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Realizi n g that th e m emory o f a n ation i s b es t kept s n a n d th e n its e I a e aglow by its o gs writi gs Of po ts , h v ee n n s e to e OC C ON E E C E E i n e h at b i pir d writ H , ord r t the o n ce pow erful n a tion k n own a s the C he rokee m ay b e e e e i n n a n d e e e en s pr s rv d mi d , that th ir myths , th ir l g d a n d th eir traditio n s m ay li n ger a n d b e tra n smitted to the n ation s yet to com e . Trusti n g that a gen erou s peopl e may h a il with delight th e en o f n ew I n o w e a e i ts es to adv t this work , d dic t pag f ﬁ e o e a n d n e . all lov rs music , po try art ’ Wh en you ve rea d its pa ges give o r l en d l n Thi s volume to som e good o d fri e d .

TH E AUTH OR . BRIE F B IOGRAPHY O F THE AUTHOR .

C . o n e n a e w a s o n i n e e N . Rob rt Fra k J rr tt b r Ash vill , , z r st 1 86 a n d e a n e e i n e es July , 4 , whil h vi g r sid d oth r stat a n d cities a n d visit ed man y of th e most importan t s ec n th e et ha s e n a e n tio s of South , y mad his pri cip l hom withi th e shadows O f the rugged moun tai n peaks of his n ative

a n d u e e e n th e Ol d N e . pict r squ hom la d , orth Stat He w a s e a e i n th e e a n d e n duc t d ﬁ ld for st , by rippli g e a n d n e i n th e en N a str am rolli g rill , studi d op book of ture a n d recit ed to th e Maste r O f D estini es wh ere the shadows of th e eve rl a sti n g hills lock ha n ds with th e sun

shi n e o f th e vall ey . He is a read e r a n d studen t of the a n ci en t write rs a n d e O f e n e th e n e o f the po ts all ag s , si g r of Old so gs , lov r n ew ;

e n i n f n e Of N a n S rva t O ﬁcial capacity for ma y y ars tio al , Stat e a n d C ivic gov ern m en ts ; humbl e work er with th e e s a n d e o f e a n d e e e e busy toil r , writ r pros v rs from arli st childhood ! a e a n d O e e e Author of B ck Hom th r Po ms , publish d i n 1 1 1 a n d n e n n o t et u e . 9 , ma y oth r ma uscripts y p blish d

C f n n N . e o C n D e . e . . o c Marri d to Salli Wild , Fra kli , ,

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Th e . e C ee Part I h rok ,

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PAGE e n e r o n ti s i ece v Portrait of Rob rt Fra k Jarr tt, F p Tucka s ei ee e s g Falls, abov Dill boro , 9 » ’ n C ee e ! I V Alo g Scott s r k , b low Balsam , n e o n Su s t fr m Mt . Ju aluska, a n n e a n e e L k e Ju aluska , ar W y svill , A e the C e Glimps of raggi s , C n e From Top of him y Rock, e n n Grayb ard Mou tai , C n e him y Top , e C a E e Upp r atawba F lls , sm ralda , O n ee ee n C n cco ch Falls , Jackso ou ty , In the C e ee C un h rok o try, e a e a s Whit w t r F ll , Th e a a un a n s i n a n C o . B ls m Mo t i J ckso , N un e on Mt . orth from S s t Rock, Try , un n Ba lsam Mo tai s ,

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n n n n n N . C . I dia Mou d , Fra kli ,

a Ga . Tallul h Falls, , e e n n Whit sid Mou tai , en n e see e a e an n T s Riv r, bov Fr kli e Lak Toxaway , n n e Tomb of Ju aluska, Robbi svill , e e th e e en C e W h r S rp t oil d ,

e n C ee . N . C Harv sti g at ullowh , , C raggy Mou n tai n s from n ea r A sh eville e a S quoy , n th e e e e Joh Ax, Gr at Story T ll r , E e e Of a v rglad s Florid , Tu c k a sei ee e g Riv r, n e Ka uga Lak , a e Fa i r ﬁel d L k , e e en e n Pacol t Riv r, H d rso vill e, A C e ee n n a ea h rok I dia B ll T m , The C n e Pools, him y Rock , Fren ch Broa d River e Broad Riv r, th e From Toxaway, C n e To him y p Gap , C n e him y Rock, c co n estee a O a F lls, n e Li vill Falls , e u e Tripl Falls , B ck For st s es High Fall , Buck For t,

e e a s n N . C . M lros F ll , Tryo , , PART I

TH E C HER O KEE n n o t th e b e I k ow how truth may , ’ ” h e e m e I t ell t tal as twas to .

T u c k s e i e e s a F a a b o v e D i l s b o o . . g l l , l r , N C Al l a l ong the r a cing r i ver G orgeous forest trees a r e seen . THE C E O E E H R K .

i r o i o r e A b r ef hi s to r y of th e C h e kee N a t n or t i b .

Thi s history ha s been glean e d from th e w orks o f E n es n e a n d o f u th ology by Jam Moo y from word mo th , as relate d to the a uthor duri n g the past thirty y ears . In th e e n n n e en w e e m an b gi i g of historical v ts , h ar of i n hi s a s a e a e s m ew e e n th e p radi aic l hom , loc t d o h r withi bou n dari es k n ow n a s an ci en t E gypt o r C haldea . His hom e was far away a n d hi s form e r history shrouded i n th e n e o f n e s en u e o f the a a n d en dark ss cou tl s c t ri s p st , wh w e n e e th e e en es o f a n e we b e co t mplat r mot s his c stry , i com e lost n the midst O f o ur o wn research . en e n a th e O en Wh historical light b ga to ﬂ sh from ri t , w e ﬁn d m a n em ergi n g with som e degree o f civilization from a barbaric stat e i n to th e a dvan ce d d egrees o f civil i zed a n d en lighten ed tribes . en th e a e n a o f n a n d Wh m ritim avig tor , full visio s e e to e e o u n e e dr ams , dar d sail for thos hith rt discov r d e n o w n n a s e e e e n the shor s , k ow Am rica , th r liv d withi e n e n et n e e m en r alm a wa d ri g, happy, y u tutor d , rac of

. w e e e n a n e i n e whom aft rwards call d I di s , who dw lt gr at n umb ers alo n g th e whol e di sta n ce from P en obscot Bay south to th e ev e rglades of Florida . n th e n e e e e the n a Amo g more ot d trib s w r Ab ki , a n u n u un E e en e Moh wk , Mohica , H ro , Iroq ois , M si , ri , S ca , e n n Ma m r a ho a c n n a n N o l Susqu ha a , , Powhata , Mo ca , u C n ee ee laway , T scarora , Pamlico , atawba , Sa t , Uch , ee C ee C e n e Sh o w a n o a n d Yamas , r k , hoctaw , S mi ol , C e ee o f e e i s e f o r e h rok , but of all th s it l ft us to sp ak n e th e n C e ee the n e R ed alo of valia t h rok , most obl of all 1 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

M en who n e u u e un i n th e A , i habit d that pict resq co try p a l a c hi a n n o f n a n s i n E a en n essee es e n p chai mou t i st T , W t r N C n a N e n Ge a C n a a n d orth aroli , orth r orgi , South aroli a an d o f n a en u a n d es Al bama , part Virgi i , K t cky W t n Virgi ia . Th es e a r e th e p eople o f whom littl e ha s b een sa id a n d e m n Y et o f l s s written tha n most o f th e children o f e . a l l o f the n a tive Am e rica n s the C h erokee trib e wa s th e

s n e u an e a n d n e en . mo t obl , h m i t llig t e e e i n th e a n n f th e n es o f e a Som wh r a ls o Aborigi Am ric , th e C e e a e th ea N e n e h rok e s ep ra t d from e gr t orth r trib , the u s a n d e e en e n a e th e s o f Iroq oi , by pr f r c i h bit d hill th e a a a n n e a n d e we ﬁn d e ea i n App l chi ra g , h re th m rly th e n e a n u n a un daw of Am ric history , occ pyi g co try f e en n en f o r th e a the e which a fords ampl viro m t rtist , po t a n h a n H n a n e o d t e p i ter . a d Hom er s een a d Michel g l travel ed amon g th e tow eri n g hill s o f the ha ppi est l a n d e th e n a n d th e se n s ea o f e n a e of arth , so g chi l , i t d b i g dr p d th e o f u a e n e th e to with vail blood , wo ld h v i spir d world look forward to the tim e when th ere will b e n o dea th s en e s n u n the n e o f w r er ly itti g po thro a . At o n e tim e th e C h erok ee trib e w a s the l a rgest an d most learn ed i n a rt a n d litera ture o f a ny tribe i n the n e a e a n e a s as a n a s en - ﬁv e U it d St t s , h vi g p rh p m y tw ty us n e e an d a a n e un e e u a se tho a d p opl , tt i d , d r S q oy , who a i s e e n e u e a e ee o f ea n n photogr ph h r i r prod c d, th t d g r l r i g, that m an y o f th e tribe b eca m e quit e familia r with lett ers a n d e a e n e th e a a n en e s lit r tur , pri t d from lph bet i v t d by thi n e m a n n en a n d e u ea e o f the C r s ot d , i v tor d vo t pr ch r h i n ti a gosp el . e a e a n un u e - ee et to S quoy was hims lf t tor d half br d , y him a r e we i n d ebted f o r a n a lpha bet o f 76 cha racter s which sta n d s third a mon g the a lphabets which have b een n en e a n m en an d h a C e ee c i v t d mo g , by whic h rok hild

1 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

Thi s removal w a s th e mo st luckl ess an d recrean t o f all th e a bus es th a t had b een h ea p ed upon th e bra v e but e e n e e h lpl ss ba d of C h rok e . un n e e th e e b ut er J aluska , who wit ss d r moval , was p m itted e n th e e e e e a h a d h e to r mai with r sidu , r mark d th t n n en e n e e e en k ow that G ral Jackso ( who b cam Pr sid t ) , would hav e remov ed the C h erok ee i n such a brutal m a n n er h e a e e the e e e , would h v kill d him at battl of Hors sho n B e d . Th e th e e o f the C e ee a s history of r moval h rok , told by Jam es Moon ey of th e D ep a rtm en t of Am erican E th n o l o e n e e e n e e a n d a s i n gy , gl a d by him from y wit ss s ctor th e e e e ee i n e o f e a n d trag dy , may w ll xc d w ight gri f n e i n E en h u pathos a y oth r act Am e rican history . v t e m ch su n g so n g of th e exil e o f th e Arcadian s fall s far b ehi n d i n n it th e sum o f d eath a d mise ry . n e en e n e a n a o f v o l U d r G ral Wi fi ld Scott , rmy un teer s a n d regul a r troops w ere con cen tra ted i n th e C her n d n n n ee a n n . C . ok cou try , by i structio from Washi gto , D , he was directed a n d gave ord ers to soldi ers to gath e r n n th e e ha d een all I dia s to various stockad s , which b e n e e previously pr pare d for th eir receptio . From th s e e e en e posts , squads of soldi rs w r s t to s arch out , with e a d n e e e s n b e un rifl n bayo t , v ry mall cabi which could fo d withi n th e ramificatio n s a n d d eep recess es of th e great i n n e n a n a n d n to the Appalach a ra g of mou t i s , bri g forts e e m a n an a n d b e n n th e es v ry , wom child to fou d withi gat n e of the gra it hill s . e e n e e th e n n - da e Famili s , whil sitti g p ac fully at oo y m al ; e e e n the u n a n e e oth rs whil p rformi g mat ti al blutio , w r sudden ly startl e d by the gl eam o f bayo n et s a n d with u e a n d th e m en a e e s th e blows , c rs s oaths from c ll d soldi r , I n dia n s w ere driven lik e cattl e from th eir humbl e hom es n e e n n a a n d e u e i n dow th rugg d mou tai p ths , th ir ho s s OC C ON E E C HE E 1 3

ma n y ca ses w e re burn ed an d th eir small possessio n s e e a s the a e e en e e s C e ee e e d stroy d, br v but d f c l s h rok p opl look ed o n with that won derful stoicism which n o othe r m e race of en eve r poss s sed . Men e e e e i n the e en n th e w r s iz d ﬁ lds , wom tor from ee a n d the ff a n d en en e th e wh l dista , childr fright d from e f Th e n e i n h pl asure s o play . va dals who follow d t e wak e o f th e e n a n d n n n a n d de soldi ry , looti g pillagi g , bur i g n et n e se e e C n e e stroyi g , y calli g th m lv s civiliz d hristia s , w r such a ba n d of outlaws a s is se ldom s een even amo n g

th e most sa vage a n d barbaric races . E v en I n dian grav es w ere robb ed of the silv e r p en dan ts a n d oth er valuables which ha d b een depo sit ed with th e h e e e . en w o e n o t e e d ad Wom w r abl to go , w r actually forc ed at th e poi n t of a bayo n et to march with th e same sp eed as m en . Upo n o n e occasion the soldi ers su rrou n ded the hous e a n o l d C n en n e a s of hristia patriot , who wh i form d to e e e e en a n d what was to tak plac , call d his wif , childr n en n n ee n n n e gra dchildr arou d him , k li g dow amo g th m f e e e i n th e n o f e i n o f r d a last pray r sa ctuary his hom , his n e n e e th e e n e ativ to gu , whil soldi rs stood asto ish d , look i n o i n n e g n sile c . en e n e e n e h e a e a e th e Wh his d votio s w r ﬁ ish d , ros , b d e a n d h e l ed e n e e hous hold follow him , th m i to xil , with that b ecomi n g C hristia n fortitude which i s s eldom wit n es s ed amon g m en . On e n o n n n th e e n e en woma , ﬁ di g hous surrou d d , w t th e a n d e the en f ed e to door call d up chick s , th m for the e e e e e en n h er u n last tim , bad th m far w ll , th taki g baby po h er she e en e h er n her e back , xt d d ha ds to oth r two small en en e h e r n n e e childr , th follow d husba d i to xil , from wh en ce sh e n eve r retu rn ed . a n ee w h o e e m e A Georgi volu t r , aft rwards b ca a OC C ONE E C HE E

C ne i n the C n e e a e e e a a e u h t olo l o f d r t s rvic , s id , I h v fo g through the C ivil War a n d h ave s een m en shot to pi eces a n d s u e e th e n b ut the C e ee r e la ght r d by thousa ds , h rok ” moval w a s the most cru el work I ev er witn es sed . n n o l d m a n n a e All w e re o t thu s s o s ubmi ssive . O e m d “ C e wa s e e e Tsali , harli , s eiz d, with his wif , his broth r, his three s o n s a n d th eir f a mili es ; exasp era ted at th e e hi s e e n n e a e brutality accord d wif , who b i g u abl to tr v l wa s e th e n e s a en h er e fast , prodd d with bayo t to h st st ps , he e th e m en to n i n f o r e urg d e oth r joi him a dash lib rty , a n d he s e i n C e ee the s e s u e as pok h rok , oldi r , altho gh th y e n e n n n e su en h ard , u d rstood othi g u til ach warrior dd ly spran g upo n th e soldi er n ea rest a n d en deavore d to wren ch hi u Th a w a s en n d un s g n from him . e att ck so sudd a e e e o n e s e e a n d th e es ﬂed xp ct d that oldi r was kill d r t , h n th n n n while t e I n dia s es cap ed to e mou tai s . H u dred s o f e e o f e th e u s a es oth rs , som th m from vario s tock d , ma n aged also to esca p e to th e hill s a n d moun tai n s from e e e e e n o t di e s ta r v tim to tim , wh r thos who did from a tio n sub s i sted o n roots a n d wild b erri es u n til th e h un t wa s ov e r . Fi n di n g tha t it w a s impos s ible to secu re th ese fugi ti v es en e n en e e e n , G ral Scott ﬁ ally t d r d th m a propositio ,

- C n e . . n n a s Us di i n through olo l W H Thomas , k ow Wil C e ee e s e en a n d e a e h rok , th ir tru t d fri d chi f , th t if th y u n C a e a n d hi s f o r n s en the wo ld bri g h rli party pu i hm t , rest would b e allow ed to rema in u n til their ca se could b e adj uste d by th e Gov ern m en t . On ea n o f th e o n C a e un a h ri g prop sitio , h rli vol t rily a e i n n ff e n e a s a a e c m with his so s , O ri g hims lf s criﬁc for hi s p eopl e , a n o f en e a C a e hi s e By comm d G r l Scott , h rli , broth r a n d the tw o e e s n s e e s n ea the u f ld r o w r hot , r mo th o Tucka sei ee e e a en o f C e ee s n e g riv r, a d t chm t h rok pri o rs OC C ON E E C HE E 1 5

bei n g compelled to do the shootin g i n ord er to impress n th e n n the a o f e u e e es n e upo I dia s f ct th ir tt r h lpl s ss . se u es s e e to e a n From tho f gitiv thu p rmitt d r m i , origi ed h n ea s e n an o f e e n a t t e prese t t r b d C h rok e . Wh en n early C herokee ha d b een gath ered i n to

the e th e e a e an . stockad s , r mov l b g E i n n e e e a es a e a n a u ﬁv e arly Ju s v ral p rti , ggr g ti g bo t u n e n e e u n th e s tho sa d p rso s , w r bro ght dow by troop to the o l d en o n s ee e a t the esen C a un ag cy Hiwa s riv r , pr t lho ,

n n . a n d n n n o w C an e n e a n . T , to Ross la di g ( hatt oog , T ) ’ Al a n d to un e n n n ow un e s e a . G t r s la di g ( G t r vill , ) low er n o n th e en n e ee e e e e e ut u n dow T ss , wh r th y w r p po stea me rs a n d tra n sported dow n the Ten n essee a n d Ohio to th e a e e o f th e s s en e e u f rth r sid Mi sis ippi , wh c th ir jo r n ey w a s con ti n ued by l an d to I n di an Territory ( now Okla hom a )

Th e remova l i n the the . hottest part o f the yea r w a s a en e so ea s n e s a n d a a tt d d with gr t ick s mort lity th t , by e n o f the C e ee Na n a C n n s r solutio h rok tio l ou cil , Joh Ros a n d the oth er chie fs submitt ed to Gen e ra l Scott a prop o s i ti o n th a t th e C herok ee b e a llow ed to remove them h se e i n t e a e th s ea s n n e . lv s f ll , aft r e ickly s o e d d This was gran ted o n con dition that al l should h ave sta rted th e 2 0 th o f O o e e e th e an d a e who by ct b r , xc pt sick g d , b e s n n ot e to e o a . o fli might abl mov r pidly Accordi g ly, c ers w ere a ppoi n t ed by the C he rok ee cou n cil to ta ke charge o f th e emigra tion ; the I n dian s b ei n g orga n iz ed n e en e a n o n e n e i to d tachm ts av r gi g thousa d ach , with two e e s i n a e o f ea e a en a n d a sufli ci en l ad r ch rg ch d p rtm t , t n e r umb r of w a gon s a n d horses f o th e purpos e . In wa the a n e en e a t a u this y rem i d r , roll d bo t n u n a f ew n e s a es s a e o th e n ( i cl di g gro l v ) , t rt d n lo g s m a rch ov erland la te in the fa ll . Tho e who thu s em i r a e un e the n a en o f o wn fi e s a s g t d d r ma gem t their of c r , 1 6 OC C ON E E C HE E

e ed e n e n s n e th e esen C e s mbl at Rattl s ak Spri g , ar pr t harl s

to n en n . e e n n w a s e i n , T , wh r a ﬁ al cou cil h ld , which it w a s d ecided to co n ti n u e th eir o l d co n stitutio n a n d l a ws i n e n 1 8 8 h e n ew e . en i n O e t th ir hom Th , ctob r , 3 , lo g f ew w en procession of exil es w a s s et i n motio n . A t by th e e n n e e n e en . C s riv r rout , but arly all w t ov rla d ros i g , the n e th e ee e e a e to orth sid of Hiwass riv r , at a f rry bov ’ n e C ee e ee e n n th e e Gu t r s r k , th y proc d d dow alo g riv r , th e e a n d en e e e e n sick , ag d childr , tog th r with th ir b lo g n e n e i n a n th e e o n o r o n i gs , b i g haul d w go s , r st foot horses . e a n 6 n e en e e It was lik army , 4 5 wago s , r gim t aft r r gi en th e n i n th e en e the f e a n th e m t . wago s c t r , o ﬁc rs lo g

n e a n d th e e en o n th e n a n d th e ea . li , hors m ﬂa k at r r ’ en n e ee e w a s e e s e a s T ss riv r cross d at Tuck r f rry , hort ’ n e e n the u ee dista c abov Jolly s Isla d , at mo th of Hiwass ; e n e th e e e e M c Mi n n th c rout lay south of Pik vill , through e a n d o n N e e e th e C e n w a s vill , to ashvill , wh r umb rla d e cross d . e en en o n n e e e th e n e Th y th w t to Hopki svill , wh r ot d e e i n a e e a en en e chi f Whit Path , ch rg of a d t chm t , sick d Hi e e a n d e . s e e th e s a di d p opl buri d him by road id , with e th e e a n d e e e s a un box ov r grav pol s with str am r ro d it , that th e oth ers comin g o n behi n d might n ote the spot em a n d r em b er him . — Som ewh e re alo n g that march o f death f o r the exil es — di e d by t en s a n d tw en ti es eve ry day o f the jou rn ey the e e e th e n e e n s an n d vot d wif of ot d chi f , Joh Ros , s k dow a n d e e n o n e n o f b e di d , l avi g him to go with bitt r pai r ea v em en t adde d to th e h ea rtbreak at the rui n a n d deso i latio n o f h s n a tion . The Ohio w a s cross ed a t a f erry n ear th e mouth o f th e C e n a n d th e a sse o n u u umb rla d , army p d thro gh so th er n n s un the ea s s ss w s a e Illi oi til gr t Mi i ipp i a re ch d , 0 p OC C ON E E C HE E 1 7

i h e o s te C e Gi r a r dea n ss u . w a s n ow t e p ap , Mi o ri It middl o f n e th e e n n n u o f i c e so wi t r , with riv r ru i g f ll , that s ev eral detachmen ts w ere obliged to wait some tim e o n the ea ste rn ba n k f o r th e ch a n n el to b ecom e cl ear . I n formation furn ish ed by o l d m en at Tahl equah a ft er th e lapse o f fifty y ears show ed that time had n o t s u f fic e d to wipe o ut th e memory of ' th e m ise ri es o f that a e e the en e n e o f a n d h lt b sid froz riv r , with hu dr ds sick n en n e u i n n o r e e u n th e un dyi g p d p wago s str tch d po gro d, with on ly a bl a n ket overh ea d to k eep o ut the Jan uary blast . The ss n w a s a a e i n two s n at cro i g at l st m d , divi io s , ’ C e Gi r a r dea n a n d G een e a s n e b e ap r s f rry , , hort dista c en e the a w a s c o n ti n ued o n Mi low , wh c m rch through s u to n n e th e e deta chm en t m a ki n so ri I dia T rritory , lat r g a n e n e e e e orth rly circuit by Spri gfi ld , b caus thos who had gon e be fore h a d kill ed o ff all the gam e alon g the direct o r ute .

‘ e e i n O e 1 8 8 a n d n o w Th y had start d ctob r , 3 , it was 1 8 the n e n u e n e March , 3 9 , jour y havi g occ p i d arly six f th h e n o e e o f t e . mo ths hard st part y ar , It i s difﬁcult to sta t e po sitively as to th e mortality a n d

‘ s ea n th e e s n e a n n lo s by r so of r moval of thi o c h ppy atio , n ea a s can b e a e n e e h n u but as r sc rtai d , mor t a fo r thou

n e n e e n h e - s a d p r so s p rish d alo g t great highway of death . On the a i n n n e th e e es n e arriv l I dia T rritory , xil at o c s et u n u es a n d n n th e about b ildi g ho s pla ti g crops , gov er n m en t havi n g agree d un d e r trea ty to f u rn ish th em r a e e tio n s for o n e yea r a ft e r a rrival . Th y w re w elcom e d

e n e the Ol d ' S ettl er s - who e the n by th ir ki dr d , , h ld cou n e e s f 1 82 8 n d 1 8 e e us a e o a . e try u d r pr vio tr ti 3 3 Th s ,

e e e n a ea e a n e un e ‘ ‘ how v r , b i g lr dy r gularly org iz d d r a gov e r n m en t a n d e s o f e ow n - e e b no eans i s chi f th ir , w; r y m d se to b e a e the o e nmen a au ho t o f po d sw llow d by g v r t l , t ri y e s the n ewcom r . OC C ON E E C HE E

ea e e e e i n the n o r ea J lousi s d v lop d , which mi ority tr ty o f the e a n e e a e party migr ts , h ad d by M jor Ridg , took side s with th e old s ettl ers aga i n st Joh n Ross o f the Na ti o n a l a n u e e th e e n e ee p rty , which out mb r d oth rs arly thr n to o e . e e e ff e en e e e at e e the N a Whil th s di r c s w r th ir h ight , tio n was throw n i n to a f eve r of excit em en t by th e n ews e s o n n e an d E a that Major Ridg , his , Joh Ridg , li s Boudi — n o t all l ead e rs of the treaty party- ~ had b een kille d by e en o f th e N a n e a e e the adh r ts tio al party , imm di t ly aft r n en a en e a un a u n e adjour m t of g r l co cil , which had djo r d after n early two w eek s o f d eba t e without h a vi n g b een e n n e abl to bri g about ha rmo ious a ctio n . Major Ridg a n d n e th e a n sa n e hi s s o n was waylaid shot ar Ark s li , a en b ed a n d e e a e s was t k from cut to pi c s with h tch t , whil e Boudi n ot w a s treach e rously kill e d at hi s hom e a t n n e a l l ee e n e n Park Hill , I dia T rritory , thr b i g kill d upo the e n e 2 2 1 8 e th e de sam day , Ju , 3 9 , which dat marks n n cli n e a d fall o f a o c e great a n d happy p eopl e . For e e u e i n un e ﬁfty y ars which follow d this l ckl ss day J , I n dia n T erritory b ecam e a v erita bl e th ea ter of crime

a n d disord er . the e a n o f th e sun e a e to the From South m ridi ﬂow r st t , es a n o f th e R ed e a n d cypr s b ks riv r , from Fort Smith th n n th e e n a a c en to e shifti g sa ds of gr at plai s , for h lf tury sh eltered a cot eri e o f actors that wou ld h av e made

Robi n Hood or Kit C arso n blu sh with en vy . The soil of th e ﬁv e tribes h a s b een moisten ed with h uma n blood wh en th ere w a s n o n e to a n sw e r th e cry for v en gean c e ; wh en n o soun d save th e dea dly s n a p o f th e Wi n ch ester ’ a n d the pit - pat o f the bro n cho s hoofs w e re th ere to b ea r N o w s n e n ue a n d e e n . e t stimo y , tho who i cit d i trig murd r a r e n e th e e e a i s a n the a the e go , d sp r do thi g of p st , brav

i m en wh o en listed i n th e ha za rdous govern men ta l s ervice

’ Al o n c o tt s e e b e l o B a l s a . . g S C r k , w m , N C PART II

O C C O N EEC HEE

C NE E E E O CO CH ,

Th e a th e s a e M id of My tic L k ,

b y

e Rob rt Fra nk J a rrett .

F a r a w a y b en ea th th e s ha dow s th e e i e Of tow r ng Smoky ra ng , th e es e a a In W t rn North C rolin , e s a s u e b ut s a e Com tory tr , tr ng ; a a e a n d h r e Of m id n e lov r , th e e e ee Of trib of Ch rok , h e i e f r u th e u a And s l v d a p mo nt in , e th e N a r e hill s of T enne s se .

F a r a bove th e habit a tion th e w e m a n a n d th e a Of hit , pl in ,

h a - e e a e Lived t e d rk y d India n m id n , Of th e Juna lu ska s tra in ; Jun a l u s ka e h er a e , chi f , f th r, e e w a hi e Occon ech e s s prid , t e e W a In h e lon ly littl igw m , u a High u pon th e mo nt in s ide . OC C ONE E C HE E

Th er e th e s tr ea m Ocon a lu ftee e i t s u r t e Hid s s o rce f a from h e ey , h e e hi s v s Of t whit m a n in ro ing , F a r u pon th e mou nt a i n high ; An d h e es i e a t for t la nd pr m v l , d e n a e a Ro a med by o a d w nd ring b e r, th e s s i s e e And hi ing, co ling rp nt , e Wa s no s tra nge r to them ther .

C a t a mou nt a n d mou nta in -boomer

a m - s e ees Spr ng fro cliff id into tr , th e ea e a a n u u e And gl , h wk d v lt r e e u s e e eeze Wing d th ir co r on very br . At th e footfa ll of this m a id en e th e e a n ee Sp d gobbl r wild d fr , From the ' m a i d en Occoneechee e r n Flitt d butte ﬂy a d b ee .

ee ee es e Occon ch , for t dw ll er , Lived a m id th e s cene s o wild ; In the s imple Indi a n m a nner ’ e u n a l u ska s Liv d old J child . Strea m s of pu re s t limpid w a t er ’ u s e - o er th e e o G h d forth rock b l w, And th e trou t a n d silver minnow

‘ e i n wa e a s Dw lt t r, cold s now .

i ' OC C ON E E C HE E

’ t m e h e s a t e e And a ti s d t nd a v ning , e h wa s e Wh n t e sun s tting low , And wou ld wa tch with a dora tion Shifting clou ds a n d s cenes b elow ; An d hi s s ou l would wa nt to wa nder Where th e clime of s etting sun Wou ld r evea l hi s long lo s t Q ua lla

When hi s work of life wa s done .

th e a s ﬁl hi e s And t e r wou ld l s ey lid , e a i s a e And motion sh ke h fr m , e h u h r e a e Wh n e tho ght of e d p rt d, e e u Or s om fri nd wo ld s p ea k h er n a me . ’ h e d a th s And c ll on God e pirit, ’ Wh en h e d s ee th e golden glow th e a s e su s e Of ra di nt pl ndid n t ,

Wh ere h e eve r longed to go .

’ e n eec ee Th n h e d thi k of Occon h , h er a es e ea s In dol c nt y r , How sh e need ed hi s protection a a e The re to drive w y h er f a r s . ’ h e ea s e hi ee e Th en d c s d p r pining, n d h a n hi e A i s w iling a d s gri f, For h er futu re a n d h er b ea u ty ’ th a e e Brou ght e chi eft in s hea rt r li f .

OC C ONE E C HE E

Though th e life of Occoneechee Wa on e e a e a ee s lon ly s tr ng c r r, And th e s olitu de a n d s ilence a e th e a e ea M d rom nc of it dr r, e th e w es h es Whil ildn s of t e for t , th e a a a o a With nim l s th t r m , And th e bird s in grea t profusion ee e h er e W am m e Ch r d littl igw ho ,

’ Y et h er e th e a e s s pirit , lik e gl , Lo n ged to s o a r off a n d b e free th e o f e a n u a From wilds gorg d mo nt in, ea n d f n e Str m a cli f a d cra g a n d tr e . And on e d a y ther e ca me a r ed m a n Wa ndering up th e mou nt a in side From th e va le Ocona lu ftee er ’ Which wa s ev y India n s pride .

a - a n d a s e a u e T ll h nd om , gile r nn r , And th e keennes s of hi s ey e Did b etra y hi s quick pe rception

h a su a s e - b To t e c l p a s r y . a u a s es H ir h ng down in long bl ck tr es ,

F a r e hi u e - a e b low s sho ld r bl d , And th e brilli a nt p a inted fea ther s h a By t e p s s ing wind s w ere s wa yed . OC C ON E E C HE E

And th e a rrows in hi s qu iver e a e a e s e Tipp d with v ri g t d ton , h n a e And t e toma hawk a d w r kn if , All th e w ea po n s h e h a d known ; Y t h e a l l e s e s e e kn w of th ir u , No ne co uld wi eld with grea ter skill a a Toma h wk or knife or rrow,

Tha n thi s wa nder ing Whippoo rwill .

ee ee s e Occon ch , itting lon ly, a e In a s h dy littl nook, ea th e e th W a N r op ning, by e igw m , And th e b a b bling crys ta l brook ; h e wa a h ee n a es S s b t ing f t a d nkl , a n a h e e es Arm s d h nds s did r fr h, In th e irides cent s plendo r h e u a n Of t fo nt in cool a d fres h .

th a e n ar Whippoorwill , e w nd ri g w rior, e th a e h Spi d e m id n by t e pool, ’ ea h e s ea d e r N th t pr ing tr e a bove h e , By th e li mpid strea m s o 0 0 0 1 ; e h e e e a Th n v ntu r d there to t rry, a a n e i n th wi l d W tch d ling r e , e th a e a n d h e u ai N a r e m id n t fo nt n,

- Wa tch this for es t dwell ing child . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 9 ,

u a a a e u a un e Tho gh w rrior , br v , nd t d h e ﬁer ce-s t es f o e By t , wild t , ’ th e a e s a e s s u e In b ttl h rd t tr ggl , Cha s ing b ea r a n d bu ck a n d d o e ; hi e wa u s e a s s For s lif s d to h rd hip , a u a th e a s e Sc ling mo nt in s in ch , ’ Y et he ne e r w a s known to fa lte r ’ h Mid t e hott es t of th e r a c e .

B ut h e now wa s moved b y cau tion a ea e s a e To a ppro ch , with gr t t c r Th u w a e e nkno n m id , ther b efore him , And th e s cen e s o rich a n d ra r e ; And hi s bra v e hea rt a lmo s t fa il ed him As h e come s u p to h er s ide e s a e a es h e h er And ob i nc m k to , ’ e h E er th e chi fta in s e espied .

Occoneechee s pra ng up quickly

th s s - e e s ea From e rock mo cov r d t , a a s e b ut e a n d m e All b h d , lith ni bl

Were h er a nkles a n d h er feet . “ ” - I - s ee - ou e e th e ee s O y , w r gr ting e e a e s a e u s Th y xch ng d pont n o ly , e As they moved off tog ther . ee e e th wa Occon ch e l a d s e y , OC C ON E E C HE E

th . e Wi a To e qu i t littl e g w m , Wh ere old Jun a l u ska dw ell s th a e eec ee With e m id n Occon h ,

- s And for whom hi s hea rt up w ell . Sprea ding out th e ﬂowing d o e- skin a h ea e Fl t upon t e rth n ﬂoor , Occon eech ee a n d th e w a rrior ’ a a e er S a t a n d t lked th e ch s s o .

n d e ea a n d e s S a t a ta lk d of b r v ni on ,

S a t a n d smoked th e ca lumet . Th es e th e greetings of th e w a rrior t Wh en th e ma iden ﬁrs t h e m e . th e a Whippoorwill , e w a nd ring w rrior , a e a n d d a T rri d for a night y , a e hi th W a T rri d long wit n e igw m , An w a a a a d s lo th to go w y,

For th e ma id a n d Jun a l u sk a th e a e e To w rrior w r s o kind, ’ Tha t tw e re h a rd a mong th e trib esmen u e e u s a S ch a g n ro cl n to ﬁnd . B ut a t d a wn upon th e morrow Whippoorwill mu s t w end hi s way ’ u n al u ska W a From old J s igw m , o ee i a F r too long h a d b n h s s t y .

OC C ON E E C HE E

a a a e a s h e wa s For w rrio r, br v n e s s e s a e O po s s ed of s kill o r r , With hi s tom a ha wk a n d w a r knife And s uch long bl a ck r a ven h a ir ; And sh e knew not how to a n s w e r u h e a s e Tho gh s e f lt lov r s do , Wh en th ey plight th eir deep d evotion

T o ea ch othe r to b e tru e .

Occon eech ee ! child of wild wood s am a n d a I gro wing old gr y , An d e n u s ea o u I f el I s oo m t l ve y ,

Tho u gh I gri eve to go a w a y . a n ee th e a e I c f l h nd of tim , child e s s u ea Pr ing down pon my h d , ’ And I know it won t b e long now ’ Till I m res ting with th e dea d .

a u e a l I c n hea r yo r moth r c l ing, ee e a i m e S w tly, g ntly, c ll ng , B e th e s e ckoning from e gold n sun t , e An d sh e c a ll s a l s o for the . ’ a s u s a s sh e s es e m e T w j t l t night tood b id , o l a e e s u a s ee Whil e y u y th r o nd l p , ‘ ’ An d sh e a e m e un al u ska ! c ll d , J h r u e m e An d e voice c a s d e to w e p . OC C ON E E C HE E 3 3

‘ ‘ An d s h e s a e a u n a u s a id , D r J l k , I ha v e com e to tell y ou where Y ou will ﬁn d m e a t th e port a l s h ’ Of t e Lord s ho u s e ove r the re . b e a n th e e s s e I will mo g bl d , B n e u e with a g l s p o n high . ’ a e n ea e a s a r e H v o f r s of D th d k riv r , ’ u i B e cou r a geou s till y o d e .

Th en s h e s tood a n d s a n g a m e s s a ge ’ O e o e b ed r y u in you r lon ly , a m m en e e a e For o t , th n d p rt d An d a e b u t h e h a d ﬂe d . I c ll d , s Y et a ea e r ee e I d ily h r h s w t voic , An d h e a e e I s ee r im ge th r , A h e a s u u n e a en s s c ll s to h v , ’

th e ea su e s s o a e . Mid pl r , O , r r

An d I s oon s ha ll cro s s th e rive r And will j oin h er on th e stra n d a s n e a e With immort l lo g d p rt d ,

I n th e a e s a a n . f ir , bl t , h pp y l d ’ ’ Wh en I m gon e you ll n ee d protection a a n n ea By br v e who k ow s o f r , An en s e ou d wh orrow s ov rﬂow y , a h On e to wip e a w y t e tea r . OC C ON E E C HE E

’ Th en I ll w a tch a n d w a it with Q u a lla IVi th th e s a a e e chi f a n d w rriors br v , a e n e th e e e n a Who h v joi d trib e t r l , r h n u e e ea e a n d t e a e . Co q d d th , h ll gr v I sh a ll w a tch then for yo u r comin g ’ An d I ll tell th e mighty thron g ’ a u e n i n th e u u e Th t yo r comi g f t r , ’ An e ee o th e s n d w ll gr t y u with o g,

a th e s e a s n i n Th t r ph s i g glory , a s n em n s a t th e e e C ti g g crow f t , Pr a i s in g Him who reign s for ev er ” a On th e gra n d tribu n a l s e t . As h e ta lke d hi s voice gre w w ea ke r hi s a n e e And h d gr w v ry chill , en th e s u e w n e hi f e ea Th moi t r cro d s or h d , An hi u d s p l s e w a s d ea thly s till .

Then s h e kn e w tha t h er d ea r m oth e r An d th e gr ea t chi ef s th a t h a d b een ’ Ha d op e d th e ga te of h ea ven wide l e a n e i n To t oth r bra ve chief . en sh e s e o u t h er a e Th obb d for f th r , As a broken - h e a rt e d child e n e u s e a e Will for lov d o s j t d p rt d , e h L ft s o lo n ely i n t e wild . OC C ON E E C HE E 3 5

B u h e ea e t t d d , too s oon forgott n , Now li es bu ri ed by th e s ide hi m u a en e u a a Of s ch l m t d Q ll , O n c e hi s s w eet a n d lovely bride While th eir Sp irits dw ell together Fr ee from ca re a n d w a nt a n d p a in Whe re th e t emp es t fu ll of s orrow ’ Ne er ca n rea ch th eir s ou l s a ga in .

Ye a r s h a d ﬂown s in ce Occoneech ee S a w h er n lovi g Whippoorwill , High u pon th e Smoky Mou n t a in Ne a r th e crys t a l rippling rill ; For th e white m a n h a d tra n s ported Bra ve a n d Squ a w a n d little child F a r a w a y to Okl a hom a h es e To t e w t rn hill s s o wild .

Some h a d gone to th e D a kota s e h a d n e e Som go to M xico , Som e h a d j oin e d th e trib e ete rn a l e n b u e su e t s . All w r goi g, r low ’ th e e a s u a n For whit m n occ p tio , e ee u s e e a Ch rok m t giv th ir l nd , An d m u s t give up a l l po s s es sio n s a n Go d j oin s om e other ba nd . OC C ON E E C HE E

Y et a r e s idu e of trib e sm en e e a e e e e a n W r llow d h r to r m i , ’ th e u n a n a n th e s Mid mo t i s d e for t , An d th e ea a n d th a n m dow s e pl i , B u t th e s n m en a n d h s tro g t e w a rrior , s e h a d n a a Mo t of th m go e w y , F a r a cro s s th e mighty m o u n t a i n s a th e s n th e d a Tow rd clo i g of y .

’ G en era l Ja cks o n s m en i n blu e co ats a e a n d a a th e a v e s C m took w y br , a a th e s u a a n a s e Took w y q w d p p oo , u e a n i n e a e s B ri d m y th ir gr v , Y e th e e s u e u a n t r id tri mph t , a e o u t i n th e r e s Ro m d fo t wild , IVi th ou t s e e r h lt r , food or co mfo t , e For d ecre pid chi f a n d child .

S a d a n d ea n a n d ea w ry , lo g dr ry, e th e e ee o u t es Mov d Ch rok W t , e s e s n s n e s n With th ir tor of ki a d v ni o , An d th n e s e s s e s s e e tri k t th y p o d . a s th e u n a n s Up cro s Smoky Mo t i , u a n d r u e a a n d a Ro gh gg d tr il ro d , n e en n s s s Li d by rhodod dro blo om ,

Clo s e b e s ide wh er e Lu f ty ﬂow e d .

A s f t h s e o e a e , o t o o f e o c g l i m p C r g g i F r m p C h i m n y R k .

G a e t i C i e T o . r y b a r d M o u n a n . h m n y p

OC C ON E E C HE E

H a n d s w er e bou n d with thongs a n d fetters Tho n gs a n d fe tt e r s co u ld not hold Bra ve s o ga ll a nt you ng a n d noble A a a n s thi s v li t w a rrior bold . hi s u s c ee ee For tho ght of O con ch , w a e f a r f a r e i Who s l ft , b h nd , th e e s u e e With r id of w om n , e hi a n d i Stirr d s br ve h ea rt a h s mind .

On a n d on for da ys they tra vel e d th s ea s e By e tr m who s ilver ﬂow , From th e grea t high Smoky Mo un t a in s B eca m e s il ent n ow a n d s low ; th e oc a n s n es For r k s d ri i g ridg , n e es s e e O c e th ir progr did im p d , e a n i n th e s a e No w w re f di g di t nc ,

Co u ld not n ow reta rd their s p eed .

th e u e a n d e u s And j o rn y, long t dio , e th e en e th a e Wor wom wor e br v , An d th ey s ore a n d mu ch l a mented To b e bo un d a s s erf or s l av e ; For their free - born spirit s never Ha d e en u m a n e e b bo nd by b for , Till th e blu e - co a t J a ck s o n s oldie r C am e a n d dr a gged th em from their OC C ON E E C HE E 3 9

Co r n w a s bloom i n g o n th e lowl a n d s e n th e u n e e e Wh j o r y th y b took , An d th e a s s a a r a gr g v e m u ch om , By th e l a u ghin g Soco brook ; B u t th e s u n s a n d moon s oft w a n ing B r o u ght th e m oon of rip eni n g co r n

a n a n en - ea e To tio , brok h rt d , n With a do u bti g ho p e forlorn .

L evel la nd s brou ght no en ch a ntm ent To a p eopl e who h a d kn own a u b u t e e th e es en N ght fr dom till pr t , Who s e u top i a n drea m h a d flow n ; n a s s th e a a n e Flow flow r di t riv r , wn a s s th e s u Flo flow e hop o f yo th , h e r d m th es From t e a n of e for t .

e e e e e e s . Th y w r no mor fr , for ooth

By a n d by th e F a ther Wa te rs a e i n v e a e a n s ua C m i w of br v d q w , An d th e s kiff a n d s ide - wh eel s t ea me r e e th e s n s e e e s a w W r hifti g c n s th y , a s h a e a e s Plying f t t e F th r W t r , a u r en s a n s With c r t lo w d till , e s es . An d rev rb era ting whi tl

Shri eked a m edl ey lo u d a n d shrill . OC C ON E E C HE E

An d h e e a a u s t f rrybo t w s b y , Plyin g fa s t th e liquid w a v e ’ Of th e F a th er YVa ter s cu rr en t B e a rin g s qu a w a n d chi ef a n d br a ve Till th e l a s t bra v e In dia n w a rrior ’ s s e th e a e a e s e Cro d F th r W t r tid , s s e th en n e Cro d e g tl e ﬂowi g riv r ,

i t en . a n IVi th s cu rr t d ee p d wid e .

en e r e s e e u n e Th th y t d fro m th ir j o r y , e s e a e e R t d for littl whil , On th e u a e th e e bl ff bov riv r , u n Wh e re th ey s a w h er l a ghi g s mile . Th e v co u ld s e e th e s u n a t m orn i n g s e u u hi s e s Ri p q ickly fro m r t , S ee a s n h i s en him h ti g to z ith , n th s Soo n to g o dow n i e w e t .

en th e W n e a e o n u Th i t r c m q ickly , l n a n d a s s a n d a n e Kil i g corn gr c , An d th e wi n d bro u ght clo u dy w ea the r i ts s n a n d m s a n d a n With o w i t r i , An d th e trib e within th e b a rra ck s e s l l e ea e e o n n a . W r di h rt n d , e a d An d th ey lo n ge d n ow for their Lu f ty i t a s a a a With s c c d e n d i ts f ll . OC C ON E E C HE E 4 1

B u t a t la s t th e gen ia l s un shin e Took a w a y th e i ce th a t froz e Th e n e th e e s en cor of hop , from trib m An d th e chilly win d tha t blow s n th e a e th e e r Alo g v ll y , of riv , e a n a e Ov r bog d pr iri , too An d a n r e a m e s r n m e o d r c with p i gti , “ ” n n Y ou th e j ou r ey m u s t re e w .

en e r s e u i n th e n n Th th y o p mor i g, s e e e th e a n d a Ro b for d w of y , e a n d e th e en s e e Roll d ti d t t tog th r , An d e u o n e r w a w r e q ickly th i y , On e w a a a th ir y to Okl hom , Out a s s s u an cro s Mi o ri l d , e a n d s u a a n d a a Chi f q w w ry w rrior , a e th e e e a n M rch d Ch rok e br ve b a d .

th e e s e e s e a n To w t rn r rv tio , Whe re th e bi s o n a n d th e owl

An d th s h e - a n d s e en e wolf , fox rp t Writhe a n d ro a m a n d n ightly prowl s th e u n e e e e Thi co try wh r th y took th m , Thi s th e co u n try tha t th ey ga v e I n exch a n ge fo r their own cou n t r y th e e a n d s u a a n e To chi f q w d bra v . OC C ON E E C HE E

ea a l l h e e e L ving t y loved b hind th m , ea n a l l e s ea L vi g to th m mo t d r , An d th ey s ettl ed ther e s o lon ely I n a co u n try dry a n d drea r ; e e i n e a a i n s Th r to p w y orro w , An d e n n i e r pi i g, d e of gri f ; Fr om th e s olitu de a n d s ilence ’ f a n er e O thi s l d th s n o relief .

th e a n a Amid hill s of C roli , s i e n a n s s Hill mpr g t with rich bli , W e a n d e a n u a s ith th ir grots grov s d fo nt in , Hill s th a t lov e- b ea m s lov e to ki s s ; a e th e a b u e a e Ro m d d rk , t pr tty m id n , ee ee e hi Occon ch , lov ly c ld a e sh e f a r u t th u a s Ro m d o in e mo nt in , ’ e s u e s o Mid th ir olit d wild .

ea e sh e e a sh e a e Dr m d e oft h r , s r mbl d Of h er w a r rior Whippoorwill h er e n h r e Of lov r, lo g e lov r , Whom sh e ﬁr s t m et n ea r th e rill High u po n th e Smoky Mo u nt a in s ’ Whe re th e s u n s et s a fterglo w Hold s th e s e cret s of D a m e N a tu r e th e n m n From s o s of e b elow .

