By the end of the Middle Ages, the Burgundian ‘State’ was a step on the road, which would inevitably lead to the establishment of 19th century Belgium. Although his finalistic vision of the Belgian nation is now seen as belonging to another age, Pirenne's thesis continues to be the most imaginative and powerful to be developed in the 20th century about medieval European history and its Belgian microcosm2. How can we explain the extraordinary
    [Show full text]