U e a t a a a s Oc c o e e c e e a s p p r C w b F l l , n h F l l , E s m r l e a d a . . J s t . a c o o u . , N C k n C n y , N C

OC C ON E E C HE E

Y et n o s u n a e e e h er o d c m e to r li v , An d n o vi s io n ca m e to pl ea s e An d it n ev e r d a wn ed u po n h er He e a n th n e es r m o g e virgi tr , a h e e r w a a s e Th t r lov s tr n port d , With th e br a ve a n d chie f a n d child h e a n a a To t l d of Okl hom , w a n s n e e a n d d . L d o lo ly , ird wil

th e s r ea s h e en a s en e Up t m th c d d , s u r e i d s h m a Slowly , ly d e rch , ’ N ea th e s e a n o a k a n d e th pr di g h mlock , e s n n e R ti g oft b e a th th eir a rch . Wa ll s of s olid s p a r a n d gr a n ite R ea r ed th eir h ea d s up tow a rd th e blu e B u t n o w a ll or hill o r rive r u e th e m u e Co ld imp d e a iden tr .

S h e n o w ea e th e a n a a a r ch d N t h l , u r e s u e i n e e w a Pict q v ry y , ’ An d s h e r e s t e d n ea th th e s ha dow Of th e m o un t a i n t a ll a n d gr a y ; H th e u n a n ea th e a e igh mo t i , cl r w t r , Tha t com es ru shin g dow n th e s id e Of th e m ou n t a in fro m th e fore s t i u With ts np ollu t ed tide . OC C ON E E C HE E 4 5

e e ea u es s a th e a e Sp ckl d b ti w m w t r , Sw a m a s on ly they c a n do ; ee i n e s a e a l l th e e s D r h rd ro m d for t , n e ee f ew O ly Ch rok s w e re . E a e s s u n e n n s gl , wift po th ir pi io , a e a u n th e a i r So r d loft p o , e u u n e e e s ea en Th y wo ld t r th ir y to h v , e n n th e a e a Th n dow o m id n f ir ,

As to gu a rd h e r i n h er ro amin g sh d n o e u e For e h a oth r g id , a e o n e s u a a n d n s e a n S v q w co t ll tio , A h n d t e ra cin g river tid e . h a d ea s e e n a n Bird s c d th ir lo g migr tio , Not a clo u d di s tu rb ed th e blu e th e a n ea en Of c opy of h v , h n And t e co u try they p a s s e d thro u gh .

Nighti n ga l e a n d thru sh a n d robin a e s a n n d e e en e M t d , g a dw lt s r I n th e r e s th e e fo t , by riv r , i ts a n s o es a n d een With b k s fr h gr , An d e a s n ee e e ch p ok e to Occo ch , I n th a n u a u e e s e l g a ge N t r giv , Of th e ﬂora a n d th e fa u n a h Wh ere t e child of N a tu re lives . OC C ON E E C HE E

en h e a e u th e un a s Th s r mbl d thro gh mo t in , th e s um a n a n hi To mit , gr d d gh , ’ Wh e r e Tu s qui tte e s b a ld a n d fore s t P en etra t es th e clo u dles s s ky Un ob s tru ct ed vi sio n rea che s ’ s s th e a e e e Cro V ll y Riv r , wid , T th e H a a s s e e o i w e riv r ,

Flowin g in i ts lordly prid e .

Her e th e p a n ora m a ri s es I n i t ea u a n a n a s b ty gr d d g y , As y o u lin ger o n th e sum mit As y ou h e s it a tin g s t a y ; Vi sio n s lo n g ou t i n th e di s ta nce ; a u ou en a e sm e H nt y with ch nt d il , An d th e re v er i e of N a tu re h Doth t e w a nd er er b egu il e .

a l l e to wn th e n an a e V y , I di vill g , An d u n e th e a m un Aq o , c ping gro d , h eo a s a e w n th s a e C v l ithi e di t nc , O n c e wher e Ch e rokee w e r e fo u nd C a m e within th e ea s y fo cu s Of th e tr a in ed ob s ervan t ey e Of th e m a iden on th e mou nt a in h N ea r t e clea r es t va ulted sky . OC C ON E E C HE E 47

n ee ee e a n d e e Occo ch look d wond r d , a n n e th e u n a n s a n e th Sc d mo t i , c n d e sh e e u h e r e e e And lift d p voic th r , An d b ega n to w e ep a n d w a il ; h er e n e a r e For lov r, lo g d p t d , h e e a a n d u e For r lov r br ve tr , An d sh e wo n d ere d if h e ta rrie d a V I n th e re ch es of h er i e w .

n o s s u n e ea e Still ight or o d r v l d him , ea u m e a n s e a ai n B ty s il d d mil d g , As h s e a n d a e a u e s e igh d pr y d to N t r , Y h r et e a nxiou s thou ght s w er e va in . For th e va lley a n d th e mou nta in An d th e e a n d th e i riv r r ll , S ep a r a t ed Occoneechee

From h er lov er Whippoorwill .

Th en sh e to th e Hi a w a s s ee Wo u nd th e mo un ta i n - s ide a n d v a l e An d sh e a e a a e m d bo t of h mlock , An d sh e l eft th e mo u n ta in tr a il An d sh e la u n ched th e bo a t of he mlock th e a a s s e e On Hi w e tid , L a un ch ed th e bo a t a n d w ent within it s Dow n th e s ilver trea m to glide . OC C ON E E C HE E

Dow n th e rive r s et with for es t N o ttel y j oin s th e qu ickene d p a ce Of th e r iv e r a n d th e m a iden I n e n a a a e th ir o w rd r pid r c , An d s h e p a s s e s thro u gh th e n a rrow s r u th n a s u sh e ﬂew Th o gh e rrow q ick , Thro u gh th e s p r a y a n d fo a min g cu rren t h With er long h e mlock c a n o e .

F a s te r s p e d th e bo a t of h e mlock a s th e u n a n s a n th s a P t m o t i d e ho l , a s th n e n a s a u a P t e i l t Co g , Wh e r e Oko ee w a t er s roll ; He re s h e s topp e d to m a ke i n qu iry r e e a e a e Of a l g t d br v , ’ h e d s een h er a n e er If w d ring lov , h e I n t e e s th a . for t , by e w v

Th en s h e le ft th e bo a t of hemlock a m e th e s f a r a n d e Ro d e for t wid , C r o s s ed th e m o un t a in s tr ea m s a n d fo unta in s l i h h e a n d a e V t t ir cliff fo ming tid , e f a r ee e Follow d Oko riv r ,

a l a v eus h e r ea ee Tocco w ry f t , E llij a y a n d C o og a w a tte e

Do th e pr etty m a id en greet . OC C ON E E C HE E 49

Not a word i n a l l h er w a n der in gs sh ea Did e h r of Whip p oorwill , u s h e a e u ea u e e s t Tho gh ro m d thro gh l g s of for , n An d by m a y a rip plin g rill . a n ee a n d o s ta n u l a C dy cr k O , Both w e r e follow e d to th eir s o u rce With th eir win din g cu rr en t ﬂowing u In their eve r onw a rd co r s e .

e e th e h a d a e e h er Wh r bra ve tr v l d with , An d h a d told h er m a n y t a l es ’ th a s h e een en a i n Of e w r d b g ged , An d h e n n s th e a s t wi di g of tr il , O v er which th e trib e h a d tra vel ed I n h e ea a n h a d n t y r s th t lo g ﬂow , An d th e l a n d no w h eld by s tr a nger s hi s r e n a e Which t ib o ce c ll d their own .

An d a t e v en in g i n th e a u tum n en th e ea e u n a n ed Wh l v s t r bro wn d r , An d th e hickory a n d th e m a p l e l e e s e Gi d with y llow a s th y h d , An d th e p opl a r a n d th e ches tnu t An d th e ee a n d u a b ch chinq pin , Hide th e s qu irrel a n d th e phea s a n t From th e s ight of s elﬁ s h m en ; OC C ON E E C HE E

Wh e re th e gra p evin e climb s th e a lde r n e th n e Cli gs with t ndril to e pi , An d th e a i r i s s w ee tly l a den With rich o dor s fro m th e vi n e ; An d th e w a hi ut a n d th e dogw ood u r n s a e s a n d a e F i h d inti rich r r , h un a n d th e a r e For t e chipm k p tridg ,

Which p erch a n ce do w a n d e r the re .

e e th e e i s s en e Wh r e ott r s lid lick d , An d th e w ea s el a n d th e mink Do com e creeping down th e riv er e a e a n fis h a n d n Th re to b th d dri k , And th e r ed fox ro a m s th e fore s t An e e th e fleete s un d d fi s t ho d , And th e p a nther in th e fores t

M a ke s a hideo u s s crea ming s o u n d .

Her e th e bra ve wou ld si t a n d t ell th em a e a n d e e T l s myth s told oft b for , a e s w a r a n d a en u e T l of of dv t r , By gr ea t chi ef s n ow kn own n o more ; An d o n e n ight th ey hea rd th e s hri ekin g a a n ea th e s ea Of wildc t r tr m , Tha t a w a ken ed th e m from s lumb e r And di s tu rb ed th eir p ea cefu l drea m

T h e B a s a o t s l m M u n a i n . In J c s a o C o . . . k n , N C

o t o u s et o c o Mt . N r h f r m S n R k , T ry n OC C ON E E C HE E 5 1

a a n e e e a n ea e s s For p th r, ﬁ rc d f rl , Ha d come creepin g down th e s ide th e f s f a r u th e m u n a n Of cli f p o t i , ea th e a a s s ee e N r Hi w tid , e m et n ea th e e And th y dow n r riv r , An d they fo u ght dow n n ea r th e s trea m An d they m a de th e night grow hide ou s e s a n s With th ir a wfu l hrieks d cream .

Th en sh e took h er bo a t of hemlock And they l a unched it on th e w a ve e n i t u e s And th y s a t u po s g nn l , n ee ee u a n a e Occo ch s q w a d br v , And they pu sh ed ou t in th e cu rr ent e e th e a e e Wh r w v s w re rolling high , th a s e u th a s And e bo t p d thro gh e r pid ,

F a s t a s ﬂocks of pigeons ﬂy .

Pu shed they down a n d ever onw a rd a th e a e es s ee Tow rd p l cid T nn , To th e i s la nd a n d th e inl et e Of th e rolling Hi a w a s s e . ’ Here they ca mp ed o er night a n d res ted e a e a o Told th y t l s of long g , With th eir m emori e s an d s orrow s a w Bre thed they ou t th eir ca r e a n d o e . OC C ON E E C HE E

en e a e n th e Th th y ﬂo t d dow e riv r , n i ts s u n e e O m ooth , rippl d tid , th e ee hi c a m a u a To cr k of C g , e e s o a n r a e h a e Wh r m y b v s d di d , An e en e n ea h e e d th y t t d r t riv r , e e a u th e a n Ti d th ir bo t p to b k , Wh e re John Ro s s h a d cro s s ed th e h n Wh ere i s fe rryb o a t o n ce s a k .

a n e e u th a n es s W d r d thro gh e v le of dry , ’ a a n a e Ch tt oog s pr tty ﬂo w , ea a s a u e a s su ea s Cl r s cry t l , p r nb m ,

Windin g hith er too a n d fro . a n th a e s a e e i Dr k e w t r , b th d th y n it , s e a n d un e s e a n a n Fi h d h t d tr m a d pl i , Wher e th e b u ffa lo once w a n de red B n ut wh ere n o e now doth remain .

Like a s erp en t th a t i s cr a wling VVr i l i n n e s n g g g , w rithi g, r ti g not Fl eein g from a s tr a n ge in va der s n e s e u e s To o m e lo cl d d p ot , Win d s a n d cu rv e s a n d tu rn s foreve r i ts u s e a h a n o en d In co r th t s , wi n s a r a a n d a a S gs to t bo rd to l rbo rd , ’ h s n Rou n d t e Mocca i s grea t b end . OC C ON E E C HE E 5 3

Flow s th e river on forever th n e n ee By e noddi g ﬂow ri g tr , Sh eddin g fra gra n ce like a cen s er Flow s th e pr etty T en n es s ee ; ’ On h er bo s om s cr es t i s c a rri e d e u s u e s n a e Pr cio b rd n , rich a d r r F r om th e fe rtile ﬁeld s a bo u t h er

An d th e n e - a e ai r ozo l d n .

Occo n eech e e s qu a w a n d w a rri or

e th e s e - ﬂowi n e Rod ilv r g tid , In th e bo a t m a d e o ut of h emlock Which s o lon g h a d b een th eir p r 1 d e ; B u t th e e n ow a m e a tim c for p rting, A u s e i n e e e s m t com v ry lif , a i e um a n n a u e Th t s h ir to h t r , a n i With i ts toil d w o e a n d s tr fe .

’ e e u a e s e a e H re S q tchi f rtile v ll y , e a a e n u s a s e Th y pp ro ch d a d m t c nd , h u e e th e s u n ea Like t e clo d b for b m , Driven by th e ﬁ erce s t wind en e th a e Th th y hid e bo t of h mlock , u e a n d s a e e a e a eu S r f , th n b d di , th e a u th e e To bo t pon riv r , h n Which a d b e e th eir frien d s o tr ue . OC C ON E E C HE E

e e es Th n th y mou nted little poni , Fr esh a n d s l eek a n d f a t a n d fa s t An d they s p ed a long th e va lley e th e u th e a s Lik bird s pon bl t , n h a s e a Looki g for t e h nd om w rrior , n e a n n e e Looki g hith r , gl ci g th r , An d u e e th e u n e q it oft n on j o r y , Th ey wo u ld s top to offe r pra yer ;

B u t th e v a ll ey h eld th e s ecre t a n m a n u es Not livi g co ld wr t , th e a e a n e e From v ll y rich d f rtil , S ecr et s bu ried i n i ts bre a s t ; Tho u gh th e trib e h a d c ea s ed to own u th e h a d a s s e a a Tho gh trib e p d w y , From th e v a lley of S equ a tchi e e th a n th a Lik e f di g of e d y ,

Still th e s ign s a n d m a ny token s a a e f w a r a n d e T old t l o s trif , Whe re th e whit es h a d u s ed th e riﬂe An d th e b a e s h a e th e r v d u s d e knif , For th e blea chin g bon e s of w a rrior s e s e e e e e e W re di cov r d v rywh r , An d th e hid eo u s sight bro u ght s orrow a e n s o a To thi s m id n o w f ir , OC C ON E E C HE E 5 5

s e e s n n th es Bird w r i gi g in e for t, e a n d u ee M rrily f ll of gl , An d a s ymphony u nriva l ed Flood ed fore s tla n d a n d l ea ; W th e e n e s s n e s ith m llow to from i g r , a r e e s a l e a n d s e e V i d , v r ti w t , a e e s n ea C m from for t a d from m dow , a m th e un e ea ee C e a tt d r to gr t .

An e e en n s a e u s e e d wh n v i g h d wo ld ttl , An d th e n u r o s e e moo f ll to vi w , An d th e z ephyr s ﬁlle d th e va ll ey An d th e e u u s e d ew ﬂow r s s ff d with , Th en th e n ightin ga l e wo uld lu re them Or th e m ocki n gbird hold s w a y r h e a en F o m t dv t of O rion , h n h Till t e d a w ing of t e d a y .

e ea l a e e Str tching m dow s y b for e th m , a a n e a e s Rich with fr gr c , r re with ﬂow r Va ri ega t e d blen ding color s en a u e i ts e s L t a r pt r to bow r , a u s e th e e e s a Th t o t trip p d ﬁ ld s ly i n , ’ D ecked with Na tu re s ra r es t gui s e

ea s u e - s s es a es Pl r hou e for wi t s g , n S u ch a s o ly fool s despi s e . 56 OC C ON E E C HE E

u th e s en n th e a e S ch c e s withi v ll y, A e s s e a n s th y j oyo u p d lo g, e a u e e ea su e Fill d with r pt r , ﬁll d with pl r , h n a t s At t e s ce ery n d h e ong . a u e a e h e a n e u a n N t r cl p p d r h d s x lt t , I n th s a n r s o een e ylv g ov e s gr , I M l i e r e th e Godd es s Pro s erpin a n Wa s en th r on e d m a j e s tic qu ee .

a r r s r e a s s n Mighty w rio d with p io , On e h a d n s c trod thi s virgi oil , An h a r e s e i n th a e d d t d e v ll y , ’ Wh en o e r c om e by h e a t a n d toil Sportive m a id en s o n ce d elight e d en a i n a n e a n d s n To g ge d c o g, l i th th w a r s i n th e a e V e r ior v ll y , h e e a n r e a n n With t chi ft i s b a v d s tro g .

B u t th e m ighty m en a n d m a id en s Lo n g s in ce c e a s e d thi s l a n d to ro a m S n e th e a e a e a e e i c p l f c rm d with pow r , Kill ed th e b r a v e s a n d bu rn ed th e hom e th e a n a n d u n e h wa m Took l d b r d t e wig , u n th e e a n e a a Bo d chi f d drov w y , th e a r s s u a s a n a en s All w rior , q w d m id , a h e Tow rd t e gold n clo s e of d a y .

OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ n e e ee s a th a Occo ch , id e w rrior , I n a en e e n g tl ton , a d mild , “ e e b e a l l n eu I r m m r thi s gra d r , n e wa a e Si c I s littl child , I ha v e tra v el e d tra il a n d m ou nta i n a s e Sh o w o n o ee a n d ea Ch d , d r b r C r o s s ed Ken tu cky i n th e ch a s es — S een th e bl u e gr a s s st a te s o fa ir .

n e e u s u i O c whil hotly , I p r ng, u w a n e s e e a n s B ck ith tl r fi rc d trong, a e u n a a n m en C m p o b d of whit e , e e a a n d n With th ir rifl s bl ck lo g , a e a a s e e C m fl h of rifl po wd r , u a s n n a th s u n d s Q ick light i g c m e e o , r e e er a n es F om r v rb ti g rifl , A a r h n s n d th e b k of a yi n g hou d .

Th ey h a d s la in th e bu ck with a n tl er s An d u b e u n m e s n wo ld po oo , s e e e a a i If di cov r d by th ir c pt n , e a a n a n e n e By th ir c pt i , D i l B oo ; He th e u n e n a n a e h t r , I di h t r e a n d a a n n ee Chi f c pt i , pio r , n n e e r e a n d e s a n K ow to v ry t ib trib m , e e To b e des titut of f a r . OC C ON E E C HE E 59

u a n th e r e s Q ick I b ck i to fo t , Witho u t noi s e or s lighte s t s ou nd L e s t p ercha n ce I dra w a ttentio n h e From t e hunt r or hi s hou nd . ’ T w a s a wildern e s s of wildn es s a n s a n a w a s i t n a e Tr ylv i s m , Hom e of coon a n d h a re a n d tu rkey An a l l n e m e d s orts of ki dr d ga .

O n c e th e n obl e chi efs a n d w a rrior s Ro a m ed Ken tu cky f a r a n d wid e F a r a n th e a hi lo g bro d O o , Strode th e In di a n s by h e r tid e ; An d e a e a n d a e th e e s th y c mp d ro m d for t , en s e a n d a u em e a n D d rk , s pr ly gr d , n a e a e a n d e s Domi t d v l for t , Domin a t ed a l l th e l a n d

a s e th e s u a n s a s Ch d co ting b d of w rrior , Who wo u ld da r e to ca mp a n d di e On th e s e u oil of old K nt cky , Wh er e th e m ea dow gra s s gre w high ’ Hidin g n ea th th e w a vin g gr a s s es Whe re th e mu s kra t a n d th e s n a ke An d th e h edge hog a n d th e w ea s el n e a n a e Lu rke d in sh a de of vi d br k . OC C ON E E C HE E

w a s i u n a l u sk a I w th good J , I n th e a e a n d th e a s b ttl s r id , Wh e re th e Creek a n d th e Sh o w a n o e ea e a l e a s L nt ch oth r l th ir id , Wh en u pon th e T a lla poo s a er a t th e s e s en Riv , Hor ho e b d IVe j oin ed h a n d s with G en era l J a ck s o n An d by d ea th w e m a d e a n en d

th e ee a n a l l e a l es Of Cr ks d th ir l i , h l l IV o a s s e e o n e a n d a . mbl d , e s s o u r e s To r i t mighty forc , They h a d b uilt th eir mighty w a ll u s n a n d e n e B ilt it tro g r i forc d it , a s n s w a ea Not i gle p ot s w k , ’ For tw a s b u ilt by m a s t er workm en e By th e trib es m n of th e Cr eek .

Wh en th e wo r k w a s s tro n g a n d ﬁni s h ed All th e w a r r io r s ca m e to dw ell I n th e r e s s th e e fo tr , by riv r , C a m e th ey ta l e s of w a r to tell ; C a m e a thou s a n d of th e w a rrior s With th eir w ea p o n s a n d their wive s C a m e a n d lodged within th e fortres s Like th e s w a rm ing b e es in hives ; OC C ON E E C HE E 6 1

Bro ught their childre n a n d th eir ch a tt el s u e un a n u n ea Bro ght th y g , d cl b a d s p r , For th ey tho u ght once i n th e fortre s s ’ a e a e n a e a Th t th y d h v o h rm to f r , B ut th e Ch erokee a n d J a ck s on B ro u ght o u t ca n n on gr ea t a n d sm a ll An d e a s e th e s e s e s e th y r i d i ge of Hor ho , Throwing m a n y a s hell a n d b a ll ;

e s s n a e Into fortr , i to vill g , Fle w th e mi s s il es thick a n d fa s t e th e a n a m n th e n Lik r i , o g rigg i g, ’ th s a s a a n d m a s Of e ilor s p r t , u s n a s n s n e e s s Cr hi g, cr hi g to of fortr a n s n e s th e a M ki g pli t r of w ll , h e t e s th e e Of t for r s by riv r ,

With th e hea vy ca n non b a ll .

B u t it fell n ot i n th e fu ry ’ th e a e e a Of b ttl s hott s t fr y , Stood th e t e s t like old Gibra lta r th e a n d a l l th e d a All night y , And th e progre s s wa s s o s lowly a h u s b e s Th t t e b a ttl e m t lo t , th e n a s n To e Ch rokee a d J ck o , An s ea u b e th e s d o gr t wo ld co t , OC C ON E E C HE E

If s om e m e a n s w ere not di s cove re d s e th e a a e e To di lodg v li nt Cr k , No w entr enched within th e fortre s s

Growing s trong in s t ea d of w ea k . u n a l u sk s a s J a a id to J ck on , ‘ o s e d a m a n m en Ch o e y thi s y or , ca n ea s th e e e o Who br t tid b for e y u , Who will try to ente r in ;

c a n s wi m th e a a s a Who T ll poo ,

' h a n s e th e e W o c t m ﬂowing tid , a r e n e a n ea e s s Who obl , s trong d f rl , n u e A d ha v e God pon their s id . ou a su m en a ou If y h ve ch mong y , Le e o n e a n a l l t th m come forth d , Let th em da re to do their duty

Le t them d a re to s ta n d or fa ll ,

‘ Not o n e m a n of a l l th e white m en Co u ld b e fo u n d who da re d to tr y ’ To o er com e th e T a lla poo s a d Or wo u ld ri s k hi s life to i e . u u e h a s e So yo r g id whom God giv n , u n ee s th e a e Vol t re d to ri k w v , u a e u n a l u sk a With yo r f th r , J ,

u ee e hi s a e . Vol nt r d , s trib e to v OC C ON E E C HE E 63

en w e s u o u r s en e Th o ght God in il c , An d b eca m e resigned to dea th Tha t l a y o ut u p on th e cu rrent ’ h e e s en ea Of t riv r s il t br th . n e e th e a k es s U d r cov r of d r n , An th e s u e d olit d of night , We e th e a u e i b took wf l p r l ,

With a tremor of delight .

Sil en tly w e now des cen de d To th e dea thlike rive r tide ’

. s a e e n Following a t r s r ﬂ ctio , For a s ign bo a rd a n d a guide ; To poin t ou t th e right directio n n u s n And to bri g i to port , e e th e a n e l a a a n Wh r c o s y t chor, ea th n N r e s tolid s ile t fo rt .

Q uick we loo s ed them from th eir moorings E a ch m a n l a s hed b e s ide hi s bo a t u e a en s a s Q it doz , wift a s rrow An d w e s et th em a l l a flo a t ; Shot them s tr a ight a cro s s th e river e a a s n n ee Lik fl h a t light i g s p d , a s er a n th e fleete s t e u n F t th gr yho d , u n n Bo di g like a blood e d s t eed . OC C ON E E C HE E

’ e w e e a e th e a a Wh n r ch d rmy s l nding, Q u ick th e bo a t s w er e ﬁlle d with m en ; e a u n e ea e Lik th d rbolt from h v n , n Did th e d ea dly work b egi . ’ T ra n s p ort s glid e d o er th e cu rr en t e a u e a n d Lik s h ttl to fro , n e ee n d m en Movi g Ch rok a white , n n r o e To co fro t a wo thy f .

Sca l e d th e r a mp a rt s of th e fortr es s m e h e n e a e Stor d t i n r cit d l , An d w e m a s s a cr ed th e inm a t es ! u Ho w ? N 0 h m a n to n gu e c a n t ell . a a n um a n Not wom , child or h a e e s a e b u t a l l e e s a n M d c p , w r l i I n th e fort o r i n th e rive r r Or u p on th e go y pl a in .

Wh en th e m a s s a cr e a n d s la u ght e r Ha a a e a l l th s a n d b t d , e l i u e e e a a u s a N mb r d m or th n tho nd , I h h n n t e fort or o n t e p la i . a n a e i n th e r e M y ﬂo t d iv r , a n e o u t th e s M y di d in wood , An d e e u e th es w r b ri d in e for t , n th e By e ro s io or ﬂood s .

OC C ON E E C HE E

e r e a n a n e a s a w Wh tio , lik h do , a n s e u a n d wa V i h d q ickly s not , Like a v a por i n th e v a ll ey

P a s s e s a n d i s s oo n forgot . P a s s e s like a ﬂ eein g ph a n tom e a s e e th e s u n Lik mi t b for , C a m e a n d t a r r i e d for a m om en t

An d for ev e r w a s u n do n e .

O n e e ee e a n d r a e cco ch , co m t v l To th e di s t a n t m o u n t a i n s high ’ I Vh er e th e th u a n s s u mmit of e m o nt i , e u wa a th e To w r p rd tow rd s ky . D el ect a bl e th e s pl endid m ou n t a i n s i n e r n s r e e r ee n Rich f fo v gr , An d th e ga l a xy of th e m o u n ta i n s r h e e A e t e ra r s t ev er s e n .

r a e e s a e n e e n e s s e Mo t l y h v v r wit d , Mo r ta l to n g u e c a n n ev e r t ell Of th e g r a n d eu r a n d th e b ea u ty f th r a n a n h e O e vi e d t e d ll . r a n e e e n n o u St g d cliviti s co fro t y , Th en a s udd en u p ri ght w a ll s e s l e a s u e Ri ik my tic ﬁg r , e a With a s pl ndid w terfa ll .

I t a k e y o u to the summ i t ’ W a e O f the moun t a i ns whi t e i t h g .

c F ro m B a l d R o k . A t t he Juncture of t he r i ver ' W here the I nd i a ns used to dwel l . OC C ON E E C HE E 67

I will ta ke y o u to th e summit th e u a s e a e Of m o nt in whit with g , And will s how y o u whe re: th e t em p e st s u s a n d a ea s e e s a e R h ro r with c l s r g , Wh ere p hen om ena e l ectr ic M a kes mys teriou s dis pla y Of thei r p ow e r a n d their b ea u ty I n th e di s ta n ce f a r a w a y ;

Y ou a n s ee th a s n c e ﬂ h of lightni g, And c a n h ea r th e thu n der s roll e e e a e e s With r v rb r ting cho , ’ a 0 e r wh el m u e s u Th t yo r v ry o l , a e ou s a n d s a e n e M k y igh h k a d s hu dd r , a o e e a ea M ke y u tr mbl e lik l f , a e ou u s u a n d o M k y cro ch in o l b dy , ’ h r Like t e life o e com e with gri ef .

Y et y ou s ta nd a n d ga z e in w ond er Wa tch th e elem ent s grow n d a rk ; a u n e Ador tion t r s to t rror , At th e l ea s t el ect ri c s p a rk ; a s e s th e ea en s Vivid ﬂ h light h v , K ee p them in p erp etu a l glow Like a u rora bor ea li s e From b eyo n d et rna l s now . OC C ON E E C HE E

e e n a s e th e u n s n e God t r l nd s s hi , e s th e a a n th e u M lt v por , ch i s clo d , a e s u th e n n a s e s C g p light i g ﬂ h , h e Stop s t e p e l s of thu n d er lo u d . a n e s s n u s Ch g di cord i to m ic , An d th e s u H s o l with it e thrill , th u s 0 11 th e u n a n s From e m ic mo t i ,

a e ea n a u n s . M d by l pi g, l ghi g rill

! e th e r a a e Look b hold y th t com th , th e a e a a n Fill s e rth with ho p g i , s s a e th e u a n d a Di ip t s clo d s v por , h n e With t eir s h a dow s a d th ir ra in . e th e u n u s u S e s b r t f ll of glo ry , r a s a n d Shoot forth y of gilt gold , u n a s r a e a r s s S g by b rd , p o tr y d by ti t ’ Y et i ts glory n e e r w a s told .

a e a e s P int rs f il to give d cription , F a il on ca n v a s to po r tra y s n su n n th m u n a n s Ri i g withi e o t i , An d th e glorio u s d a wn of d a y ; a e s a s a n d u e e s S g , b rd h mbl po t , All a r e pig mi es i n th e eyes Of th e o n e who s ta n d s a n d w a tche s

Su n s hin e from i ts s lee p a ri s e . OC C ON E E C HE E

Pictu r es qu e ! O s cen e s eterna l ! th e e s From dizzy , dizzy h ight a n a e n a n d n e Of Gr df th r , Ro e Li vill e a e From which riv rs t k their ﬂight s . a n a a n d th e a a a s Y dki , Bro d C t wb , e e th e n a n s u s e a Wh r I di d to ro m , Ar e th e ha bit a tion only th m a n a n hi Of e white d s hom e .

High u p o n th e Linville moun t a in s ee s a s en s e s ea m Cr p il t ilv r tr , F r o m th e s h a dow s of th e fo res t e th e s e ea Lik p l ndor of a dr m , Th en it r un s a mid th e b o ulde rs n a n s a n s Joi s with m y p rkli g rill , Th a t com e s ru shin g from th e for est s e n a s Of tho e high et r l hill ,

ts s ee e e s e e Till i p d b com a u gm nt d , o u ea th e u s u n s Till y h r r hing s o d , th n e e a Of e Li vill riv r r ging, As it l ea p s an d fa ll s a n d bound s As a s e s u th e a n e it d h thro gh gr it , a s n th e n a u a F ll i to t r l pool , u n a u e i n th e a s B ilt by t r ch m , i With ts w a te r cl ea r a n d cool . OC C ON E E C HE E

I n th e Blue Ridge r a nge of mount a in s

a n a u s a s e . a n e s St d tho nd pir s d dom , u a a a e e n a B ilt of d m nt t r l , From who s e b a s e th e riv er ro a m s Like th e m a id en Occon e ech ee a n e o u t e e e ea s W d rs r pl t with t r , n s a n e a n s u n s a e s I to tr g l d , to tr ng r , u th e a s e a s s n e a s Thr l p of p i g y r ,

Lo n g i n g to b e r eu ni t ed h er a n e e e With ﬁ c for v r ,

r hi . r e s en e a n h i s n F om s p c d wooi g, b a a e T o e s ep r t ed n ev r . Thu s th e riv e r a n d th e m a iden R a mbl ed thro u gh th e m o u n t a in s wild S eekin g for a long lo s t lov er A a e s e h e s moth r ek s r child .

s th a e th u a Climb e bl ck dom of e mo nt in , ’ Rich e s t p in n a cl e e er s een ; An d th e a s a l a e h er l nd c p e y b for e , i n n d e With ts m o u d s a va le s b tween . en s en a e a a n e s L d ch ntm nt gr nd d gorg ou , e s a n ew ea s u n e Giv l e to lif , ’ An d y ou s oon forget yo u r e living

In a w orld of ca re a n d s trife .

OC C ON E E C HE E

From th e cliffs ide i n th e mo un t a in s a u s a n s r ea s Roll tho d littl e t m , L a u ghi n g a s they gre et e a ch other Wher e th e s u n s hin e n ev e r b ea m s ; n n n s Rip p li g, idli g, s wirli g lowly , ea n n a a e a L pi g dow w t rf ll , Y o u c a n ea th e s a e h r drop of w t r , e e e e e a Sw tly to th ir com p r s c ll .

Dow n th e v a ll ey gl id e s th e rive r u r u n a s a d a e e M m ri g f r w ll , th e r a n d e e a n d e e To bi d s b s p opl , Who a lo n g i ts highw a y dwell ; s n e a u u e Wi hi g th m a h ppy f t r , l Vi s hi n e s e g th m p ro p rity , Whil e it ﬁll s i ts m a n y mi s s io n s ’ n n a TW1x t th e m o u t a i s a n d th e s e .

a n s r e r e sh n e e B thi g rock , f i g p opl , a s n u i s e a C ti g p ts ilv r s p r y , As es a n th e a e it glid lo g v ll y ,

Flow s forever a n d for a y e . Me n m a e en s a n d a e s y m ov e th ir t t ch tt l , e di e a s a Oth r s or go tr y , h e s ea s e e e Still t tr m ﬂow fr s h for v r ,

N ev e r re s ting n ight or d a y .

Lo e w r C u l l a s a ja F a l l s . F rom the c l iffside i n the mount a ins ” R o l l a thous a nd l ittl e stre a ms OC C ON E E C HE E 73

n e u n th e e s Givi g lif to ﬂow r , Bloomi n g 0 11 i ts v erd a n t s id e As r a e s u e s it t v l , a s it jo rn y , e As i ts ripples m a ke their s trid . I n th e a n th e glo mi g of twilight , n th e s h a d ea s e Whe bird c d to ﬂy, An d th e d a zzlin g dom e of hea v en n G a ve re sp l en de ce to th e sky .

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n e e ee s u a a n a r r Occo ch , q w d w ior , a e th e s ea a s o n s e W tch d tr m it p d , ’ Rip p lin g o er th e p ebbly bottom Lyi n g o n i ts rocky b ed Gra s s es w a vin g gr e en a ro u n d th e m N o ddi n g bou gh s bid th em a dieu An d a e em a e s s es it w ft d th c r , h u n a w Like t e s b ea m s s p rkling d e .

e u . a a n e e th e a e Pr cio s fr gr c ﬁll d v ll y , th e s u a n h e n e From e s w e t hr b d t p i , Lu s ciou s fru it s a n d rip ening m elo n s a e th a e a n n e L d e p pl tree d vi . a n th e e a e All lo g pr tty v ll y , H ar v e s t ﬁ eld s a n d cu rin g h ay a e h e m a n n a M k t e whit rich a d h ppy , e r r Wh e th e w a rior s u s ed to s tra y . OC C ON E E C HE E

th e un u th e e At j ct r e of riv r , er e th n a n u s e e Wh e I di s d to dw ll , Wh e re they m a de their pot s of r ed cl a y a e e u e b ut a e em e M d th m cr d m d th w ll , H e re th ey t en te d lon g a n d hu nt ed

s e Ta h - ke e - o s - tee s ea m Fi h d th e tr , e a n th e a n e Stroll d lo g r ci g riv r, i s n a Wh ere t rippli g w a t er s gl e m .

n s a s s e o n a n d et ee s Moo p d , y no gr ting a m e e th e a n e a C to ch e r w d ring m id , W11 0 s o h a s u h er e long d o ght lov r, h e r e e a n a e Till hop s b g to f d , An d s h e e a sh u s a s e f lt th t e m t h t n , u i ckl v a s en u th e Q h t thr wild , th e a e a n By r pid riv r r ci g,

h h u e - S e t e n a t r loving child .

e e e li n es Th n th y took th ir ttle po i , r e a e u e Gi t th m with ro b ck hid , ea e o n th e n e n e s S t d imbl p o i , a e s o n th e e St rt d wiftly rid , On a a th e e to Tox w y riv r, On a a th e a e to Tox w y l k , W here th e l ea f of vin e a n d a lder h u s n h Hide t e m kra t a d t e s n a ke . OC C ON E E C HE E 75

a n th a e All lo g e r cing riv r , e u s es ee s a r e s een Gorg o for t tr , An d th e wild; dee r i n th e fore s t n Dw ell s b e e a th th e co a t of green . e th e ea e a e a n d u e H re b v r , h r t rk y Sha re th eir food a n d come to drin k I n t e s en s ea n e s h pl did pr di g for t , ’ a th e Ta h - k ee - o s - e e N e r t s brink .

e e e s e n d a u th a H r th y ﬁ h d a c ght e r inbow, a u th e e un u C ght littl mo t a in tro t , I n th e la ke a n d i n th e riv er With th eir p ole s both cr u de a n d s to ut ; a u th e s u e a n th ea s a n C ght q irr l d e ph t , a s e th e u e ee a n ea Ch d t rk y , d r d b r ,

a u a - en a l l e n ee e C ght p l ty , th y d d e Y et they h a d n o t o n e to s p a r .

I n th e s a pphire l a nd they lingered a n a a n d a n s M y d ys m y night , ’ On th e u n a n s th e a u e m o t i , mid l r l o n a t th e n u s L oki g wo dro s sight , Tha t will gr eet y ou i n th e mo u n t a in s a o u ee a e s e Th t y s in v l b low , As o u ea th a u e y tr d e p th s ntrodd n , A o u a n e n s y w d r to a d fro . OC C ON E E C HE E

I n th e for es t l a n d prim eva l e r e th u n n e ea s Wh e fo ta i s form th ir h d , Li e s th e fa mo u s va l e of ﬂow er s n n Sp le did va ll ey of pi k b ed s . E ve ry trib e a n d eve ry hu n t e r Kn ow s thi s lo n e s eclu de d s pot Fro m th e other va l es s o fa mo u s ’ t en o n ce s een i s n e e r forgot .

I n a e e s a n d un s e thi s v l of ﬂow r s hin , e s th en n s a n u Li e Aid , m o t tr q il t e e th e s r e a n d ea - a en r o h vy l d , G a mbol p ea c e fu lly a t will ; He a th e s a n u s r trill of di t t m ic , ’ Pl a ye d o n N a tu re s vibr a n t chim e R es o n a n t with s w e et e s t con cord

All a ttu n ed to p e rfe ct tim e .

e e th e e a ea - a e H r w ry , h vy l d n u m a s e hi s a o f a e So l , y lo lo d c r , An d th e s a n u e body , ick d wo nd d n n Fi d a n a s w er to hi s pr a ye r . e u s n en s e a s e s Pr cio i c h ere ri ,

From! th e bra s i e r of th e va le Tha t a s cen d s th e lofty mou ntain s

a n u n s een a es s a . By , tr ckl tr il

P isg a h s t a nds t he peer a n d ri v a l ”

O f O a l . l y mpus , f med of o d

I a o u a . . n d i n M n d , F r n kl i n , N C W here the mound stands in the me a dow ” b a a T here the tri e w s w ont to g ther . OC C ON E E C HE E 77

s a s a n s th e ee a n d a Pi g h t d , p r riv l m u s a e Of Oly p , f m d of old , e e th e m et e u n s Wh r god s in th ir co cil , A n n d their co su lt a tio n s h eld . n a r a s th e a e s Looki g f cro s v ll y , e e o n e e Th y b hold eith r sid , e r s a e s a n d u s n u n a n s Riv , v l g hi g fo t i ,

Which forever s ha ll a bide .

In th e di st a n ce s ta nd s e te rna l ’ u n a l u ska e u n J s p r tty mo d , Which i n b ea u ty of th e l a nd s ca p e I s th n n e gra de s t eve r fo u d . Ru s hin g s tr e a m s of p u re s t w a ter n e s e s a Givi g off th ir ilv r pr y , a e a u th e s Add b ty to e for t , n w I n a ew a n d novel a y .

An d th e b a l s am p ea k s of ﬁr tree Looks like midni ght in th e d a y s e a s i n th e s u s n e Look lik s h dow n hi , h n f In t e fa di g a r a w a y . D en s e a n d d a rk a n d mu ch forebodi ng e en s n e a e Ap pr h io s do d cl r , To th e on e who s le ep s b eriea th the m i r With i ts ﬂood of b a lmy a . OC C ON E E C HE E

ee ee es e e Occon ch , for t dw ll r , We a e a e e m a es h v tr v l d ny mil , ’ u th e u n a n s o er th e a e s Thro gh m o t i , v ll y , Whe re th e fa c e of N a tu r e s m il ed ; We ha v e t a s ted of th e foun ta in s I h en c e ea t th Ke-ow e e V br k s for h e , e a u o y a n d ea s u e Nymph of b ty , j pl r ,

Once th e hom e of Che rokee .

We a e es e n ea th e a e h v r t d r w t r , een h e n d s e S t e ﬂ ck a himm ring ﬂow , Of th e w a t e r s ki s s ed by N a tu r e e r e u a Lov ly iv r T g loo , e e h e e e n a e Wh r t Ch rok e o c e r mbl d , ’ te th e en e s S p or d mid s c s o wild . Wh er e th e fore s t a n d th e river

a e h e - s e u ed H v t w ood god oft b g il .

’ a n e e er th e s a e un W d r d o pphir co try , a n th e u e L d which doth s o l d light , With i ts mo und s a n d va l e s a n d river s ; ’ God n e e r m a d e a holi er s it e For th e hum a n r a ce to dw ell i n e e th um a n c a n s e Wh r e h s o u l ri , High e r i n i ts a s pira tion s

Tow a rd th e rich Uto pi a n s kie s .

OC C ON E E C HE E

e u e s a th es Th n it c rv mong e eddi , a s en s o n ee th e H t to m t e b nd , th e ea s e th e a a n e In m dow , lik fr gr c Born e a loft up on th e win d ; Sil en tly r eﬂ ectin g s u n b ea m s To th e di s ta nt v e rda n t hill i ts s u a e a m a n d a Fro m rf c c l pl cid , u n a n s e Smooth , t r i hed littl rill

Gl ea m s a n d glid es a ccel er a t ed A a e s a s s it g th r , s it grow , As th e e e s a e brook b com riv r , As it eve r onw a rd ﬂo w s ; a n d u a n d a s e s a S wirl s t rn s d h downw rd , ea e s a n d a n a n a s e s H v mo s d d h wild , a a s n h n n For ch m dow t e ca yo , e a s e e e Lik lo t , d m nt d child

u u s a n an d a s e s F rio , fr tic , lea p s l h n n h a s s Dow i to t e grea t by , F a ll s a n d fo a m s a n d s eethes for eve r e th e n Wh re rock s a d ri ver ki s s . a u a a s th e a n d e T ll l h F ll , work wond r th e a n d th e e Of cycl e s a g , u i ts e u h e a e Po rs d l ge down t r vin , n s i U ob tru ct ed in ts r a ge .

a l l u l a F a l s G a . T h l , I n the forest l a nd prime v a l W here the fount a ins form their he a ds .

OC C ON E E C HE E

Ro u n d by rou nd th e mou nt a in s ri s e u n n u n a n e on e Ro d o ro d , d ti r ti r Y ou e e i n e ea u b hold th m th ir b ty ,

u a s a a n d e a . Thro gh vi t , bright cl r Lik e co n centric circles ﬂo a tin g E bbi n g o n a cry s t a l b a y ’ To th e di s t a n ce th ey re r ece din g a n F din g like de cli ing d a y .

Ha r db y s t a n d s th e White sid e Mo u n ta in e a n a e e n a n d a l Lik thl t , s tro g t l P e rp en dicu l a rly ri s in g As a mighty gra ni t e w a ll ; ’ ’ e n e r th e a s e a e Tow ri g o C hi r s v ll y , e n a a t i a s e Str tchi g c lmly ts b , Like a bo u qu et of rich ro s es ’ ea u a e a B tifying N tu r s v s e .

a e th e e u n a n s High bov oth r m o t i , e s e s a n s i n e e Whit id t d bold r li f , With i ts co u rt ho u s e a n d i ts ca v ern R e fu ge for th e s ou l with grie f ; Like a m o n olith it r i s e s a r a n a es e To g d m j tic h ight , Till i ts cr e s t b e com e s a mirror

To r efra ct th e ra ys o f light . OC C ON E E C HE E 83

From i ts summit gra n d a n d gorge ou s e a e e e s e Lik s pl ndid s t r o cop , Comes a V iew yet u ndi scovered

u a we a n d a n d e . F ll of , life hop Smiling va l es a n d nodding fores ts ee ou e a Gr t y lik loving child , th e e th e u a n From z nith of mo nt i , ﬁl Com e s th e la nd s ca p e un d e ed .

Flying clou d s pou r forth th eir s h a dow s As th e cu rio u s mys tic m a ze th un a th s Shrou ds e mo t in s from e vi ion , n d With i ts d a rk a low e ring ha z e . ’ Fog s o den s e come s tea lin g o er y ou Tha t y ou kn ow not d ay from n ight Till th e rifting o f th e sha do w s

Ma kes room for th e gold en light .

I n th e ue e n ea th e ea a Bl Ridg , r h dl nd I h e u s en u a s n t H a mb rg c ic mo nt in , Com es a silver ﬂow of w a ter From a scor e of d a n cing fou nta in s n e a n en T rippi g lightly, l pi g g tly ’ Slip pin g n ea th th e u nderb r u s h Witho ut noi s e it cre ep eth s lowly h e n a Tow a rd t pl a ce of o w rd ru sh . OC C ON E E C HE E

n ea Flo a t s a long b e th th e hemlock . No d s to s w a ying s pru ce a n d pine Mu rmu rs i n i ts p ebbly bottom e s n Hold s conv r e with tr e e a n d vi e . Win d s a ro u n d th e j u ttin g ledge s Of r a n s u e n s a a nd n t l c t p r ﬂi t , With e ffu lgen c e like th e j a s p er a i n With i ts gl re a n d glea m a n d gl t .

n n a v n e e Movi g o w rd , mo i g v r , ’ I n i t o u s o er a e b ed s c r e mb r , Whil e th e bl u ej a y a n d th e robin P e rch i n tr e e top over h ea d ; P e r ch a n d s i n g of j oy a n d fr eedom ’ th e e ea s u e s s Fill gl n with pl r ong, As th e w a er s r e s a n d s a n t , f h p rkli g ,

n a s s a n . Rippli g, gliding, p lo g

Thu s th e Tu ck a s ei g ee riv er s e s f a r a i n th e e Ri b ck d ll , Wh er e th e d a nk m a r s h of th e mou nta in s e a n d a a s su a e a n d s e Ri f ll , g w ll , Till i ts ﬂow b e com e s a u gm ent e d By a tho u s a n d little s trea m s Co mi n g from th e rocky highl a n d s s n a Thro u gh th eir ﬁ su r e s a d th eir s e ms .

OC C ON E E C HE E

Thu s th e Tu ck a s ei g ee rive r F a ll s int o th e grea t a bys s th e a u a n d e Down c nyon , ro gh ru gg d , h IVh er e t e s p a r a n d gra nite ki s s . e a s n d a s e Th n it ﬂow s s till f t a f t r , i t n d ea With s ﬂood both bright a cl r , Thro ugh th e cycle s rip e with a ges

Month on month a n d yea r on yea r .

e th e e h a s N a r a p x of t e mo u nt in , th e s en e th e a e In il c of d l , IVh er e no hu m a n foot h a s trodden ’ a a a a P th or ro d or w rrior s tr il , From th e t a rn or s eep there d r i p p eth s a a e b a n ee Cry t l w t r right d fr , a e es a n ea u Th t b co m ymph o f b ty, e Pr tty va l e of C u llowhee .

In th e s pr ea ding va le th e townho u s e An d th e In di a n villa ge s tood ! I n th a e e l s e u e e lcov , w l cl d d , I n h a t e grove of w lnu t wood . n en e e a n un s A ci t chi f s h ld m y co cil ,

u th e w a r - s n e th e a e S ng o g, k pt d nc , Whil e th e s qu a w s a n d pr etty m a idens i a V e e ch other in th e pra nce . OC C ON E E C HE E 87

u ee u s ea m a n d a e C llowh , tho tr v ll y , n e th e m e a n d e O c do icil hom , a e e ee a n a Of p opl fr d h ppy , e e m a e a r a n l Fr fro trib l f d g oom , e e e e a r e ea a s Wh r , O wh r , thy gr t w rrior Wher e thy chiefs a n d w a rri ors bold VVh o o n ce held i n s trict a b eya n ce “ Th o s e who p lu n der ed y ou of old !

n e e a r a s Go e for v r e thy w rrior , n e e a n m a en s a Go thy chi fs d id f ir , a n s e e th e s s um e V i h d lik mi t of m r , n n n u e Go e ! b u t o e c a n tell s whe r . e m e e e u e e From th ir ho s w r ho nd d , driv n e th e m n ee Lik ti id hi d or d r , H erded like th e d r iven ca ttle e un a n d Forc d from hom e by g s p ea r .

e m e a e o r n a e T ll , v l ripp li g w t r, e m e e c a n T ll if y or will , ’ If you ve s een my lon g- lo s t lov er ” Kn ow n a s w a nder in g Whippoorwill ? B u t th a e a n a e w t r , cool d pl cid , Th a t com es from th e m o un ta in high r e a en e e a Swi l d mom t , th n d p rting

M a d e n o a n s w er or r eply . OC C ON E E C HE E

’ Th en th e m a id en s gri e f gre w gr ea t e r As s h e li n ge r e d by th e s tr ea m Wa tchin g f o r s om e s ig n o r token Or s om e vi s io n thro ugh a dr ea m ; B u t n o e a a e e a n dr m m d e r v l tio , n s w ed h e r e a s O ly orro ﬁll y r , An d h er eye s lo s t m u ch of l u s te r As s h e r ch e ek s s u ffu ed with te a r s .

T u r n in g th en ce in to th e for e s t e r a n d a n d un d Ov hill brook m o , To th e C ull a s a j a riv e r T h ro u gh th e for e s t l a n d th ey wo und ! r u th a n e u s a n d Th o gh e t gl d br h ivy , u a n d u e u n a n s e Ro gh r gg d m o t i id , Led th e n e u th e e s p o i s thro gh for t ,

F a r too s t eep for the m to rid e .

e e s en e a s e s e e Th y d c d d tr il d rt d , t e r e th e h e a n s u s e c i ft i d to go , ea r th e u a s a a e N C ll j riv r , N ea r i ts ro u gh u n even ﬂo w a e u n i ts a n e en n C m p d p o b k a t v i g , H ea r d a t n ight th e ro a r a n d s pl a s h Of th e voice of ma n y w a te r s n th e e Dow f a rfu l ca s ca d e da sh .

9 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

All th e grea t m en a n d th e w a rrior s u h m e n d e e s Bro ght t e wo n , a th ir wiv a e un e u e C m by h dr d s witho t nu mb r , Like th e s w a rm s a ro u n d th e hive s ; B u t toda y th er e i s no w a rrior a a en ca n b un Not m id e fo d , T en tin g o n th e pr etty m ea dow

n - w a - s a Or upo Nik mo u nd .

In th e Cow ee s p u r of mo u nt a in s St a n d s th e B a ld a n d S en tin el th a e a n d th e e Of e v ll y riv r, n Of th e m oorl a d a n d th e dell . e a s e s Lik a pyr mid it ri , L a ye r o n l a y er a n d flight on flight Till i ts cre s t a s cen d s th e confin e s

Of th e gra n d imp eri a l height .

i t su f a r e e From s m mit r c ding , Co n to u rs of th e mo u n ta in s ri s e Nu m e r o u s a s th e co n s t ella tio n s I n h e h t a rch ed dom e of t e s ki e s . F a r a w a y b eyo n d th e v a lley u e n n s th e e e Do bl To p co fro t y , Bl a ck Rock ri s es like a s ha dow n h ue e ea k O t e bl eth r l s y .

r t W t e s i t i G e a e o u a . C l i ff, h i d M n n

H a r d b W M a y stands the hiteside ount in , ” L i k e th ete tro g a n d t a . an a l , s n l l

OC C ON E E C HE E

From th e s u m mit of th e Cow ee I n th e s ea s n th e a o of f ll , Fog ﬁll s a l l th e p re tty va ll ey e es e th e e a a S ttl lik d thly p ll , n th e a n d e Comi g fro m rill riv r , th e s e a e t To i oth rm l b l , Wh e r e th e s u n b ea m m eet s th e fog- lin e An h r s n e s d t e f o t a d ic m elt .

J uttin g to p s o f v e rd a nt mo un ta i n s

en e r a e. th e el w P t t fog b o , As th e i s l a n d s i n th e oce a n h r Form t e a chip el a go . S ea s a n s o u e e ou of fog t d t b for y , T “ith i ts i s l a n d s a n d i ts r e ef Sil en t a n d d evoid of m u rm u r A h e r a s t quiv e ing sp en lea f .

n e e ee a n Occo ch , look to Northl d S e e th e u n a n s s e Smoky Mo t i ri , Like a s ha dow i n th e va lley u n s Or a clo u d p o th e s ki e . M a n y d a y s s in c e y o u b eh eld them I n e a n m a e s e th ir gr d , j tic h ight ; ’ M a n y d a y s fro m th es e yo u ve w a nd er ed

e u n a n s u n d . From th ir fo t i , p re a bright OC C ON E E C HE E 93

Hi e th e e to th e Smoky Mou n t a in s a n o t n th e a n T rry u po pl i , Li n ge r n o t u po n th e border th e a n Of e ﬁ eld s of gold n gr i . e e a e ea e Flee th a s kit or gl , No a m en s s a t om t to p or t y , a s e n a u ee H t n to Oco l ft ,

B e not lo n g up o n th e w a y .

I ha ve mu ch to s p ea k u n to y ou ’ E er I ta ke m y ﬁn al l ea v e s a en s m e w 1l l a en Som e will dd , o gl dd . n n m e Som e bri g j oy a d s o e will gri ev . o u r e en s s a n d s e s All l g d , myth tori n w a n e a Soo ill f ll i to d c y , An d I mu s t tra n smit th em to y o u ’ E er I tu rn to go a w a y .

u n ee un e e u s n Mo t th , mo t th q ick thi p o y , n n i t a S p ryly s p ri g u po s b ck , ea e n o e s e s n o r en L v v tig , ig tok Or th e s embl a n ce of a tr a ck Whereby m a n m a y tra c e or tr a il th ee I n th e a n a s s moorl d or mor , By th e ra di a n t riv e r ﬂowi n g e u a n O r s clu d ed mo nt i p a s s . OC C ON E E C HE E

a s th e e n s a s th e Gr p r i , hold f t e girdl , Lik e ﬂa m i n g o e s ma ke yo u r ﬂight To th e gr ea t dome o f th e mou n t a in

Th a t n ow gl ea m s within yo u r s ight . ’ C l i n m a n e th e n n g s Dom , crow i g glory th e e u e s Of high r pt d hill , e s e o u a n d e ou Th y will hi ld y p rot ct y , ” i t a n n s With s cliffs d rolli g rill .

Sp ed they like th e rolling cu rren t

e e . e a Sp d th y like a gl m of light , Sp ed they a s th e ﬂyin g ph a ntom s a o i n i ts O r a w ll w ﬂight , To th eir r efu ge i n th e mo u nta in th e e th e a To e t mpl of e rth , e th n e s s e u e N a r e lo ly p ot cl d d ,

Tha t h a d know n h er from h er birth .

a n n a n a ee St di g, g zi g, w tching, p ring u th e a a s e e Thro gh zu re tmo ph r , At th e wild ern e s s b efo re y o u An n n d th e s c e e both rich a d cl ea r . C e ru l e a n th e gorgeo u s mo un ta in s Ri s e a n d loo m up i n yo u r s ight Like a s pl en did con s t ell a tion

On a cri s p a u tumn a l n ight .

96 OC C ON E E C HE E

a e th a a n d th u n Ro m d e Moh wk e H ro , en e a a n d a n S c Wy dot , e a a e a n d th e a n D l w r Mohic , n n e s Lo g s i c e p ri he d a n d forgot . a a n a n d u s a a Powh tt T c ror , An th e a n e n h ow a n o d w d ri g S , ee a n d e n a n d E r e Cr k S mi ole i , a n d a Mi mi a P mlico ,

C hi c a s a w a n th s a e s d e O g , a a n d n s Kick poo Illi oi , a a s a n d u s u e a n n a s Ott w S q h , Ob i b w a a n d u s j s Iroq oi , n e en e th e n a n s u e s O c j oy d I di mm r , On e to a l l s a n w a s e c thi l d h ir , r e r ee a n d e a n d a Sp o tiv , f lith h ppy , a n d a n a a Chief m a id d m tro n f ir .

As th e blo s s om s i n th e fore s t en f a n e a Bloom th ll i to d c y , So th e mighty trib e s h er e m en tio n ed u s e s o r a n s a ! Flo ri h d , t ditio s y en th e n th e e m a n Th comi g of whit , S p r ea d co n s t ern a tio n f a r a n d wid e Th en d ec a y a n d des ola tion n u e Co q er d a l l th eir m a n ly pride . OC C ON E E C HE E 97

Trea tie s ma de w er e quickly broken An d their ho m es w er e bu r n ed with ﬁr e Which p rovoke d th e mighty trib e s m en n d a u s e e en e r A ro d th ir v g fu l i e . F u rio u s r a id s o n ho stile s a va ge

th e e - n a n d un With p owd r hor g , Soo n re du c ed th e n obl e r ed m a n s u e on e o n e Slowly, r ly , by ,

Till n o t o n e n o w ro a m s th e fore s t No n e a r e l eft to t ell th e ta l e ; e u n a n d a r e r en All th ir g s bow s b ok , w No n e n o for them w eep or w ail . Only n a m es of s trea m s a n d m ou nta in s e e th e e a K p m mory glow , th e n e a e a n ea e s s Of obl , br v d f rl R e th d m en of e long a g o .

Cherokee th e s eed a n d offs pring e s u u s R id e of Iroq oi , Sil en tly a r e di s a pp ea ring u Witho t p a gea ntry or noi s e . Thou gh more civil a n d more l ea rn ed An d u s e a h e es m ch wi r th n t r t , e b e a a a e Th y will a m lg m t d , th m n By e white a i n th e Wes t . 98 OC C ON E E C HE E

Occon eechee a n d th e chi eft a in a e a l l a e h a d ee T lk d of th t th y s n , Of th e ﬂow of p r etty rive rs An d th e a e a ee m tchl s s mo u nt ins gr n , Of th e fern s a n d pr etty ﬂow er s a e e a e h u e P rt rr of r r s t , a n e a n e Tint of m roo , whit d y llow

a a r e a n d u e . S ffron , lil c , d bl

e e c o e e a e s H ld th y nv rs e of th ir tr v l , th e er n es s su e Of wild blim , Of th e myth s a n d ha ppy legend s

Tol d thro ugh yi eldin g yea r s of tim e . th e a a n d a es en Of w r s t l forgott , Of th e chi efs a n d w a rrior s br a v e s n e a e r un e u n e Who long i c h v th ir j o r y , s e h a Who n ow le p within t e gr ve .

At tho s e ta l es th e ma id en w e p t lo ud u a u a So ght for s ol c e thr s igh , ’ Mu ch o er c om e by thou ght s of lov ed o n e s An d s h e pr a yed tha t s h e might di e u n th e u a n s High p o S m oky Mo nt i , Wh er e n o hum a n s o u l ca n tra ce Th e s eclu s io n s of th e for est l To h er lon ely b u ria l p a ce .

e e s s e e R i v e a b o v e F a k . . T n n r , r n l i n , N C

x La k e T o a w a y . OC C ON E E C HE E 99

e h a e in s Bitt rly s e w il d orrow, “ a n e m e e m e S yi g T ll , t ll why a m e o e s o n e I l ft ut h r e lo ly, An d m y t ea r s a r e neve r dry ? h e e n o a a n Why com s t t my c lli g, Why h e ro a m s s om e lon ely way Why do e s h e n ot come b a ck to m e Why do es h e not com e a n d s t a y ?

Why a n d wher e now do es h e linger ? e m e s e es e T ll , ilv r , cr c nt moon, Sha ll o u r p a rtin g b e foreve r Sh a ll ou r hop es a l l bla s t a t noon ? ’ When love s bright s t a r s hines th e bright es t Sha ll it b e th e s ooner s et? ’ Sha ll w e e er b e r eu nit ed e m e e et ! T ll , while hop e ling rs y

es h e h e u a s Do linger in t mo nt in , F a r u p tow a rd th e ra dia nt sky ? e m e es s e a u e T ll , bl d God of N t r , hi e m e es s e Nu n n a . T ll , bl d Ha s s ome evi l s pirit s eiz e d him Hid or ca rri e d him a w a y F a r e n th e ea n u s e b yo d gl mi g s n t , F a r o ut tow a rd th e clo s e of d ay ? 1 0 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

Will h e co m e b a ck with th e morning n e u n i ts s Bor p o wing of light , th e s a e a n h a s n e e From h d th t lo g li g r d , From th e da rkn e s s of th e n ight ? I s th er e no n e to bri n g m e a n s w e r ? e a e a a u e e m e e r e Sp k, d r N t r , t ll wh m a ﬁn d n s e I y my lo g lo t lov r , ” n a e I s my ﬁ a l fe ebl e p r y r .

e h e a n a n a n d n e Th n t e chi ft i , gr d obl a a n d n e e h er s e C m e li g r d by id , Like a lov er i n d evotion

Lin ge r s n ea r a lov in g bride . e a en a Th n in cc t s like a cl rion , e e a n d ea r b u t e s a Sw t cl , g ntly id , ‘ w i en u e Whipp oor ill , my fr d , yo r lov r , e s a a h e i s n o t ea ! Com g in , d d

I will go a n d hu nt yo u r lover And will brin g him to yo u r S1 de ! a h e s e r I will ro m t e for t ev , An d will cea s e to b e yo u r gu ide ; ’ ﬁn d th e o n e u v e e I will yo look d for , An d will tell him th a t y ou live ; e a e s I will t ll him of yo u r r mbl , a l l m u u e e And will y f t r giv ,

1 0 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

W u s a h e e e will r h long t riv r , Like th e m a dd en ed s wollen tide Like a l ea f u pon th e cyclon e Ru s hin g forw a rd in i ts pride ! ’ Over wi n t er s s n ow a n d ice s We r s w ea es s ee will u h ith gr t t p d , Like a herd of frightened ca ttle a u k e Or a tr in ed Kent c y s te d .

I will t ell him of yo u r tra v el s ’ a h e ee Into l nd s s never s n , e e s a n e e s With th ir for t s d th ir ﬂow r , An d th eir l ea ve s of living gr een ; ’ e a e e n d a e How for y rs yo u v look d a w it d , a e th a n d u a n s e W tch d e tr il a mo nt i id , Wa tched a n d hop ed long for him comin g e e Tha t y ou might b c ome hi s brid .

a m Sta u - a ! I John Ax , g N hi Mu ch I love th e mo un ta in s wild ! Fri end of tho s e who love th e fores t

e s e ou . Fri nd of tho who love y , child I b es p ea k a s p ecia l bles s ing To a tt end y o u while I go n a n e n s u n a e s I to s tr g l a d , to s tr ng r , d ” e e a n . Hith r, thith r , to fro OC C ON E E C HE E 1 0 3

e h e es s e h e hi s s Th n p r d r to bo om , ea e e a n a e Br th d a s il nt , p rti g pr y r th Nu n n a hi ea e To e in h v n , For th e lovely m a id s o fa ir ! a e a n d b es s e h er en e a r e Pr y d l d , th d p t d e a es Thru prim v l for t s wild , e h e th e a e s Sp d by rolling w t r , ea e a n d e H rd th m l u gh a s a w th em smil .

e h e th s a e Sp d by e Coo riv r , e ea a e s a n e Wh re gr t br k of w ving c a , e e e th e ee es B nd b for blowing br z , h n Like t e w a v es of wi d a n d ra in . Took th e tr a il s wher e o n ce th e chieft a in a t i n e Strode will lordly prid , By th e Coo s a rive r ﬂowing t un e i s s e . In mooth , rippl d tid

a a ee a n d ea s Downw rd , onw rd , fr y, a n d u s n a e Swirl s t rn a d tr v l s slow , A e s th u s it glitt r in e s nlight , A s i ts w a te r s o n w a rd go . S ees th e tr a il a lmo st exting ui shed B th e E a a y e pr tty t w , e e n e e n ea u s n Wh r o c dw lt i gr t prof io , hi n a u C ef a d m a id a n d t wny s q a w . 1 0 4 OC C ON E E C HE E

T r a vel e d f a r th e T a lla poo s a f en a n d e e m a s s Into d p or , u th e a e a n d o e s Thro gh wildwood , gl d f r t D a rk d eﬁl e a n d n a r row p a s s ; s e a e a n d en u n Foot or , l m oft h gry , a e e n a d a a n d n Tr v l d o w rd y ight , Like th e wild goo s e s p eedin g fo r w a rd

- n n I n i ts s e mi a u a l ﬂight .

’ O e r th e gl eb e s of Al a b a m a r s s e th e n d ea a n d a e C o d hill a s tr m d l , To th e Tu s k a l o o s a ﬂowin g e a r th e a n en n a n a N ci t I di tr il , Now d e s e r te d a n d fo rs a k en I s th e w a r p a th a n d th e la n d By th e Cr eek a n d gr e a t Mu s c o g a s

a n e r n n a a n . W d i g , wild , om dic b d

en s e n e a n e e e P iv , lo ly d d j ct d , en e a e h e th e P tr t d wild , O e f en a n d n a r e v r bog a d p r i i , n a e s n I to clim t s oft a d mild . a n a n d l a e a n d e r By l goo k riv , th e e e a n s u e b a By d p tr l c nt y , ’ e h e th e s u n e Follow d s dir ction, a n n a n d su n M y a ight lit d ay .

1 0 6 OC C ON E E C HE E

a n u ea e u a n d u e Tr q il , p c f lly q i t th a n d e s a e Did e moon s mom nt w n , h e a e a a Till c m to Okl hom , ’ Into hi s own trib e s doma in ; e e h e e s e a a s H r r t d for s e on , Ate th e food a n d dra nk for hea lth I n th e l a nd of Okla hom a a e L nd of p erf ct n a tu ra l wea lth .

’ a a r e a u Okl ho m , d m n s co ntry, es a e a l a s Bl t bov l oth er l nd , h e r a u a a n d a e In n t r l s oil clim t , In h er o r e - b ed s a n d h er s a nd s ; h er e e e a n a e s In f rtil ﬁ ld s d v ll y , I n h er e e u e n d ea p opl , tr a gr t , Cherokee a n d Cr eek a n d Chocta w s a e e th e a e M k th e p ople of s t t .

’ e e a n a s eau H r s l a d tr n form ed in b ty , u e a n d e b u s o To ch d till d by y t il , es s u h e e R pond q ickly to t till r ,

Product s of a generou s s oil . u n d e e e Fr it s a ﬂow r s for v r growing, e a n e Fi ld s of gold d snowy whit , Son gs of ha rv e s t hom e a n d plenty ’ e S u ng to ev ry on e s delight .

T o b J u a l u s a R o bb n s v l l e m n k , i i ,

W here the serpent c oil ed and waited ” H i d b ene a th the waving grass .

1 0 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

en h e s e u th Th ro p like e morning, h i s s u e a n hi s e s From l mb r d r t , To co n v e rs e ther e with th e chi eft a in s ’ m n h A o g whom e d b een a gu e s t . Then h e s p ok e of C a rolin a a r th e s n h e s u n Tow d ri i g of t , Fu ll of hop e a n d a w e a n d s plen dor h i s n Wh e re e a rly life b egu .

An d h e s pok e of Occon eech ee I n th a n s a n d ea s e l d of hill s tr m , I n th a n w e r e s s e l d of ood d fo t , L a n d of lo v e a n d fo n de s t drea ms ; L a n d wher e myth s a n d mirth comm in gl e Wher e a s pi r in g p ea k s p oin t high To th e dia l s of th e morn in g “ I h w e a n h n t e s e t L d of t e sky .

e h e a s a e a S p ok l o of chi ft in , Kn ow n to h e r a s Whip p oorwill n th e s Who once dw elt withi e for t , e a a ea s a N r pl nt little rill , I n th a e th e un a n s e d rk f n s of mo t i , B a ck whe re o a k a n d birchen grove ’ C a s t th eir s h a do w s o er th e va lley ’ es O e r th e cliffs a n d d eep t cov e . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 9 9

Wh er e gl a d s o n g of th e n ighti n ga l e I th e s e e e s e e ea s w t t v r h rd ,

An d f a r e e e . i n e xc d s m lody ,

h n - Th e trill of t e m ocki g bird . From th e m a tu tin a l da w n in g Till th e fa llin g s ha de s of n ight Th e s o n gs t e r s in gs 1 n m ellow to n e s u ’ To th e a ditor s d elight .

Lon g i n s il ence s a t th e chi eft a in n h s en e u e n en Lo g e li t d q it i t t , th e s th e s a n e To tory of tr g r , Ca tchin g a l l h e s a id a n d me a nt th e a e th e un a n s Of m id n of m o t i ,

th e e . a n d s n Of e tr s o gs of bird , An th e s n e e d tory li g r d with him , r E ve ry syll a bl e a n d w o d .

Th en th e chi efta in m a de in qu iry th e s r a n e u e a n Of t g r tr d bold , n ow a e em Who c m to ta rry with th , w a a n Who s growing gr y a d old , Of th e h ea lth a n d h a bita tion Of th e E a s ter n trib a l b a n d Who s till dw elt a mi d th e Sm o kie s I n hi s own s w e et n a tive l a n d ; [I O OC C ON E E C HE E

e e hi ea f e s th e Wh r s h rt lt ﬁr t wooing, e e hi u r a n Wh r s hop e of yo th high, ’ Mid th e hill s of C a rolin a “ h ee a n h k In t e s w t L d of t e s y .

I n th e l a nd of ﬂow e r s . a n d s u n s hine

a s e - ﬂowi n ea s L nd of ilv r g s tr m , L a n d of promi s e fu ll of ble s sin gs e e s s a n d ea s And of l g nd , myth dr m ;

L a nd of pr etty m a id s a n d m a tron s e e e en e u ea s a r u e Hom wh r g ro s h rt e tr , Wh er e th e su ns hin e cha s es s ha dow s

Down th e v a u lt s of v a porou s blu e . Wh ere th e wild ﬂight of th e ea gl e e th e ee e s e e So a rs b yond k n t y , I n r ec es s es of th e hea ven s

In th e blu e eth er ea l sky .

Riftin g rock s a n d rollin g riv er s a th a n d a e Doth dorn e hill v l , Liltin g m elodi e s ﬂo a t o u tw a rd On th e vortex of th e ga l e ; th e a n n ee ee Thi s l d of Occo ch , a a u n a l u sk a s a w L nd th t J , e a e a n d a en Hom of w rrior , chi f m id u L a nd of da u ntl e s s br a ve a n d s q a w .

1 1 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

Th e e a e th e u s a hill s wh re ro m d d ky m id , th e e And hom of Whippoorwill , Wh er e Occo n eechee drea m ed a t n ight th e n r e By g us hi g s t a m a n d rill . By s tr a n ge en ch an t ed mys tic l a ke e e th e s ea s s a r e s e en Wh r e wild t b t , F a r b a ck i n th e d eep r e ce s s ’ u n a n Of th e mo t in s v erdu r e gree .

’ L et a u n s i ts a e ut mn s wi d blow wift g l , Th e s ea s n su e ﬂee o of mm r , B ut l s n e ee I wi l oo my lov r m t , ‘ th e a n th a a n ee In l d of e br v e d fr , ’ ea e a e u a th e es I ll l v T hl q h in W t , a r a With thi s w r ior t my sid e . ’ We ll tr a vel a s th e ﬂeete s t win d s

Unles s ill fa t e s b etide .

’ hi h e s a a r e W le t morrow s t r s glowing, I n th e di a s th l of e morn , a u th e u e I will s t rt pon j o rn y , h n w a To t e l a d where I s born . So h e ga th ered u p hi s cha ttel s n s o hi s ee Springi g pryly n s t d , a e u h a M d inq iry of t e w rrior , ‘ ” Which of u s sha ll t a ke th e l ea d ? OC C ON E E C HE E 1 1 3

Th en th e w a r r io r to th e chiefta in “ ’ u r e e ea th e w a Q ick pli d , I ll l d y F a r a s s th e a n d a l e cro hill v l y , n e n d b Mou t d o n thi s s pl e id a y . en e s a r en a n d n e r Th th y id to f i d ig hbo ,

- e e a n d a n s u a Old tim chi f child d q w , ‘ th e a n n w e ea e v ou At d w i g, will l v L ea ve th e tow n of T ah lequ a h ;

L ea v e th e t r ib e a n d r es e rva tio n F o r a u n e th e E a s jo r y to t , e th e e s en e e h e Wh re trib m dw ll tog t r , ee s e r en e n a n ea s M t ly, dri k d f t , I n a l a n d wh e r e p ea c e a n d pl ea su r e V i e a e i n th a e e ch oth r e p c , Whe r e th e ho p e s of lif e a r e b r ighte s t ” h e To t e fa llen hum a n ra c .

J u s t th en c a m e a gl ea m like lightn i n g n r i t s e r a v Shooti g fo th s ilv r , Which p rece de s th e gold en s pl en dor

Of th e fa s t a p p ro a chi n g d a y . Thi s th e a dv en t a n d th e toke n For th e bra ve to l e a d th e w a y Ou t a cro s s th e pl a in a n d va lley a h e n a Tow rd t comi g kin g of d y . 1 1 4 OC C ON E E C HE E

e e s e e th e s ea a n en Th n th y iz d p r d trid t , a n d a a a n n e Bo w to m h wk d k if , e e th e s en e s n And th y l ft c of co ﬂict , With i ts tu rmoil a n d i ts strife ; An d e u n e e e e e a s a th y j o r y d v r tw rd ,

a a n a n a - a n m D ys d m y w ni g oon , s s e a e a n d a e Cro ing riv r, l k pr iri , e a a n a Spr ding ﬁ eld d bro d l a goon .

a w th a s a n s s u S e W b a h d Mi o ri , u e a n n d en n es s ee C mb rl d a T , S a w th e Hol s ton in i ts b ea uty e And th e town of Chilhow e . e o n th N o l a ch uck Look d do wn e y , ’ S a w Wa ta u ga s crys t a l ﬂow ’ Gl ea m from o ut th e m oon s reﬂection ’ h n From t e ca yo n s d epth s b elow .

e u n e e a e h e a e N pt , who p rv d s t w t r ’ N e er b eheld a holi er sight a a e e a Th n thi s h ppy , hop fu l chi ft in n n Did tha t cri s p a u tum a l ight . Whi l e h e looked u pon th e w a te r a n d u e a n d s a n e Bright p r cry t lli , F a ires t l a n d a n d pu res t w a t er Mort a l ey e h a d eve r s e en ;

1 1 6 OC C ON E E C HE E

th di m a a e s a n e In e , d rk , h z l di t c , F a r o u t o n th e m o u n t a in s id e n ee ee u e a n d e Occo ch , p r lov ly , Who m h e lo n ge d to m a ke hi s b r id e ; M a k e hi s brid e a n d dw ell th e re with ’ Mid a s piri n g p ea k a n d dom e ; n e a h er s i t e s e hi m Lo g d to h ve b id , hi e a e u m n In s p c f l o u t a i n ho m e .

Wa n d e r ed thro u gh th e Cr ag gy m o u n ta in s e n o u a n h a Wh r e h m foot d trod , e e h a et e e And no y d y b h ld it , ’ S a ve th e eye of N a tu re s God . For th e s p r ea din g t r e e a n d for e s t e o u th e n s Gr w from t virgi oil , An d w a s fr ee from a l l intru s io n s ’ h w n Of t e hite m a n s s kill a d toil .

e s e e w a u r e a r e No w th ir p d s m ch t d d , a n a e n o w u n e Tr il s o c e pl in w re k pt , And th e chief a n d br a ve l a m en ting L a id th em s elve s down th er e a n d w ept ; e e s e Un i u ski W pt for chi f lik g , e u a a n Uts a l a S q oy d , I n th e l a n d of T u cka l eechee ” n - di An d for fri e d s like Wil Us .

! m C o l o n el Th o a s .

Ha e s t i a t u o e e . . rv n g C l l w h , N C t W h e re t h e t o w n h o us e us e d t o s a n d .

a M o u t a i n s o e a As e v l l e . . C r g g y n , f r m n r h i , N C

1 1 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

A e a e th s en e s th y g z d u pon e c ry , e a n d a n d u a we W ird wild f ll of , Th ey w e re ﬁll ed with co n s tern a tion h At t e s ight both of th em s a w . P a s s ing high u p n ea r th e zenith Like a n ea gl e in i ts ﬂight Ca m e th e s o und of wings a n d voices u On tha t moonlit a u t mn night .

Voic es like th e rollin g thu n de r a es u n n f a r a n d n ea C me r o di g r , An d th e m et eoric ﬂa sh es Fill ed th em fu ll of a w e a n d fea r ; Till they tre mbled like th e a sp en ’ Mid th e t emp es t ﬁerce a n d wild a s s es e e s es Till it p , th n r po ,

C a lmly a s a littl e child .

a th e a e th e e a S id br ve th n to chi ft in , en e a Thi s my tok to d p rt , u s u a e I m t q ickly m ke my xit , Tho u gh it grieve s my s o u l a n d h ea rt u s ea e o th e es Th to l v y u in for t , Ou t u th e u a s e pon mo nt in id , u e en s e e Witho t hop or fri d or h lt r , With no o n e to b e you r gu ide ; OC C ON E E C HE E 1 1 9

es th e n n a h ea e Th e Nu i in h v n , e ea m e f a r a a Com to l d w y, e n d a a n a e Ov r hill a d l e d v ll y, a h Tow rd t e fin a l clo s e of d a y . Y o s s m e th n u will mi in e mor ing, s s m e a t th a n Mi e noon d night , ’ When I m mo unt ed on my pinion s a s And m lo s t to hum a n ight . “ ’ Y et a mo m en t I m a llott ed To tra n smit to y ou my will ; High her e on th e Smoky Mou nt a in s ea th e a s u en N r bright tr n l c t rill , Let m e t ell you whil e life linger s th e a e ea s In rchiv s of my br t , ’ Wher e yo u ll find s w e et Occo n eechee When my s o u l h a s flown to r es t :

Sh e s till linger s in th e for es t ea th s ee e a e a e N r e w t nch nt d l k , ea th e s a n s h n e s N r pirit l d e li g r , n e e U d rn a th th e ta ngle d bra ke . Sh e s a l ou r s a n d e e s hold l myth l g nd , a e a n e a o T l s s told lo g y a r s g . No w I bid y ou le a v e m e lo n ely ea wo e To my fa t e of w l or . OC C ON E E C HE E

ea e m e u th e s a m e L v q ick , pirit s c ll , e hi s Ling r not wit n my ight , Hi e thee qu ickly thro u gh th e sh a dow s r Of thi s c i s p a u tu m n a l ni ght . e ou r en s ee n ee ee T ll fri d , w t Occo ch , ’ Th a t I v e go n e to j oin th e b a n d Of th e bra v e s who h a v e dep a rt ed ” n For th e h a pp y hu n ting la d .

en s a a s s e e een e Th a h dow p d b tw th m , e a u u n th e sk Lik clo d po y , An d th e chi ef w a s s e p a r a t e d e u n th u n a n Th re po e mo t i high , h i u e n en e e From s g id a d fri d for v r ,

So hi s ey e cou ld n ev e r s ee . en h e r a e e n n e e u n e Wh c e t v l d , o r t r th r To expl a in th e my st e y .

u s e e e a n d n e Th b r ft of fri nd ighbor , r e a n a Whip p oo will b g to w il , For s om e my s tic ha n d to gu id e him a n th e en a B ck i to trodd tr il , Wh er e s om e chief h a d go n e b efore him I n th e ea a n h d n y r s th t lo g a ﬂow , Ou u n th e s a e s t p o my tic g , n N o w forgott en a n d u n kn o w .

[2 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

e th e a n e a Th n e chi ft in bou d d forw rd , e a u t a Lik hound pon h e tr il , Thru th e for es t l a nd primeva l Ove r mou nd a n d hill a n d d a l e ; Ove r ridge a n d rock a n d riv er u th e ea a n u s n d a s s Thr h th d br h a gr , u h e a th e kten a Thr t l nd of U , a l a s Thru it l h e h a d to p s .

h e ea e th e s e n Till r ch d my tic r gio , F a r a th e a e e b ck in d rk s t gl n , N ea r th e l a ke of th e en cha n t ed a n Only kno wn to br ves t m e . e e th e b ea a n d a n d a n e H r r owl p th r , n a u e e Fi d c re for v ry ill , ’ n e s s e e e s a ea Fi d lif w t t p a n c , ea h e s a s a N r t p rkling cry t l rill ,

High u pon th e Smoky Mo unta in s e s n a a u R o nt with N t re wild , For th e w a n d er e r from th e di s ta nce An d th e a n I n di ' chi l t w y a n d . s th e es a n e a Thi for t l d prim v l , u a we a n d ea a n d ea s F ll of dr d dr m , Fu ll of ghou l s a n d gho s t s a n d goblin s u s a s F ll of rippling cry t l s tream . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 2 3

th e s ea h a e From tr m down in t e r vin , C a m e a n oth e r gentl e ca ll th th Like e chirping of e robin , n I n th e h em lock s s tra ight a d ta ll . n e a a th e a e ea e O c g in c ll r p t d , Then a s u dd en littl e trill a o t th e ee es Flo t ed u u pon br z ,

From b e s ide th e crys t a l rill .

' Th en th e chieft a in whi s tl ed keenly a a u th e Like h wk pon wing, When it s o a r s a bov e th e mo unta in h i n On t e b a lm y a r of s pri g . e n e Th n a oth r chirping, chirping, C a m e fr om d eep down in th e va le An d it ﬂo a t ed u p th e m o unt a in h e Like a l ea f u pon t e ga l .

th e e a n m e a u Now chi ft i , ov d by c tion , Wa tch ed a n d mov e d with grea t es t ca r e n a n d u th e e e e u e s Dow thr d p s t g lch , n e e s e e e Looki g h r , ob rving th r , th e ea s u a n For bird or b t or h m , a u s en ou t s u a a Th t co ld d ch c ll , From th e l a u r el n ea r th e fo un t a in n d en a a A a s pl did w terf ll . 1 2 4 OC C ON E E C HE E

u en hi s ea ea a s e S dd ly h rt b t f t r , At th e s ight which c a m e to V ie w Throu gh th e op en i n g i n th e l a u rel A a l s it p rt s to et him thru . Sh e w a s b a thin g fee t a n d a n kle s A r m s a n d h a n d s s h e di d re fre s h I n th e r e s en s en i id c t pl dor , h n Of t e fou ta in cool a n d fr e s h .

en h u n s u ee h e r Th e bo d forth q ick to gr t , ’ E er s h e s e e s h er s e him by id , Sh e th e a e u e a n d m id n tr holy , r Who w a s s oo n to b e hi s b id e . ‘ ” s e e ou n e e ee ! O , I y , Occo ch ” An d e o u TVhi o o r wi l l ! I s e y , p p We re th e gre etin gs th a t they whi s p ered e As th ey m et th re n ea r th e rill .

They w e r e m a rri e d in th e morn i n g He th e groom a n d sh e th e b r id e And th ey lived i n bli s s togeth e r M a n y y ea r s b e for e th ey di ed ; e s s e e e No w th ir p irit dw ll tog th r , e r h e s sh e N a t e hidd n my tic or , Of th e l a ke b a ck i n th e s ha dow s ’ e r Since their w a n d rings a r e o e .

PART III

MYTHS O F THE C HER O KEE

S e q u o y a . In v e n t o r o f t h e C h e r o k e e e t Al p h a b .

Jo h n Ax ( It a g u - n u h i )

T h e g r e a t s t o ry t e l l e r .

E v e rg l a d e s o f F l o r i d a .

Ho m e o f t h e S e m i n o l e s . MYTHS OF THE C HE R OKE E

n w o t ho w th e b e I k o n truth may ,

’ ‘ ” e h s m I t ll t e tal e as tvva told e .

Th e myths rel a ted h ere a r e from th e great story t ell ers “ ” e A un i n i o r e th e e e lik y , Swimm r , who was gr at st of

“ e h e n e a n d e n [ th e e all , but whil ra k d ﬁrst liv d duri g tim ’ e en e n een n 1 8 a n d that tri d m s h arts , havi g b bor about 3 5 , e i n 1 8 hi s s r es ca n n b e e e ua e di d March , 99, to i o ly p rp t t d n e i n n a n d w e a r e n e e to by putti g th m pri t , i d bt d him n o f e e e u e u b e er for ma y th s b autif l stori s , which sho ld p p etua ted at l east so lon g a s o n e of th e C h e rok ee t r ib e shall live . N e i n r a n-k o f o an e e Ita un a hi e e xt imp rt c com s g , b tt r

n n a n th e E n - e n e e n Ax e k ow mo g glish sp aki g p opl as Joh , n i n th e e 1 80 0 s aw the e e who was bor y ar , battl of Hors e en n e e th e e o f th e C e ee e sho B d , wit ss d r moval h rok trib i n 1 H n nd f th 8 8 . e e a o e 3 k w its history almost all myths , e en a n d s e n e n e th e l g ds tori s , tra smitt d ma y of th m to e m an f o r re a n d e h e n e e o e E n whit cord , whil v r sp k glish , h e wa s a very v e rsatil e a n d i n t eresti n g m a n of th e old e o f n n a n d n th e h e e typ I dia s , stro g to last days ; liv d n e 1 0 0 e en e th e n n to ar y ars , th pass d to Happy Hu ti g n G rou ds . n ff th e n e e n . e e To Joh D Wo ord , of W st r R s rvatio or e w e a r e n e e u n n trib , i d bt d for m ch i formatio , which would hav e b een lost except for his wo n d erful n e e k owl dg . th e - e e e e e e n All story t ll rs pr fac d th ir r marks by sayi g , This is what the o l d folks us ed to t ell u s wh en w e w er e ’ b oys f 1 3 9 OC C ON E E C HE E

C e ee m a v b e a s e h rok myths e classiﬁ d sacr d myths ,

n e o e en a n d n . a imal stori s , l cal l g ds , historical traditio s Th e e e e n o t e e o n e n e sacr d myths w r for v ry , but o ly thos s might h ear who ob e rved th e prop er form a n d c e remo n y . In th e old tim e s th e myth - k eepe rs a n d pri ests w e re a e ee e e n i n th e a s i ccustom d to m t tog th r at ight , or low ee n e e e th e n a n d di s built log sl p i g hous . to r cit traditio s n w h e e cu s s th eir se cr et k owl edge . At tim e s thos e o d sir d i n stru ctio n from a n ad ept i n th e sacre d lore of th e trib e ee th e e n en i n th e e e would m t pri st by appoi tm t asi , wh r h e s a t n n n y th e t y up all ight talki g , with o l light of a ﬁr n n i n h h small e bur i g t e middl e of t e ﬂoor . At day e th e w e en n th e n n n e br ak hol party w t dow to ru i g str am . wh e re th e pupils or h eare rs of th e m y ths stripp e d them s elv e s a n d w e re scratch e d upo n th e n ak ed ski n with a o n e i n th e n the e e b tooth comb ha ds of pri st . aft r which

ey e o u t n th e n s u n a n d e e en th wad d . faci g risi g . dipp d s v e n e th e e e th e e e e e s tim s u d r wat r , whil pri st r cit d pra y r Th u r i ﬁ a to r a e n the a n . e c e w s e d upo b k p y rit , which obs rv e n e n 15 r th e mor tha a c tury ago by Adair , also a pa t of

e e n th e th e een - n n e a n d c r mo ial of ball play , gr cor da c . .

i n ev e r v n e n e . e e b e fact , importa t ritual p rforma c B for g i n n i n g o n e of th e stori e s of th e sacre d class th e i n forma n t w ould som etim e s sugge st joki n gly that th e “ e n n e a d e . author ﬁrst submit to b i g scratch d . Go to wat r

OC C ON E E C HE E

th e e e e e a n d e e e struck arth th r was a vall y , wh r th y n n h i e e e n n . en t e a n tur d up agai , th r was a mou tai Wh

“ e s a w e e e th e e ea mals abov this , th y w r afraid whol rth b e n n e e b ut th e would mou tai s , so th y call d him back , C ee n e n un n h erok cou try r ma i s full of mo ta i s to thi s day. en th e e a n d the n e n Wh arth was dry a imals cam dow , e th e sun a n d s et i n it was still dark , so th y got it a track e e th e n e e s to go v ry day across isla d from ast to w st , ju t i k l e e e . a n d Ts s a i i th ov rh ad It was too hot this way , g , R ed C r a w ﬁsh e e r ed s o , had his sh ll scorch d , that his e n a The m at w a s spoil ed ; a n d th e C h erok ee do o t e t it . co n jure rs put th e s un a n oth er ha n d - breadth highe r i n th e air , but it was still too hot . e e n e e a n d n e n Th y rais d it a oth r tim , a oth r , u til it was

- e en n e a n d un e th e s k . s v ha d br adths high , just d r y arch n n i th e a d e e . s e Th it was right , th y l ft it so This why co n jure rs call th e high est place Gul kw a g i n e Dig a l un ” “ l a ti un th e e en e e a se i s se en a n y , s v h ight , b c u it v h d e h e e E th e un e n br adths abov e t arth . v ery day s go s alo g n e a n d e n n o n th e e e u d r this arch , r tur s at ight upp r sid th e n e to starti g plac . e e n e n e a n d e u Th r is a oth r world u d r this , it is lik o rs i n e e n — n a n a n d e e— e the v rythi g a imals , pl ts , p opl sav that r f Th e e s easo n s a e di fe ren t . e str ams that com dow n from th e mou n tai n s a r e th e trails by which th e p eopl e reach th e n e a n d the n e e a r e th e u d rworld , spri gs at th ir h ads e en e o n e doorways by which th y t r it , but to do this must fas t a n d go to wat e r a n d hav e o n e of th e u n de rgrou n d W n th e e i p eopl e for a guide . e k ow that s aso n s n th e n e n a r e ff e en e u e th e e u d rgrou d di r t from ours , b ca s wat r i n th e spri n gs is warm er i n th e wi n t e r a n d cool er i n th e summer th a n the outer air . Wh en the a n imals a n d th e pl a n ts w ere ﬁrst made — w e d o n o t k n ow by whom th ey we re told to wa tch a n d OC C ON E E C HE E 3 3

ee a e f o r e en n s u ' a n m en n o w k p wak s v ight , j st s you g fast a n d k e ep awak e wh en th ey pray to their m edici n e . e e a n d n e e e e u Th y tri d to do this , arly all w r awak thro gh the n b ut th e n e n e e e o ff ﬁrst ight , xt ight s v ral dropp d to ee a n d th e n e e e ee a n d en sl p , third ight oth rs w r asl p , th e un o n the e en n o f a l l th e n a s n oth rs , til , s v th ight, a im l , o ly th e the n e a n d o n e e e e owl , pa th r or two mor w r still awak e . To th es e w ere given th e pow e r to s ee a n d to go about i n the a n d a e e th e a n d n s dark , to m k pr y of birds a imal e n f th e ee n th e e e . O which must sl p at ight tr s , o ly c dar , the n e the u e the a n d the u e e e a a e pi , spr c , holly la r l w r w k the en d a n d e w a s en to b e een to , to th m it giv always gr an d b e e e f or e n e th e e to gr at st m dici , but to oth rs it was “ said : B ecause you hav e n o t en dured to the en d yo u shall n e lose your hair every wi t r . M n e e he n a n d n e e e cam aft r t a imals pla ts . At ﬁrst th r were o n ly a broth er a n d sist er u n til h e stru ck her with a

‘ ﬁ h n d t h er a n d so In en s a w a s . old to multiply , it sev w a s n her a n d e ea e e e e en days a child bor to , th r ft r v ry s v n e a n d e n ea e e a un e days a oth r , th y i cr s d v ry f st til th er a e n w s dan ger that the world could n o t k e p th em . The it was made tha t a woma n should ha v e on ly on e child i n

e a n d h a s een s o e e n e . a y ar , it b v r si c

MYTH TWO .

T Fi r s Fi r e h e t .

In the e n n n e e n o ﬁr e a n d the b gi i g th r was , world was n ' the n e An i - H un tikw a l a ski cold , u til Thu d rs ( y ) who e u i n Ga l un l ati s en e n n an d ﬁr e liv d p , t th ir light i g put n th e bo o o f a o a e ee e i to tt m h llow syc mor tr , which gr w 1 3 4 OC C ON E E C HE E

o n a n s a n . The a n a n e w a s e e e au e i l d im ls k w it th r , b c s e s ee the e n o ut the to b ut e th y could smok comi g at p , th y n o t et o n a un th e e s o e e could g to it cco t of wat r , th y h ld

n s o n a o . a cou cil to decide what to do . This w a a l g tim e g E v ery a n imal th a t could fly or swim wa s an xiou s to h fir Th ff e e n d e u h e e t e e . e en a e go aft r Rav o r d , b ca s w a s so large a n d stro n g th ey thought h e could surely He flew n d do th e s o h e w a s en . a work , s t first high far th e e a n d e o n th e e ee across wat r alight d sycamor tr , but e h e n e n n e th e e whil was wo d ri g what to do xt , h at had e e e a n d h e en e scorch d all his f ath rs black , was fright d a n d e th e fir e cam back without .

- Th e littl e Screech owl ( Wa h uhu ) volu n t eered to go . a n d e e th e e e e he n r ach d plac saf ly , but whil was looki g dow n i n the hollow tree a blast of hot air ca m e up a n d n n hi e e He n e e early bur ed out s y s . ma ag d to fly hom e h e w a s n e e e h e u as b st could , but it a lo g tim b for co ld s e n d hi s r r e e e a e e a e d . w ll , y s to this day Th en th e Hooti n g Owl ( Ug uku ) a n d the Horn ed Owl Tskil i en the e e th e ( ) w t , but by tim th y got to hollow tree th e fir e was burn i n g s o fi erc ely that the smoke n early n e e a n d the e e the n e bli d d th m , ash s carri d up by wi d mad e e e o e white ri n gs about th ir ey s . Th y had to com e h m n th e fir e e u n th e agai without , but with all of th ir r bbi g v t w e re n eve r abl e to g et rid o f he white ri n gs . N o w n o e th e en u e a n d s o the , mor of birds would v t r . e Uk s uhi n e the a e a h e u littl s ak , Bl ck Rac r , s id wo ld h e a n n fir He go through t e wat r d bri g ba ck some e . swam across to the islan d a n d crawl ed through the gra ss e n d en n h th e e a i e t e . to tr , w t by a small hol at bottom Th e e a n d e e e f o r to o a n d h at smok w r too much him , , aft er dodgi n g about bli n dly ov er the h o t ash es u n til he ’ was almost o n fir e him self h e ma n age d by good l uck to et n the e e b ut e g out agai at sam hol , his body had scorch d

1 3 6 OC C ON E E C HE E

MYTH THRE E .

Or ig i n of th e Pl ei a d es a n d th e Pi n e .

o n en th e o Wa s n ew e e e e e en L g ago , wh w rld , th r w r s v boys who us ed to sp en d all th ei r tim e dow n by th e tow n e n th e a ta usti e n n e ee hous , playi g g y gam , rolli g a sto wh l alo n g th e grou n d a n d slidi n g a curv ed stick aft er it to

e . e e e n o strik it Th ir moth rs scold d but it did good , s o o n e da y th ey collect e d som e g a ta yu sti sto n es a n d boil ed th em i n th e pot with th e corn for di n n er . Wh en the boys cam e hom e hu n gry th ei r moth e rs dipp ed “ th e on e a n d n e e th e a ta us ti out st s said , Si c you lik g y e e n th e n e a e th e n es n ow f o r u b tt r tha cor ﬁ ld, t k sto yo r

di n n er . Th e e e e n a n d wen n to th e boys w r v ry a gry , t dow “ n - e n e e u s tow hous , sayi g , As our moth rs tr at this way e e l et u s go wh e re w e shall n ev e r troubl e th m a n y mor . — Th ey b egan a dan c e som e sa y it was the f eath er da n c e

— a n d en n a n d n th e n - e n w t rou d rou d tow hous , prayi g to h e e e e e e t e spirits to h lp th m . At last th ir moth rs w r afraid som ethi n g w a s wro n g a n d w en t o u t to look for

th em . e th e S n n n th e n - e Th y saw boys till da ci g arou d tow hous , a n d a s th ey watch ed th ey n oticed that th eir f eet w e re o ff th e e a n d e e n e e e arth , that with v ry rou d th y ros high r i a n d high er n th e ai r . e r a n et e en e Th y to g th ir childr , but it was too lat , for th ey w er e already abov e th e roof of the tow n - hous e — o n e e e n e n all but , whos moth r ma ag d to pull him dow th e a ta u sti e h e th e n with g y pol , but struck grou d with such force that h e san k i n to it a n d th e earth clos ed ov er Th e e s i x en e e a n d e him . oth r childr circl d high r high r

n e en th e sk e e w e s ee e n o w u til th y w t up to y, wh r th m OC C ON E E C HE E 1 3 7

the e es th e C e ee s s An itsutsa as pl iad , which h rok till call h ( t e Boys ) . The e e e e n e e th e e p opl gri v d lo g aft r th m , but moth r whos e boy had go n e i n to th e grou n d cam e ev ery morn in g a n d e en n e th e s n th e e w a s v i g to cry ov r pot , u til arth e damp with h r t ear s . At last a little green shoot sprouted up a n d grew day by day u n til it b ecam e th e tall tree that w e n o w call th e n e a n d th e n e th e e n e th e s pi , pi is still of sam atur as star

a n d holds i n its elf the sam e bright light.

MYTH FOUR .

Th Mi l k Wa e y y .

e e e i n the n i n Som p opl South had a cor mill , which e n e th e n n e a n d e e n n th y pou d d cor i to m al , s v ral mor i gs wh en th ey cam e to ﬁll it th ey n otice d that som e o f th e e en e n m al had b e stol n duri g th e n ight . e ex n e th e n a n d n the t o f Th y ami d grou d , fou d racks th e n e n e e a n d en th e a dog ; so xt ight th y watch d , wh e th e N a n d e n ea t the e dog cam from orth , b ga to m al out

h e 1 H n t e n a n d e . e r a of bowl , th y spra g out whipp d him o ff n e i n th e N th e e howli g to his hom orth , with m al n u h e r a n a n d e n e n droppi g from his mo th as , l avi g b hi d e e e n o w w e s ee th e a whit trail wh r Milky Way , which “ the C e e e - utsun stan un i e e h rok calls to this day Gili y , Wh r h ” t e dog r a n . 1 3 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

E MYTH FIV .

Th e D el u e g .

n e m a n e n A lo g tim ago a had a dog , which b ga to go dow n to the riv er every day a n d look at th e w a t e r a n d h m e n th e howl . At last t e a n was v ry a n gry a d scolded en e a n d : e n e e dog , which th spok to him said V ry soo th r is goi n g to b e a great fr esh et a n d th e wat e r will come s o high that ev e rybody will b e drow n e d ; but if you will e a et n en the n e ou c a n mak raft to g up o wh rai com s , y ” b e e m e n th e e . sav d , but you must ﬁrst throw i to wat r “ Th e m a n n o t e e e a n d th e did b li v it , dog said , If you n n e th e th e wa t a sig that I sp ak truth , look at back of ” ’ n e He e a n d th n e my ck . look d saw that e dog s ck had n ff h n u the ski work e d o so that t e bo es stuck o t .

en h e e e e th e a n d b e n to . Th b li v d dog , ga build a raft n th e n e a n d h e en Soo rai cam took his family , with pl ty

n a n d e n . n e of provisio s , th y all got upo it It rai d for a n e a n d th e e e n the n n e e lo g tim , wat r ros u til mou tai s w r cove r e d a n d all th e p eopl e i n th e world w ere drow n e d . en th e n e a n d th e e en n n Th rai stop p d wat r w t dow agai , ff u n til at last it was saf e to com e o th e raft . N o w e e n o o n e e b ut the m a n a n d , th r was aliv his o n e e e n n n a n d family , but day th y h ard a sou d of da ci g The m n shouti n g o n th e oth e r sid e of the ridge . a climbe d to th e top a n d look e d ove r ; eve rythi n g was still but all alo n g th e vall ey he s a w great pil es o f bo n es of th e e e een n e a n d en h e n e p opl who had b drow d , th k w that en n n th e Ghosts had b e da ci g .

T u c k s e i e a g e e R i v r . T here the T u c k a s e i g e e R iver ” D a k shes down its roc y b e d . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 3 9

MYTH SIX .

a R H ow th e Ter r pi n B ea t th e a bbi t.

Th e Rabbit was a great ru n n er a n d a great boa ster n n o f what sh e could do . N 0 o e thought that a Terrapi n n e e h e e was a ythi g but a slow trav l r , but was a gr at a n d e a n d th e e e warrior v ry boastful , two w r always n e ee to de disputi g about th eir sp ee d . At last th y agr d e th e a a a cid m tter by r ce . e e th e a n d the a n a e a n d a r Th y fix d day st rti g pl c , a n e r un u n a n e a n d th e o n e r g d to across fo r mou t i ridg s , who came i n first at the en d of th e race w a s to b e th e n n wi er . The Rabbit felt so sure of it that h e said to th e Ter “ ’ Y n Y ou n n a n o u ou n r un . ou c a r pi , k ow y ca t k ow y ’ n e e w i n the e e o u th e e a n d v r rac , so I ll giv y first ridg ’ en u ee e I u th yo ll have thr to cross whil g o over fo r . The e n b e n T rrapi said that would all right , but that ight wh en he w en t home to hi s family h e s en t f o r hi s T e rra i n en a n d e h n e e He a p fri ds told th m e wa t d their h lp . s id h e n e h e n o t u un th e h e n e k w could o tr Rabbit , but wa t d ’ H n n to stop the Rabbit s boastin g . e explai ed hi s pla hi f r i n n e e n h e to s e d s a d th ey agre d to h lp him . Whe t th n e e e th Th e day cam e all e a imals w re th r to s ee e race . e e e the e n n e Rabbit was th r with th m , but T rrapi was go e o th e e e ha d n e a n d ah ad t ward first ridg , as th y arra g d , n n h th ey could hardly s ee him o accou t of t e ta ll gras s . Th e word was giv en a n d th e Rabbit o ff with lon g th e un n e e n w i n th e a e e e jumps up mo tai , xp cti g to r c b for n n B b e the Te rrapin could g et dow o the oth e r side . ut fore h e got up th e mou n tai n h e sa w th e T errapi n g o

e th e e e . He r a n o n a n d en he ov r ridg ah ad of him , wh e e the he e al l n b ut u n ot see r ach d top look d arou d , co ld n n f h e n He e o n th e T errapi n o accou t o t lo g grass . k pt 1 40 OC C ON E E C E E . H

n th e n n an d e n to th e n e dow mou tai b ga climb e s co d ridg , but when h e look e d up agai n there w a s the T errapi n j ust goi n g ov e r the top . N o w h e w a s e e a n d e hi s n v ry much surpris d , mad lo g es t u en h e the e e j mps to catch up , but wh got to top th r w a s the T e rra pin away i n fro n t goi n g ov e r th e third e Th e e n e n o w a n d n ea ridg . Rabbit was g tti g tir d rly o ut e b ut h e e o n n th e un n a n d of br ath , k pt dow mo tai up th e oth e r ridge u n til he g o t to th e t0 p j ust i n tim e to s ee the T erra pi n cross th e fourth ridge a n d thus wi n the e Th e n ot e n e u b ut e rac . Rabbit could mak a oth r j mp , f ll “ ” e o n th e n n a s th e ov r grou d , cryi g, mi , mi , mi , mi , Rabbit do es ev er si n ce wh en h e i s too tired to r un a ny more . Th e en th e e n a n d a l l the n a race was giv to T rrapi , a im ls n e e ‘ h e w i n a n th e he wo d r d how could gai st Rabbit , but

e a n d n e e . w a s e en o e e k pt still v r told It asy ough , h w v r , ’ e e th e e n en e a n d b caus all T rrapi s fri ds look just alik , h e had simply poste d o n e n ear the top of ea ch ridge to wait u n til th e Rabbit cam e i n sight a n d th en climb ov e r a n d hid e i n th e lo n g grass . Wh en th e Rabbit cam e o n h e could n o t ﬁn d th e T erra i n a n d so th e e a n wa s a ea a n d h e p thought T rr pi h d, if had m et o n e of th e oth er T errapi n s he would ha v e

u th e e o n e e a se e s o e . tho ght it sam , b c u th y look much alik The ea e n e e o n th e e T rrapi had post d hims lf fourth ridg , “r l s o a s to com e i n at th e en d o f th e race a n d b e r ea dy to e n h n e e n n a n sw r qu estio s if t e a imals susp ct d a ythi g . B ecaus e th e Rabbit had to l i e dow n a n d los e th e rac e th e n u e n o w en e n hi s n m en th e co j r r , wh pr pari g you g for a o f n n s u a n d ball play , boils lot rabbit hamstri gs i to o p , s en ds some o n e to pour it across th e path a lo n g which the e e e to e i n th e n n so t a oth r play rs hav com mor i g, h t th ey may becom e tired i n th e s a m e way an d lose the

1 42 OC C ON E E C HE E

e o r o u a n d th e wa s s en foot loos I will kick y , still wolf il t , a n d th en the rabbit kick e d with his right hin d foot so a an d th e n n a n d hard th t it stuck , still wolf said othi g ; “ ' th e n n e Rabbit said , If you do t tur my foot loos , I will y o u e n n e e kick with my l ft hi d foot , which v r fails to ” n et th e en accomplish what I wa t it to do ; y wolf was sil t , a n d th e e h i s a n d th e Rabbit mad last kick foot stuck , a s th e e n e just oth rs had do . Th e e th e o l et him a n d et Rabbit pl ad with w lf to go , y n o e n e e a n d en he n h e r spo s cam , , at last , wh fou d was “ ’ ee h e : n n m e stuck fast with his f t , said If you do t tur ” e a n d i n loos I will butt you with all my might , his e s e n h e o e a n d e d p ratio , struck with all his f rc , his h ad stuck fast to th e wolf . I n th e morn i n g all th e a n imals cam e dow n to th e w ell to n a n d n th e th e dri k as usual , fou d Rabbit stuck fast to a n d e e n a n wolf of tar , th y b ga to discuss wh t dispositio e s o o n e e e e e to mak of him , sugg st d that th y cut his h ad o ff th e e e e e e , to which Rabbit r pli d , Pl as do cut my h ad ” o ff i s a n e e di e e , for it such asy d ath to , but this arous d “ th e n th e n s o th e N o suspicio of a imals , that fox said , . w e will n o t do this for h e d e s e rv e s a harsh er death tha n ” n h e e n e ee . e t e su this , wh r upo th y all agr d Th Wolf g e e e n l e th e g st d that th y bur him a iv , to which Rabbit \V l f e m n e e e . o e said , Pl as Mr , hav bur d . for that will ” b e s o e n o t e e th e en e a n d asy . but this did pl as audi c , n e e e e e th e a a oth r sugg st d that th y tak him to bri r patch . a n d throw him i n to th e thicke st part of th e sharp briars “ e e th e Oh to scratch him to pi c s , to which Rabbit said , , n o m b e n n the . e e t e Mr Fox , pl as do allow to throw i to a e a n d m e s o bri rs for th y stick scratch . much that I ” could n ev e r sta n d the pai n ; a n d th ey all with o ne accord “ ” e e i n a n d e e n xclaim d , Throw him , th y thr w him i to

the a n d th e e . a s a s h e l briars , Rabbit sp d away fast cou d , OC C ON E E C HE E 1 43

i s e e w a s ea e i s e sayi n g, This wh r I r r d , this my hom , ” a n d this is all that I cou ld d esire .

MYTH E IGHT .

Th R t P u A te a i e e a b bi t a n d h e os s m ﬁ r W f .

Th e a n d the ea n e e Rabbit Possum ch wa t d a wif , but e e th e n o o n e would marry eithe r o f th em . Th y talk d “ ’ e e a n d th e We n et e matt r ov r Rabbit said , ca t g wiv s ’ ’ - n h e en e h er e ; l et s go to the n ext s ettlem e t . I m t e m ss g r ’ th e n a n d e the e e n a n for cou cil , I ll t ll p opl that I bri g e e e a e e n e a n d en ord r that v rybody must t k a mat at o c , th

’ ‘ we ll b e sure to g et wiv es . Th e u ﬁne n so e e Poss m thought this a pla , th y start d ff e th n e n th e a e e o togeth r to e xt tow . As Rabbit tr v l d faster h e g ot th e re ﬁrst a n d waite d outside u n til the

- peopl e n otic e d him a n d took him i n to th e town hous e . Wh en th e chi e f cam e to ask him his busi n ess the Rabbit said h e bro ught a n importan t m essage from th e coun cil ' v r d m us e th e that e e yb o y t g et marri d without delay . So chi e f call e d th e peopl e togeth e r a n d told th em th e m es e th e n e e n e e n sag from cou cil , wh r upo v ry a imal took a

e n e a n d th e o t e . mat at o c , Rabbit g a wif Th e Possum trav eled so slowly that h e got th ere afte r the n e ea n l o all a imals had mat d , l vi g him stil with ut a wife . The e en e ee o a n d Rabbit pr t d d to f l s rry for him said , ’ N e e n the e e th e e e i n the v r mi d , I ll carry m ssag to p opl n e e e en a n d o u u o n a s o u ca n xt s ttl m t , y h rry as fast y , ” a n d h n this time you will g et yo ur wife . So e w e t o n the nex n an d the e e e to t tow , Possum follow d clos aft r 1 44 OC C ON E E C HE E

' B u n th n - ous h e . t e e o t e e him wh th Rabbit g to tow h , en th e o a s e e een ea e s o n s t out w rd that , th r had b p c lo g e e e e e n th e n th r that v rybody was g tti g lazy , cou cil had e e e e s b e w a r a t n e a n d e us ord r d that th r mu t o c , th y m t

h n - e a l l e n ﬁ ht b egi n right i n t e tow hous e . So th y b ga g i n th e e u ea e a n d o t g , but Rabbit mad fo r gr t l aps g away E e u o n th e just as the Po ssum cam e i n . v rybody j mped n o t n n hi s ea n Possum , who had thought of bri gi g w po s

o n e n a n d so u n ot e en e . a w ddi g trip , co ld d f d hims lf They had n early b eat en the life out of him wh en he f e ll ov e r a n d preten d e d to b e dead u n til h e s a w a good chan ce Th n e e u a n d et . e e to jump p g away Possum v r got a wif , h e e e e th e e s n a n d e e n e h e s u but r m mb rs l s o , v r si c h ts hi s eyes a n d preten ds to b e d ead wh en th e hun ter h a s

him i n a clos e pl a ce .

E MYTH N I N .

H o w th e Tur key Go t His B ea r d .

Wh en th e T e rrapi n w o n the race from th e Rabbit ( s ee Myth Six ) all th e an ima ls wo n d er ed a n d ta lke d about it e e e u e e e e a a gr at d al , b ca s th y had always thought th T rr i n e n e h e a n d p slow , although th y k w that was a warrior n n u n e e had ma y co j ri g s cr ts b esides . the e w a s n o t a e a n d th e e s But Turk y s tisﬁ d , told oth r “ e e b e e a u . h e n that th r must som trick bo t it Said , I k ow ’ — — ’ th e T errapi n ca n t r un h e c a n h a rdly cra wl a n d I m n goi g to try him . So o n e day the Turk ey m et the Te rra pi n comi ng hom e from w a r with a fres h scalp han gi n g from hi s n eck a n d a n o n the n a s he he u e dr ggi g grou d trav eled. T T rk y

1 46 OC C ON E E C HE E l e n . Th e e ee te n e sso s Grous agr d to ach him , but wa t d h i s e a n d th e e e e pay for troubl . Turk y promis d to giv him i h som e f eath e rs to mak e him a collar . This s how t e i e e Grous e got h s collar of turkey f eath e rs . Th y b ga n the e n a n d th e e e n e e n th e l sso s , Turk y l ar d v ry fast u til Grous e thought it w a s tim e for th e Turk ey to try hi s “ “ ’ e N o w th e n n ~ . ; e o voic said Grous , I ll sta d this hol a n d en e th e n n o n low log , wh I giv sig al by tappi g it , you ” h n must halloo a s loudly as you c a n . So e got upo th e e y o n e e en log r ad to tap it , as a Grous do s . but wh h e gav e th e S ign al th e Turk ey was s o eage r a n d excited he n o t e e b ut n y that could rais his voic for a shout , o l e a n d ev e n e e n he e en e e he gobbl d , r si c th gobbl s wh v r

n e h ears a ois .

E E N MYTH E L V .

i H B il l H ow th e K n g ﬁs h er Go t i s .

Som e old m en te ll u s that th e Ki n gﬁsh er w a s m e a n t i n the e n n n b e e h e n o t b gi i g to a wat r bird , but a s had b een giv en e ith e r w eb f eet or a good bill h e could n o t mak e a livi n g . Th e a n imals h e ld a cou n cil ov e r it a n d d ecided to mak e

h - him a bill lik e a lo n g sharp awl for a fis gig or spear . Th ey mad e him a fish - gig a n d fasten e d it o n i n fro n t H flew th e ee a e . e of his mouth to top of a tr , s il d out a n d te n n th e e a n d e dar d dow i to wat r . cam up with a fish o n his gig ; a n d he has b een th e be st gigge r eve r

n e si c . Oth ers s a y it was this way : A Black sn ake foun d a ’ y e - e n e i n ee a n d e sw a l llow hamm r s st a hollow tr , aft r OC C ON E E C HE E 1 47

n the un e u i n th e n es to ee lowi g yo g birds , coil d p t sl p , n d en the e un e e sh e en a wh moth r bird fo d him th r , w t e to the e e e who en h er th e n for h lp Littl P opl , s t to Ki g e He e a n d e n a n d fish r . cam , aft r flyi g back forth past the e f ew e d e o n e a th e n e a n d hol a tim s , ma d rt at s ak u e pull ed him o t d ad . ’ Wh en th ey look ed th ey fou n d a hol e i n th e s n ak e s h ead wh e re th e Ki ngfish e r had pi e rc e d it with a slen der

tu a l un a he e i n e n e . g fish , which carri d his bill lik a la c From this the Littl e P eopl e co n clud ed that h e would fir s - e h e n h a d th e s e mak e a t cla s s gigg r if o ly right p ar , e n a s e a n d h e so th y gave him his lo g bill a r ward , has ev er si n ce b een kn own amo n g a l l the fowls a n d an im als as the be st fi sh e rman amo n g them .

MYTH TWE LVE .

H are th e Pa r tr i dg e G o t Hi s Whi s tl e .

In the a en the w a s n ew th e e old d ys , wh world , T rra i n n The a fin e e b ut the e n e . p had whistl , Partridg had o T e rrapi n was con stan tly goi n g about whistli n g a n d show i n e th e e n n th e e g his whistl to oth r a imals , u til Partridg e e ea so o n e en e m et the e b cam j lous , day wh th y , Partridg e e e the e n h ask d l av of T rrapi to try t e whistl e . The e n e n T rrapi was afraid to risk it at first , susp cti g “ ’ e the e e som trick , but Partridg said , I ll giv it back right a n d a r e o u c a n m W e away , if you afraid y stay with e hil ” e the n l e t h e pra ctic . So Terra pi him have t e whistl n d the Partridge wa lke d arou n d blowi n g o n it i n fin e “ ” How do es it soun d with m e P a sk ed the Part ” O do e e th e e n , you v ry w ll , said T rrapi , walk 1 48 OC C ONE E C HE E

i n n N u a e . o e s th e g lo gsid ow , how do y lik it , aid Part “ ’ n n n e d n e u a n e a s e . a ridg , r i g ah ad whistli g a littl f t r Th t s ” “ ﬁn e n e e th e e n n to ee u b ut , a sw r d T rrapi , hurryi g k p p , ’ ” “ ” n r un An n o h o o o u ? do t so fa st . d w w d y lik e this e th e e a n d a h e ea hi s n call d Partridg , with th t spr d wi gs , e o n e n e a n d ﬂew th e o f a ee gav lo g whistl , to top tr , l eavi n g th e poor T e rra pi n to look a f te r him from th e groun d . The e n n e e e e e s e a n d T rrapi v r r cov r d his whi tl , from a a n d th e w a s l en th t loss of his scalp , which sto from him the u e h e e a a e b e s een a n d e e by T rk y , gr w sh m d to , v r si n ce th en h e shuts himself up i n his box wh en an yon e n e com es a r him .

E E MYTH THIRT N .

H r ow th e R ed B i r d Go t Hi s C ol o .

A Racco on passi n g a Wolf o n e day made s eve ral i n s ul ti n e n a t a the e e n g r marks , u til l st Wolf b cam a gry T n r n hi e a n d n e a n d e . he a s tur d chas d him Raccoo b st , a n d ma n a ge d to r ea ch a tree by th e riv er sid e b efore the u H h e n d e e o u o n Wolf cam e p . e climb ed t e tre a str tch d t th r r 1v ed e n n the e . en e a a limb ov rha gi g wat r Wh Wolf , h e th e e e n i n th e e a n d n n saw r ﬂ ctio wat r , , thi ki g it was th e n e a n d n e n e b e Raccoo , jump d at it was arly drow d

e h e u s e n w et a n d n . for co ld crambl out agai , all drippi g He n o n th e n to a n d e a ee a n d lay dow ba k dry f ll sl p , while h e w a s sleepi n g th e Ra ccoo n cam e down th e tree a n d got som e blu e- pip e clay a n d plast ered his eyes s o that h e could n ot op en th em a n d h e b eg an to howl a n d mak e a whi n i n g n oise .

OC C ON E E C HE E

b e n i n the s a n d e e e n ea s a a n fou d wood , th y w r r t rv tio en e n e e ee a e W r ed wh a Ph asa t discov r d a holly tr , lo d d ith e th e e n H e e n . e e b rri s , which Ph asa t is v ry fo d of call d n n an d e e e th e ee his compa io s , th y form d a circl about tr , n n n n a n d n e n i n si gi g , da ci g drummi g with th ir wi gs en e a n d u n e th e e n tok of th ir joy . th s origi at d Ph asa t n da c e .

E E MYTH FIFT N .

Th e R a c e B etw een th e C r a n e a n d th e u m m i n -B i r d H g .

The Hummi n g- Bird a n d the C ra n e w ere both i n love h e r f er r e h n - e n . S e d t e with a pr tty woma p Hummi g bird , w a s a s n e th e C n e w a s b ut who ha dsom as ra awkward , th e C ra n e was s o p e rsisten t that i n orde r to g et rid o f him s h e ﬁ n ally told him he must chall en ge the othe r to a n rac e a n d s h e would marry th e wi n n er . The H ummi g — — bird w a s so swift almo st lik e a ﬂa s h o f light n in g a n d th e C n e s o a n d e s he e u e a the ra slow h avy , that f lt s r th t

- h e Hummi n g bird would w i n . Sh e did n o t kn ow that t n e fl n C ra could y all ight . Th ey agreed to start from h er hous e a n d fly arou n d th e e th e th e e n n n a n d th e o n e circl of world to b gi i g , i n th n th e who came first would m a rry e woma . At word th e Hummi n g- bird darted o ff lik e a n arrow a n d w a s o ut i n en l ea v m hi s e of sight a mom t , g rival to follow h avily n H flew a n d en e n n e a n d e . e e b hi d all day , wh v i g cam n B ut h e stopp ed to roost for the ight h e was f a r ah ead . th e C n e flew e a l l n a ss n the hum ra st adily ight, p i g n - n e n a n d n o n n h e mi g bird soo aft r mid ight , goi g u til e n d e e cam e to a cr ek a stopped to r st about daybr ak . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 5 1

The H ummin g- bird woke up in the morn i n g a n d ﬂew o n n n n e s he wi n th e e agai , thi ki g how a ily would rac , n he e e the ee a n d e e n the C n e u til r ach d cr k , th r fou d ra

e n e n e . sp ari g tadpol s , with his lo g bill , for br akfast He was v ery much surpris ed a n d wo n dered ho w this u e en e he ﬂew a n d n co ld hav happ d , but swiftly by soo h n u f n The C n e n le ft t e C ra e o t o sight agai . ra ﬁ ishe d e a n d e o n a n d en e en n e his br akfast start d , wh v i g cam h e kept o n as be fore . This tim e it was hardly mid n ight when he passed the

n - ee o n a n d i n th e n n h e Hummi g bird asl p a limb , mor i g e had ﬁ n ish e d his breakfast b fore the oth e r cam e up . Th e n e h e n e e e a n d o n the xt day gai d a littl mor , fourth day he w a s speari n g tadpol es for di n n er wh en the Hum

- h n mi n g bird pass e d him . O n t e fifth a d sixth days it was l at e m th e aft e rn oo n b e fore the Hummi n g- bird cam e a n d o n the n n the e en th e C n e up , , mor i g of s v th day ra ’ e was a whol e n ight s trave l ah ad . He took his time at breakfast a n d then fixe d hims elf u p a s n ic el y as h e could at th e creek a n d cam e i n at the n e e e the n e e y i n th e starti g plac wh r woma liv d , arl morn in g . Wh en th e Hummi n g- bird arriv e d i n the aftern oon h e n he th e e th e n e e fou d that had lost rac , but woma d clar d s h e would n ev e r hav e such a n ugly fellow for a husba n d h n e as t e C ra . fin e e e e e a . Moral , B war of f th rs 1 52 OC C ON E E C HE E

N AKE ‘ FI AN D N E T M YT S S S I S C . , H H

E MYTH SIX TE N .

Th e S n a ke Tr i b e .

Th e n e n n du e a r e a l l ge ric am e for s ak e i s i n a . Th y “ ” e e a s i n a d u w ehi e n n a n n r gard d , sup r aturals , havi g i ti e n n e n th e n a n d th e n e mat co ctio with rai thu d r gods , a n d poss e ssi n g a c e rtai n i n ﬂu en c e ov e r th e oth er an imals a n d n i s th n e th e ee e . e pla t trib s It said that s ak s , d r , a n d th e n en e s o a n n u o n e gi s g act as alli s , that i j ry to i en e h h n a e s av g d by t e oth e rs . T e feeli n g toward s k s is o n e n e e a n d e e en e a n d e e r e mi gl d with f ar r v r c , v ry p n en th e n f en n o n e cautio is tak to avoid killi g or o f di g , e H sp ecially th e rattl es n a k e . e who kill s a s na ke will n s ee e a n d h e e n o n e s o n soo oth rs ; should kill a s co d , ma y e n e e h e u n a will com arou d him , which v r way may t r , th t h e will b e com e daz ed at the s ight of th eir gli sten ing ey es a n d n n e a n d n e n u e darti g to gu s , will go wa d ri g abo t lik

m a n n e ﬁn d hi s o ut the . a crazy , u abl to way of woods To guard agai n st this misfortu n e th e re a r e c ertai n pray ers which th e i n itiat e d s ay i n orde r tha t a s n ak e n o t e h a n d o n ee n the o n e may cross th ir pat , m ti g ﬁrst “ th e e n the n e u e Let us of s aso hu t r h mbly b gs of him , ” n o t s ee e e u e . C e a n e ach oth r this s mm r rt i sm lls , as that th e n a n d e n n e o f the of wild pars ip , c rtai so gs , as thos

U n ik a w i n - u e n e a r e ff en s e the or tow ho s da c , o iv to n n e e n th e s ak es a d make th m a n gry . For this r a so Un ik a w i n e e n e i n th e e e da c is h ld o ly lat fall , aft r th y e h n e hav e retired to th ir d en s f o r t e wi t r .

Ka n u g a La k e a n d P i n n a c l e .

' Ka u a La k e He e s o v i l e . Pa c o l et R v e He e s o v l l e n g , n d r n l i r , n d r n i D own the val l ey gl ides the ri ver , M ” urmuring a sad farewel l . OC C ONE E C HE E 1 53

When o n e dream s o f bei n g bitten by a sn a k e he must b e e e th e e a s th e a u e e a se tr at d sam for ct al bit , b c u it is the sn ake ghost that ha s bitten him ; oth erwi se th e pla ce e a n d ul c er ate i n th e e e en will sw ll sam way , v though it f f en n e e en b e ea e . ea o y rs aft rwards For f r o f di g th m , v i n e n n e e sa m a n ha s een en sp aki g, it is v r id that a b bitt “ n e b ut n a h e ha s een a e by a s ak , o ly th t b scr tch d by a ” th e e e a n d i n n n e briar . Most of b li fs customs this co c

n e e e a e e en e th e e n e . tio hav mor . sp ci l r f r c to rattl s ak Th e e n e e utsan ati b e r en rattl s ak is call d , which may “ ” h h es n e e e a e a u n t e . d r d , has b ll , ll di g to rattl Accordi g e th e e n a e w a s n e m a n a n d to th ir myths rattl s k o c a , was tran sforme d to hi s pres en t shap e tha t he might sa ve th e n e e e n o n th e Sun m i s huma rac from xt rmi ati , a ( by sion which h e a ccomp lishe d succ es s fully after others ha d failed . ‘ ' ’ By th e old m en h e is a l so sp oken o f a s The Thun de r s ” N e e a n d o n e i s to e o n e o f th e s cklac , to kill d stroy mo t

n en o f the - In n th e priz e d or a m ts Thu n der god . o e of u e e th e e M en th e n o f th e form las addr ss d to Littl , so s n e e a r e e to e the e se sn a e Thu d r , th y implor d tak dis a k “ e e e e use u a ou a n u to th ms lv s , b ca , It is j st wh t y dor yo r ” s elve s with . Fo r obvious reason s th e ra ttles n a ke i s regard ed a s th e e chi e f of th e trib e an d i s f a red an d resp ecte d accordin gly . Few C h erokee will ven ture to kill o n e except u n de r ab e n e e a n d e en en the e b e n e solut c ssity , v th crim must ato d n n o f th e n e s e e for by aski g pardo s ak gho t , ith r through the m ediation o f a pri est o r i n p erson accordi n g to a set u form la . O e e th e e es o f th e e n a e sen th rwis , r lativ d ad s k will d o n e o f th eir n umb e r to track up the offen de r a n d bit e s h e di e Th n n i o . e o f s him , that will o ly thi g which it said that th e rattles n ake i s a fraid is th e plan t k n ow n as 1 54 OC C ON E E C HE E

’ ' a n a e n a e a s e en e s e c mpio , or r ttl s k s m t r ( Sil t lla ) , which e n th eff e o f th e is us d by doctors to cou tera ct e ct e bit . a n d it i s b eli ev ed that a s n ake will ﬂee i n t error from th e hun t er w ho carri es a sma ll pi ec e of the root a bout his p erso n . N n n th e e th e esn e e otwithsta di g f ar of rattl ak , his rattl s , ee e a n d a r e e e o r e t th , ﬂ sh oil gr atly priz d for occult m di e th e n e e n e u e c er cal us s , s ak b i g kill d for this p rpos by tai n pri ests who k n ow th e n ec essary rit es a n d formulas

n for obtai n i n g pardo .

MYTH S E VE NTE E N .

T e kt a a n th l un s u t h U en d e U i . — Lo n g ago - hil a hiyu when th e S un bec a me a n gry the e e o n e a n d en n e es at p opl arth , s t a sick ss to d troy e th e e Men n e m a n n n s e sn e th m , Littl cha g d a i to a mo t r ak , a s e a s th e n ee n e larg tru k of a tr , with hor s , which th y

e th e Ukten a T he een - e e a n d en call d , K y d , s t him to h er H e h e . e t e a n d th e a e n kill fail d to do work , R ttl s ak b e en n e e the Uk ten a s o ea l had to s t i st ad , which mad j o u s a n d a n gry that the p eopl e w e r e afraid of him a n d en Ga l un l a ti the e dan had him tak to , to stay with oth r H e e n n . e e e n u g ro s thi gs l ft oth rs b hi d him , tho gh , n e e a n d n e e a n d e e arly as larg da g rous as hims lf , th y hid n o w i n th e d eep pools i n the riv e r a n d about lo n e ly passes i n th e n n the e th e C e ee high mou tai s , plac s which h rok

“ ‘ e h kt n e t e U e a . call , Wh r stays Thos e who k n ow sa y that the Ukten a with its horn s o n its h ead has a bright blazi n g cre st lik e a diamo n d n e e a n d e e n e upo its for h ad , scal s glitt ri g lik sparks of

1 56 OC C ON E E C HE E

E en the n u e ee i s a a o f a n d v co j r r who k ps it fr id it , cha n ges i ts hidi n g pl a ce ev e ry on ce i n a whil e s o th at it n n ea n th e w u t n h e b e u e ca ot l r ay o . Wh e e di s it will b ri d

. O e e e o ut o f a e e with him th rwis , it will com its c v , lik a n a ea a e n e n blazi g st r , to s rch for his gr v , ight aft r ight e en e en n o t a e ﬁn d for s v y ars , wh , if still bl to him , it e h will go back to sl e p forev e r wh ere e ha s pla c ed it . Who ev e r ow n s th e Ul u n suti i s sure o f success i n hun t i n e n - n a n d e e e u s n es b ut g , lov , rai maki g v ry oth r b i s , its i en i n great u s e is n life proph ecy . Wh it s co sulted f o r this purpos e th e future is s een mirrored i n the cl ea r crys a s ee e e e i n the u e e e a n d tal a tr is r ﬂ ct d q i t str am b low , th e o n e n e e th e m a n e e c jur r k ows wh th r sick will r cov r , e e th e e n th e a e o r wh th r warrior will r tur from b ttl , l wh eth e r the youth will liv e to b e o d .

E E E N MYTH IGHT .

’ - n - t r kten a Ag a n u i s i s S ea ch f o r th e U .

In o n e o f e b attl es the Sho w a n o a r e th ir with , who all n th e C e ee e e e n e- m a n magicia s , h rok captur d a gr at m dici , “ ’ e n e an - un i - ts i Th e un - whos am was Ag , Gro d Hog s ” e e e th e u e en Moth er . Th y had ti d him r ady for tort r wh h e e e hi s e a n d en e e s e b gg d for lif , gag d , if th y par d him ,

- i ﬁn d f o r e th e e n e e th e Ul un sut . to th m gr at wo d r work r , N o w th e Ul u n suti e n s s et i n the e , is lik a blazi g tar for e th e e Ukten a e en a n d th e e n e- m a n h ad of gr at s rp t , m dici

‘ h c o ul d e a e ou n s w o poss ss it might do m rv l s thi g , but n n n o t b e e se wa s eve ryo e k ew that this could , b cau it h e n o f certai n death to m eet th e Ukten a . T y war ed him h e n an e e hi s e n e wa s all this , but o ly sw r d that m dici OC C ONE E C HE E 1 57

a h e stron g n d that e wa s n o t a fra id . S o th y gave him his lif e o n that co n ditio n an d he b ega n the sea rch . The Ukten a us ed to l i e i n wa it i n l on ely places to sur e i ts a n d e e un e the a sses pris victims , sp cially ha t d d rk pa f h e n s n n he m o t e a un a . s t a Gr t Smoky Mo t i K owi g thi , g i c i a n w en t ﬁrst to a gap i n th e ra n ge on the far n orth r n h H ea e e borde r o f t e C h erok ee coun try . e s rche d th er a n d un ns e n a e e n h a d e e fo d a mo t r blacks k , larg r tha v r een n n e e b ut w a s n o t h e w a s n b k ow b for , it what looki g f o r a n d h e a e s e n to o a f o r , l ugh d at it as om thi g sm ll n e otic . C omi n g southwa rd to th e n ext g a p h e foun d th ere a s n n e th e a e e e een b ut en th e eo mocca i s ak , l rg st v r s , wh p l n h n n In the n e a p e wo dered e sa id it was othi g . xt g p he n een n a e a n d a e the e e to s ee fou d a gr s k c ll d p opl it , the e sa l ikw a a en e un a n en e ( pr tty y ) , but wh th y fo d imm s r een sn ake e u in the e r a n a i n ea g coil d p p ath th y way f r . C n o n Uta w a - un - the a n a n h e omi g to g ti , B ld mou t i , n e e ea di a ha l i a n b ut a l fou d th r a gr t y ( liz rd ) baski g, , it wa s a e a n d e e to a t w a s n o t though l rg t rribl look , it

what h e w a s loo ki n g f o r a n d h e paid n o a tten tio n to it . n e u to a - i the e Goi g still furth r so th W lasi y , Frog plac , he foun d a grea t frog s quatti n g i n th e gap b ut wh en the p eopl e who came to s ee it were frighten ed like the oth ers a n d r a n away from the mon ster he mocked at th em f o r O e n f n d en n h n e b i g afraid o a frog a w t o to t e xt gap . He en o n to un - skwa - l u n - i the Ga o f th e w t D i g y , p e n e a n d to the en an e a e o f Ata a hi a n d Fork d A tl r , ch t d l k g , e h e un n s u e es b ut he a e at ach fo d mo tro s r ptil , s id th y

w ere n othi n g . He u th e Ukten a b e n i n the . tho ght that might hidi g ee a e Tl a n us i i the ee a e o n s ee d p w t r at y , L ch pl c , Hiwa s , e e e n e n een een e e a n d wh r oth r stra g thi gs had b s b for , n e he e f r n n h He goi g th re div d a dow u der t e surfa ce . 1 58 OC C ON E E C HE E

s a w e a n d e sn a e a n d tw o en se s un turtl s wat r k s , imm e e u e a n d e e e a n wa s p rch s r sh d at him r tr at d ag i , but that all . O e a e h e e n u a n d th r pl c s tri d , goi g always so thward , o n n n h n h kten at last Gahuti mou tai e fou d t e U a asl eep . n n n e he r a n n th e n Tur i g without ois , swiftly dow mou ta i n s id e a s h e o n e n e far as could go with lo g br ath , n n earl y to the bottom of th e slope . Th e h e stoppe d a n d e n e - n e a n d n e he pil d up a lot of pi co s , i sid of it dug a e n h s ﬁr th n n d eep tren ch . Th e et e to e co es a d came n n back agai n up th e mou tai . Th e Ukten a ee a n d u n a n was still asl p , , p tti g arrow

n - u n i tsi a n d en th e to his bow , Aga shot s t arrow through e w a s n e th e e en the its h art , which u d r s v th spot from ’ e n e s rpe t s h ad . The e n e e e the n in gr at s ak rais d his h ad , with diamo d n n fir e a n d e en e fro t flashi g , cam straight at his my , but the n n n y r a n ee n magicia , tur i g quickl , at full sp d dow the n n e e the e fir e a n d the en mou tai , cl ar d circl of tr ch

o n e n a n d n o n th e n n s e . The at bou d , lay dow grou d i id Ukten a e th e w a s ea tri d to follow , but arrow thru his h rt , a n d i n a n oth e r mom en t h e rolled ove r i n his d eath h n The e n n e t e n e . struggl , spitti g poiso ov r all mou tai sid n n o t th e e ﬁr e o n l v poiso drops could pass circl of , but e a n d e e i n th e e a n d th e n o n hiss d sputt r d blaz . magicia th e i n sid e was u n touch e d exc ept by o n e small drop which struck upo n his h ead as he lay close to th e grou n d ; h n Th n e n o t w . e but did k o it blood too . as poiso ous th e e th e Ukten a s n a n d n as froth , pour d from wou d dow th e e i n e b ut r a n n th e en a n d e slop a str am . it i to tr ch l ft un e him harm d . Th e dyi n g mo n ste r roll ed ove r a n d over dow n th e n n e n n e ee i n a un mou tai , br aki g dow larg tr s its p th til it n - n i - e v reach ed th e bottom . Th en Aga u tsi call d e er v bird

1 60 OC C ONE E C HE E

i n Th m a a n f r hi s e ea . e n w s o g him to d th ﬁghti g lif , “ a n d e o ut th e n e e m e n e e h e i s call d to hu t r , H lp , ph w ; u en n Th n e yo r emy as w ell a s mi e . e hu t r took good a i m an d n th e a the e en u , , drawi g rrow to h ad , s t it thr th e o f th e Ukten a s o a th e u e body , th t blood spo t d from h Th n e i n n t e hol e . e s ak loos e d ts coils with a s a ppi g n e a n d en u n n th e e n th e e ois , w t t mbli g dow ridg i to vall y ,

n h e - t eari g up t e ea rth lik e a w a t r spout a s it roll ed . Th e n e u a n d w a s th e As a a Gi a ei stra g r stood p , it g y g g , h R M n h n H th e un e : t e ed a of t e Lightn i g . e sa id to h t r “ e e e m e a n d n o w e o u a n d You hav h lp d , I will r ward y , fin giv e you a m edici n e s o that you c a n always d gam e . e e n a n d en en n th e Th y wait d u til it was dark , th w t dow e e e th e e Ukten a h a d e b ut ridg to wh r d ad roll d , by this tim e th e birds a n d the i n s ects had eat en th e body a n d n h e o ly t e bon es w ere l ft . In o n e plac e w e re flash es of light comi n g up from th e n a n d o n n e e n e th e e th e grou d , diggi g h r , just u d r surfac , M k en a N e h e en R ed a n fou n d a scal e of th e U t . xt w t e th e ee h a d een u n n a n d ov r to tr that b str ck by light i g , gath eri n g a han dful of spli n t ers h e mad e a fir e a n d burn ed

th e scale of th e Ukten a to a coal . He wra pp ed this i n a “ e e ee n a n d e to the n e n : pi c of d rski gav it hu t r , sayi g As ” n e lo n g as you k eep this yo u c a always kill gam . Th en h e told th e hun ter that wh en he w en t back to h e u n u th e e n e o n a ee e camp m st ha g p m dici tr outsid , n e u He b ecaus e it w a s v ery stro n g a d da n g ro s . told him also that when h e w en t i n to the c abi n he would ﬁn d hi s broth e r lyi n g i n side n early d ead o n a ccoun t of the pres en e the Ukten a e h e s e e e c of scal , but mu t tak a small pi c n e th e R ed Ma n a e a n d s a e a of ca , which g v him , cr p n e a n d e to hi s e to n little of it i to wat r giv it broth r dri k ,

a n d h e would b e w ell aga in . en th e R ed Ma n wa s n e a n d the un e n o t Th go , h t r could O C C ONE E C HE E "16 1

s e H ee wh re h e w en t . e return ed to camp un hi s e e n u e the fo d broth r v ry sick , but soo c r d him with e n e the n e a n d a n d the n e a n d m dici from ca , that day xt , e e h n e h n e e e en e e e . v ry day aft r , fou d gam wh v r w t for it

E MYTH TW N TY .

Th u t a n ks u eH n er d th e U hi .

A m a n l i v m g dow n i n Georgia cam e to visit som e

e - H e n n d e . e e a r lativ s at Hickory log was a gr at hu t r , e e n e e n th e aft r r sti g for som days , got r ady to go i to n n en n e n o t mou tai s . His fri ds war d him to go toward th e n i n e n e e n e u orth , as that dir ction, ar a c rtai larg p e ee e e e n e u n e Uksuhi root d tr , th r liv d a da g ro s mo st r n e s ak . e n n an d en e e u i n It k pt co sta t watch , wh v r it co ld spr g upo n a n u n wary hu n t er it would coil ab o u t him a n d crush out his life in i ts folds, a n d th en drag th e dead body dow n the mou n tai n side in to a d eep hol e i n Hiw a s e H n e h n n s ee . e e e t e riv r list d qui tly to war i g , but all th ey said o n ly mad e him the more an xious to s ee such a n e s o n n n n en n mo st r, , without sayi g a ythi g of his i t tio s , h e l e ft th e s ettl emen t a n d took his way directly up the

n n th n o mou tai toward e rth . Soo n h e cam e to the fallen tree a n d climbed upon th e n a n d e e e en u o n th e e e th e tru k , th r , sur o gh , oth r sid was e Uk suhi e e o u t i n the s i ts ea gr at str tch d gras , with h d

e n the e . rais d , but looki g oth r way w a s e n n ee a n d It as larg as a commo tru k of a tr , at th e sight o f this t erribl e mo n st er th e hun t er becam e s o much frighten e d that h e mad e haste to g et dow n 1 62 OC C ON E E C HE E

from the l o g a n d starte d to r un ; b ut the grea t sn a k e e a a n d the n e a s h e e had h ard him pproach , ois start d to e hi s e e e e n n e a n d ur mak scap , wh r upo it tur d quickly p

su ed him . th e e th e n e r a n th e n e e e n Up ridg hu t r , s ak clos b hi d th en n th e e e the e him , dow oth r sid toward riv r , but with hi s n n n th e Uks uhi a n e a a n d u a s he all ru i g g i d r pidly , j st reach ed the low grou n d it caught up with him a n d e n n n n o n e n e wrapp d arou d him , pi i g arm dow by his sid , N e e e e n the e ee . but l avi g oth r fr ow , it gav him a t rribl ee e e s a n d en e an to squ z that almost brok his rib , th b g n hi e n dra g him alo g toward th e wate r . With s fr e ha d the n e e n the e a s e e hu t r b ga to clutch at bush s th y pass d , but th e s n ake turn ed his h ead a n d bl ew its sick en i n g l e n e n h e et . br ath i to his fac , u til had to go his hold a n a n d n en e a n d th e e e Ag i agai this happ d , all tim th y w e re getti n g n ear e r a n d n ear er to a d eep hole i n th e e en a th e en riv r , wh , lmost at last mom t , a lucky thought ’ n h n e n He e n e cam e i to t e hu t r s mi d . was sw ati g all ov r r u n the n n a n d en e e from his across mou tai , sudd ly r m m b ered to h a v e h eard that s n akes can n ot b ea r th e sm ell n n hi ee n n s of p erspiratio . Putti g s fr ha d i to his bo om he work e d it arou n d u n d er his armpit u n til it was c o v h e e e e e n . en n r d with p rspiratio Th withdrawi g it , grasp d n th e n e n e e en h e at a bush u til s ak tur d its h ad , wh Th ksuhi quickly sl a pp ed his sw eaty han d o n its nose. e U e o n e s s a s een n e en e gav ga p almo t if it had b wou d d , loos d a n d e w t u the u e e n its coil , glid d s iftly away hr b sh s , l avi g

' the n e e n o t e to a e hi s w a hu t r , bruis d but disabl d , m k y h - l hom e to t e Hickory o g .

1 64 OC C ONE E C HE E

n a n d ea n s an d e use e se e f o r a n n o cor b , xc d th m lv s h vi g m eat b eca us e the hun t ers w e re a fraid to go in to the H n n . e s e the ea n a n d en e mou tai s a k d r so , wh th y told him h e said h e would go hims elf tomorrow a n d e ith e r n i i bri g n a d ee r or fin d th e U stu tl . Th ey tri ed to dis e a s h e n s e n n ey suad him from it , but i ist d upo goi g th warn ed him th a t if a faw n bl eat ed i n th e thick et h e must r un at on ce a n d if th e s n ak e cam e a ft e r him h e must n o t r u n n th e n n n th e e try to dow mou tai , but alo g sid h of t e ridge . In th e n n he e o u t a n d en e the mor i g start d , w t dir ctly to n n e h e mou tai n . Worki g his way thru the bush s at t e h e e i n n He en e a n . bas , sudd ly h ard faw bl at fro t e e n e w a s th e U s tu tl i h e e gu ss d at o c that it , but had mad n to s ee so h e n o t n b ut en up his mi d it , did tur back , w t a n d e e e en th e m o n straight forward , th r , sur ough , was e i ts e e i n th e the n e st r , with gr at h ad air , as high as pi n e n i n e e e n e ee bra ch s , looki g v ry dir ctio to discov r a d r , m n o r e a n e . s a w a d e mayb a , for br akfast It him cam n e n i n e e e e o n e th e at him at o c , movi g j rky strid s , v ry en o f ee n n e a e l gth a tr tru k , holdi g its scaly h ad high bov th e bush es a n d bl eati n g as it cam e . Th e hu n te r was so badly frighten e d that he lost his wits en tir ely a n d started r u h n n to n directly up t e mou tai . The e n e e e n n en gr at s ak cam aft r him , gai i g half its l gth o n e e e o e e e him v ry tim it t ok a fr sh grip with its for f et , a n d would hav e ca ught th e hu n te r b e fore he reach ed th e th e e h e en e e e e top of ridg , but that sudd ly r m mb r d the warn in g a n d cha n ge d his cours e to r un alon g th e h n n e t e e n e ' sid e o f t e moun tai . At o c h s n ak b ega to los n e e e e e th e e o f grou d , for v ry tim it rais d its lf up w ight its body threw it out of a stra ight li n e a n d made it fall ! e e r e a littl e low e r dow n the side o f th ridge . It tri d to e se n o w th e n e n e an d e o n un cov r it lf , but hu t r gai d k pt OC C ON E E C HE E 1 65 til he turn ed the en d o f th e ridge a n d l e ft the sn ake o ut h e u h n d o f s ight . Th en cautio sly climb ed to t e top a looked ove r a n d sa w the Ustutl i still slowly workin g i ts way tow a rd th e s ummit . He en n to the a e o f the un a n en e w t dow b s mo t i , op d fir d t fir h n n e a n s e e t e a a d ea es . his pouch , to gr ss l v Soo th e fir e r a n all arou n d th e mou n tai n a n d bega n to climb upward . Wh en th e great s e rpen t sm elle d the smok e a n d saw the e n u th e un e a n d flam s comi g , it forgot all abo t h t r n e r ff tur d to mak e all sp eed f o a high cli n ea r the summit . e e the a n d n the fir e e It r ach d rock got upo it , but follow d a n d caught the dead pi n es abo ut th e ba s e of th e cliff l i ’ u n til the h eat made th e U stut s sca l es cra ck . n e o f th e i ts n ee Taki g a clos grip rock with hi d f t , it raised its body a n d put forth all its stren gth i n a n eff ort to n the o f fir e a un e b ut spri g across wall th t surro d d it , the smok e chok ed it a n d its hold loo sen ed a n d it fell a mong th e bla zi n g pi n e trun k s a n d l aw there un til it was burn e d to ash es .

E MYTH TW NTY TWO .

T wts un he U ta .

Nun da el i the es i n Na n a a a e i n At y , wild t spot t h l riv r , ( n o w n C n N C a n a e e th e what is Maco ou ty , orth roli ) , wh r e n n ff i s e a n d th e f a r e e e ov rha gi g cli high st e riv r b low , th r lived i n the o l d tim e a g reat sn ake ca lled the t sun ta o r n e e a use ve e s k e a m ea sur ( bou c r ) , b c it mo d by j rk li i n n o n e a its o n the n g worm , with o ly p rt of body grou d

a e . e en e a o n the ea s e e at tim It stay d g r lly t side, wh r 16 6 OC C ONE E C HE E

th e sun e i n the o n n a nd u e to s cam ﬁrst m r i g, s d cro s by reachi n g ov e r from th e high est poi n t o f the cliff u n til et a o n th e e e en it could g grip oth r sid , wh it would h e e f i pull ov e r t r st o ts body . It was s o imm en s e that wh en i t was thus stretch ed

en e th e e e e . across , its shadow dark d whol vall y b low n e th e e e n o t n e e For a lo g tim p opl did k ow it was th r , but wh en at last th ey fou n d o ut that such a mo n st e r n e the n e e e a e i n th e i habit d cou try , th y w r fraid to liv e s o w a s e e e n e e the n n vall y , that it d s rt d lo g b for I dia s w ere r emoved from th e coun try .

E N - E E MYTH TW TY THR .

Th e S n a ke B oy.

Th ere was a b oy who us ed to go bird hu n ti n g ev ery a n d a l l th e s h u e e hi s day , bird e bro ght hom to giv to

n e w a s e n o f . gra dmoth r , who v ry fo d him This e th e e the e us a n d e ea e mad r st of family j alo , th y tr t d him i n such fashion that at l a st o n e day h e told his n o e he u ea e e a sh e u gra dm th r wo ld l v th m all , but th t m st n o t e gri v e for him . N e n n h e e u ed to eat a n ea s xt mor i g r f s y br kfa t , but ff u n l In w en t o h n gry to the woods a d w a s gon e a l day . th e e n n e e n e r i n i n wi th a o f ve i g h r tur d , b g g him a p ir ee n a n d en e th e use d r hor s , w t dir ctly to hotho ( Asi ) , h H l wh e re; is gran dmoth er was w aitin g f or h im . e to d

’ th e ~ wo a he b a n e n o s e ol d: man th t must e lo that ight , s h g ot up a n d w en t i n to th e house wh e re the o th ers w ere . At ea rly daybr ea k she ca m e a ga i n to the hothouse an d

1 68 OC C ONE E C HE E

n o f e ha d se s u e n supp er . O e th m killed v era l q irr ls duri g h fir e th e a n d n o w e e e t e . day , got r ady to broil th m ov r Hi s compa n io n warned him that if h e brok e th e tabu a n d a te e e he e e n e th e squirr l m at would b com a s ak , but ’ n oth e r laugh ed a n d said that was o n ly a co j u rer s story . He en o n th e e a n a n d en th e u e w t with pr par tio , wh sq irr ls w ere roast e d made hi s supp er of th em a n d th en l ay dow n fir by th e e to sl eep . Lat e that n ight his compan io n was arous ed by groa n i n a n d o n n n h e un th e e n o n g , looki g arou d fo d oth r lyi g th e n n a n d n i n n a n d the grou d rolli g twisti g ago y , with low e r part of his body already cha n ged to th e body a n d n k m n tail of a large w a te r s a e . The a was still abl e to e a n d e n n u sp ak call loudly for h lp , but his compa io co ld n n n s i t a n d e do othi g , but o ly by try to comfort him whil h e watch ed th e arms si n k i n to hi s body a n d the ski n tak e o n a sca ly chan ge th at moun ted gradua lly towa rd the ’ n e n e en th e e e en e a n d ck , u til at last v h ad was a s rp t s h ad th e great s n ak e crawl ed away from th e fir e a n d dow n h e n d n e e n n th e n n t e a e e . ba k i to riv r , was v r s agai

E N E MYTH TW TY FIV .

Th R a ttl es n a ke? R ev en e e g .

On e i n the en es en w e a day old tim , wh could still t lk e e e e en e e n with oth r cr atur s , whil som e childr w r playi g th e e e e n e ea e e . about hous , th ir moth r i sid h rd th m scr am Ru n n i n g outsid e she fou n d that a rattl es n ake had crawled the a n d n h Th a a u s s e e . e from gr ss , t ki g p a tick kill d it e o ut un n i n the n a n an d a e en fath r was h ti g mou t i s , th t v i n en c n e a e a u the a he ea g wh omi g hom ft r d rk thr g p , h rd OC C ON E E C HE E 1 69

n u h un a stran ge w a ilin g sou n d . Looki g abo t e fo d that he had com e i n to th e mi dst o f a whol e compan y o f r at tl esn a kes e s en a n d ee e , all of which had th ir mouth op s m d b H e e th n f e u e e n . e e e o to cryi g ask d th m r aso th ir tro bl , a n d th ey told him that hi s o w n wif e had that day kill ed e e the e e n e a n d e e e th ir chi f , Y llow Rattl s ak , th y w r just e e n o w about to s en d th e Black Rattles n ak e to tak e r v en g . The n e h e e e hu t r said was v ry sorry , but th y told him that if h e spok e th e truth that h e must b e rea dy to ma ke satisfactio n a n d giv e his wif e a s a sacr ifice f o r th e lif e e e N o t n n e e of th ir chi f . k owi g what might happ n oth r h e n en en th e e . e o a e wis , co s t d Th y th t ld him th t Black Rattles n ak e would go hom e with him a n d coil up j ust h h e e t e i n t e . He n e e outsid door dark must go i sid , wh r h e fin d e n a n d a s k h er to et would his wif awaiti g him , g n o f e he n w s him a fre sh dri k wat r from t Spri g . That a H e n all . e w n t hom e a n d k ew that th e Black Rattl esn ak e n n h a n e was followi g . It was ight wh en e arrive d d v ry h e n e n e dark , but fou d his wif waiti g with his supp r H e . e n n d e f o r n e r ady sat dow a ask d a dri k of wat r . Sh e n e the h e ha d d him a gourd full from jar , but said h e n e e th e n sh e wa t d it fr sh from spri g , so took a bowl a n d n h The e n h w e t out of t e door . n xt mom e t e heard a a n d n h e n th e e n e cry , goi g out fou d that Black Rattl s ak n h r n h e n had bitt e e a d that s e was alr ady dyi g . He e h er n s he e en th e stay d with u til was d ad , wh Black Rattl es n ak e cam e out from th e grass agai n a n d said his e n trib was o w satisfi ed . He en th e n e e n a n d th taught hu t r a pray r so g , said , Wh en you m eet a n y of us he reaft er si n g this so n g a n d w e will n o t hurt you ; but if by accid en t o n e of u s should e o n e e en n n e a n d bit of your trib , th si g this so g ov r him ” he e e An d th e e will r cov r . e C h rok e hav e k ept this so n g a n d si n g it u n til this day . OC C ON E E C HE E

- MYTH TWE NTY S IX .

Th e N es t of th e Tl an uwas

O n th e n n o f e en n e ee e i n a end orth ba k Littl T ss riv r, b e w th e C ee i n un C un Ten b lo mouth of itico cr k , Blo t o ty , n es s ee i s f n n e the a e a n d u , a high cli f ha gi g ov r w t r , abo t half way up th e face of the rock is a ca ve with two op en n Th h e . e e e t e i gs rock proj cts outward abov cav , so th e n n b e een e a n d ee that mouth ca ot s from abov , it s ms impossibl e to reach th e cav e eith e r from abov e or below . Th ere a r e white streaks i n th e rock from the cav e h Th e e e Tl an u a i h e dow n to t e wat e r . C h rok e call it w ( t e th e plac of e Gr at Mythic H a wk ) . In th e e a n a e th e e n old tim , away b ck soo ft r cr atio , a Tl a n u w a s e n n e e e e pair of had th ir est i this cav . Th y w r en e e an a n a e n ow a n d e imm s birds , larg r th y th t liv , v ry stro n g a n d savage . e e e e e n a n d n the e a n d Th y w r for v r ﬂyi g up dow riv r , us ed to com e i n to th e settl em en ts an d ca rry o ff dogs a n d n n n n h N o o n e ev e you g childr e playi g n ea r t e ho uses . ea th e n e e a n d en th e e e could r ch st to kill th m , wh p opl tri ed to shoot th em the arrows on ly gla n ce d off a n d w ere s eiz ed a n d carri ed aw a y i n th e t a lo n s o f th e Tl an uw a s . s th e e e en a ea e n e m a n At la t p opl w t to gr t m dici , who e e e e e a a he promis ed to h lp th m . Som w r afr id th t if fail ed to kill the Tl a n uw a s th ey would t ak e reven ge o n

th e e e th e e n e m a n s a h e a . p opl , but m dici id could ﬁx th t He e n e n n a a s the C e ee mad a lo g rop of li b rk , just h rok ‘ i n ee a n d ha d th e e e still do , with loops it for his f t , p opl l et him dow n from th e top of th e cliff at a time when he k n ew that th e old birds w ere aw a y . Wh en h e ca me Opposit e th e mouth o f th e cav e he still u n ot ea e ause the s a e un e co ld r ch it , b c rock bov h g ov r ,

A C h e r o k e e In d i a n B a l l T e a m .

At e o e e . . C h r k , N C 1 7 1

' s o h e s wu n g h iin s el f backward an d forward sev era l tim es un til the rop e swu n g n ear en ough f o r him to pull himself i n to th e cave with a hook e d stick that h e c a r e h e n a e s en i n s e u es ri d , which ma g d to fa t om b sh grow i n g a t th e en tran ce . In th e n e h e n un n e a n d o n th e st fou d four yo g o s , floor o f th e cave w ere th e bo n es of all sorts o f an imals a n d n en h e He childre that had be carri ed th e re by t hawks . pulled th e you n g o n es o ut o f th e n est an d threw th em e th e ff n the ee e e e e a e ov r cli i to d p wat r b low , wh r gr at n Ukten a s erp e t that lived th ere fi n ish ed th em . en h e th e tw o o l d n e n a n d just th saw o s comi g , had hardly tim e to c limb up aga i n to the to p o f th e rock b e fore th ey rea ch ed th e n est . en e n the n es e e e e u u s Wh th y fou d t mpty th y w r f rio , a n d circle d ro un d a n d rou n d in the a i r u n til th ey saw th e n e h e e en e e s a ke put its h ad from t w a t r . Th th y dart d n a n d e o n e e e the sn e i n straight dow ward , whil s iz d ak hi s n a n d flew f a r i n th e s k a e talo s up y with it , his m t struck at it a n d bit o ff pi ece a ft er pi ec e u n til n othi n g e e u h e was l e ft . Th y w re so high p that wh en t e pi ec s e e e e i n th e a r e s b e f ll th y mad hol s rocks , which till to “ een e e th e a e w e a e e th e s th r , at pl c which c ll , Wh r ” l u a u s o u n T a n w e th e o f C . e cut it p , oppo it m th itico Th th e two h aw ks c i rcl ed up an d up u n til th ey w en t o ut o f

s an d e e n e e een seen a n e . ight , th y hav v r b y mor 1 72 OC C ON E E C HE E

- E E MYTH TWE NTY S V N .

u Th e Hmi ter a n d th e Tl an wa .

A hu n t e r o ut i n the woods o n e day s a w a Tl a nuwa e e a n d e e th e ea ov rh ad tri d to hid from it , but gr t bird e een a n d ee n n u had alr ady s him , , sw pi g dow , str ck its n n n a n d e f a r claws i to his hu ti g pack , carri d him up n h e fl h Tl a n u t . ew t e w a i to air As it , , which was a e - e a n d the n e he n ee moth r bird , spok told hu t r that d n o t b e s h e n o t n n e afraid . as would hurt him , but o ly wa t d him to stay awhile with h er youn g o n es to guard th em n e o l en e h n u til th ey w re d ough to l ave t e est . At last th ey alighted at th e mouth of a cave i n th e face ’ e l ifl n e th e n the e c . e of a st p I sid , wat r was drippi g from a n d th e e en d n e s i n roof , at farth r was a st of stick which w ere two you n g birds . Th e old Tl a n u wa s et th e hu n ter dow n a n d th en flew e n n n e - e ee away , r tur i g soo with a fr sh kill d d r , which it e e e n th e e e th e n e a n d tor to pi c s , givi g first pi c to hu t r th en f eedi n g th e two you n g ha wks . Th e h un t e r stay ed i n the cav e for ma ny day s u n til the n e e n e n a n d e e da the o l d you g birds w r arly grow , v ry y moth e r bird would fly away from the n est a n d retu rn i n th e e en n ee ea o f sh e v i g with a d r or a b r , which always th e h e n He e n u gav e e first pi ec to t h u ter . gr w ve ry a xio s s ee e a n the Tl a n uwa e e n to his hom ag i , but k pt t lli g him n o t e n e n e b a a e e . to u asy , but to w it littl whil lo g r At last h e made up his mi n d to escape from the ca ve an d n n fi ally studi ed o ut th e pla . The n e n n e the ea a ha d ne xt mor i g , aft r gr t h wk go , he dra gged o n e of th e youn g bird s to th e mouth o f the cav e a n d ti ed himself to o n e o f i ts legs with a s trap hi n n th e fl s f th e from s hu ti n g pa ck . The with at ide o

174 OC C ON E E C HE E

a e Utl un ta ea n e an d o n a un o f was c ll d , Sp r Fi g r , cco t h er n n she w a s e e a e N un unuwi sto y ski som tim s c ll d y , ” n e - e s Sto dr s . There wa s a n othe r s ton e- cloth ed mo n ste r tha t kill ed e ff e e en . p opl , but that is a di r t story Sp ear - ﬁn g er had s uch pow er ov er ston e that s h e could e a n d en e a n d e en asily lift carry imm s rocks , could c m t e e e n n n n th m tog th r by m erely striki g o e agai st a oth er . To g et ov er th e rough cou n try more ea sily s h e un dertook to build a grea t bridge through th e a i r from N unyu “ ” tl u un i th e ee o n ee e g y , Tr Rock , Hiwass , ov r to S an i i l a i e e un a n i n a s n C un g g ( Whit sid Mo t i , J ck o o ty , N C n o n th e e e a n d e orth aroli a , ) Blu Ridg , had it w ll “ ” start ed from th e top of Tr ee ro ck wh en th e lightn i n g stru ck it a n d sca tt ered th e fragm en ts alo n g th e whol e e e e th e e es c a n b e een se who ridg , wh r pi c still s by tho e go th e r . Sh e u sed to ran ge all ov er the moun tai n s about the e th e e a n d i n th e a es N a n tah a l a h ads of str ams d rk pass of , He r e always hu n gry a n d looki n g for victims . favorit hau n t o n th e T en n es see sid e of th e Great Smoky Moun tai n s was about th e gap o n the tra il wh ere C hilhow ee

Mou n ta i n s com e dow n to th e riv e r . Som etim es th e o l d woman would appro a ch a long the trail wh ere th e children w ere picki n g strawb erri es o r n n e th e e a n d s a e playi g ar villag , would y to th m coax i n l C e n en e a n n g y, om , my gra d childr , com to your gr y ” n d l n n en e a et gra y dress your hair . Wh som littl e girl ’ r a n up a n d laid h er head i n th e old woman s lap to b e e e a n d e th e en r u n he r p tt d comb d , old witch would g tly ’ n e th e un en ee en ﬁ g rs thru child s hair til it w t to sl p , wh she would stab th e littl e o n e thru th e hea rt o r back o f the n e th e n n e sh e ha d e ck with lo g awl ﬁ g r , which k pt e t the hidden u n der h er rob e . Th n s he would take o u OC C ONE E C HE E

e a n e h e e th e us n liv r d a t it . S e would n t r ho e by taki g th e app earan ce of o n e o f the family who happ en ed to e n e e a n d h er hav go out for a short tim , would watch chan c e to stab som e o n e with h er lo n g ﬁ n ger a n d tak e h u e n n e o ut e . S e his liv r co ld stab him without b i g otic d , a n d oft en the victim did n o t ev en k n ow it hims elf at th e — — tim e for it l e ft n o wou n d a n d caus ed n o pai n but w en t o n hi s o w n ff un n e h e e e about a airs , til all at o c f lt w ak a n d e n n e a n d wa s a s e di e b ga to pi away , lway sur to ,

- beca us e Sp ear ﬁn g er had taken his liv e r . en th e C e ee en o ut i n th e n Wh h rok w t fall , accordi g to e u to n e e o ff th e un n i n th ir c stom , bur l av s from mo tai s e to et th e e n u o n th e n e e e ord r g ch st ts grou d , th y w r n e e e the o n th e v r saf , for old witch was always lookout . a n d a s soo n as she saw th e smok e rise sh e kn ew th ere w ere I n dian s th ere a n d she would s n eak up a n d try to n n e a e u e surpris e o e alo . So as w ell s th y co ld th y would ee e e a n d e e e o o f a n try to k p tog th r , w r v ry cauti us llowi g n h B u o n e en a y stra n ge r to approach t e camp . t if w t to th e n n e n e e n e b e spri g for a dri k , th y v r k w but it might h e - t e liv r ea t er th a t cam e b a ck a n d sa t with th em . At last a great cou n cil was h eld to d evi se s o m e m ean s to g et rid of the old witch b e fore she should d estroy ev ery Th e un Nikw a s i . e e e a body p opl c m from all aro d to ,

un n o w n e n n N C . a n d e ( mo d ar Fra kli , . ) aft r much talki n g it was decide d that th e b est way to s ecu re h er d emis e would b e to trap h er i n a pitfall wh ere all th e e du ee warriors could attack h er at o n ce . So th y g a d p pitfall across th e path a n d cov ere d it ove r with earth a n d grass as if th e groun d had n eve r b een disturb ed . Th en they ki n dl ed a l a rge ﬁr e o f brush n ear th e trail a n d e e e i n th e u e e e e n e hid th ms lv s la r ls , b caus th y k w that she would com e as soon as s he s a w the smok e . S u re en oug h they soon sa w a n o l d woma n comi n g alon g ‘ 1 6 o C C ON E E C HE E 7 .

h e l th e tra il . S e look d ve ry much lik e a n o d woman that e n e in the e a n d a u e e o f the th y k w villag , ltho gh s v ral e m en n e h er the e n e e e wis r wa t d to shoot at , oth rs i t rf r d , becaus e th ey did n o t wa n t to hurt o n e o f th eir o wn Th e e n th e e . n e p opl old woma cam slowly alo g trail , o n e n n e h e r n e n s h e e e n with ha d u d r bla k t , u til st pp d upo th e pitfall a n d tumbl e d through th e brush top i n to th e h e h e ee e e . en n e s e r e d p hol b low Th , at o c , show d tru n e a n d n e th e ee e n e e atur . i st ad of old f bl woma th r was th e e e U tl un ta h e r n n a n d h er t rribl with sto y ski , sharp awl ﬁ n ger reachi n g out i n every directio n for some o n e

to stab . The hu n t e rs rush e d out from th e thick et a n d su r n e th e a s e a n d en e rou d d pit , but shoot tru as oft as th y th e th e n th e W n could , arrows struck sto y mail of itch o ly b e en a n d e e h er ee e sh e to brok fall us l ss at f t , whil tau n te d th em a n d tri ed to climb o ut of th e pit to g et at h er n n e . e e e e th m Th y k pt out of way , but w r o ly wasti g e en Utsu i th e titm o u s th ir arrows wh a small bird , g , , e e o n ee o e e a n d e n n un un p rch d a tr v rh ad b ga to si g , , , ” h un . e n un u e e n n Th y thought it was sayi g q , h art , m a i g

that th ey should aim at th e heart o f th e sto n e witch . e e e e e e th e e u b e Th y dir ct d th ir arrows wh r h art sho ld , but th e arrows o n ly gla n c e d o ff with the ﬂi n t h eads en brok . en e th e Uts u i a n d c ut o ff its n e s o Th th y caught g to gu , that e v e r si n c e its to n gu e is short a n d eve rybody k n ows

that it i s a liar . en th e n e l et ﬂew u n the Wh hu t rs it go , it straight p i to sk n a n d n e e e y u til it was out of sight , it v r cam back a n y e a n d th e e w e n n o w n a n mor , titmous that k ow is o ly

image of th e oth e r . Th ey kept up th e ﬁght without result u n til a n oth e r

- e Ts ikil il i h ! e ﬂ m , t e C e ew n bird littl , , hickad , ; dow fro a

1 78 OC C ON E E C HE E

a a n d e th e en d f h n i n th e b ck sm ll o it . At l a st e poi ted it ’ directio n of th e hu n t er s camp o n th e oth er side of th e

n n a n d e en h e e th e f h e mou tai , this tim wh dr w back sta f

n ff e se e e e e e a n d s i d it v ral tim s as if it sm ll d v ry good ,

n h He th e start ed alo n g th e ridge stra ight for t e ca mp .

e e th e e th e n e n h e mov d v ry slowly , with h lp of ca , u til

e e th e en d th e e en h e e th e n e r ach d of ridg , wh thr w ca o ut i n to the air a n d it becam e a bridge of shi n i n g rock

e n h str tchi g acros s t e riv er . Afte r h e ha d cross ed ov er upo n th e bridge it b ecame a can e agai n a n d th e old m a n pick ed it up a n d start ed

Th n e ove r th e mou n ta i n toward th e camp . e hu t r was

en e a n d e e e n e he fright d , f lt sur that it m a t mischi f , so hurri ed o n dow n th e mou n tai n a n d took th e short est trail

e m n en back to th e camp to g et th r e b e fore th e old a . Wh h e got th ere a n d told hi s story th e m e dici n e- m a n said the old m a n w a s a wick ed ca n n ibal mo n st er call ed “ ” N un un u w i e e i n n e l e i n th e N a n y , Dr ss d Sto , who iv d

n n a n d w a s n th e tahala mou tai s , always goi g about thru fore st looki n g for som e hu n t er that h e might kill a n d t ea him .

e a e e e use hi s n e It was v ry h rd to scap from him , b ca ca

e a n d wa s n e a s a guid d him as a dog , it arly h rd to kill

en e e e n o f him , for his body was tir ly cov r d with a ski

h h n . e e e a d ea t e solid rock If cam would kill th m all ,

e a n d th ere was only o n e way to save th eir liv s .

He n o t e n n a n d e could b ar to look upo a woma , if th y

n th e e en e en the could bri g to path s v marri d wom , that

e a n d th e w oul d e sight of th m would kill him , y rid th m

e e r an a n d s lves o f him . So th y swiftly brought quickly

a s n en e ﬁn d a n d e e ma y wom as th y could , plac d th m OC C ONE E C HE E 79

n th e a a n d en th e ol d m an a e he saw on e a lo g tr il , wh c m , woman stan di n g n ear th e tra il a n d the v ery s ight o f h er

e s a n d he e o ut Y u a n mad him ick cri d , , my gr dchild , I ” hate th e sight o f woman ! He hu rri ed p a st h er a n d i n a momen t h e sa w the s eco n d woman sta n din g as h e had “ een the e a n d he e out a n Y u ! s oth r , cri d ag i , my child ;

e the e en a n d he e h er a n d I hat trib of wom , hurri d past ,

he n n ue n th e n h e a e to th e se en co ti d alo g tra il u til c m v th , a n d by this tim e h e had b ecom e s o much en rage d that h e

n de en th e e n e- m an e f ell dow almo st ad . Th m dici drov seven sou rwood switch es through his body a n d pi n n ed

th e n an d en n e e e e him to grou d , wh ight cam th y pil d gr at

e a n d set ﬁr e e a n d the e e logs ov r him to th m , all p opl

N un un u i w a s e gath ere d arou n d to s ee . y w a gr at a da w ehi a n d n e a n e e a n d n o w th e ﬁr e k w m y s cr ts , as

e e h e e n a n d e th e cam clos to him b ga to talk , told th m

n l l n n n h b e medici e for a ki ds o f sick ess . At mid ight e

a n n a n d a n th e un n n n u g to si g, s g h ti g so gs for calli g p the b ear a n d dee r a n d all th e a n imals of th e woods a n d

un a n s mo t i . As the blaz e grew hott er his voice san k low er an d

e n at en th e e the e e low r , u til last wh daylight cam , logs w r

e h h e a h ap of white ash es a n d t e voice was still . Then t

e n e- m a n e to e o ff th e e a n d e e m dici told th m rak ash s , wh r the body h a d lai n th ey fou n d o n ly a large l ump of wadi

n l s He e h n e pai t a n d a m a gic U un uti sto n e . k pt t e sto

f o r e an d a n th e e e a un h e n e hims lf , c lli g p opl ro d him pai t d

e o n th e e a n d e s th e r ed a n d th m fac br a t with wadi , whatever each p er so n pra yed f o r whil e th e pai n ti n g was

e n n e e e f o r un n u es s n b i g do , wh th r h ti g s cc , for worki g ' — s Or f o r n e a wa s . kill , lo g lif th t gift his 1 80 OC C ON E E C HE E

MYTH THIRTY .

Th e un ter a n d D a kw H a .

In the o l d e e ea ﬁsh e the days th r was a gr t call d Dakwa , which lived i n th e Ten n essee river whe re Toco creek “ ” e i n Da kwa i the e e the com s at , Dakwa plac , abov mouth

Te a n d wa s a e ea s of llico , which so l rg that it could ily

a m n n n sw llow a a . O ce a ca oe ﬁlled with warriors was crossi n g ov er from the tow n o n the oth e r side o f th e

e en th e en e u n e th e a riv r , wh Dakwa sudd ly ros up d r bo t a n d e e n h e e n thr w th m all i to t e air . As th y cam dow it swa llow ed o n e with a sin gl e s n ap of i ts j a w s a n d dived

th e with him to e bottom o f th e riv r . As soo n as the hu n te r came to his sen se s h e foun d

he h ad n o t een b ut a n d e that b hurt , it was so hot clos e e i n side the Dakwa that h e was n early smoth er d . As h ; grop e d arou n d i n the dark his ha n d stru ck a l o t o f muss el ! e th e e a n d n o n e o f sh lls which ﬁsh had swallow d , taki g

ese a n e he e n w a o ut n SOOI‘I I th for k if b ga to cut his y , u til the fish grew u n ea sy at the scra pi n g i n side his stoma ch Beta He ke t a n d cam e up to the top o f the wate r for air . p t thelake o n cutti n g u n til th e fish w a s i n s uch p a i n that it sw am one1h this way a n d that across th e stream a n d thra sh e d the al ear l p . n h a o wate r i n to foam with its ta il . Fi a lly t e hole w s s Of pure . e h e a n d n the fish w a s larg that could look out , fou d that

e a resti n g i n sha llow wate r n ear the s hore . Th Dakw soon b ecame so sick from the wou n d that it vomited

th e un e o ut o f a n d he the e a e< h t r its mouth , with oth rs m d a e esca e to e th e u es i n the a o f th ir p T llico , but j ic stom ch the ﬁsh made the h a ir fall from the h ead o f th e hu n ter

so th a t he wa s bald ever a ft er that .

’ I 82 OC C ONB E C HE E

new e a n d en h e e o u n th e e wat r , wh com s t upo e oth r sid his rear n a r e e e a n d e n the n a ee wou ds h al d , for this r aso a im ls k p and n th e l a k e i visible to th e hu n t er .

MYTH THIRTY TWO .

Th B r i r m ! th o u th e de f o e S .

Th e N en e n a n d e n f a r a n d orth w t trav li g , aft r goi g m eeti n g ma n y differen t trib es h e ﬁ n ally fell i n love with

h e h r Th t e daught r of t e South a n d w an t ed to marry h e . e

w a s n h er a en e e a n d sa E e girl willi g, but p r ts obj ct d id , v r

n e o u e th e e e een a n d si c y cam w ath r has b cold , if you ” w e e e Th e N e e stay h ere will all fr e z e to d ath . orth pl ad d

a n d e l et a e e e hard , said if th y would him h v th ir daught r , he e h er to hi s o w n n s o a t a s would tak back cou try , l t

e n n e th y co s e t d . Th ey w e re m a rri ed a n d h e took hi s brid e back to his o w n un a n d en e e e e s h e un th e co try , wh th y arriv d th r fo d

h n e h e e a l l n i n i c e u se . T e e da n t e p opl livi g ho s xt y, wh sun e the u e e a n e a n d a s me ros , ho s s b g to l ak , it cli b d

e th e se e n e a n d e e high r hou s b ga to m lt , it gr w warm r a n d e n n the e e a e the n warm r , u til ﬁ ally p opl c m to you g

n a n d h e en e e n husba d told him must s d his wif hom agai , o r th e w eath er would g et so w a rm that the whole s ettle

e He e - n d s e m en t would b e m elt d . lov d his wife a o h ld

a s n a s h e d b ut the sun e e th e out lo g coul , as gr w hott r

e e e e e en a n d a t h e ha d sen h er p opl w r mor urg t , last to d

e h er en b ut e a ee s he r e hom to par ts , th y gr d that might

' n n e a e f o r a s ea n b ut a she u tur o c y ar hort s so , th t sho ld OC C ON E E C HE E 1 83

n e e e e i n th e N n she w a s v r com to liv orth agai , for as e i n th e h e r e n a u e w a s a rear d South , that whol t r w rm

e a n d that s he was u n ﬁt to dw ll i n the N orth .

E E MYTH THIRTY THR .

Th I M e ce an .

On ce wh en th e peopl e w e re burn i n g th e woods i n th e

a n d the e set ﬁr e a ee c o n fall , blaz to poplar tr , which ti n n ed to burn u n til th e ﬁr e w en t dow n in to th e roots

i n h n a n d n e e e t e . n e a n d bur d a gr at hol grou d It bur d ,

u n e a n d th e e e n n e n the b r d , hol gr w co sta tly larg r , u til p eopl e b ecame frighten ed a n d w e re afra id th a t it would

n th e e . e e ut o ut the ﬁr e bur whol world Th y tri d to p , b ut n e ee a n d e n ot n a it had go too d p , th y did k ow wh t to

e o n e a e e w a s a m a n n i n do . At last som s id th r livi g a

u e o f i c e i n th e n u ut o ut the ﬁr e ho s far orth who co ld p ,

e en e e e en a n d e e n n so m ss g rs w r s t , aft r trav li g a lo g dis

‘ ta n ce th ey cam e to the i c e hous e a n d fou n d the Ice Ma n

He e e n n at hom e . was a littl f llow with lo g hair ha gi n g dow n to th e groun d i n two plaits . The m ess engers told “ e e n a n d he n e O es c a n e him th ir rra d at o c said , y , I h lp

a n d e n un . you , b ga to plait his hair Wh en it was o n ce all un braided h e took it up i n o n e

n a n d u n e s th e e n a n d th e ha d str ck it o c acro s oth r ha d , m ess eng e rs f elt the wi n d blow agai n st th e1r ch eeks .

e n e h e an a n d A s co d tim struck his hair across his h d , a Th l ight rai n b ega n to fall . e third tim e he struck his hair across his op en ha n d th ere was sl eet mix ed with 1 84 OC C ON E E C HE E

the a n a n d en h th e u e ea r i drops , wh e struck fo rth tim gr t

a n e e u n th e un a s e ha d e out h ilsto s f ll po gro d , if th y com “

the en o f the a . n o w a the Ice from ds h ir Go back , s id “ M n a n a d b e e e . , I shall th r tomorrow

th e e en e e n e e e e So m ss g rs r tur d to th ir p opl , whom th ey fou n d still gath e red h elpl essly about th e great burn i Th e n n g pit . ext day whil e th ey w ere all gath e re d the fir e e e e n th e n a n d about , th r cam a wi d from orth , e e e e n e e th e th y w r afraid , for th y k w that it cam from I M th n n fi e e th r e . c e a n . But wi d o ly made e e blaz high r Th e n e n th e ee e n light rai b ga to fall , but drops s m d o ly h en h e n e to mak e t e fir e ho tt e r . Th t e show r tur d to a e n ee a n d e th e e a n d h avy rai . with sl t hail that kill d blaz n e r mad e clouds of smok e a d st am ris e from th e ed coals . Th e e e fl ed e e e e a n d the p opl to th ir hom s for sh lt r , storm ros e to a whirlwi n d that drove th e rai n i n to eve ry burn i n e e a n d e e n e e th e e e g cr vic pil d gr at hailsto s ov r mb rs . n h fir w s e a n d e en th e e en u til t e e a d ad v smok e c ased . Wh e a n d the e e e u n e e n at last it was all ov r p opl r t r d , th y fou d e e e th e n n een a n d e a lak wh r bur i g pit had b , from b low e n e n th e Wat e r cam a sou d as of emb rs still crackli g .

- MYTH THIRTY FOUR .

T u el h e H n ter a nd S u .

A hu n ter had been trampi n g ov e r th e mou n ta i n s a l l day n t n n a n e an d en the sun en lo g withou ﬁ di g y gam . wh w t n he ﬁr e i n u a o e a f ew dow , built a a hollow st mp , sw ll w d e a n d n to ee e o ut mouthfuls of corn gru l lay dow sl p , tir d a n d complet ely discouraged .

e B o i e F r n c h r a d R v r , T a h k e o s t e e i t h e M e l o I a o ue . y , n l w n d i n T n g

B r o a d R i v e r .

S p a rk i g g e a mi g i the ight , l n , l n n sunl ” B r t the w ter p re d free . u s s a , u an OC C ON E E C HE E 1 85

About the middl e o f the n ight he drea med an d seemed e the un o f e u n n n n ue to h ar so d b a tiful si gi g, which co ti d n n e ea a n d en e e to di e in u til ar daybr k , th app ar d away th u i r e pp er a . th e n e da h e un e the a e suc All xt y h t d , with s m poor

e a n d n e hi s n e i n the . c ss , at ight mad lo ly camp woods He e a n d th e e n e e a e n b ut sl pt , sam stra g dr am c m agai , n n so vividly that it s eem e d to him like a n actual happ e i g . R o us1n e e e h ea the e g hims lf b for daylight, e still h rd sam o n a n d ee n e n o w w a s e h e en i n s g , f li g sur that it r al , w t th e directio n o f the sou n d a n d fou n d that it cam e from a n n e si gl e gree stalk o f corn ( s l u ) . Th e n e a n d to o ff e pla t spok to him , told him cut som a n d e e e i n th e e e en of its roots tak th m to his hom s ttl m t , “ ” a n d th e n ext morn i n g to ch ew th em a n d g o to wat er e e n n e e e e a n d en o o u t n b for a yo ls was awak , th to g agai n th e a n d h e n ee a n d i to woods , would kill ma y d r , from e i that tim o n would always b e success ful n th e hun t . Th e n n n n e e n un n cor pla t co ti u d to talk , t achi g him h ti g s ecr ets a n d tellin g him to b e always gen e rous with th e e h e n n n a n d the sun w a s gam took , u til it was oo high , wh en it sudden ly took the form o f a woman a n d rose ' e n th e a n d n e e in grac fully i to air was go from sight , l av g

‘ n i th H th e hu n te r alo e n e woods . e return ed hom e a n d a n d th e e e n e h e ha d seen told his story , all p opl k w that f n H th e th e e o . e e S lu , wif Ka ati did as spirit had di r ec ted a n d e w a s n e th e u e , from that tim ot d as most s cc ss i n en ful of all the hu n te rs th e s ettlem t . 1 86 OC C ON E E C HE E

- MYTH THIRTY FIVE .

Th e N un F n ehi a n d Oth er S pi r i t ol ks .

Th e N un n ehi o r s the e e e Immortal , P opl who liv ” e e e e e e a a e o f e e e i n v rywh r , w r r c spirit p opl who liv d the highl a n ds of th e o l d C h erok ee cou n try a n d had a

e n n - es a n d e e o n th e th e gr at ma y tow hous , sp cially tops of

n n th e e e e n o e . bald mou tai s , high p aks wh r timb r grows e e n - u es o n n a n d i n Th y had larg tow ho s Pilot K ob, N ik - W n i n i s n o w a n C un N h asi mou d , what M co o ty , ort C n a n d n e i n n n a n d the e aroli a , a oth r Blood Mou tai , at h ad l e of N o tte y riv e r i n G eorgia . Th ey w re i n visibl e except i n en e n e b e een a n d e e a n d g wh th y wa t d to s , th y look d spok e just like other I n dia n s . Th ey w e re v e ry fo n d of a n d n n a n d n e i n th e un n music da ci g , hu t rs mo tai s would oft en h ear th e da n c e s o n gs a n d th e drum - b eati n g i n som e

n e n - e en e en the i visibl tow hous , but wh th y w t toward sou n d it would shift about a n d th ey would h ear it b e n e o r i n e e e n s o e hi d th m away som oth r dir ctio , that th y n ﬁn d h e e e th e n could ev e r t plac wh re da c e was . e e e en e e a n d en Th y w r a fri dly p opl , too , oft brought lost wan d e re rs to th eir tow n - hous es u n der th e moun n a n d e e e e n e e e e e tai s , car d for th m th r u til th y w r r st d , n a n d guid ed th em back to th eir hom es . Th ere w a s a m a who liv e d i n N o ttel y tow n who had b een with th e N un n ehi en h e u e e e s o l d , wh was a boy abo t tw lv y ar , a n d this i s th e story h e t ells . On e en h e n n e th e e day , wh was playi g ar riv r , shoot i n a n d s n h e e e g at a mark with his bow arrow , u til b cam e a n d e ﬁsh - a i n th e a e tir d , start d to build a tr p w t r \Vhil e h e w a s n th e i n n s pili g up rocks two lo g wall , a m a n cam e a n d stood o n th e ba n k an d ask e d him what h e “ Th m n e i n . e a a s e was doi g said , W ll , th t pr tty hard

1 88 OC C ON E E C HE E

n o e e e a n d wa s the N un n ehi a ha d ou hous th r , it th t y with th em . On ce four N un n ehi wom en came to da n ce a t N ottel v n a n d n e a th e n th e un m en tow , da c d h lf of ight with yo g e e a n d n n e e e e Nun n ehi b ut th r , obody k w that th y w r , n e e en u thought th em visitors from a oth er s ttl m t . Abo t n e e e a n d e m en who ha d mid ight th y l ft to go hom , som com e o u t from th e tow n - hous e to cool o ff watch ed to s ee - e t n which way th ey w en t . Th y saw he wom en go dow th e th e e a s e a e to th e trail to riv r ford , but just th y c m e e e e n wat r th y disapp ar d , although it was a plai trail , with n o place wh e re th ey could hide . Th en th e watch ers n N un n i n m a n k ew that th ey w e re eh . At a oth er tim e a n e N o ttel Hem to w n i n Geo r was crossi g ov r from y to p , a n d e a n d th e n s o f n e i n th e gia , h ard a drum so g da c rs n n h He hills o o e sid e of t e trail . rod e to s ee who could b e n n i n e en h e ea e the da ci g such a plac , but wh r ch d spot th e a n d the n e e e n a n d h e so drum so gs w r b hi d him , was fright en ed that he hurri e d ba ck to th e tra il a n d rode a l l th e way to Hem p to w n as hard as h e could to tell the H m a n e e a n a e . story . w s a truthful d th y beli ev d him A lo n g tim e ago a m an got lost i n the moun tai n s n ea r th e e O n ee e a n d w a s e a n d h ad of co aluft riv r , it v ry cold hi s e n he b e en ea fri ds thought that must froz to d th , but h e was tak en to a cav e by the N u n n ehi a n d giv en som e n ea t a n d en th e e e w a s e ea n thi g to . wh w ath r mor pl sa t th ey co n ducte d him to the mai n trail a n d s en t him o n n n h hom e to th e eighbors i t e valley b elow . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 89

- E MYTH THIRTY FIV .

Th R m v ed Town - h ou e e o s e .

n a o e e th e C e ee e e en e Lo g g , b for h rok w r driv from th ir e i n 1 8 8 th e e e o n e e a n d a ee hom s 3 , p opl Vall y riv r Hiw ss h eard voices o f i n visibl e spirits calli n g th em from the e a n d n n e a n d un e ski s , war i g th m of wars misfort s which the u e e i n e a n d n n e to e an d fut r h ld stor , i viti g th m com e the N un n ehi the i n e e liv with , Immortals , th ir hom s h n n a n h u n der t e mou tai s d u n de r t e wate rs . For days the e n i n the a n d th e e e en e n voic hu g air , p opl list d u til “ e ea th e e o u e th y h rd voic say , If y would liv with us , gath e r eve ry o n e i n your to wn - hous e a n d fast the re sev en a n d n o o n e u e s o r i n days , m st rais a hout a warwhoop l a n a n d ou a l that time . Do this d w e will com e y shall ” see us a n d w e shall tak e yo u to liv e with us . The e e e e th e e e e o e p opl w r afraid of vils that w r to c m , a n d th ey kn ew that the Immortals of the mou n tai n s an d the e e e e e e c o un cil ed i n of wat rs w r happy for v r , so th y

- e e their tow n hous e a n d d cide d to go with them . Thos o f An i sg aya yi to w n cam e all togethe r i n to th eir tow n n d a n n he s v hous e a prayed d fasted for six days . O t e en th e e n o the n n n day th r was a sou d fr m dista t mou tai s , a n d it cam e n eare r a n d grew louder u n til a roar o f thu n der was all about th e tow n - hous e a n d th ey f elt the groun d d e un e . N o w e e e en e a n shak all aro d th m th y w r fright d , e h e n f e e d spit e t warn i g som e o th m scr a m ed o ut. The N un n ehi ha d ea e the n , who al r dy lift d up tow se its n a e e e hou with mou d to c rry it away , w r startl d by the n a n d l et a o f to th e n e e sou d part it fall grou d , wh r n h n s w e o w s ee t e mou d S et i . They stea died th em selves a ga i n a n d bore the rest of the n - use the e e i n to the to o f tow ho , with all p opl it , p 1 9 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

Tsu da el un i n e th e ea C h eo wa e e w e c an y y , ar h d of , wh r s ee n e n b ut th e e e still it , cha g d lo g ago to solid rock , p opl r a n a e i n vi sibl e d immorta l .

IX MYTH THIRTY S .

Th e S i r t D e en r o N i kw a si p i f d e s f .

Lo n g ago a pow e rful u n k n ow n trib e in vad ed th e cou n the e n e e a n d e n try from south ast , killi g p opl d stroyi g e e en e en N o e e s n s ttl m ts wh reve r th ey w t . l ad r could ta d n e a n d i n e e e e agai st th m , a littl whil th y had wast d all th e low er s ettl em en ts a n d advan ced i n to th e mou n tai n s . The the n N ikw a s i o n th e e o f warriors of old tow of , h ad e en n e ee e e e e a n d e Littl T ss , gath r d th ir wiv s th ir chil dren i n to th e tow n - hous e a n d k ept scouts co n sta n tly o n th e lookout for th e pres en c e of dan ge r On e n n u e e th e e the e mor i g , j st b for br ak of day , spi s s a w th e en emy approachi n g a n d at o n c e gav e th e al a rm . The N ikw a s i m en s eiz ed th eir arms a n d rush ed o ut to ee th e e n e un m t attack , but aft r a lo g , hard ﬁght th y fo d e e e e e e a n d e n e e en su d th ms lv s ov rpow r d b ga to r tr at , wh d en l y a stran ger stood amo n g th em a n d shout ed to th e chi e f to call o ff hi s m en a n d h e hims elf would drive th e n e th e e a n d th e n e o f he e my back . From dr ss la guag t stra n ge r th e Nikw a s i p eople thought him a chi e f who had com e with rei n forc em en ts from Overhill s ettlemen t s e n h nd i n en n e ee . e a t e a T ss Th y f ll back lo g trail , as th ey cam e n ear th e tow n - hou se th ey s a w a grea t com pa n y of warriors comi n g o ut from the sid e o f th e moun d a s fro m a n open doorway .

t h x F r o m e T o a w a y .

L f aom o u s a ﬂ ies the v l e of owers , i k S pl end d v a l le y of pin b eds .

i e To C h m n y p Ga p . OC C ON E E C HE E 1 9 1

en e n e a e en e e th e Nun n ehi Th th y k w th t th ir fri ds w r , th e s n o o n e e e e e Immortal , although had v r h ard that th y e n e N ik a si n Th N un n ehi e liv d u d r w mou d . e pour d out n e a e a n d n e th e a n d th e by hu dr ds , rm d pai t d for fight , most curious part of it all was that th ey b ecam e i n visibl e n e e e e th e e e en so as soo as th y w r fairly outsid of s ttl m t , that although th e en emy saw th e glan ci n g arrow o r th e n a n d e th e e h e n o t s ee rushi g tomahawk , f lt strok , could n who s e t it . B e fore such a n i n visibl e f o e th e i n vad ers h a d to r e e n n th e e to e e n tr at , g oi g first south alo g ridg wh r joi s the n e e a e - kee- - tee en mai ridg , which s p rat s Tah os ( Fr ch th e Tu c k a sei ee a n d en u n n Broad ) from g , th t r i g with it th e n e e e e e to orth east . As th y r tr at d th y tried to shi eld e e e e n a n d ee b u t the N u n n ehi th ms lv s b hi d rocks tr s , ar rows w en t arou n d th em a n d kille d th em from the oth er e a n d e u fin d n o n e sid , th y co ld hidi g plac . n the e e e n en e e e All alo g ridg th y f ll , u til wh th y r ach d the h ead of Tuc k a s eig ee n o t more tha n half a doz en e e e e a n d i n e e e sa t n a n d w r l ft aliv , th ir d spair th y dow e e The N u n n ehi e e cri d out for m rcy . chi f told th m that th ey d e s erv e d th eir pu n ishm en t for attacki n g a p eace ful e a n d h e e e e a n d e e trib , spar d th ir liv s told th m to go hom n e h n a d t ell th eir p opl e . It was t e custom of th e I dian s e e th e n e o f n e to spar som to carry ws battl e a d d f eat . en th e Nu n n ehi en th e n a n d e Th w t back to mou d , hav e e n been th re v e r si ce . e a r e e e n o w en n a F d Th y th r , for wh a stro g rmy of e e ral troop s cam e to surpris e a ha n dful of C o n f ed er e i n th e e s o n e u n at s last war , th y saw ma y soldi rs g ardi g th e tow n that th ey w ere afraid a n d w en t away without n n maki g a attack . 1 92 OC C ON E E C HE E

- MYTH THIRTY SE VE N .

Ka n as a th e L t t t S e . , os t l em en t

n e th e e e e i n the n Lo g ago , whil p opl still liv d old tow Ka n a sta o n - kee - —tee en a of , Toh os , ( Fr ch Bro d ) two n e e i n n o f e en the e stra g rs , who look d way di f r t from oth r C e ee e n th e e e en o n e a n d e h rok , cam i to s ttl m t day mad ’ e n h th ir way i to t e chi e f s hous e . e th e ee n e e e th e e s e Aft r ﬁrst gr ti gs w r ov r , chi f a k d e n e e n n e e e th m from what tow th y cam , thi ki g th y w r “ o n e the e e n e e en e We from of w st r s ttl m ts , but th y said , a r e e e a n d n e n of your p opl our tow is clos at ha d , but n e a n you hav e eve r s e n it . H ere you have wars d sick n e e n e e o n e e e a n d e e ss , with mi s v ry sid , aft r awhil a stro n ge r en emy will com e a n d tak e your coun try from

o u . We a r e a n d w e e e n e y always happy , hav com to i vit ” e i n n e e e a n d e you to liv with us our tow ov r th r , th y n e T l a n w n o t poi t d toward s u w a te d ( Pilot K ob ) . e do e e e a n d d o n o t ﬁn d e en w e liv for v r , always gam wh go e e n to Tsu l k a l u e i n for it . for gam b lo gs , who liv s su n e u n i w e e e e a n d n o t n T g y , but hav p ac always do thi k n W o n o w e e e . e e of da g r g , but if your p opl will liv with u s l et e e en a n d w e e en a n d , th m fast s v days will com th ” tak e th em .

Th en th ey w en t away toward th e w est . The chi e f e th e e e e e n th e n - e a n d e call d p opl tog th r i to tow hous , th y h eld a cou n cil ov er th e matt e r a n d de cid ed at la st to h n e go with t e stra g rs . They got all o f th eir prop erty e n a n d en en n n th e n r ady for movi g , th w t agai i to tow n e i x n hous e a d b ega n th e ir fa st . Th y fast ed s days a d o n the n n o f th e e en e e et the su n w a s mor i g s v th , b for y e ea n n a n th e high , th y saw a gr t compa y comi g lo g trail the e l ed the m en who ha d e from w st , by two stopp d

1 94 OC C ONE E C HE E a n d talk with yo u ; a n d th en if yo u w an t to live with us a n e en a a n d w e e a n d a e , fast ag i s v d ys , will com t k ” en the l ed th m a n u h e you . Th chi e f e thro gh t e ca v the e th e un n a n d e e e b ut to outsid of mo tai l ft him th r , en th e m an e h e sa w n o e b ut n th e wh look d back cav , o ly Th e e the e en e n e solid rock . p opl e of Lost S ettl m t w re ev r n n n d e r e i n i n Ta t l d see agai a th y a st ll livi g uwa e a . n e n en e e s o th e C e ee n Stra g thi gs happ th r , that h rok k ow that th e mou n tai n i s hau n t e d a n d do n o t like to g o n ea r On f ew e un e a e it . ly a y ars ago a party of h t rs c mp d e e a n d a s e sa t un e ﬁr e e e th r , th y aro d th ir at supp r tim th ey talk ed o f th e story a n d made rough jokes of th e Ka n a a n e e e a u e p eopl e of old st . That ight th y w r ro s d from sl eep by a n oi se as of sto n e s throw n at th em from n th e ee en e e e e u ﬁn d amo g tr s , but wh th y s arch d th y co ld a n d e e s o en e e e e u n obody , w r fright d that th y gath r d p th eir gu n s a n d pouch e s a n d le ft th e pla ce .

E MYTH THIRTY IGHT .

m - r r H e p C a r i e .

O n the e n e o f th e e n th e a south r slop ridg , alo g tr il from n e e e i n C e ee C n N Robbi svill to Vall y riv r , h rok ou ty , orth n a r h C e t e e n n e n e a n . aroli a , r mai s of a umb r of sto c ir s The e a r e e e n o w ea th e n e pil s l v l , but ﬁfty y rs ago sto s e e e e i n e e C e w r still h ap d up pyramids , to which v ry h ro k e n h ee who pass ed add ed a sto n . Accordi g to t e tra di tio n th e s e pil es mark e d th e grav es of a n umb er o f wom en a n d children o f th e trib e who w e re su rprise d a n o n the spot by a raidin g party o f

1 96 OC C ON E E C HE E

a n d e e l h t a n d a e n n e a n d an a e to et w r ig ctiv ru rs , m g d g h e n n m n Th e o t e away with t loss of o ly o e a . e r st g hom e a n d the e e e e s o e e e e saf ly , p opl w r w ll pl as d with H mp ’ C arri er s brav ery a n d s ucc ess that th ey gav e him s even wives .

C h i m n e y R o c k . L 1 k e a mo nol ith it rises T o a grand m a jestic height . PART IV

G LO SSARY OF C HER O KEE

WO R D S

zoo OC C ON E E C HE E

ﬁ a i n s top . c a s n i rul e .

s a s i n cut:

) g m {1 n a salized . i a i s n wit . i w a s n you . c a a e s e es n ca n the a slight spir t , om tim i di ti g n e omissio of a vow l . n e E n s e e en es umb r of glish words , with cros r f r c , ee n u n th b n i trod ced i to e glo s sa ry .

‘ ‘ a da l a n un s i— aff r n e t a st o ca . ‘ a da n ta— u so l . ‘ a d a w ehi— m a 1 1an u e n u n a g c or s p r a t ra l bei g . ‘ ‘ — a da w ehi yu a v e ry great magici a n ; i n ten siv e form o f ‘ d a ehi a w .

‘ — n a ga n a grou dhog . ‘ ‘ " ‘ A a n sta ta— n - au a e a an a un g grou dhog s s g , from g , g ro d ‘ “ ” a n d ts i sta u a m n n n e s to hog , , I pou di g it , u d r tood e i h v e e n n etc . n e a r f r to pou di g m at, , a mortar , aft r i n e e the ﬁr e . e g ﬁrst crisp d it b fore A war chi f , n e i n the C e ee w a r I 60 a n d n en ot d h rok of 7 , promi t n the e th e e u n n n u til about clos of R vol tio , k ow to h o n o s t h e e n e t e whit es a s O c to a . Also t e C h rok e am C n e e n a n o f the wa r o f 1 8 1 2 for olo l Gid o Morg , n n n hi s s on o f the C for Washi g to Morga , , ivil a n d n ow a - u n th e e e a war , for full blood po r s rv

n n n the es a s n C a n . tio , k ow to whit Morga lhou ‘ ‘ —" ’ ” ‘ n - un i tsi un - s e a ana a n d A ga Gro d hog moth r, from g ‘ ‘ u n i tsi e e a o f n s hi s e , th ir moth r , plur l t i , moth r ‘ ‘ h e e s a its i e . T e C e ee n a ( t i , g , my moth r) h rok m the n e who n to a of Shawa o captiv , , accordi g tr di n kil l e d th e ea Ukten a se en a n d u e tio , gr t rp t proc r d ‘ u i the Ul n su t . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 0 1

‘ A aw e l a Ol d n a u s n a e f o r n g Woma , form li tic m cor h n or t e spirit cor . ‘ a a un l i— un l i l d n en a a e o . g y for g y g , , a ci t ‘ ‘ a i da ta— e eda a g s e t . ‘ a i dutu— e u g see du t . ’ He i s s n a n a n o f an ol d Agi li ri i g, possibly co tr ctio ‘ ’ “ - - e n n e . n a n a n . p rso al am Agi gi li , Risi g f w e e e s n o f e a n d Major G org Lawr y , cou i S quoya , 1 assista n t chi e f of the C h erokee Natio n about 84 0 . “ ” n e n e a es ee - Sta l y i corr ctly m k it K th la , or Dog ' ‘ f o r gi li . ‘ ‘ i n i— i a g s s ee en s i . ‘ i s — e a i e e a a u e s . g f mal , appli d usu lly to qu dr p d ‘ ‘ —“ “ - e w e e a e ea Do e . Agis g a Gr at F m l , possibly Gr t e n a n n o d n e i n th e A b i g , probably a imal g i vok d e sacr d formulas . ‘ ‘ a i t i —e g s s e etsi . ’ ‘ “ A itsta ti i— e e e a e a l l n g y wh r th y st y d up ight , from ‘ “ ts i itsun tihu l l n a a n . a e i g , I st y up ight A pl c th e Gr eat Smoky ra n ge about th e h ead of Nola n d i n ee n C un N C . cr k , Swai o ty , . A u u i r i—s e a u i g a q e Gu q l i . ‘ ‘ n u Ah a l un u n i u a e o r Ahalu a Amb sh y , Amb sh pl c , ‘ ‘ ” Un i ha l u n a e e e a e , wh r th y mbush d , from ‘ “ ” k l u a h a a n . a t t e e g , I am watchi g Soco gap , h ad o f ee o n th e n e e een n a n d Soco cr k , li b tw Swai

n . h n e N . C T e a e a Haywood cou ti s , m is also p e the n ee n e pli d to lookout statio for d r hu t rs . ‘ “ ” ‘ a h a n u l hi— h e ha n u l a e e a a hu e . is b ard d , from , a b ard ‘ ‘ ” Ahu l u de i He th e u g throws away drum ( habit al ) , ‘ ‘ “ a hu l i a n d a kwa de u from , drum , g , I am throw ” i n n e Th e e n g it away ( rou d obj ct ) . C h rok ee am e o f n n e e a n d e e Joh Jolly , a ot d chi f adopt d fath r f e n 1 8 o u 0 0 . Samu l Housto , abo t 2 0 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ah el i s ki—a e r y mock r o mimic . ‘ ‘ —e e a akta y ; plural , dikt ‘ a kta ti—a e Th n e en e tel scop e or ﬁ eld gla ss . e am d ot s som ethi n g with which to exa mine o r look i n to ‘

e e e . clos ly , from akta , y ’ ‘ a kw a n du l i—a n f o r akwi du l i - hu an so g form , ) I w t

it . ' ‘ Ak a n k — e An k w i s e a wa n ki .

’ ‘ Akw e ti i—a n o n u a se e e i n a s n y locatio T ck g e riv r, J ck o n N C n th e ean n o f th e n a e cou ty , orth aroli a ; m i g m

is lo st . —s e Y a l a i Alarka e g . ‘ a —th e r ed - ﬁsh M ox o o a alig hors e ( s t m ) . ‘ — Al ki n i th e last woma n kn ow n to b e o f Natch ez decen t a n d p eculiarity amon g th e E a st C h erokee ; di ed

1 8 0 Th n ha n o a en n n . about 9 . e am e s ppa r t m ea i g ‘ ‘ ‘ - i m n h a a sa . ama w a t e r ; t e Low er dia lect aw a ; cf . lt ‘ “ ‘ ‘ am a e hi— e n i n th e a e a m a a a y dw lli g w t r , from ( m yi , “i ” ‘ “ ” “ ” n th e a e a n d eh u e e . w t r ) , I dw ll , I liv ' ‘ “ ” ' Am a e l - e — ea s an om am a e l i i s an d y gwa Gr t i l d, fr y , l ‘ ' ” a m a a e a n d a e i n the e ( from , w t r, y li , middl ) ‘ a n d e C e e s e en e w . e e e g a , gr at A form r h rok ttl m t o n e en n e ee e s an a s Littl T ss riv r, at Big i l d , hort n e e th e u o f e i n n e dista c b low mo th T llico , Mo ro Mi l uo n en n . e e e a a cou ty, T Timb rlak writ s it q , a il a u No t o e c o n whil e B rtram spells it N q e . t b fou n ded with Lo n g- Isla n d tow n below C h at

ta n o og a . ' ‘ ’ Am a e l i - u n ahi ta n - s a n m am a e l i y g Lo g i l d, fro y , ‘ i ee a n a n d un a h ta n . e C e isl d , g , lo g A form r h rok e e en n n th e es a s n - s an s ttl m t , k ow to whit Lo g I l d n a t th e n - s a n i n en n essee e o n tow , Lo g i l d T riv r, e- s n o f the the Ten n e s se Georgi a li n e . It wa o e ‘ e i m C hicka ma uga tow n s ( s e Ts ka a g i ) .

2 0 4 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ - — An i a e a e s th e C n a ee . Gili probl m tic trib , po sibly o g r ‘ ‘ h n T e n o t n n e e do . e am is co ct d with gi li , g ‘ ‘ ‘ i - —s A i u An Gu sa ee n K sa . ‘ ‘ ‘ a n i wa—s n a e di n e tl a n a a n i wa s n a e the g oo ft r ; g , oo ft r ” e n cr a tio . ‘ ‘ ‘ - l A i ik s i n . n n H un t w a a k Th e e . e e y Thu d rs , i , thu d r, i n C e ee e e n e a n d use which h rok b li f , is co troll d ca d a f e n Th e e by a f mily o s up r atura ls . e word has r f r ‘ ikw l e l u a en e n n n . t a c to maki g a rolli g sou d ; cf , ‘ “ ee en e a n - tikw a l el un i n wh l , h c wago ; ama y , rolli g ” e e e a a e e e th e e wat r plac , appli d to a c sc d wh r wat r ‘ ‘ falls alo n g th e surface of th e roc k ; a hyun tikwa l a ‘ “ s tihu i s n e n a e the a o f a , it thu d ri g, ppli d to ro r

railroad trai n or waterfall . ‘ ‘ “ ” An i — ee eo e o n e o f th e e en C e ee Kawi D r p pl , s v h rok ' ‘ n h u f r ee s i cla s ; t e reg lar form o d r i a w . ‘ ‘ ‘ An i - Ka wi ta—th e e C ee Kawi ta o r Low r r ks, from C e e e n n o n C ow ta , th ir form r pri cipal tow hatta h e e t n a h o o c ee n a he e e C u u G . riv r r pr s t ol mb s , ; the Upp er C r eeks o n the h ea d str eams of Al abama ‘ ‘ A - e n e a n i u . riv r w er e disti guish d s K sa ( q v . ) A sm a ll creek o f Littl e T en n es see riv e r above l n n i n n n N C . i s n o w n n Fra k i , Maco cou ty , . , k ow e a as C o w et creek . ‘ ‘ —“ ‘ ‘ An i - Kitu hw a i Kitu hw a e e Kitu hw a g p opl , from

a n an en C e ee e e en . ( q . ci t h rok s ttl m t ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ — An i - a An i - G the C ee n a n s u a Ku s or u sa r k I di , partic l rly th e Upp e r C reeks o n th e w a t ers o f Al abama riv e r ; ‘ ‘ n A Ku s a o r C an C a C a si gular oosa ( Sp ish , oc , oss ) n n n n th eir pri cipal a ci e t tow . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ An i - n An i - n o r n e N Kuta i ( also Kwata i , i corr ctly, ico — ta n i ) tra ditio n a l C h erok ee pri estly society o r n e n e i n u a u n cla ext rmi at d a pop l r prisi g . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 0 5

‘ ‘ a n i na hil ida hi e u e a ﬂ ts i n a i l i cr at r s th t y about , from , “ ‘ ‘ “ ” i i n ts n a l i da hu a u . I am , I am ﬂyi g bo t

The gen eric term for birds a n d ﬂyi n g i n s ects . ‘ ' ’ A - - - n i N a e e An i n ts i s n u a A Na s . tsi abbr viat d , i g l r t i

’ Th n n n en e e N atch ez I dia s . From coi cid c with ‘ n n e the n e ha s een n e r en a tsi , pi , am b i corr ctly “ ” e e n e n a n e e i s e C he d r d Pi I di s , wh r as it r ally a e rok ee pl ural n am e o f th e N a tch z . ‘ ‘ ’ A i i—s An a ts i n n ts ee i N .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ An i N un d aw e i— n u a Nun d aw e i th e u s g si g l r , g ; Iroq oi , e the en e N un daw a o mor particularly S ca , from , h n th n e e e t e am e by which e S e ca call th ms lves . An n e h The w Adair sp ells it a to o a . trib e a s a lso ‘ ‘ n n An i —e n a k ow as S ik . ‘ ‘ — An i - Saha n i o n e of the seven C h erok ee clan s ; possibly “ ” ' ‘ a n a a f o r u e e sa a n rch ic form Bl e p opl , from k i ,

blu e . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ - A - - A - i An i n n i S a w a ha n i see n i Sa w a n u . Sa i , g ‘ ‘ ‘ — An i - S a w a n u g i ( si n gular S a w a n u g i ) the Sh a wan o In ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ n An i - n a n d An i - S a wah a n i b e the di a s . sa i may

sa m e . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ A - e — An i un a i n i S n ika see N d w e g . ‘ ‘ —“ An i sg a ya Tsun sdi ( g a ) The Littl e Men th e Th un e d er Boys i n C h rok ee mythology . ‘ “ ” An i - s a a i i —M en n P a n C e ee g y y tow ( ) , traditio al h rok e e en o n e e i n C e ee un s ttl m t Vall y riv r , h rok co ty ,

N orth C a roli n a . ‘ ‘ — ’ A i s i n s i n a . n a a . g plural of g , q v ‘ ‘ — ‘ An i - Ska l a l i th e n n n u a Ska l a l i Tuscarora I dia ; si g l r , ‘ - ka l l or A S a i . A ‘ ‘ — A k ‘ n i skw a n i n s s n s w a n i . Spa iard ; i gular , ‘ ‘ — ‘ ‘ An i - a o r An i - a —the a a a a o r Suw li q la Su l , S r e n an e a u the e e C h raw I di s, form rly bo t h adwat rs 2 0 6 OC C ONE E C HE E

o f a e N C a n a the Kua a n ce Bro d riv r, orth roli , l p rovi o f th e D n e a n d a a o r ua da o f e Soto chro icl , Jo r J t e h e lat r Pa rdo n arra tive . ‘ ‘ ‘ An i ta wa—th e C n n s n Ata wa o r g atawba I dia ; si gular , g

Tagwa . ‘ ‘ An i - Ts a uhi—th e C e ee n n e e g h rok cla , tra sform d to b ars ’ n n e au e e accordi g to traditio . Swimm r s d ght r b ars th e n e Tsa uhi n o t e n e di s am g , which is r cog iz d as l x ti n c ti v e y b elo n gi n g to either se . ‘ ‘ ‘— - An i Tsa lagi th e C he rok ee . ‘ ’ ' i - —th n a n n u a s a An a e C a s a . Ts ta hoct w I di s ; i g l r , T t ‘ ‘ — ‘ - An i Tsi k su th e C n n n Tsi ksu . hickasaw I dia s ; si gular , ‘ ‘ —“ ” An i - Ts i s kw a Bird p eo pl e ; o n e of th e sev en C he ro

k ee clan s .

‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ An i —Ts u tsa —Th e a ts u tsa b o the Boys , from , y ;

Pl eiades . ‘ ‘ —“ An i - Wa di Pai n t peopl e o n e of the s even C h erok ee

clan s . ‘ ’ ‘ An i - Wa dihi Place of th e Pa i n t p e opl e o r clan Pa i n t n C e ee e e en o n e ee tow , a h rok s ttl m t low r Soco cr k , withi n th e res e rvatio n i n Jackso n a n d Swa i n cou n e h e e N C n . n e t ti s , orth aroli a It tak s its am from ‘ ‘ A - n i Wa di or Pai n t cla n . ‘ ‘ a n i w a n i ski—the e ee L co us vi r i n i cus bugl w d, y p g ; lit “ ” “ ” ‘ er a l l th e e s tsiwa n ihu y, talk or talk r , from , “ ” i i “ ” n a w a n sk h e u . I am talki g , , talks habit ally ‘ ‘ ‘ - i - An i Wa sa s th e O e n n n Wa sa s i . sag I dia s ; si gular , ‘ ‘ ” An i - Wa ya Wolf p eople ; the most importa n t of the

e l . e e s ven c ai ms of th e C h roke . ‘ ‘ ‘ An i - Y un w i a — n a n s C e ee n n y I di , particularly h rok I dia s ” e n a e eo e un wi lit rally pri cip l or r al p pl , from y , e n f n n e a n d p rso , ya , a su ﬁx implyi g pri cipal or r al , ‘

a n i the a e . , trib l pr ﬁx ‘ ‘ An i - Y u tsi —the u o r e n n n Y chi Uche I dia s ; si gular , ‘ i Y u ts .

2 0 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ a sun tl i a sun tl un u—a o r e e a l o , y footlog bridg ; lit r lly , g ” ‘ n l a a o . lyi g across , from si t , g ‘ ‘ “ a - k a t a a a n . e . o a c f . wood ; t y , pri cipal wood , i , ;

ee . Muscog iti , wood ‘ ‘ Ata - a —a n e C e e e ec n ze th gul k lu ot d h rok e chi f, r og i d by e “ British gov e rn m en t as the h ead chi e f or emp eror th e N n 1 60 a n d a e a n d com of atio , about 7 l t r , m o n l y k n ow n to the whites a s th e Littl e C a r en ter e C o r n l a n ter a e i n Ha p ( Littl p , by mist k , y Th n en e wood ) . e am e i s frequ tly spell d Atta

- - kul l kul l - ul l l m a a a c cu a . kulla kulla , Ata or Ata It y “ ‘ “ b e en e e ea n n a ta r d r d L i g wood , from , Wood a n d u e n s e n n gul kal , a v rb implyi g that om thi g lo g e n n u f en a n s e is l a i g , witho t su ﬁci t support , gai st om e e h a n o e a oth r obj ct ; it s ﬁrst p rs on form . B rt “ ram d escrib es him a s A m a n o f rema rkably u e en e a n d o f a e e e the small stat r , sl d r d licat fram , o n ly i n stan ce I saw i n the N a tio n ; b u t h e is a m a n ” o f sup erior a biliti es . ‘ A — n n ta g w a a C a tawba I dia . ‘ ‘ Ata hi ta— e e Ata hitun i a e h e e abbr viat d from y , Pl c w r ‘ ‘ “ ” e e a ta hi u an d i th y shout d , from g , I shout , y , th e f n a e . o n e e o loc tiv Waya gap , ridg w st Fra k l n h m i n a n n N C a a . T e a , M co cou ty , orth roli p h n e t e C e ee w a . am is probably from h rok ya , wolf ‘ ‘ A - K l l a kul l —se - a ta u a e Ata gul k lu . ‘ ‘ — n n i n th e e e a hen e the a tali mou tai Low r dial ct tari , w c “ ” e e f Th e Otta re or Upp r C h rok ee o Adair . form ‘ a ta li is u sed o n ly i n compositio n ; a n d mo un tai n ‘ i l un i r u s i n situ s a ta y o g at i . ‘ ‘ “ - — i t s the n n . e . n a n a tali guli climb mou tai , i , mou t i e th e n en n Gi ns en ui n n e climb r gi s g pla t , g q q ‘ ‘ “ ol i um a un a n a n d u f ; from tali , mo t i , g li , it ” ‘ ‘ “ a ua ts il ahi o r s am climbs ( h bit lly) ; t ili , I OC C ON E E C HE E 9 9 9

n i n h e u a s . s a e t e climbi g Al o c ll d sacr d form l , ‘ ‘ “ ” Y i sdi m a u n w U e n . , Littl ‘ ‘ “ ‘ ” Ata l a n uwa - Tl a n uwa hol e ; the C h erok ee n am e o f ‘ C h n en n e see s ee tsa ta n u i atta ooga , T s ( g ) ; orig i n a l l y appli ed to a bluff o n th e south side of th e T en n ess ee riv er, at the foot o f the p r es en t ' Ma r ket ee str t . ‘ ‘ a ta l ul u —un ﬁn i s hed e u e n u e s u en e , pr mat r , u s cc s f l ; wh c l ‘l “ uta u i i s n o t et e . , it y tim ‘ ‘ — Ata l un ti ski a chi e f o f the Arka n sa s C h erok ee about 1 8 1 8 who n a e e en n es , had origi lly migrat d from T s The n e n s e To l l un eesk e ee . e t e am , commo ly p ll d , l un ti ki l l i ske T l l ke en Ta s Ta ot e a o tu s e etc . e , , , , d ot s o n e e n e a e who throws som livi g obj ct from a pl c , en a s a n emy from a precipice . ‘ — ‘ A ta ri s ee a ta li . ‘ ‘ i — - a ta s a n a e a u . atasi ( or , a di l ctic form ) war cl b

‘ ‘ “ ” ki— n n a ta tsun s n e he . sti gi g ; lit rally , sti gs ( habitually ) ‘ s —th e C e ee n e n o n e o f the ea r A t i h rok am of Joh Arch , e li est n a tive writ rs i n the S equoya charact ers . The word is s imply a n attempt at the E n glish n am e Arch . ‘ ‘ t i l —ﬁr i n h e i r a a s a e t e a e a ts . ; Low r di l ct , ‘ ‘ —“ Atsi l a - wa i Fire a moun ta in som etim es kn own as esn a e n two es n e s o f Rattl k k ob , about mil orth a t

C e ee a n un N . C . h rok , Sw i co ty , ‘ ‘ —“ Atsil - dihye g i Fire- C ar rier a pparen tly th e C h ero k o h - - - A i u ee n am e f r t e will o f the wisp . s s us ally the a e i n the C e ee un s the e a c s h rok compo d , v rb l “ form is plural ( it carri es th e si n gular i h ‘ i form s a ye g . ‘ ‘ — Ats il - sun ti ( abbrevi a ted t sil - su nti ) fleab an e ( E r ig er on “ ca n a d ens e ) ; th e n am e sign ifi es mat erial with ” ‘ to a e fir e a tsi l a fir e a n d a sun ti which m k , from , , g , OC C ON E E C HE E

a ts un ti o r a tl un ti e a to a e g g ) , mat ri l with which m k ‘ ‘ e n f a sun sku o r atl un sku som thi g, from ( g ) , I ” ‘

h ih a . mak e it . T e pla n t is a lso called ya g ‘ ‘ ” t il - l un tu ts i ﬁ - n e e a e r . s t r e p a th r . A m teor o com t ‘ ‘ n —e A tsi a c dar . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ n - k n n e a a e a s n a A tsi a ta um Ha gi g c d r pl c from t i , ‘ “ ” e a n d a un e e n an n c dar , k t , wh r it ( lo g) h g s dow ; a C he rok ee n ame for the o l d Ta skig i tow n o n the n e i n un n n e en e e e n e e . Littl T ss riv r Mo ro co ty , T ‘ ‘ t i r a—s ee t l A s a s i a .

‘ ‘ ‘ Atsun s ta ti yi ( abbreviat ed Atsun sta ti ) Fi r e- light “ a e e e n th e ﬁr e - un n e o f pl c , r f rri g to h ti g m thod T killi n g dee r i n th e riv er at n ight . he prop er form C e a ee e n e n e i n n for h st t riv r , ar Dahlo ga , Lumpki

un Ga . co ty , ‘ At k l l —s - ta ul a kul a ee Ata g ul kalu . ‘ — ‘ awa sec a m a ‘ a w a hil i—e e A uil a C h r s a etus n agl ; particularly q y , disti “ ” s - g u i hed as th e pretty f ea the re d eagl e . ‘ awi -d eer ; also som etim es writt en a n d pro n oun ced ‘ ahawi ; the n am e is som etimes appli ed to the la rge h n n e ee e t e e er . hor d b tl , ﬂyi g stag of arly writ s ‘ ‘ “ ” - l i— e awi a ha n u ah goat ; lite rally b arde d d eer . ‘ ‘ “ ” - a h el i ski— ee e th e ee e o f awi y d r mock r d r bl at , a sort whistl e us ed by hu n t ers to call th e d o e by imitat i n n g the cry o f the faw . ‘ ‘—“ awi - akta deer eye the R ud b ec ki a or black - eyed n S usa . ‘ ‘ ‘ —e e e a w - e w —th e el k e a awi gwa ( abbr viat d g a ) , lit r lly “ ” e great d e r . ‘ ‘ - - e awi un a de n a sh eep ; lit erally woolly d e r . ‘ ‘ “ ” Awi Us di — e ee the e o f the ee Littl D r, mythic chi f D r e trib . ‘ b — x An n i e see a a . A , S d yi

2 1 2 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ ea Th e—s e Un l i Br dth , e ta . ‘ ‘ e n—s e K n u l i Bri rtow e a g u a y . ‘ uf ee —see Y u n a i B falo ( cr k ) s . ‘ - e —s ee Sukw a l n a Bull H ad e . ‘ ‘ u e n— - i s e a n u a s ta . B tl r , Joh e Ts g

’ ‘ C a e — d s C ove see Ts iya hi . f —J ‘ C a n aca u ht C a n a ca u ht the ea C n e m e n g g , gr t o jur r , ti on ed a s a Low er C herokee chi e f i n 1 684 ; poss ibly ‘ k n w a t th e - n e a e i e a n a . g , wat r mocc si s k ‘ ‘ C a n a l — e hi i n l ii y s e g a . ‘ C a n a a u a—s n s s g ee Ga a g i . ‘ a n n io n s — a C a s t n , C a n o tee see Ka n a s t . ‘ a n u —s C g a ee Kan u ga . ‘ ‘ a r t — a t i C o o g a ja s ee G tu g i s e y . ‘ C a ta l u chee—s e a a l u si e G d t .

C u —a e a en i n the C e ee un a chi plac , ppar tly h rok co ty ,

visited by Pardo i n 1 567 . — C a un a s a i ta given as the n ame of a Low er C hi e f in ‘ “ ”

1 68 Ka n un si ta . 4 ; possibly for , dogwood ‘ ha l a e— e C qu se Ts a la gi . ‘ — u i C hatta n ooga see Tsa ta n g . ‘ h — e i C hatto o a C atu a s e Tsatu . g , g g ‘ —s s i a hi C heeo wh ee ee T y . ‘ —s C h eer a ke ee Tsa lagi . ‘ ‘ — A - C h eraw s ee n i Suw a li . — i ‘ C h eo w a see Ts ya hi . — ‘ i C heo w a Maximum s ee S chwa te y . — ‘ C h er a qui s ee Tsa lagi . ‘ —s a a C h erok ee e e Ts l gi . — ‘ ‘ C h estatee see Atsun sta ti yi . — ‘ i C hestua s ee Ts i stu y . ‘ ‘ — a m i C h eucun sen e s ee Tsi k a g . ‘ — l e C hilhowee see Tsu un w . OC C ONE E C HE E 2 1 3

‘ ‘ C n e s—se Dun i sk a un him y Top e w lg i . — C hisca m en tio n ed i n th e De Soto n arra tives a s a m i n i n e n i n th e e n Th e n a e g r gio e C h rok e cou try . m ‘ ” e n n e n Ts i skwa os may hav a co ctio with , bird , p ‘ “ ” i l Ts i k a hi e s b s w a . y , Bird pl c ‘ s — s s C ho a tea see T i tu yi . ‘ ‘ a k—s Di a l u tun i C hopp ed O ee g ya y . — ‘ i C ho qua ta see Itsa t . — i ‘ k ‘ C itico s ee S ti u .

- —s I ka ua C l ear sky ee s g . l — l i ‘ C en n us e see T a n us yi . — ‘ C l evela n d see Ts i stetsi yi . ‘ ‘ —s e An i - u C oca e K sa . — ‘ C oco see Kuku . ‘ u — C oh tta s ee Gahu ti . ‘ l — e K l n C o a n n eh C n s e a a u . , olo a — ‘ C o n asauga s ee Ga n sa g i . ‘ ‘ n s — - u r a s un i C o n er o s s ee Kaw a n y . — ‘ ‘ i C o o sa w a tee s ee Ku sa w eti y . ‘ ‘ —s i i C o o w ee sc o o w e e ee Gu w sg uw . ‘ ‘ — A i - a s C o a s ee n s u . o s Ku , K a ‘ —s l a n C oran i ee Ka u . ‘ ‘ - C ow ee s ee Ka wi yi . ‘ ‘ — An i - Ka wi ta C o w eeta C e see . , ow ta C o a tee a u e e C a wa ti e C o ia tee C o tee y ( v rio sly sp ll d , y , C o to - a - tee -a e C e ee e e y y, Kai ) form r h rok s ttl en o n e en n e ee e e ten e m t Littl T ss riv r, som mil s e th e n n e a u th e e en b low ju ctio of T llico , bo t pr s t - fﬁ i n e C o tee s o c e n n n n e see . y po t Loudo cou ty , T s ‘ ‘ — - C reek - path s ee Ku sa n un n a hi ‘ - n — K un i C row tow see a g y . — C uhta hl atah a C h e rok ee woma n n oted i n th e Wah n en a uhi ma n uscript as havi n g disti n guished her e Th s elf by bra v ry i n ba ttl e . e prop er form may OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ e s e nn e n atun l ati wi hav om co ctio with g , ld ” h emp . ‘ ‘ C ul l a sa e —s Kul s i g e ee e tsi y . h — l ‘ C u ee C u r r a ee see Gu ahi i . llowh , y — ‘ C u tta w a see Kitu hwa .

‘ a an tu he a es a n a a ska i s a n D g m k it r i from g , it r i ‘ “ ” i n n ha s e u n a n a a v a g , aga a , it b g to r i ; sm ll r n i ety of lizard whos e cry is s aid to presa ge ra i . ‘ ‘ “ ” i s e a n i a n ti ski e a e a n It also call d g , th y m k it r i

- a o r n e . ( plur l form ) , rai mak r d ul ku— h e - n s The n am e ag t e Am rica n white fro ted goo e .

may b e a n o n om a top e . ‘ — dagu n a th e fresh - w a t er mu ss el ; also a va ri ety o f fa ce

pimpl es . ‘ “ ‘ D a u n hi— e a e a n s e an d g Muss l pl c , from d gu a , mu s l , Th en n s ee e . e s e s oa s o n e hi , locativ Mu s l h l T s i n n e n e e e a a . wa s s riv r , orthw st r Al b ma It om ‘ “ ’ es e a s s Tsu stan al un i a s tim call d l o imply y , Sho l ” place . ‘ ‘ ‘ D a u n aw a l ah s e - e e u n a g i Mu s l liv r plac , from dag ‘ u e u w e l a e a n d a e th e m ss l , , liv r , hi , loc tiv ;

C e ee n e th e e N a e en n . h rok am for sit of shvill , T n n t n N o reaso c a n o w b e given for h e am e . —A i n n n e a n n Ga . n e Dahlo g tow Lumpki cou ty , , ar which n n th e ﬁrs t gold w a s mi ed . A mi t wa s e stablish ed e the re i n 1 83 8 . The n am e i s from th e C h erok e ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ da l a n i e i e en e e a - a a - n i e i g , y llow , wh c at l d l g , “ ”

e on e . e . . y llow m y , i , gold ‘ “ da k s ih u— h e awa e is sheddin g t a rs . ‘ — ﬁsh dakwa a mythic grea t ; a l so th e wh a l e . ‘ “ ‘ Dakw a i— a a e a a n o f a a a d kwa pl c , from tr ditio d kw i n h a e e t e river at th t poin t . A form er C h roke e e en n n to the a e s a s a o r s ttl m t, k ow tr d r Toqu o n e en n essee e a u the u Toco , Littl T riv r , bo t mo th

OC C ONE E C HE E

th e e e n a n w a s n n i n the e a s of ast r b d , k ow trib ‘ ‘ i a i a n d the sa e n a e i s n ow use Da si g y g , m m d by th e E a st C h erok ee a s the equ iva l en t o f th e n ame

Lloyd . ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ Da s kwi tun i e e da skwi tun i y Raft r s Plac , from , d i e e e en o n e a n e . raft rs , y , locativ A form r s ttl m t Tu s u i ttee ee n e a e e i n C a un q cr k , ar H y svill , l y co ty ,

North C aroli n a . ‘ ‘ da s un ta l i—a n t da sun tal i n n a nt the a e ; , sti g i g , l rg r ed c o w a n t M r rn i ca ? e s e e o n ( y also call d om tim s , ‘ ‘ “ n - e n un un u wi s n e accou t of its hard body cas , y , to ” clad aft er the f abulous mo n ste r . ‘ “ ” D a tl e a s ta i— e e e e n n o n y wh r th y f ll dow , a poi t Tuck a s e ee e n e e e e i n g riv r , a short dista c abov W bst r,

n un N C n a . Jackso co ty , orth aroli d ts i—a n - a traditio al water mo n ster . ‘ —“ ” Da ts i yi D a ts i place ; a pla ce o n Little T en n es see e n e n n E a e ee i n a n riv r , ar ju ctio of gl cr k , Sw i N a n C n . cou ty , orth aroli ‘ ‘ “ Da tsu n a l a un i— e e e e a r e a o r o n s g y wh r th r tr cks fo tpri t , ‘ i ‘ ‘ u ta s n un i u l a s un i n . a from y or g y , footpri t Tr ck

n e s e e . e Rock gap , ar Blair vill , G orgia Also som ‘ ‘ “ es e D e a el un ha e o f a n e tim call d g y , plac br d d ” s mark . ‘ da i —e e y f b av r . ‘ Da u l s un i e e e e e a o n the y y plac wh r th y cri d , spot e th e e u se ee e i n ridg at h ad of T cka g riv r , Jack s o n n N C a n s o - a e a n ol d cou ty , orth roli a ; c ll d from

traditio n . ‘ ‘ “ ’ da un i s i— e e a n ea e y b av r s gr dchild , from dayi , b v r , ‘ ’

n d . un s i n a i o f e e s ex . The e , so s child ith r wat r ee e b tle or m llow bug . ‘ — e un i a a n e e e e a r e e u D gal g y c ir , lit rally wh r th y pil d p a seri es of cairn s o n th e south side o f C heowa i n e un N . C . riv r , Graham co ty , OC C ON E E C HE E 2 1 7

‘ ‘ — De g a ta g a The C h erok ee n am e o f Gen era l Stam d Wati e a n d of a promi n en t ea rly w estern chi e f k k a Th k n ow n to th e whit es as Ta a to . e word is ‘ “ ” ‘ e e tsita a am s a n n da n ita a d riv d from g , I t di g, g “ ” e a r e a n n e e a n d n e s th e th y st di g tog th r , co v y subtl e m ea n i n g o f two p erson s stan din g togeth er a n d s o closely u n ited i n sympathy a s to form b ut o n e huma n body ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ De el un h — e D a tsu n al a un i g ay a s e g y . ‘ — d etsan un l i an en closu re o r pi ece o f l ev el groun d cl ea red for c eremon ial pu rposes ; appli ed more p ar ti cu l r l h n - n n e n The a y to t e gree cor da c grou d . word ha s b ut a n n b e e a n a plural form , c ot c rt i ly n a alyz ed . ‘ D s t —a e e e e t a a C h rok e sprit . ‘ ‘ d i n l h un u ets u a e e . g I tri d , but fail d ‘ “ ” Dida l a ski i— n e In th n u e y Show eri g pl a c . e story ( mb r 1 7 ) the n am e is u n derstood to m ean th e place ”

e e a n fir e . n es e a wh r it r i s It sig ifi lit r lly , how e e the e e e e o r e n v r , plac wh r it show rs , com s dow , a n d lodges upo n som ethin g an imat e a n d ha s n o ‘ e n e e e en e to fir e a ts i l a o r a n a f a ska d fi it r f r c ( ) r i ( , ‘ “ d e al a sku e a r e s e n it is g , th y how ri g n n n dow a d lodgi g upo n him . ‘ ‘ ‘ ska sti i e e e e e a o f ea he Dida y wh r th y w r afr id ch ot r , o n e en n e ee e n e th e u a spot Littl T ss riv r , ar mo th f e i n n N o e a n C . Alarka cr k , Sw i cou ty , . ‘ ‘ di a a n i —th - hen o r e Th n e g g w e mud didapp r . e am is “ ” “ a n d e e e i n plural form impli s lam , or crippl d ” ‘ ‘ “ h i n i a n t e e . dets w a a m n ee n l gs ( cf g , I k li g probably from th e bou n ci n g motio n o f th e bird i en n th e . i n wh e wat r It s al so the n am e o f a da ce . ‘ ‘ ‘ k i — a k i Dig a a t yi see G a ti y . ‘ ‘ “ i l n i— d a un u e e es o r es u the ea s . g g y wh r it ris , com p t ‘ Th a e e N un da i e . . s cr d t rm is y , q v 2 1 8 . OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ ‘ di a l un l ati un—a e o n e o f se es a un g y h ight , a ri , from g l “ a e l ti , abov . ‘ ‘ —“ Dig a l u ya tun yi whe re it i s g a sh ed ( with ha tch et s ) ‘ “ tsil u u am u n n from y , I c tti g ( with a choppi g i a e h u e a n d . T e di , pl ral pr ﬁx , y , loc tiv

C e Oa k e ea C a e e Ga . _ hopp d , form rly st of l rk svill , ‘ “ ” Di a n e s ki— he em u a ua g picks th p ( h bit lly ) , from ‘ “ ts i n e u a m n C e e n n . e , I picki g it up A h rok U io e i n th soldi r e C ivil War . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ i i i—th i i e d a e e a a e r d . g g g plur l of g g g , ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ di u l a n a hi ta— di u l i - n a n n ea g for g a ahi ta , h vi g lo g rs , “ ” “ ” ‘ n — e e ea r a n d un a hi ta lo g car d ; from gul , g , ’ l o n g f ‘ ‘ Dih u n dul a e o r s s s n y sh aths , cabbard i gular ‘ ‘ “ ” l - a h u n du a un ea o r e s a a . y , a g sh th, oth r c bb rd The probabl e correct form of a n am e which a p “ e i n e n a u en a s Un to ol a o r p ars R volutio ry doc m ts , ”

Gum R o d . ‘— ‘ e e . Dikta plural of Akta , y ‘— dil a skun k . ‘ dil s a a i h e - D l e t y t scissors t e wat r spider ( o o m d es ) . ‘ ‘ “ di n da s kw a te ski—th e e the n e n e e viol t ; am sig iﬁ s , th y ’ p ull each oth e rs h eads o ff . ‘ e n a— e di n tl a th e cr atio n . ” n u ski h ee di t e br de r ; a vari ety of smilax bri er . ‘ ‘ —“ ” Di sg a g i sti yi wh ere th ey gn aw ; a place o n C heo wa i n n N . e C . riv r , Graham cou ty , “ ” i sk i— e a d w a n e n a . e . a a e o f e ch st ut br d , i , v ri ty br d a n e n e Th e o ee h vi g ch st uts mix d with it . e C h r k n e es e n e e e a n d en am of Jam Blyth , i t rpr t r ag cy

clerk . ‘ ’ D i sta i i e a r e s n o f a sta i i n y th y tro g , plural y , stro g ’

Th e e o r e e n . or tough . T phrosia d vil s sho stri g ‘ - en dista sti a mill ( g eric ) .

2 2 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

b een wron gly in terpreted to m ean pl ace o f s h ed ” di n g tea rs . ‘ “ Dul s un i— e e e ee a t y Potsh rd plac e . A form r C h rok e e en o n N o ttel e i n C e ee un s ttl m t y riv r h rok co ty,

N orth C a rolin a . ‘ d ul e ts i n u n h a a goitrou s sw elli g po t e thro t . ‘ — dul u s i a vari ety of frog foun d upo n the h ea dwa ters

o f Sava n n ah river . ‘ “ n ta l un i— e e e e a r e e es o r a es Du iya y wh r th r sh lv , ﬂat pl c , ‘ ‘ ‘ a a e n ﬂat en e a a an a un a s e from y t i , , wh c d y t l i , h lf , i e h a n d . o n t e e y , locativ A gap Gr at Smoky ’ n e n e C l i n m a n s e n un ra g , ar g dom , Swai co ty ,

‘ ‘ Dun i du l al un yi wh e re th ey m a de arrows a place o n a ee a ea ea o f O n a u ee e Str ight cr k , h dstr m co l ft riv r , i n n n N C Swai cou ty , . . ‘ ‘ — Dun i skwa lgu n i the double p ea k k n ow n a s the C him n e T0 s i n e u n n s a th e y p , Gr at Smoky Mo tai bout e e i n ea e e n n un N . C . O h d of D p cr k , Swai co ty , h t e n orth sid e is th e pa s s k n ow n a s I n dian gap . “ ” Th e n e n es a e a n e am sig iﬁ fork d tl r , from u skw a l u a n e b ut n e th e a n e is g , tl r, i dicat s that tl r e i n e a s the ee se e e attach d plac , though d r it lf w r

con ceal ed b elow . ‘ ‘ D u s taya l u n yi wh ere it made a n oise a s of thun der o r n en e e n h n n shooti g , appar tly r f rri g to a lig t i g “ strok e I mak e a shooti n g o r ” un e n n e b e e n th d ri g ois , might a ﬁrst p rso form us ed by the p er s o n ﬁed Thun der g o d ) ; a spot o n ee e the n n n Hiwass riv r , about ju ctio of Shooti g i e C . ee n ea es n C un N . cr k , r Hay vill , lay co ty , A form e r s ettlem en t a lon g the creek bore the sam e

n am e . OC C ONE E C HE E 2 2 1

‘ ‘— u a s e es o f o ea n e e i n n du st p ci fr g , app ri g v ry arly spri g ; th e n e n en e f o r a n n the am is i t d d o omatope . It is correct form o f the n am e o f the chi e f n oted by “ Mc Ken n ey a n d Hall a s Too a n tuh o r Spri n g ” Frog . ‘ —s e Dutch e Ta tsi . u e — n z d w g a a Spri g li a rd .

‘ ‘ E e n e—se Tsu i du l i ul s i sti agl Da c e g g . ‘ ‘ E s i n aul — l i a t ee s ee U sta n a .

‘ E N e — e n s i w s e . chota, Ga a g — eda ta m y fathe r ( Upp er di al ect) the Middle an d i ‘t Low e r dial ect form i s a g da a . E di ‘hi—“ ” He go es a bout ( habitua lly ) a masculi n e n ame . — edutu m y mate rn al gra n dfath er ( Upp er dial ect ) ; the

Middle a n d Low er dial ect form is a g idu tu ; cf . i s i . —en ut n u . egwa grea t cf . a e w a n i— g riv er . “ a n ul ti— B the e e n i e a n d n y riv r , from gwa , riv r , m o r n n s Th e e o f ea e e . ulati ulti , r, b id prop r form O n ee the n a e the e n co aluft , m of riv r ﬂowi g thru th e E a st C h e rokee reserv a tion i n Swai n a n d Jack s n n Th n n u ee m en o C e N . C . e ou ti s, tow , Oco al ft , ti o n ed s s n 1 wa s by B a rtra m a exi ti g about 775 , probably o n th e low er cours e o f the river a t the e en n o n th e e e n e e w a s pr s t Birdtow , r s rvatio , wh r n s un forme rly a co iderabl e mo d . l — e a e un . arth , gro d e — e i n th e e e er a di en e th e ladi low , b low ; Low r dial ct , wh c A r a ta e C e ee o f a a s n y or Low r h rok Ad ir , disti u i sh ed th O a a o r e g from e ttara ( at ri , tali ) Upp r C e ee h rok . l — c a n ti a s n e a . . o g form for l di, q v ' 2 2 2 0 C C ON E E C H.E E

‘ E l a tse i a e a e E l tse een v er ant y , ( bbr vi t d a ) Gr ( d ) ” ea el a ea a n d i tse i een om rth , from , rth , y , gr , fr s - n Th e n a e o f se e a fre h spri ngi g v egeta tion . m v r l e C e ee e e en s n n n to form r h rok s ttl m t , commo ly k ow l l l e f the e a s E a E e o o r A a a . On e o whit s llij y, j y g th es e wa s up on the h ea dw a ters o f Keowee rive r i n

e f Ten ~ . n e S C . ; a oth er w a s o n E llij a y cr k o Littl e n essee e n e the e en a n n i n a on riv r, ar pr s t Fr kli , M c h e en E C . N . an a u t a o . C e e , ; oth r was bo t pr s t llij y

i n 'e n d s n e w a s o n E i C o . Ga . a Gilm r , ; till a oth r ll a ee e e n e th e esen a j y cr k of Littl riv r , ar pr t M ry

i n un . en n e C o . vill , Blo t , T E a e e E a a R ed - ea ace law diyi ( abbr viat d l w di ) rth pl , el a e a n - r ed o r r ed a n an d from , arth , w di , brow p i t, i h 1 t e . Th e e n e e . e C k e a e y , locativ h ro m of Y llow e e en n o w f a n n a s C e ee hill s ttl m t , o ﬁci lly k ow h rok , th e post ofﬁc e a n d a gen cy h eadqua rters f o r th e E C e ee on O n ee e i n a n ast h rok , co aluft riv r, Sw i

N . . 2 . C o . C e n n n n , A form r cou cil grou d k ow i n history as R ed C lay ; at the site of th e pres en t

e n a e i n e C o . Ga . a n villag of that m Whitﬁ ld , , djoi

i ng th e T en n ess ee li n e . E — E l t ‘ llijay see a se yi .

— - en i si m y pate rn al gran dfath er ( Upp er dia l ect ) ; the d e a e a n e a an s i . Middl Low r di l ct form is g i , cf

e dutu . E ska u — e Isk ua q a s e a g . ‘ ‘ E s ta n a ul E sti n ul — e i a , a a s e U sta n a l . ‘ " E a a h a tsi statl a ski— ea - e a a n a t w D dwood light r , tr ditio l

C h erokee co n jure r . —l eti o d n a o . , lo g g ‘ ‘ - E towah see I t a wa . E s i i— t ee Un tsai i . —a y s y ets i m y mother ( Upper d i alec t .) the Middle an d Lo wer

dia lect fo rm i s ag itsi .

E E . 2 2 4 OC C ON E C H E

‘ a ktun ta—a n n un n an o r e e ar g i j ctio , comm d rul , mor p ‘ ti ul r l e e n c a y a prohibitio n or c r mo ial tabu . Tsiga ‘ ” m e n a n n n n r te gu . I a obs rvi g i ju ctio o tabu ; ‘ “ ” da k e i h n e u u n a t e a e a . g , is u d r t b r g l tio s ‘ — Ga l a g i n a a mal e deer ( buck ) o r tu rk ey ( gobbl er) ; i n th e ﬁrst s en s e th e n am e i s som etim es u sed a l so f o r the e n e ee e D n as tes i t us Th e l a rg hor d b tl ( y t y ) . n n n e E u n C e ee I dia am of lias Bo di ot, ﬁrst h rok e ditor . ‘ ‘ ‘ a l i s i s ida hu am a n n a a l i i a g g I d ci g bout from g sg , “ ” “ ”

n n a n d edahu n a . I am da ci g, , I am goi g bout ‘ ‘ — g a l u n kw ti yo hon or ed ; sacr ed ; us ed i n the bibl e to

e n e . m a holy, hallow d l ‘l i— a un a t e o n . g abov , high ‘ a n e — n g g a ski . ‘ ’ g an ida w a ski th e champio n c a tchﬂy or ra ttl es n ak e s “ mast er ( S il en e s tel l a ta ) ; th e n am e sign iﬁ es it ” ‘ “ n e a n i da w sku n n disjoi ts its lf, from g , it is u joi t ” i n e o n n th e e m an n er i n g its lf , accou t of p culiar e ff n which th e dri ed sta lk br aks o at th e joi ts . — Ga n sa g i ( or Ga n sa g iyi ) th e n am e of s everal form er s ettl em en ts i n th e old C h erok ee cou n try ; it can n ot b n n e n m n Tuc ka e a alyz ed . O of this a e was upo e ee e n e a e th e e en s g riv r, a short dista c bov pr s t i n N . . a n e a e e n n C o . C w s o W bst r, Jackso , ; oth r th e e a C a n a sa u a ee i n Mc Mi n n low r p rt of g cr k, th n n f n C o . en n . w as a t e o C a , T a third ju ctio o a n d C o o sa watee e e e a e a s sauga riv rs , wh r ft rw rd e th e C e ee a N ew E i n was locat d h rok c pital , chota ,

G . u en n i n th D n C o . a a e e e Gordo , ; fo rth, m tio d n a a es a s C a n a so a o r C a n a sa ua wa s Soto rr tiv g g , e i n 1 0 o n th e u e C a a e e locat d 54 pp r h tt hooch e riv r, pos s ibly i n th e n eighb o rhood o f Ken n esa w moun

a n Ga . t i , “ OC C ON E E C HE E 2 2 5

‘ ‘ ‘ Gan sa ti i n a e tsi n a sa hun sku I y robbi g pl c , from , am ” n e o f e robbin g him . Ve gean ce cre k Vall ey riv r i e n e n C e . N . n e e e n e o . The h rok C , C am v g a c was ’ origi n ally a white m an s n ickn am e for an old C e ee n n e e h rok woma , of forbiddi g asp ct , who liv d e e e th th er b for e Removal . ‘ — Ga n s e ti a ra ttle ; a s the C h erok ee dan ce rattl e is made ‘ the th e u n e n e Gan s e ti from gourd , masc li am , , is “ ” - en e e the e n . usually r d r d by whit s , rattli g gourd a ta usti—th e ee a n d o f th e e n e i n g wh l stick South r trib s, e correctly ca ll ed n ettecw a w by Tim b rlak e . ‘ ‘ Ga te w a — Ga te w a hi s n n o f g for g , po sibly a co tractio ‘ “ ” I I - e a hi e - e a at w e . g ( ) g , Gr at swamp , thick t pl c

e e n n a n C o . A high p ak south ast from Fra kli , M co , a n d en Fo dder st ck N . C . e a a , p rh ps id tical with u n mo n tai . ‘ — ‘ ga tsu see h a tlu . ‘ ‘ — - Ga tu g i ts e yi ( a bbreviated . N ew settl e ” ‘ ‘ en e o r a a tu i n s et m t plac , from gatu gi g g , tow , tl em en t itsehi n ew e e e to n ew , , , sp cially appli d

r i h e e n a n d t e e . e s e e v g tatio , y , locativ A form r ttl m en t o n C a r to o g a ja creek n ea r th e pres en t Fran k

i n . N . C l i n n a C o . , M co , ‘ “ Ga tu i i— n n a e e e en e g y Tow buildi g pl c , or S ttl m t plac , ‘ i a a e e en a n d e . from g tu gi , s ttl m t , y , locativ A a o n S a n teetl a ee n ea n e i n pl ce cr k, r Robbi svill ,

N . . C o . C Graham , ‘ ‘ “ ‘ Ga tun i ti i— e e Ga tun l ati e y H mp plac , from , wild h mp

A o c n urn ca n n a bi n um an d i e . ( p y ) , y , locativ A e C e ee e e en n n n form r h rok s ttl m t, commo ly k ow as Hem to wn o n the ee th e s e n e n ea p , cr k of am am , r i an n n n n n C o . . Morg tow , Fa i , Ga ‘ ‘ Ga tun w a l i—a n e e e n C e ee u 1 8 2 ot d w st r h rok , abo t 4 ,

n n to the Ha r dm u h o r - k ow whites as s Big Mush . 2 2 6 C C C ONE E C HE E

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ ‘

Gatun wa l i a u ea a n d unwa l i . , from g t , br d, , “ e n s o r a o f u o r mad i to ball lumps, is sort m sh e o n e e e so a can parch d c r m al , mad v ry thick , th t it b e dipp ed o ut in lumps almost o f th e con s i sten cy

o f bread . ‘ e i— n ea n th e th e u en g dow str m , dow road , with c rr t ; ‘

s e . tsa gi, up tr am ‘ es e i— e e en u se a e g was ; a s parat word which, wh d ft r th e e i n th e e en en se a e a en se v rb pr s t t , m k s it p st t ‘ ‘ without cha nge o f form ; i n th e form hi g ese i it u u n n e e s ally a ccompa ies a emphatic r p titio n . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ? — G e ya g u g a ( for Ag e hya - guga ) a formulistic n am e f r th n n n b e a n a e b ut o e moo it ca ot lyz d , ‘ “ n h h a an S ee ee a n t e a e . s ms to co t i word g y , wom ‘ ‘ n also u n da . ‘ ‘ ‘ — i i r e a e d . gi ga blood ; cf . g g g , ‘ ‘ ‘ - da n e i s ki a e a a n d gi ga g blood t k r , from gi g blood , ‘ ‘ “ ‘ a da n e i ski o n e a e u s tsi g , who t k s liq id , from ‘ ‘ n e n f r th t an n i n egia ( liquid ) . A oth r am e o e s e r n o scorpio lizard . ‘ ‘ i a e i—r ed r ed a e th e n - r ed o f c er g g g , bright , sc rl t ; brow ‘ ‘ n n n d a n i e tai a im a ls a cl ys is di sti guish ed a s wa d g i . ‘ ‘ “ ” “ - tsuh a l i— - e a n gi ga bloody mouth , lit rally h vi g blood ” ‘ o n th e n e o f u cor rs his mo th ; from gi ga, blood , ‘ a n d tsuh a n u n s i i th e n e o f th e u y , cor rs mo th ‘ i h s . a e a the ( aha li , mouth ) A l rg liz rd, probably s n p l ei to d o . ‘ — h e t e e . gili dog ; Low r dial ct, gi ri ‘ —“ - di n eh un i e e th e s e o do Gili y wh r dog liv , fr m gili , g , ‘ “ ” “ di n eh u e e ehu a n d i l o , th y dw ll ( , I y ,

e . e on O n u ee e a s di s cativ A plac co al ft riv r, hort n th e e en C e e i n a n e a e C o . ta c bov pr s t h rok e Sw i ,

2 2 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ u e — g g w th e quail or partridge . ‘ ‘ " u w e u l a su l a— e n u ew e g g partridg moccasi , from g , e a n d u l a sul a n o r s e th e partridg , , moccasi ho ; lady

s lipp e r . ‘ ‘ ‘ Gu l a hi i e e Gur ahi i n the e y ( abbr viat d Gulabi , or , Low r “ ‘ ” e —Gul a hi e s o - a e th e un dial ct) plac , c ll d from id en tiﬁ ed Spri n g pla n t eaten a s a sal a d by th e Th n e tw r e i n h e C h e rok ee . e am of o o more plac s t old C h e rok ee cou n try ; o n e about C u r r a h ee moun h u i n e . n a C o Ga . t e e o n C tai , H b rsham , , oth r llo ee e a n e n u se ee in wh riv r, upp r bra ch of T cka g , r r h n e N . . u n C o . C C a ee a Jackso , Dick was ot d e th e e 1 82 0 chi f about y ar . ‘ ‘ Gu l a n i i—a C e ee a n d N e e e en e y h rok atch z s ttl m t, form rly ab o ut th e ju n ctio n of Brasstow n creek with Hiw a s s ee e S n e e i n C e o riv r , a hort dista c abov Murphy , h r k N . Th h e i o . C e t s ee C . e , tymology of word

doubtful . ‘ — n gul e acor . ‘ ‘ ul e di ska n ihi—th e e- o e e es o r g turtl d v ; lit rally it cri , ” ‘ n n e a n a n d di ska mour s, for acor s, from gul , cor , ‘ “ ” n e e u e ihi , it cri s for th m , ( di pl ral pr ﬁx , hi ,

Th - e n habitual sufﬁx ) . e turtle dove f e ds upo n a n d i ts e e e es th e n a e acor s cry som what r s mbl m ,

gu l e . ‘ ul e i e tsil a hi e n er g g climb r , from , I climb ( s co d p ‘ hi l hi n b h n e s o n a e t e s . , third p rso , gula i ) black ak ‘ ‘ ‘ l s k — u u l u s ki ul ka a i a n e e n a e Ts n a h n . . G arli r m for , q v ‘ ‘ a i— n - g ul kw g s ev e ; also th e mol e crick et . ‘ ‘ ‘ l - — e e l k i u kw a in e i n u w a e en . g g ( ) s v th ; from g g , s v Gu l sa dihi ( or a m a sculi n e n a me o f

un c ertai n etymology . ‘ — g un a hi ti lo n g . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 2 9

‘ ‘ Gu n hi un i— a t n a e . e . n e y Lo g pl c ( i , Lo g vall y) , from ‘ un a hi i n n d i e e e t a a . e g , lo g, y , loc tiv A form r s ttl en n n th e e a s a e n e e m t k ow to whit s V ll ytow , wh r n o w is the tow n o f the sam e n am e o n Va ll ey riv er i h en n C e o . N . T e e e e C C . e s h rok , various ttl m ts o n Valley rive r a n d th e a dj a cen t p a rt o f Hiwa ss ee “ ” n n w e re k ow coll ectively a s Va lley town s . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Gu n di g a duhun yi ( abbrevia te d Gun - dig a du hun ) “ ” ‘ e e n n a u e so - e Turk y s ettl m e t ( gu , t rk y ) , call d h r u e f o r t e e e o e . from chi f, Turk y Littl T rk y A m er e e en n n th e e a s u e s ttl m t , k ow to whit s T rk y n n the e n C a e e tow , upo w st ba k of oos riv r, opposit h en en e Al a t e e C e i n C ee C o . . pr s t t r, h rok , , ‘ ‘ n — f n n . C . e a . gu i arrow S ic , ga a ‘ ‘ ‘ un n a e i o r un n g g ( g a ge ) bla ck . ‘ ‘ h i— un hi Gun n e see N n e . ‘ — Gun ska l i ski a masculi n e p erson a l n a m e o f un certa in e tymology . ‘ ‘ n n n n e e— - N un n hi e s see u a a . Gu t rs La di g, Gu t r vill K s ‘ “ Gun- tu skw a l i— n a an d Short arrows, from g u i, rrow , ‘ ‘ tsu skw a l i u a o f u s n a , pl r l ska li , hort ; a traditio l n w este r tribe . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ n n l e i—s e n - Gu u da g e Nu n a b i dihi . ‘— Gu sti a tradition al C herok ee s ettl em en t o n T en n ess ee n n n e e n Th n e e n a C o . n . e e riv r, ar Ki gsto , Ro , T am n n n a ca ot b e a lyz ed . ‘ ‘— Gu w i sg uw i The C h erok ee n a m e o f th e chi e f John a n d the n e i n hi s n Ross, for district am d ho or , com m o n l e C o o eesc o o w e e a n y sp ll ed w e . Prop rly o n omatop e for a large bird s a id to have b een s een form erly a t i n frequ en t i n t erva l s i n th e o l d C h e ro k e n n n the a e cou try, accompa yi g migr tory wild ee e a n d e e e e n a e n e g s , d scrib d as r s mbli g a l rg s ip , e n d n e e I with yellow l gs a u w bb d feet . n boyhood ‘ n a Tsan u di n n s n s s e . Joh Ro s was k ow , Littl Joh 2 3 0 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ ‘ Gw a l a hi - e wal u a a e o f g Frog plac , from g g , v ri ty

a n d e. e o n a s ee e frog, hi , locativ A plac Hiw s riv r, e th e n n o f ea ee ee n e just abov ju ctio P chtr cr k , ar u i n e o N 1 h e C ee C . . C . t M rphy, h rok , ; about 755 e e e u e N a e a n d a e f sit of a villag of r f g e tch z , l t r o a

B aptist mis s ion . ‘ ’ eh —a s g w e crick et cry . — Ha a n i n troductory excla m atio n i n ten de d to attra ct att en tion o r add empha s i s ; a bout equiva l en t to H e re ! N o w ! ‘ ‘ ‘— Ha - ma ma a s o n g t erm compoun ded o f ha ! a n i n tro ‘ ducto r e n a n d a a a y xclamatio , m m , word which ha s n o a n s b ut i s use i n ea n un alysi , d Sp ki g to yo g “ children to m ean l et m e ca rry you o n my back . ‘ ‘ n n - m —s Sk l - Ha gi g a w ee U wa i gu ta . ‘ ‘ ‘ an a - - —a n n e n n n n h i lil lil u m a i g da ce re fra i . ‘ - — l Hard mush s ee Gatun wa i . ‘ — ‘ ?” a u e u e e n e a e . h tl dial ctic form , ga ts , wh r ( i t rrog tiv ) ‘ ‘ ‘— h a wiye hyuw e un m ea n i n g da n c e r e fra i n s . ‘ “ a u —a n e a a f e u e a en Yes h y mph tic ﬁrmativ , abo t quiv l t to , ” Si r . ‘ ‘— hayuya ha n iwa a n un m ea n i n g re fra i n i n o n e o f th e e s n b a r o gs . h e- e —an un n n o n n n m ea i g s g i troductio . ‘ ‘ e - — e l i s H mp ca rri er s e Ta e dan g i ki . ‘ m — e l i He p to w n s e Ga tun ti y . — n n n n n hi u m ea i g da ce exclama tio . ‘ ‘ - —s n - a s n l un i Hickory log ee Wa e u t y . ‘ ‘ ” ‘ hi i n a l i i o u a r e en a ﬁn a l n h e i s g ( y ) my fri d ; , ( ) my ’

I l . en . n e n s n can a fri d whit ma jargo , y ‘ ‘ —s a Highto w er ee I taw . ‘ — ? hil a g u how m a n y how much ? ( Upp er dia l ect) ; ‘ t a e un h e Middle di l ct form i s h gu .

2 3 2 OC C ONE E C HE E

The n am e ha s b een given to a di strict o f the pr es en t C e e N a n h rok e tio . ‘ ‘ i n a e hi— e n i n th e e n e a n n a an o f g dw lli g wild r ss , i h bit t ‘ ‘ ” th e e n e i n a e i e n es a n d wild r ss ; from g wild r s , “ ” ehi a e en o f ehu h e i s e n , habitu l pr s t form , dw lli g ; ‘ “ ”

e u e n . g , I am dw lli g ‘ ‘ “ n e- uta sun hi— h e wh o e u i n th e e n es s I ag gr w p wild r , “ ” ‘ ‘ “ H n i . e i . e e a e i , who gr w up wild ; from g , wil ” ‘ e n ess n e e an a n d uta sun hi d r , u occupi d timb r l d , , th e third p erso n p erfect o f the irregula r verb ‘ ‘ “ tun sku a n u . g , I am growi g p ‘ — ‘ I n a li Black - fox ; th e commo n r ed fox i n tsu l a ( i n Mus

- f n f c o ee . o x e o g , chula ) Black was pri cipal chi f h C e ee N n i n 1 8 1 0 t e h rok atio . “ Iska ua—N e C e r e Nen etoo ah g am for l ar Sky, fo m rly y h Th n e or t e Bloody Fell o w . e am e a pp ars thu s i n a docum en t of 1 79 1 a s th a t of a C h e rok ee chi e f fr equ en tly m en tio n ed about th a t p eriod u n de r the ” n e In n e am e of Bloody F llow . o e tr a ty it is “ ” en s E k a ua giv a s q or Bloody Fellow . Both a n d e a r e n e forms etymologi s doubtful , ith er form “ ” s eemi n g to hav e a n y re f eren ce eith e r to sky ‘ “ ” ( g a l un l a hi ) or blood Th e ﬁrst m ay ‘ “ ” b n n e Ik - e e e e da . i t d d for gwa , Gr at y — ‘l I sta n a r e s ee U s ta n a i . — ‘ ‘ Itaba see I tawa . ‘ hi— Ita g u n a th e C h erok ee n am e of Joh n Ax . ‘ ‘ —Th e n n r e e I tawa am e of o e o more C h rok ee s ettl m en ts . On e e e u n the e i n 1 8 8 , which xist d til R moval 3 , w a s n E e the e en upo towah riv r , about pr s t High

e i n n Ga . n o e e tow r , Forsyth cou ty , A th r may hav b een on Hightow e r creek o f Hiwass ee rive r i n

n un . The n e n Tow s co ty , Ga am , commo ly writ ten E a n d u e to e n n towah corr pt d Hightow r , ca ot OC C ON E E C HE E 2 3 3

b e tra n slated a n d s eems n ot to b e o f C h erok ee

n . n a e Y taun o r Y tav a origi A tow , c ll d Itaba , i n the D e o n e e s e i n 1 0 a n Sot chro icl s , xi t d 54 mo g h e e t C ee a n o n a a e . r ks , ppar tly Al bam riv r ‘ Itsa ti— n s e e E a C C e C ho commo ly p ll d chot , hota , hot , t u n i n e c . n e n sev quata ( mispri t ) , ; a am occ rri g era l places i n th e o l d C h erok ee cou n try ; the mean i Th e n e en i n g s lost . most importa t s ttl em t o f thi s n e e uen n e ea E a am , fr q tly disti guish d as Gr t chot , n h f en n se w a s o t e south s ide o Littl e T es e . It was “ ” the a n ci en t capital an d s a cre d P ea ce town o f

h e n E a s . N o . o n ee e t e w . ati Littl chota Saut ( i , ‘ Its ti ee a e e o f th e C ee ) cr k , h ad str am hattahooch , E e C e . N ew a th e a w st of larksvill , Ga chot , c pital o f th e N n s e e e e h e e a atio for om y ars b for t R mov l , was established at a spot origin ally kn ow n as ‘ a n a i h n f h n u a s . t e u n o t e O s a G g ( q v . ) at j ctio o ta l d n sa u e i n n n a a n C a a a G . g riv rs , Gordo cou ty , It

was som etim es ca lle d N ewto n . Th e old M a cedon ia e f h e N e n i s s n o n e o t . C . e mis io Soco cr k , r s rvatio , ‘ o n n Ita s ti to th e C e ee a s w a s als k ow as h rok , also ‘ n ts i e e ee Na . the gr at Nacooch e mou d . S g u ‘ “ ” “ Its e i— N ew een e o r a e f e een y gr plac Pl c o fr sh gr , ‘ “ i tse hi een o r n e e e a n a n d i from , gr u rip v g t tio , y , th e locative ; appli ed more particularly to a tract of groun d mad e green by fresh spri n gi n g y ege ta ti o n e n een e e o f e o r , aft r havi g b cl ar d timb r n e u n i n e e e burn ed ov e r . A am occ rri g s v ral pl a c s i n the Ol d C e ee n u en h rok cou try , vario sly writt E chi a E c h o ee E tch o w ee a n d e e , , , som tim s also “ ” e en e e n n n fals ly r d r d Brasstow , from a co fusio ‘ i i ‘ “ Itse i un tsa . On e e e en of y with y , brass s ttl m t of this n am e was upo n Bra sstow n cr eek of Tuga i n n n e O ee . C . a n e w a s loo riv r , co cou ty , S ; oth r 2 3 4 OC C ONE E C HE E

o n Little T en n es see riv er n ear th e presen t Fran k l i n th e n un N . C . a n d u , Maco co ty , , probably abo t ‘ ju n ction o f C a r to o g aja ( Ga tug - its e yi ) creek ; a n n th e es a s a s n w a s o n third , k ow to whit Br s tow , e n ee see e i n upp r Brasstow cr k of Hiwas riv r , n n In e ee s i n e . C a Tow s cou ty , Ga h rok , most oth r n n n e n o ea s n n i s a e b e I dia la guag s , cl r di ti ctio m d n e n tw ee gr e a n d blue . ‘ — n i ya pumpki . ‘ ‘ ‘ “ ‘ - — i u s ti e n a n d i u sti e . i ya y lik a pumpki , from iya y , lik ‘ ‘ “ ‘ - ta w i s ka e —o f n n es i a iya g pumpki smooth s , from y , ‘ n n i k a d ta w s a e s . pumpki , g , mooth

‘ ‘ n—s Ts ek i n i Jackso ee s . — ‘ Jes s a n s ee Ts es a n i . ‘ ‘ e — - ka i J ss e Reid s ee Ts e si S ts . ‘ ‘ — a l i Joan n a Bald s ee Diy ha i y . ‘ ‘ d —s e An i - ua a e a a . Joara , J S w li ‘ n—s n Joh ee Tsa i . ‘ n Ax—s e It u n ahi Joh e ag . ‘ ‘ — A u l n see n u de i . Jolly , Joh g ‘ ‘ n —s e T unu l a hun ski Ju aluska e s . ‘ u l l — ul al J ta c u a see Ts k u .

‘ ‘ — i e k a gu crow ; the n am e s a n on oma top . ‘ “ ” ‘ ‘ i— e i Ka un C a u a n d a e . g y row plac , from k g , y , loc tiv ‘ — ka i ea se o il . gr , ‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ “ Ka l a a sun i— e e h e e o ff ts il a a sku y wh r f ll , from , I ” ff n i e ff a n o a d a . n e C am falli g , y , loc tiv A cli r old i n a n n N n n C n a . Spri g k ob , Sw i cou ty , orth aroli ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ - - n e a n e . e Ka lahu All bo s , from k lu , bo A form r e o f th e E C e ee s n n i n th e chi f ast h rok , al o k ow ‘ i trib e as S awa n u g .

2 3 6 OC C ON E E C HE E

or C a n n a sti on i s m en tion ed a s exis ti ng o n Hiwa s e 1 s e rive r i n 776 . ‘ ‘ k n a t l hi— n e a a u homi y cook ed with w a l n ut k rn el s . ‘ “ ” n — n e n e n e s e es Ka a ti Lucky Hu t r ; a masculi am , om tim ‘ h n n e e n . T e n b e e abbr viat d Ka at word ca ot a alyz d , but is us e d as a third p erso n habitual verbal form “ ” e n he o r u es i n un n to m a is lucky , s cc sful , h ti g ; ‘ “ th e e u kw a l e u n o r un s ess Opposit is g , u lucky , ucc l i ” f u n un n . , h ti g ‘ k n i— e - a egw a t th e wat r mocca s i n sn ak e . — Kan uga also writt en C a n ug a a Low er C h erok ee s ettle en en o n the e e ee e m t , appar tly wat rs of K ow riv r , i n e i 1 1 n s . C . e n a et S , d stroy d 75 ; also a tr ditio al tl em en t o n e n e n e the e en Pig o riv r , probably ar pr s t n e i n n Th e e N . C . Way svill , Haywood cou ty , “ ” n e n e e o f n e- e am sig iﬁ s a scratch r , a sort bo tooth d comb with which ball - play ers a r e scra tch ed upo n th eir n ak ed ski n prelimi n ary to applyi n g th e c on ‘ ‘ “ ' e e n e d e tsi n u a sk u a m a jur d m dici ; g , I scr tch i ” n g it . ‘ ‘ k a n u u e e n n u l a a e a en g la ( abbr viat d u g ) scr tch r, g e e e a e a n d e e ' ric t rm for blackb rry , r spb rry, oth r bri r

bush es . ’ ‘ ‘ Ka n u u l a i Ka n u ul un i e e g y , or g y Bri r plac , from ‘ ‘ k n l a u u a e . n a C e ee s et g , bri r ( cf Ka u ga ) ; h rok tl em en t e o n N n a e a u th e form rly a tahal riv r , bo t u e n ee i n n un mo th of Bri rtow cr k , Maco co ty,

‘ ‘ n u n — Ka n a w u pip e . ‘ “ Ka s du i— e a e ka s du e a n d i th e y Ash s pl c , from , ash s , y , e n C e ee n f locative . A mod r h rok am e o r th e tow n o f e e un e un N Th n C . e a Ash vill , B comb co ty, . ‘ ‘ en n e f o r the e e i s Un ta ki sti i a . . ci t am sam Sit y y , q v

L e a s n v l l F l l . . Oc c o n e s t e e F a l l s i i , N C In a s a i a C o T r n y l v n N . C .

’ O e r the p r e c 1 p i c e it pl unges B ounds a n d surges down the steep

T hen it rushes fast and furi ous I a n nto mist d fog and spray .

2 38 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ Keto o wa h— e Kil h a s e u w . Ki t — i ‘ t uw a s ee K tu hw a .

‘ Kitu hw a a n importa n t an ci en t C h erok ee s ettl em en t e n e ee e a n d e en n form rly upo Tuckas g riv r , xt di g from above th e ju n ction of Ocon a l u ft ee down n e th e e en n C i n a n arly to pr s t Bryso ity , Sw i n N h n e s . T e e a C . s a cou ty , am , which app ar lso Ketto o a h Ki a Ki t i t e n tto t o w a etc . s a , , , , has lost m i n Th n h s g . e p eopl e o f this a d t e subordi n a te et tl em en ts o n the wat ers of th e Tu ck a s egee w e re ‘ ‘ n n a s An i - Kitu hw a i a n d th e n a e w a s k ow g , m e n fr qu e tly ext en d ed to i n clu de the whol e tribe . Fo r this r easo n it w a s adopt ed i n l ater tim es a s the n a e th e C e ee e e an a n m of h rok s cr t org iz tio , commo n ly k n ow n to th e whites a s th e Ketoo wah e e e th e e en e o f C e ee soci ty , pl dg d to d f s h rok n auto omy . ‘ ‘ u a— un - s e e a n s u e sa a kiy g gro d quirr l ; t w , ﬂyi g q irr l ; l li , e gra y s quirr l . ‘ l a — l n i K u sun a s ee T a usi y . ‘ ‘ n — e Ku a n l n i K oxvill e s e w da ta u y . ku —a n n e n n a en n a u i troductory xpla atio , to ﬁx tt tio , bo t ” equ ival en t to N o w ' ‘ ” n a the e ee o r eu kuku cymbli g ; lso jigg r w d , pl risy ” e Hi root ( As cl epi a s tu b er os a ) . C oco cr ek o f

w a s s ee e a n d C e - o fﬁc e i n n e riv r , ok r post , Mo ro n en n e ee e e e n a e s cou ty , T ss , d riv th ir m from thi

word . ‘ ‘ Ku l s etsi yi ( abbreviat ed Kul s e tsi ) Ho n ey - locust ‘ e kul s e tsi n e - u Gl edi ts chi a plac , from , ho y loc st ( ) ‘ a n d i e a s th e e kul s e tsi i s y , locativ ; sam word , , “ ” a se f o r th e a n a e ha s co m lso u d sugar , loc l m m o n l een en e e u n th y b r d r d S gartow by e tra ders . Th e n am e o f s evera l form er s ettl emen t pl a ces i n O C C ON E E C HE E 2 3 9

the o l d n n wa s u n e ee C h erok ee cou try . O e po K ow e n e th e es en a ee i n O n ee riv r , ar pr t F ll cr k , co l n . C . n e w a s o n n o r C u cou ty , S ; a oth r Sugartow ‘ l a sa ee Kul se ts i ee n ea th e esen n g ( ) cr k , r pr t Fra k l i n i n n w s o n u n N . C . a a , Maco cou ty , ; third S gar n ee n ea th e e en n n i n Fan tow cr k , r pr s t Morga tow ,

n i n un . co ty , Ga ‘ ‘ Kun n esee—s ee Tsi u - un s i n i y g . ‘ “ ‘ Kun stutsi i— a e kun stu tsi sa s y Sass fras plac , from , s a - n d i i n h e a a e . t e a fras , y , loc tiv A gap Gr t Smoky a n e u the ea o f N a n ee o n th e r g , abo t h d ol d cr k , n e e een N a n a a n d e e n li b tw orth C roli S vi r cou ty , n Te n . ‘ ‘ — kun u n u ( abbreviated kun un ) th e bullfrog ; the n a me i s probably a n on om a top e th e common green frog ‘ i s w a l a si a n d th ere a r e a l s o n am es f o r s eve ra l es f a n a other varieti o frogs d to ds . ‘ u a —C sa ee a n u e u o f N ottel e K s oo cr k , pp r trib tary y riv r , h e n ea a s e n n un e a . T r Bl ir vill , U io co ty , G orgi ‘ ‘ n e o f en a C ee see An i cha g acc t from Ku s ( r k , ‘ e Ku sa ) mak s it locative . ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ - n un n a hi— C ee a u sa C ee In Ku sa r k tr il , from K , r k ‘ ‘ u hi - n u n a n d N n n a a a . n dia , , p th , tr il ; cf Suwa li ‘ n e n C e ee e en . a e a hi A form r import t h rok s ttl m t , n n n e o f C ee an d a n i cludi g also a umb r r ks Shaw o ,

' wh e re the tra il from the Ohio regio n to th e creek un e en n e ee e th e es en co try cross d T ss riv r , at pr t n i n a un Al s u e e a . w a G t rsvill , Marsh ll co ty , It n n the e a s C ee - a n d e k ow to trad rs r k path , lat r as ’ n e a n n C e ee e - Gu t r s l di g, from a h rok mix d blood e n am ed Gu n t r . ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ Ku sw a ti yi ( abbreviated Ku Sa Vveti ) Ol d C reek ‘ ‘ e sa a C ee n n u a An i plac , from Ku , r k I dia ( pl r l ‘ ‘

u sa uwe ti ol d a n d i e . C o o sa watee k ) , , , y , locativ , OC C ON E E C HE E

a n importa n t C h erok ee settl em en t formerly o n the e o f C o o sa w a tee e i n n un low r part riv r , Gordo co ty , In n n th n s . o e u e e e a e e Ga doc m t am pp ar , by rror , T n s e aw a ttee .

‘ “ ‘ Ku w a hi— e e u a u e ee Mulb rry plac , from k w , m lb rry tr , ’ a n d C l i n m a n s e th ea e . e hi , locativ g dom , about h d ee ee o n th e ea n e b e of D p cr k , Gr t Smoky ra g ,

e n C . a n d e e un e n n N . y tw Swai cou ty , , S vi r co t ,

en n S ee e ee . T . a lso K ow ‘ ‘ ‘ Ku w a n da ta l un yi ( a bbrevi a te d Ku wa n da ta l un ) Mul ” ‘ e e u e the C e b rry grov , from k wa , mulb rry ; h ro k ee n e th e e en e n v e i n am for pr s t sit of K ox ill ,

n un en n . K ox co ty , T ‘ ‘ Kw a l u n i— u a ua l l a to w n th e e Kwa li , y Q all or Q , form r agen cy for th e E ast C h erok ee a n d n o w a post o fﬁc e n s e the ese n o n a statio , ju t outsid r rvatio , n ee i n n n N bra ch of Soco cr k , Jackso cou ty , orth “ h f r C n . t e C e ee o aroli a It is h rok form Polly , a n d th e station was s o - call ed from a n o l d woman ‘ n e e e n e a of that am who form rly liv d ar by ; Kw li , “ ” ‘ “ ’ ” l n he e w a u i e . T se Polly K y , Polly s plac r r n n n h u un a vatio is locally k ow as t e Q alla bo d ry . ‘ ‘ ‘ u—s l ik a kw a n daya h ee d a st .

‘ — - e la lu the jar ﬂy ( C i ca da a ul tes ) . — ‘ ‘ - e C en e e C o r n l an ter s ee Ata ul a u . Littl arp t r, Littl p g k l — Lo n g- hair a C h erok ee chi e f livi n g with hi s b a n d i n i n 1 Th e e a C e ee n s a n Ohio 795 . lit r l h rok tra l tio “ ‘ ‘ n - Gitl u un ahi ta b ut n ot cer of Lo g hair is g , it is tai n that th e E n glish n ame i s a correct r en d eri n g h i ‘—l ‘ i f An i h . n n . C G a of t e I dia form . ‘ — - n hi Lo n g Isla n d see Amay e li g u a ta . — ‘ ‘ Lookout Mou n tai n Town see Dan da an u ; — g o e a e e see . L wr y , M jor G org Ag ili

2 4 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ e tl u un o r tsu un a ee s a n n an d spruc , g i , g i , tr ( t di g) i e . 1 en C e ee s et . a n n y , locativ A tr ditio al a ci t h rok tl em en t o n th e e o f o n e s n n sit J sboro , Wa hi gto n e l h k r m. The n e N o i c u c e cou ty , T am of y riv r u 2 is proba bly a corr ptio n of th e sam e word . .

N a n - u n e o n N o ttel e e tsu g , a plac y riv r , clos to its

n n ee i n C e ee un N . C . ju ctio with Hiwass , h rok co ty , ‘ N n hi— N u a e s ee n n e hi .

‘ N n — e N un d a tahala s e aye li . N — D ‘ ‘ ashvill e s ee a g u n a w e l a hi . ‘ ’ N e —s An i - atch z ee Na tsi . — ‘ ‘ Nats a su n tl u n yi ( abbrevi at ed N a tS - a sun tl un ) Pi n e ’ ‘ n e n n e a sun tl i sun footi g plac , from a tsi, pi , or a ‘ tl u i n e a n d i e . e , footlog , bridg , y , locativ A form r C e ee e e en n n n a s n e h rok s ttl m t , commo ly k ow Pi log . o n th e ee th e a e n e i n un cr k of s m am , Bartow co ty , e G orgia . ’ n — n a tsi pi e . ‘ ‘—“ “ n a ts iku I ea t it I am eati n g n a — Li n er enzo i n tu li Spicewood ( d a b ) . ‘ ‘ a hi— e u e i N ye s e N n n h . ‘ —s i N a yu n uw i ee N un yun u w . ‘ ‘ ‘ n eh a n du a n u —a n n eha du a n u a n i r r e u y so g form for y , g “ ” n n i h lar v erbal form d e oti n g co ceiv ed n t e womb . — N el l a wg itehi given as th e n am e of a Low e r C h erok ee i n 1 68 The e a n d e n n chi e f 4 . corr ct form m a i g a r e un e n th e n ee b e both c rtai , but ﬁ al part s ms to ‘ “ ” ‘ i ‘ f . hi th e n f e . C Ta wa d a commo su ﬁx didi , kill r g e — e I sk u a N n eto o ya h s e ag . ‘ ‘ e s —s Ki kw i N qua s ee ee a s . ‘ — u i N ettec a w a w s ee Ga tay st . ‘ ‘ - —s a l e d n i i ski N ettle carri er ee T a g . — ‘ i N ew E N ew to w n s ee Its a t . chota , — ‘ N ic ka jack s ee Nikuts e g i . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 43

‘ ‘ Ni c o ta n i—se An i - u n e K ta i . ‘ ‘ ik ik — n N w a si . ( or N w si ) a n importan t a n ci en t s ettl em e t o n e en n es ee e e e n o w i s the n Littl T s riv r , wh r tow f n i n o n n un N . C . e Fra kli , Maco co ty , A larg

n he th n - e The mou d marks t Sit e of e tow hous . n e e i n o l d en N e ua s s ee am app ars docum ts as q ,

N a s e t I e n n i . uc se e c . ts s , m a i g lost ‘ ‘ ‘ Nikutse i Nu ka ts e i Nikw a tse i o r e e g ( also g , g , abbr viat d ‘ N ikuts e —N i c ka a c k an n C e ee g ) j , importa t h rok e e en 1 0 o n the n Ten s ttl m t , about 79 , south ba k of n es s ee e at th e en a n e Ni cka ac k ee riv r , tr c of j cr k , i en h hi cka n n n n . On e t e e C Mario cou ty , T of Fiv ‘ n k m Th e n n f m a ug a tow s ( s ee Tsi a a g i ) . e m a i g o the word is lost an d it is probably n o t o f C h erok ee n s i n the e a origi , although it occur also trib as ’ “ n n e I h N ma s am . n t e corrupte d form o f igger ” a th e n e o f a ee o f J ck , it occurs also as am cr k C e e a n n i n a n un ullasaja riv r abov Fr kli , M co co ty , N C . .

‘ N il a ue—s ee l - e a q Amaye gw . ‘ ‘ N l i h u k —S n a - l u un i o c c y ee N a t g y . N —a ee en e n e e i n n e otchy cr k t ri g T llico riv r , Mo ro Th n n e e n en n . e e e e cou ty , T am vid tly r f rs to N e n n e u ee e e i n atch z I dia r f g s , who form rly liv d ‘ the vici n ity ( s ee An i — ‘ ‘ N o ttel y s ee N a dul i ‘ n u— e f en e a n d u l e- n u us d as a su ﬁx to d ot , or also , “ ” ‘ ‘ “ ” “ ” ki - n n a n d n a s u a d a . also , that , th t also — i ‘ N u ca s s ee s ee Nikw a s . ‘ ‘— n u d un n el u h e did s o a n d s o : a n irregular form a p p a r en tl y co n n ected with the a rchaic form s ‘ ” a d un n i a e e s o a n d u dun n u g , it has just b com , , “ ”

e o r n e . it is matur d , ﬁ ish d ‘ — Nu a tsa n i a e S n n O n u ee e g ridg lopi g dow to co al ft riv r , OC C ON E E C HE E

e C e i n N . An e e n a n u . C b low h rok , Sw i co ty , a rcha ic form den oti ng a high ridg e with a long s e gradua l lop . ‘ — n u n a pota to ; the n ame w a s origi n ally applied to the “ ” Phas eo l us n ow s n u e wild pig potato ( ) , di ti g ish d

‘ ” a s i t h - n a a e i s e n . mu g , wamp dw lli g potato ‘ — ‘ ‘ ‘ n n the s un o n s n u e u n u d a i e hi u da or m o , di ti g ish d as g , ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ ‘ ‘ n n e n i n th e d a a n d n n n n a u da dw lli g y, u da su ‘ ” e n n n i h n In th ~ e n t e . e y hi , u da dw lli g ight sac r ed formulas the moo n is som etim es ca ll ed ‘ ‘ “ ” Ge a u a S u tal i dihi - e e n es y g g , or , Six k ll r, am n appare tly fou n de d upon myths n o w lost . ‘ ‘ — n u n da - dikan i a rare bird forme rly s een occasio n a lly i n th e C e ee n th e e ue old h rok cou try , possibly littl bl F l n e h eron ( l or id us c er u ea ) . Th e am s eems to “ ” - n h su n . s un e e t e . e a m a it looks at , i , g z r , from ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ n n sun a n d n a o r d ets i ka n a u da , , da ka , I am n looki g at it . ‘ ‘ ‘ n e i—s An i - un N u da w g ee N da w e g i . ‘ “ ‘ N n d — N s u a e e . e . n un n un a y li Middl ( i , oo day ) , from d , sen a n d a e e e C e ee e e y li , middl ; a form r h rok s ttl en o n N n e n e the e en a e m t a tahala riv r , ar pr s t J rr tt

- i n n N . s n n . C o e statio , Maco cou ty , , call d from th e high cliff s which shut out th e V i ew of the sun h u n til n ea rly n oo n . T e n am e app ears also a s N n n i l l e i a l l N a t a e N u n t a etc . a a tahala , y , , It app e rs to hav e b een appli ed prop erly o n ly to the poi n t o n the river whe re the cliffs a r e most p er p en dicu e the e e en e n n lar , whil s ttl m t its lf was k ow as ‘ ‘ “ B e Ka n u u n . . g la yi , ri rtow , q v ‘ ‘ ‘ N un da un i N un da i—th e S un an e g y , y l d , or ast ; from ‘ ‘ i n n a sun a n d a e . e i n th s e u d , , y , loc tiv Us d e acr d ‘ ‘ “ u n ea o f di a l un un i e e form las i st d g g y . wh r it ”

ses the n . ri , commo word

2 46 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ N n — s n e . u yu rock , to ‘ ‘ ‘ N u n u - u n w a m ski n un u y g Rock that talks , from y , ‘ n d i a n i n o a ts w hu . rock , , I am talki g A rock fr m n — ee C o o sa w a tee e which Talki g rock cr k of riv r , i n e e e e n . G orgia , d riv s its am ‘ ‘ — ‘ N un u n u w i n e N un u - un u wi n e y co tract d from y . Sto ” ‘ n u n u a n d a w a un w u clad , from y , rock , g , I am ” i u l r e e e . n e n v n e cloth d or cov r d A mythic mo st r , h abl e by reaso n o f hi s sto n y Ski n . T e n am e is e e e th n n an t also appli d som tim s to e sti gi g , a u t l a u n k h s n e e d s n a i a t ts s i . . a a ee , q v It lso b Sp ll d a N yun uw i . ‘ ‘ N un u - n N un u - tsu n ee- a y tlu gu i ( or y gu i ) Tr rock, n e o n ee e n the otabl rock Hiwass riv r , just withi

N . n e C . . li ‘ ‘ ‘ N un u - tw i s ka n un u a n d y Slick rock , from y , rock . twi sk a th e e a n un , smooth , slick ; form r m i s

n e th e 1 - ee en e . . cha g d for locativ Slick rock cr k , t eri n g Littl e T en n ess ee riv e r just within th e we st n 2 th e N . n e . C . e li of Graham cou ty , A plac at extr em e h ead of Bra sstow n creek of Hiwas s ee

e i n n s un Ga . riv r , Tow co ty ,

‘ — e w hi Oco ee s e U a g a . —s an l Ocon aluftee ee n u ti . ‘ n e —_ se k u n u Oco e e U w . ‘ n s a—s A n ta ta Oc o o to t ee g a s . ‘ ’ l e — e tsi d sa t O d Tass l s e U a . — ‘ Oolt ewah s ee Ul tiw a i . — ‘ ‘l i Oo sti n a l eh s ee U s ta n a . l — ‘ il ‘ i Oo th ea og a see Uy g a g . — uta c it Ota c ite Ota s si te s ee O . , y a Ota r i a ti u i— en n e a s e a en Ot ri , y q m tio d a plac , ppar tly o n he C e ee n e e i n t h rok fro ti r , visit d by Pardo OC C ON E E C HE E 2 47

1 ee 567 . Otari s ms to b e the C h erokee atari or n a n b ut th e e th e i s atali , mou t i , r st of word

doubtful . ‘ —s Ottare ee a tali . — Owa sta given a s the n am e o f a C h e rok ee chi e f i n 1 684 ; he n n en e t form ca ot b e id tifi d . ‘ ‘ u il l o —s e il a i O g gy e Uy g g . — Ou ta c ity giv en i n docum en ts as th e n am e or titl e of a n en C e e 1 2 promi t h rok e chi e f about 7 0 . It appears Ota c ite Otta s s ite Outa s sa ta h Wo o ta s s ite also as , , , a n d Wr o seta sa to w th e n n b e ( l ) , but form ca ot en e ee n n th e er id tifi d , although it s ms to co tai p ‘ “ ” f e n n e e . m e so al am su fix diha , kill r Ti b rlak says : Th ere a r e some oth er ho n orary titl es a mo n g e n e e i n e e n th e th m , co f rr d r ward of gr at actio s ; ” i s Ou ta c it o r Ma n - e a n d first of which y kill r , “ ” h e e n n h t s co d C olo a or T e Ra ven . —s u Outa s sa ta h ee O ta c ity . — ‘ Owass a see Ayuhw a si .

— ‘ Pai n t - tow n s ee An i ‘ ‘ - — N n a hi - Path kill e r se e u dihi . — l ‘ i ‘h en C e ee s ee Tsu e h sa n un i . Pho ix , h rok — Pigeo n River s ee Wayi . ‘ ’ —s An i - N Pi n e I n dia n s ee a tsi . ‘ — - u l i Pi n elog s ee N a ts a s n t un y . — Q ua l a tc h ee a form e r C h erokee s ettl em en t o n the h ead wat ers o f th e C hattahooch ee riv er i n G eorgia ; a n oth er o f the sam e n am e was upo n th e waters of Th 1 Keow ee rive r i n S . C . e correct form i s 1 n n kn ow . —s Q uall a ee Kwali . l — u x ul e Q ua x u e see G a . 2 4 8 OC C ON E E C HE E

ui n a ha u i—a e i n the C e ee un Q q plac , possibly h rok co try , s e i n 1 6 Th e an n b e vi it d by Pardo 5 7 . form c ot

iden tiﬁ ed . ‘ n sh — Tl n us i Q uo ea ee s ee a yi . — Rattl esn ak e Spri n gs s ee Utsa n a tiyi .

n - — e n i Rattli g Gourd s e Ga set . ‘ —s i R av en to w n ee Kal a n un y . ‘ — s E l a i R ed C lay ee w a d yi . ‘ ‘ — - k ts i e e e s ee e S a . R id , J ss Ts si ‘ ‘ e n —see N un n a hi - Ridg , Major Joh dihi ‘ ‘ n— e e u w i w i Ross Joh s G sg u .

‘ ‘ n — s a Ross La n di g ee Tsa t n u g i .

‘ —a e n n e n e th e e n e o f the a n Sadayi f m i i am , prop r am wom kn ow n to th e whit es a s An n i e Ax ; it can n ot b e n e tra s lat d . ‘ ‘ ‘ S a w a hi S a w un i O n e e s a wu o n e g , or g y plac , from g , , d i e o l u a n . ee Oc n a f hi or y , locativ Soco cr k of tee e o n th e E C e ee ese n i n riv r , ast h rok r rvatio , N N n n C . o e n Jackso cou ty , . satisfactory r aso is en th e n e ha s e i n giv for am , which its parall l ‘ “ ” Tsa ska hi e n e i n C e , Thirty plac , a local am h ro k n C . ee N . cou ty , ‘ ‘ sa w a l t — e o a s a wa l ihu a a u en g hors ; fr m g , p ck or b rd , ‘ “ a l l e a s g w a n ; th re is a pack o n him . ‘ ‘ ‘ — s a g w a l i dig u l a n a hi ta mul e ; literally lon g- ea red ‘ ‘ ‘ e s a w a l i e a n d di u l an ahi ta hors , from g , hors , g ,

q . v . ‘ sa ikw a i— e - E r n i i um the r een sn ak e y b ar grass ( y g ) also g , o n accou n t of a fan ci ed r esembla n c e ; th e n ame o f a form e r C h erok ee s ettl em en t o n S al l a co a creek o s w a te e i n n un C o a e . of riv r , Gordo co ty , Ga

2 50 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ ‘ An i a n u i th e e av a n uka Sw . v . C e a s S g , q , to r ks a n d to som e of the coast trib es o f C a rolin a as n I h e Sava n a . n old docum en ts t e riv er i s a lso call d ‘ Isun i d I s n i u e e . a im a u n v . n g , from g or S ca , q , porta n t form er C h erok ee s ettl em en t upo n i ts upp er

vva ter s .

‘ S a w a n u g i Shawa n o ( I n dian ) ; a ma sculin e person al n am e upo n th e E ast C h erok ee res erva tion a n d ‘ n en i h r h n e An i promi t n t e histo y of t e ba d . S e ‘ ‘ ‘ a w a n u i a n S g d Ka lahu . k— ‘ ‘ S a w n o o s ee Ka lahu . ‘ “ ‘ S chw a te i— n e e s e hw a tu n e a n d y Hor t plac , from , hor t , h e i e . C o w a a a n d y , locativ M ximum Swim Bald , n n e th e e C heo w e adjoi i g bald p aks at h ad of a riv r ,

N . n C . Graham cou ty , — s elu cor n ; som etim e s call ed in th e sacred formu las ‘l T l ” A aw e a he O d n . g , Woma ‘ ‘ ’ sel - n e u - n n e e tsi ( for s l tsi ) cor s moth r , from s lu , ‘ ‘ ‘ n a n d u ts i hi s e e s o r a i tsi cor , , moth r ( t i g , my ’ moth e r ) ; th e b ead - corn o r Job s - t ea rs ( C oix

l a cr yrn a . ) ‘ ‘ ‘ en e — s ee An i - N u n da w e i en e a e a n d S ca g ( S c trib ) , ‘

I su n i u . en a n g ( S ec tow . ) — ‘ ‘ S equa tc h ee s ee S i g w ets i — i S equoya s ee S kw a yi . — S etS i a mou n d a n d traditio n al C herok ee settl em en t o n the e th e e e a ee south sid of Vall y riv r , bout thr

e e e n i n C e ee un N . mil s b low Vall ytow , h rok co ty , h n h a n n e n . e C ; t e am e s lost its m ea i g . A s ettl m t call ed Ta s ets i ( Ta s s etchi e i n som e old docum en ts ) e e o n the e e e ea a se e xist d xtr m h d of Hiw s e riv r ,

i n n n . Tow s cou ty , Ga ‘ ‘ - - S evi er s ee Ts a n u sdi . — ‘ ‘ - Sho e boots see D a si g iya g i . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 5 1

‘ ‘ n —s ee Du s a l u Shooti g creek t ya n yi . ‘ ‘— Si g w ets i a traditio n al C h erok ee s ettl em en t o n th e south n en e n o t n ba k of Fr ch Broad riv r , far from K ox e n n en n N e w a s the u vill , K ox cou ty , T . ar by q arry from which it i s said th e sto n e for th e whit e p eac e n u h e e h n f h e e e . a tc t e e o t pip s was obtai d q , am e i n en n i e C n . s a riv r b low hatta ooga , T , probably h corruptio n of t e sam e word . ‘ s i dw a— n a th e n e the n o w hog ; origi lly am of opossum , ‘ ‘ i n e a s uts et st . . disti guish d si kwa , q v ‘ ‘ — “ S u ts et s ti s e n n n i kwa opos um ; lit rally gri i g hog , from ‘ ‘ “ ”

a n d uts et s ti he n a . Si kwa , hog, , gri s ( h bitually ) ‘ S ikw a i—a n e n e n en e u a y masculi am , commo ly writt S q oy , made famou s a s that of the i n ven tor of th e C h ero k Th n e n n ee e . e n b e alphab t am , which ca ot tra s e i s i n u s e n the E C e ee lat d , still upo ast h rok

r es ervatio n . ‘ Sikw i a— a n e n e th e C e ee n masculi am , h rok corruptio for ‘ - i e e S ee n u s d . S vi r . also Tsa ‘ — l n u Si n n a w a h s ee t a w a .

‘ ‘ ‘ ’ Si tiku su ta u i n e —a e C e ( or g , dial ctic form ) form r h ro k ee e e en o n e en n e ee e the en s ttl m t Littl T ss riv r , at C ee i n n n n n n e e u e . tra c of itico cr k , Mo ro co ty , T Th e n e n n b e n e i s am , which ca ot tra slat d , com m o n l e e C e o S a tti u o y sp ll d itico , but app ars als as q . et a Si tti uo e c e S t c o o e e t . S ttico , , S tt , q , ‘— ‘ i ‘ siyu s ee a s yu . ‘ ‘ ‘ Ski n ta — ski n ta u n e e n n ew for g , u d rstood to m a put a ” h n e n . T e n b e n tooth i to my jaw word ca ot a alyz d , ‘ but i s d e rived from g a n tka ( ga n t a g a i n a dial ectic i n e e i form ) a tooth plac ; a tooth d tach ed s kayu g a . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ —“ — - Skw a n digu g u n yi ( for As kw a n digu g un yi wh ere " h n i s i n th e e e t e Spa iard wat r ( or oth r liquid ) . A e o n e ee o n the e e n i n plac Upp r Soco cr k , r s rvatio

n N C . s n . J a ck o cou ty , 2 5 2 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ —s ee N un u t wi ka Slick Rock y a s . — ‘ N . S Ts l hi . ee a a di . Smith , J ‘ n —s i i S owbird ee Tut y . ‘ ee —s ee Sa a hi Soco cr k g w . ‘ —see Soco Gap Aha lu n a . ‘ S o uee—s e a k i i q e S w y . — i ‘ VV. e i l i n . . s W s Spray , H e ‘ ‘ n - — S Spri g frog ee Du stu . ‘ n n n n — - l i Sta di g I dia s ee Y u n wi tsu en un y . ‘ n — e Sta d Wati e s e D e g a ta g a . ‘ S te k o a— s ee S tik a i y . ‘ s te ts i e e ff n your daught r lit rally , your o spri g ‘ “ ” ‘ “ a w e ts i f n u w e ts i hi s ff n g , my o fspri g ; , o spri g ‘ n s ex n e e a s a a to disti guish it is c ssary to add g y . “ ” ‘ ”

m a n a e h a n . or g y , woma ‘ S ti ka i e e S teco e S teec o S teko ah y ( variously sp ll d , y , , ti ck t — e e e e S o e e c . th e n e C y , ) am of s v ral form r h ro k 1 ti c o e n n ee e e en : . S a e e C s ttl m ts cr k, ar layto , t e n n 2 . h Ga . o n e ee e Babu cou ty , ; Tuckas g riv r at old Thomas hom est ead just above the pres en t

e i n n N . . n teko a n u . C o S Whitti r , Swai co ty , ; 3 ee e en n e ee e f ew e e cr k of Littl T ss riv r , a mil s b low h l i n n the n N a n t N C . n a a a u . ju ctio of , Graham co ty , ‘ r i ﬁel —s l e s i S t n g d ee T a g . ‘ ‘ i s i i k — k e s tu t s tu s i a . g , y — ‘ h ‘ The s ee Un ti u i . Suck , g ‘ ‘ —s l t i Sugartow n ee Ku se si y . ‘ ‘— ‘ su n awa s ee tl a n uw a . ‘ “ ‘ ‘ l — s s n s un l ta s u n est a ta Split n os es ee t u u liy u es t a . — su n gi mi n k ; also o n io n ; th e n am e s eems to re f er to a e th e n a r e a e en e a sm ll ; various mi ks c ll d g ric lly , ‘ gaw su n gi . ‘ — k i ‘ i uki i n e Sa w . . S y a oth r form of y , q v ‘ ‘ — he ee n is th e su li buzzard ; t C r k am e e sam .

2 54 OC C ON E E C HE E

The n n n e as Glass , from a co fusio of this am ‘ dak e i a a t . with , gl ss , or mirror ‘ “ ” ‘ ‘ Ta w a hi— C e Ata wa o r a a g atawba plac , from g T gw ,

C n an a n d a e . n e atawba I di , hi , loc tiv A am occur

ri n g i n s ev e ra l pl a c es i n the old C h erok ee cou n try . e e en o f n e n n th e e a s A s ttl m t this am , k ow to whit s n c a ee ea C Toccoa , was upo To co cr k , st of larks i e n e n Ga . n e n vill , Hab rsham cou ty , ; a oth r was upo O ee e th e e en Toccoa or co riv r , about pr s t Toccoa , i n n n n n a e e n n G . e o Fa i cou ty , ; a third may hav b e n ee i s n n th e C e P rsimmo cr k , which k ow to h ro ‘ kee a s Ta w a hi a n d en e s see e e g , t rs Hiwa riv r som

n e e u i n e ee n N C . C . dista c b low M rphy , h rok cou ty , ‘ ‘ a hk e s — n ki s T yo tee see U ta ya ti yi . — ‘ Tahl equah s ee Ta l ikw a ‘ —s a l ik Tahch ee ee T w a . ‘ ‘ k k —s Ta a to a ee D e g a ta g a . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ l — e ta a du e e a u e . ( abbr viat d t ld ) tw lv , from ta li two ‘

f e . C . u tala t , crick t ‘ ‘— Ta lasi a form er C h e rok ee s ettl em en t o n Little Ten h e ee e Tal a s s ee i n n n ss riv r about ford , Blou t cou ty , m n er The n e i ts n . T . am has lost m ea i g ‘ ‘ Ta l a s e — ee s e s T a lasi . ‘ — ‘ ‘ tala tu crick et ; som etim es also call ed di ta staye ski ( q . “ ” ‘ ‘ h l e . a du e . t e e C f . t a barb r , tw lv ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Ta l e d n i i s k i l e d n i i s i i n e a g ( Uta a g a . dial ctic form ) “ u en e e th e e e - e vario sly r d r d by whit s H mp carri r , “ ” ” ‘ N e e - e flax - e e a ttl carri r or tot r , from tal t or ‘ uta l e ta Li n u rn o r ee Pi l ea u mi l a , flax ( ) richw d ( p ) ‘ “ ” a n d d a n i i ski he e e g , carri s th m ( habitually ) e n en e o n e e i n A form r promi t chi f Vall y riv r , e e n N n C e C a . h rok cou ty , orth roli a — Talihi n a given as th e n am e o f the C h erok ee wif e of u n n n e Samu el Ho sto ; th e form ca ot b e id n tifi ed . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 5 5

‘ Ta l ikwa o n en e Tel i uo i n th e ( c mmo ly writt T llico , q or , n an e e —the n e o f sev I di T rritory , Tahl quah ) am e C e ee e e en f e en e v 1z ral h rok s ttl m ts at di f r t p riods ,

1 . e e o a t e n s o n e e Gr at T llic , T llico Plai , T llico riv r , i n n e n en n . 2 . e e o n Mo ro cou ty , T ; Littl T llico , e ee e en n e ee e ten T llico cr k of Littl T ss riv r , about

e e n n n u n N . C . . mil s b low Fra kli , Maco co ty , 3 n o n e e ﬁv e e a e a tow Vall y riv r , about mil s bov i u n C e ee un N . e u C . a M rphy , h rok co ty , . ; 4 T hl q ah , e e th e the C e ee N n stablish d as capital of h rok atio ,

In Ter . 1 h d . i 8 T n n h n e n . e e t e a , 3 9 m a i g of m is

lost . ‘ — Ta l i w a th e Sit e o f a tra ditio n al ba ttl e b etw een th e C e ee a n d C ee 1 o n un n h rok r ks about 75 5 , Mo tai ee E i cr k o f towah rive r n upp er Georgia . Probably n o t a C h e rok ee but a C reek n am e from ‘ ‘ th e i t l u n e C e a a . r k ta lua or , tow ‘ - — u - n s ki Talki n g rock see N nyu g un w a i . ‘ — e Ta l ul u Tallulah s e . ‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ ‘ - tsu sk a — - ea a n d tsu s k a Tal Two h ds , from ta li , two , , ‘ hi s e e e e . C e plural of uska , ( ) h ad A h rok chi f th e e 1 80 0 n n th e e about y ar , k ow to whit s as

Doubl ehead . ‘ — e n n en e sh e i s e taluli pr g a t ; wh c aluli , ( ) a moth r , n said of a woma . ‘ Ta l ul u n a n d a e n i n o l d u ( commo ly Tallulah , pp ari g doc en th e e e a s Ta r u r a w m ts , from Low r dial ct , , To r e —a n n i n o r Tu o r ee tc . e u ruro , , ) am occ rri g two

i n h C e e n : 1 . e e t e e . mor plac s old h rok cou try , viz An a n ci en t s ettl em en t o n the upp er part of Tal

e i n n n e 2 . n lulah riv r , Rabu cou ty , G orgia ; a tow o n ee C heo w a e i n Tallulah cr k of riv r , Graham T e n N . . h u e n e un C . co ty , word is of c rtai tymology ‘ l ‘ The d ul u s i frog i s said to cry ta ul u . The n ot ed OC C ON E E C HE E

falls upo n Tallulah rive r a r e kn ow n to the C hero ‘ k ee un i U . as g y , q . v ‘ ‘ T l un ti ki— e A l i a s s e ta u n ti sk . ‘ — a a n e n en o m o tl e o r T ma li am , commo ly writt T y Toma n i n e a e i n th e tola , occurri g at l ast two pl c s old C e e n I f ew e . On e e h rok cou try , viz Vall y riv r , a e e th e e en To m a to l a mil s abov Murphy , about pr s t , i n N 2 n n C e ee n . C . . 0 11 e e e h rok cou ty , Littl T s s ee e e f ew es a e riv r , about Tomotl y ford , a mil bov e Th n e i n n e n er m. e a e T llico riv r , Mo ro cou ty , T m n n b e n e a n d b e C ee n ca ot tra slat d , may of r k origi , a s that trib e had a tow n of th e sam e n am e upon h t e low e r C hattahoochee riv er .

‘ — a n e n n b e n e n Tauasi am which ca ot a alyz d , commo ly e e en n e ee n i n e e es i n sp ll d T ss , occurri g s v ral plac th C e n 1 n Ten e e e . O e old h rok cou try , viz Littl — n es s e e riv e r about half way b etw een C itico a n d e 2 l d e i n n e n en n . . O Toco cr ks , Mo ro cou ty , T ” en n e ee n o n ee e T ss tow , Hiwass riv r , a short dis n e e th e n n O ee i n n ta c abov ju ctio of co , Polk cou ty ,

- en n . . On en n e ee ee e e T 3 T ss cr k, a h ad str am of i C . e ee e n n n N . Tuckas g riv r , Jackso cou ty , a n a s u i e i n I 6 e T q , visit d by Pardo 5 7 , may hav

b een a n oth e r plac e of th e sam e n am e . — ‘ Ta n a s qui s ee Ta n a s i ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Ta s ki i e e Ta ski i i Da s ki i i the ( abbr viat d from or , g g y g—y locativ e yi b ei n g commo n ly omitted ) a n ame

en Ta e - k eo - e n Ta s variously writt g ( mispri t) , T esk e e Tus c a e e de e e ee etc . quiqui , g , g , Tusk g , , rive d from that of a foreign trib e i n corporated th e C e ee a n d n a n a e with h rok , occurri g as a loc l m i n h e e e a n d i n t both t C h rok e h e C reek coun try . I Th n e en n n . e pri cipal s ttl em t of this am e w a s o e en n e ee e s a e th e un c n o f Littl T ss riv r , ju t bov j tio

2 58 OC C ON E E C HE E

k l e h e e . Tuc a c e o n e e in un 3 cov , Littl riv r , Blo t un n n e e th e . a e s e co ty , T , which prob bly pr s rv

aborigi n al local n ame . The n a m e app ea rs i n ol d docum en ts as Tuc ka r ech ee ( Low e r di a l ect ) a n d Tu cka l e ee a n d n o t b e n n e g , must co fou d d with i ‘ i T k ts u e . n s si or T ckas gee It can ot b e tran sla ted . Tim o s s —s ee To m a s see y . ‘ Tl a g e s i the C h erok ee n am e for Li euten a n t ' l in n . C n e . W . Str ﬁe d e e N C olo l W g of Way svill , . , o n e of th e ofﬁc e rs of th e C h e rok ee con ti n gen t i n th e n a n n e e Thomas L gio . It is abbreviat ed re d r

i n g of his prope r n ame . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ tl a e s i tun — a n tl a e s i a - n o n the g so g form for g stu i , ” h e e o f t e e . dge ﬁ ld , from a str am ‘ ‘ ‘ m — a m s tl a eh a e ts eha t a w eh a . bat ( dial ctic forms , , ) ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ tl a n u s i —ee e tsa n u s i l ch ( dial ctic form , ) ‘ ’ “ Tl a n u s i i e e Tl a n u s i — ee e y ( abbr viat d ) L ch plac , for m er importan t s ettl em en t at th e j un ctio n o f Hi w a s see a n d e e th e e en e Mu r Vall y riv r , pr s t sit of e i n C e e n N . C . n o n phy , h rok cou ty , ; also a poi t No ttel e f ew e n i n th e e y riv r , a mil s dista t , sam n Th n e a s l en n u e . e e C s cou ty am app ars also . l n a s K a us un a uo e h ee etc . , Q , ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ tl a n u w a di a l eti c tsa n u w a n S i n n a w a h ( forms , , su awa , — a mythic great hawk . ‘ ‘ ‘ tl a n uw a u s di littl e tl a n uw a probably the goshawk A r i a il l ( s tu r a t c p us ) . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Tl a n uw a a ts i Y el un i su n yi wh e re the Tl a n uw a cut ” ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ u a i l u i s n tl n w . v n d ts e n ku a . a a it up , from , q , y , ‘ ‘ “ f o r ts i u n il un i sku u n archaic form g , I am c tti g ” ' A n n n u . e o e e e ee e n e it p plac Littl T ss riv r , arly e th e en tr a n ce o f C ee i n n opposit itico cr k , Blou t

un en n . co ty , T OC C ONE E C HE E 2 59

‘ ‘ ‘ Tl a n uwa i Tl a n uwa a e a a e o n the n s e pl c , c v orth id o f enn e ee i e s o an e e the en T ss r v r , a h rt dist c b low

a n e o f C ee i n un un enn . tr c itico cr k , Blo t co ty , T ‘ tl a ku — a e y jay ( di l ctic form, ‘ tl un ti sti—the ea n B on a s a u m b el l a e a ph sa t ( ) , call d loc lly u e o r e gro s partridg . l ‘ — ‘ ki t un tu tSi n e e sun tu s . pa th r ( dial ctic form , t ) ‘ tl utl u —the n a e marti bird ( di l ctic form , To c a x—a a e en i n th e C e ee un pl c , appar tly h rok co try , vis i i n 1 6 e ted by Pardo 5 7 . It may possibly hav a ‘ con n ection with Toxaway ( s ee D uk sa i ) or To c ‘ e a hi c o a ( s e Ta g w ) . — ’ Toccoa see Tag wa hi . ‘ — D a k a i Toco see w . — ‘l ‘ To l l un tees kee see Ata un ti ski . — To m a s see ( also writt en Tim o s sy a n d Tym ah se ) th e n a m e o f tw o o r mor e former C h erokee s ettle T m en 1 . On o a ssee ee o f e ee m ts , viz cr k K ow n n 2 Ten e i n e o C . . n O e . O e riv r , co c u ty, S ; Littl n es see e n ea the en n e u n n n riv r , r tra c of B r i gtow h 1n n N . T e e ee a n C . cr k , M co cou ty , corr ct form u a n d i n te rpretatio n a r e n kn ow n . l — ‘ To m a to a e s ee . , Tomotl y Tama li To o a n tuh—s ee

‘ — u il u 1 To og el a h se e D g y . — ‘ Toqua s ee Da kw a i . ‘ — u Toxaway see D kas i . ‘ ‘ —s ee D a ts u n a l u n i Track Rock gap a sg y . ‘ — Tsa g a Si a C h ero k ee sprit e . ‘ ‘ — th h e n e e i e e t o e . tsa gi upstr am , up road ; c v rs of g ‘— ‘ Tsa iyi See U n tsaiyi . ‘ ‘ — e N h E l a ihi . . t e Ts a d C hi f J Smith of ast C h e rok ee . “ ” Th e n e b e en e e C a e - e am might r d r d h rl y kill r , “ ” ‘ “ ” C e a n d e i n c o m~ from Tsali , harl y , dihi , kill r ( 2 60 OC C ON E E C HE E

n e e e e a en f o r positio ) , but is r ally a C h rok e quiv l t e e n e Jarr tt his middl am , by which h a u i e w n f T hi . s e e . a a d fr q tly addresse d C . g w ‘ “ ” - a a un l i— ts a l u a a n d tsal g y old tobacco , from , tob cco , ‘ ‘ a a u n l i a a un l i e o l d n en th e N i co g y or g y g , , a ci t ; l i a n a r us ti a c or wild toba cco . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ — Tsa lagi ( Tsa r a g i i n Low er dial ect ) th e correct form e of C h erok e . ‘ Tsa li - C harl ey a C h erok ee shot f o r resisti n g the troops h e e at t tim e of R moval . ‘ “ ” ts al i u sti— - e ts a l u a a n d y tobacco lik , from , tob cco , ‘ i u sti e a en e n e th e n a y , lik ; g ric am for cardi l

e e n a n d e e e es . ﬂow r , mull i r lat d sp ci tsa l u ts a l un i n th e e e ts a r u — or ( Low r dial ct , ) tobacco ; by compariso n with ki n dre d forms th e oth er “ Iroquoia n dial ects th e m ea n i n g ﬁr e to hold i n u n n s the mo th seem s to b e i n dicated . La m a sp ell

- it tso l un g h . ‘ m — e l a m eh ts a eha s e t a .

‘ ‘ ‘ “ i k - n i sk a i a ts a n a d s a tsa d e s . for , th y y ‘ ‘ ‘ —“ ” “ tsa n a s eha i s o e s a e sa a . th y y, th y y bout him ‘ ‘ ‘ tsa n e n i—th e n e - da n e i s ki scorpio lizard ; also call d gi ga g ,

q . v . n — n Tsa i Joh . ‘— Ts a n ta w u a m a sculi n e n a m e which ca n n ot b e an alyz ed . ‘ —“ ” Tsa n - u g a s ita Sour Joh n ; the C h erok ee n am e f o r en e n e e a n d th e n e o f the G ral Joh S vi r , also boy am ‘ C e n s e n n Gu wi s hi f Joh Ros , aft rward k ow as ‘ ‘ “ i ikw i a C e ee e S e u . S w . g , q v , a h rok att mpt at ’ ” e i s n e n e n the E a st C her o vi r , a masculi am upo

k ee r es ervatio n . ‘ ‘— ‘ i ‘ ts a n u s i s ee tl a n u s .

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ — l u ts a n uwa see t a n wa . ‘ ‘— Ts a r ag i C h erokee .

2 62 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ Tsa w a i— e s a C h rok ee Sprite . ‘ ‘ tsa w eha—s e l a m h e t e a .

‘ ‘ tsa ku —see tl ku y ay . ‘ ‘— Ts ek s i n i a C h erok ee form for th e n am e o f Gen era l n e n A dr w Jackso . ‘ Ts es a n i— es sa n a e a e esse J , prob bly a d riv tiv from J ; a masculin e n a m e upo n th e E ast C h erokee r eserv a i n t o .

‘ ‘ ‘ e - Ska ts i e e e e e e en Ts si Scotch J ss J ss R id, pr s t

e th e E C e ee so - e e au e o f chi f of ast h rok , call d b c s n mixed Scotch a cestry . ‘ “ ts etsa n i l i — e e e e e n , thy two ld r broth rs ( mal Sp aki g) “ ” ‘l i e e e e ea n un i n i . my ld r broth r ( mal sp ki g) , g ‘ “ a u n i— n e e ts a a n s e a n d i n g y I s ct plac , from g y , i ct , y , e i n h e locativ e . A cav t e ridge a stward from i n n n a n n N C . Fra kli , M co cou ty , . — ts a a n e etc . g y i s ct , worm , ‘ Ts i ka m a i—a n e n e e C au a g am , commo ly Sp ll d hickam g , occurri n g i n at l ea st two places i n th e o l d C hero k ee n h a s a n ea n n i n C e cou try , which lost y m i g h ro k ee a n d app ears to b e o f foreign orig i n . It is appli ed to a small cr eek a t th e h ea d o f C ha t t h h e i n n a n d s a o o c e e e u G . a riv r, Whit co ty , , al o to th e district about th e so uth ern ( n o t th e n orth er n C a ee n n en n es ee ) hickamaug cr k , comi g i to T s e a f ew e a e C a n a i n a riv r , mil s bov hatt oog , H mil en n In 1 h e to n n . t e e s cou ty , T 777 , mor ho til por tio n o f th e C h erok ee withdrew from the res t o f th e e a n d e e e e e e e en trib , stablish d h r a larg s ttl m t , from which they remov ed abou t ﬁv e years later e e e n th e en n e ee i n a e e to s ttl low r dow T ss , wh t w r kn ow n as th e C hicka ma uga tow n s o r Five Lo we r s town . OC C ON E E C HE E 2 63

‘— tSiki a word which ren ders empha tic th a t which it fol ‘ “ ” ’ “ s : a s a stu e a stu ts iki es o f low , v ry good , , b t ” all . ‘ ts ikiki — h h e n n t e katydid ; t am e i s a n o om a tope . ‘ ‘— tsi kil il i th e C aroli n a C hickadee ( Pa r us Ca r ol i n ens i s ) ; h n n n a e t e am e is a o om top . ‘ ‘ Ts ik si ts i ( Tu k Si tSi i s dialectic form ; commo n ly written Tuckas egee ) a form e r C he rok ee s ettl em en t about the ju n ctio n o f th e two forks o f Tucka se e i n ee e e n n N . C . g , abov W bst r , Jackso cou ty , ‘ n t b e n n e Tikw a l i ts o i . ( to co fou d d with , q 2 e e e en o n n o n . A form r s ttl m t a bra ch f Bra sstow

ee ee e i n n s un Ga . cr k of Hiwass riv r , Tow co ty , n Th e word ha s lost its mea i n g . ‘ Ts i n a w i— a C e ee ee e a th i n h rok wh lwright , p rh ps e first h n - t e N atio n to mak e a spi n i n g wheel a n d loom . Th n a e a n n b e n e e m c ot a alyz d . ‘ tsi n e u I am picki n g it ( som ethi n g lo n g) up i n the ‘ n I i i e a d e a e ts n i u . Low r Middl di l cts , g ‘ ‘ i i u—s ts i u ts n ig ee n e . ‘ — tsi ska g il i the large r ed c r a wfish the ordi n a ry c r a wfish ‘ i n a is called ts stu . ‘ i sk — ts w a bird . ‘ ‘ i k a— i s k ts s w a w o n ts wa . g r bi , from , bird ‘ ” ‘ Ts i skw a hi e ts i s kwa a n d Bird plac , from , bird , hi , e n e e en n h E e o locativ . Birdtow s ttl m t o t e ast C h r

k e e n i n n n N . ee C . r s rvatio , Swai cou ty , ‘ — “ i sk a a e n e . ts w . y sparrow , lit rally pri cipal bird ( i , ‘ e e ts i s kwa a n d most wid ly distribut d ) , from , bird ,

s f en n n e . ya , a u ﬁx d oti g pri cipal or r al ‘ ‘ " Ts i s kwu n s di a ds i sti i— e e e e e- y wh r th y kill d Littl bird , “ ”

Ts i skw u n s di e . from , littl birds ( plural form ) e n e the e e ff ee A plac ar h ad of W st Bu alo cr k ,

n i n n . t e e N . C sou h ast of Robbi svill , Graham cou ty , OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ ‘ Tsil al u h i ee - a e tsil a l u s ee um Sw t gum pl c , from , w t g L u i a e e i d mba r a n a e . e ( q ) d hi , loc tiv A form r s ttl m en t o n a small bran ch of Br a s stow n creek o f ee e u n th e n e o f n Hiwass riv r , j st withi li Tow s

n a . Th n i s n e n e G . e e e cou ty , am e i corr ctly r d r d

- Gum log ( creek ) . ‘ “ Ts i stets i i— e a e tsi stetsi use a n d y Mous pl c , from , mo ,

i a e . e s e e en on u y , loc tiv A form r ttl m t So th e ee o f ee e i n a e Mous cr k , Hiwass riv r , Br dl y h n er m. T e e en n o f C e e a n cou ty , T pr s t tow l v l d , u n th e a e ee n n th e C e ee po s m cr k , is k ow to h rok n e h u d r t e s am e n am e . ‘ “ ‘ - — ts is t . u a ts i stu imo gosto rabbit foods ( pl r l ) , from , ‘ ‘ a n d u n i i s ti a o f rabbit , g , plur l agi sti , food , from ‘ “ ”

. tSi i i n Th y g u I am eati g ( soft food ) . e wild

rose . ts i tu— s rabbit . ‘ — ts i stu n a c r a w ﬁsh ; the a e - n e ee e i s a s o _ l rg hor d b tl lso ‘

Th ed r a w ﬁ h i s e i sk il i . call ed . e large r c s call d ts a g ‘ “ ” Ts i stu i— e tsi s tu a a n d i y Rabbit plac , from , r bbit , y , 1 e f h e a e . . e o t e loc tiv Gr gory bald , high p ak Gr at n e e e en n es see Smoky ra g , astward from Littl T e o n th e n e een n n riv r , bou dary b tw Swai cou ty ,

N . . n d n n n n 2 C a e . . e , Blou t cou ty , T A form r s ettl em en t o n th e n orth ba n k of Hiwass ee riv e r the en n e C hestu a ee i n n at tra c of cr k , Polk cou ty , en n The n f ho a ste ee o f T . am e o C a cr k T ugaloo

i n n n . e O ee . C a a riv r , co cou ty , S , is probably lso

corruptio n from th e sam e word . ‘ “ Ts i a hi— O e e tsi u e a n d i a y tt r p lac , from y , ott r , y , loc e e e C h eo w a C h eeo wh ee tiv ; variously sp ll d , ,

h h . 1 e e e n C ew o e C e e etc . S e , h w , A form r ttl m t

. r a n h e h n o n a b c e ee e n t , e e of K ow riv r , ar e pr s t

‘ ' ‘

n C . . e n d C e ee O ee n . 2 a h oh co cou ty, S A form r

2 66 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ ‘ Ts u di n un ti yi Throwi n g- down plac e a form er set tl em en t o n e N a n a a a e i n a o n low r t h l riv r , M c

un N C . co ty , . ‘ ‘ ‘ Tsu i du l i ul s i sti tsu idu l i u a u idul i o n e g g ( from g , pl r l of g , th e n n ea e s o f a n d of lo g wi g or tail f th r a bird , ‘ ’ ul s i s ti ul s i ta an e —th e e e o r ea e g or g , a d c ) f ath r gl dan ce ‘ Ts uki l u n n u n yi Wh ere h e alighted two ba ld Spots o n a mou n t a i n at th e h ead of a Littl e S n owbird

e e n e n e G a un N . C . cr k , ar Robbi svill , rah m co ty , ‘ ‘ il i — l i s i u n i . ts s u n i . g plural of g , q v ‘ ‘ su i n i s — n i i s i i u n . t n . g plural of g , q v ’ “ ” s un kin tl i— m n e e n t a y you ge r broth ers ( mal sp aki g) . ‘ “ ” — m n e n ts un kita y you ge r broth ers ( f m al e sp eaki g) . ‘ ‘ ts ul — ts ul u n e n d tl utl u o r tsul su a . s a fox ; cf , ki gﬁ h r , ‘ e n Th n . Th C e marti . e black fox is i a li e r k word

for fox i s ch ula . ‘ l i— h n tsu a sk alligator ; t e n am e is of u ce rta i n etymology . ‘ ‘ “ ” l s i u n i— n e ucka see Tsu a n y Footpri t plac . A plac e o n T e e e ee ee in a n riv r , about a mil abov D p cr k , Sw i N un . C . co ty , ‘ ‘ l — Tsul un Tsu a wi s ee w e i .

‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ Ts ul e h i sa n un hi— e u e e On e di wa l e R s rr ct d , from g ‘ “ “ i s hi s a n un h w a s e u e e . e a wa , I r s rr ct d lit r lly , I ” ‘ ‘ ‘ n T ul e hi s n un hi n a n d e e . a s a dow hav ris Tsa l gi , , the C h erok ee titl e of th e n ewspap er kn own to th e e h ee whit es a s th e C h e rok ee Pho n ix . T e C h erok titl e w a s d evis ed by Worcester a n d Bou din ot as

suggesti n g the id ea of th e pho en ix of class ic fabl e . “ Th e I n dia n n am e of the r ecen t C h e rok ee Adv o ” ‘ ‘ s l i cat e is Tsa lagi A de ski . ‘ “ ” a n n - e es e a he ha s e s an Tsul k lu Sla ti g y , lit r lly th m l t i n g ( or l ea n in g up aga i n st som ethi n g) th e p r e ts a e it a a n d th e n a e i s un ﬁx m k s a plur l form , m OC C ON E E C HE E 2 67

' d er st0 0 d e e to the e es a l th ou h the to r f r y , g word ‘ ‘ f e e a n ot a . C . y ( akta , plural dikt ) is part of it ‘ ‘ Ata - ul kal n h g u . A mythic gia n t a d rul er o f t e Th n e ul l a gam e . e am has b een corrupted to Juta c n — ut u l l n l l d a d Tuli cula . J a c a rock a d Juta cu l a o e the e e e e i n ﬁ lds about h ad of Tuckas g e riv r , on N C n a e e n a e Jacks , orth aroli a , t k th ir m from

him . ‘ ‘ ‘ T u l ka l u tsun e u n i— s T un n i s g y ee s eg u y . ‘ — tsu l i e n a th e n uthatch ( S i tta. ca r o l i n ens i s ) ; th e word “ ” sign iﬁ es lit erally deaf ( a plu ral form re ferri n g ‘ the ea r e n o e n en f o r to , gul ) although r aso is giv

such a n am e . — l ~ i ﬁ f l ts u u k n sh r . C su a t . g e . ‘ f ‘ Tsul un w e i— e e Ts ul un we Ts ul a wi o s ( abbr viat d or , p s ib l n n e e ts ul u ki n ﬁsh er —C ee y co ct d with , g ) hilhow

ee n e - en n e see e cr k , a orth tributary of Littl T s riv r ,

i n n n en n e ee . Blou t cou ty , T ss ‘ Tsun da n il ti yi wh ere th ey dema n ded the debt from ” e o n e S an teeta l e e o f him ; a plac Littl riv r, w st i n n n n e u N C . Robbi svill , Graham co ty , orth aroli a The creek also is commo n ly kn own by th e same

n am e .

‘ ’ Ts un di e wi C e n e e e e e g los d a us s , lit rally th y hav th m e e n e . n e th e u clos d , u d rstood to r f r to a s ; from ‘ ‘ di e w i e e e u n g , plural of g wi , clos d, stopp d p , bli d ; ‘ l ‘ “ Ts ul ka l u Gu i s e wi n e . cf . ; also g , Bli d, or clos d

e a n e n n e . ars , old p rso al am

‘ ‘ ‘ Tsu n di w un tski n e ts u n di w un tsu i g ( co tract d from g g , “ e e e e e e n th e th y hav th m fork d, r f rri g to e p culiar ‘ Ts ul k l u — fork ed tail ; cf . a ) a migratory bird which o n ce app eared for a short tim e upo n th e E C e ee e e n en the ast h rok r s rvatio , appar tly , from e n the - e ﬂ d scriptio , scissortail or swallow tail d y Mi l o u l us or a tus catche r ( f ﬁc ) . 2 68 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ ‘ Ts u n eg un yi ( som etim es ca lled Tsul kal u Tsun eg un yi en n es ee th e e hea d o f Tuck a se T s Bald, at e xtrem ee e o n th e e n e o f a n un g riv r , ast li J ckso co ty , “ N h e n e e orth C aroli n a . T e n a m e s eem s to m a th r ” e e e a e n n wh r it is whit , from ts , pr ﬁx i dicati g dis ‘

n e un e a e a n d i a e . ta c , g , whit , y , loc tiv l ‘ — Ts n i h u v . r u t e f o r s u . a t a kalu plural form T l kal , q , diti o n a l n i e gia t trib e n the w st . ‘ ts un i s tsa hi n t0 n o ts o r e s havi g p cr st , from ‘ “ ” ‘ “ u s tsa hu n n u stsa hi h e ha s a havi g a topk ot , , n topk ot ( habitually ) . ‘ Ts un iya tig a Nak ed P eopl e litera lly Th ey a r e ” ‘ n e e e u a ti a n e S n a ak d th r , from y g , ak d ( i gul r ) , th n n e e a n a e . a with pr fix ts , i dic ti g dist c A tr di n l e ti o a w stern tribe . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ n - a - e n - - a un - tsu l a - a s n tsu k wi y , tsu Sikwa y , ts y , t u ‘ ‘—“ - a I n e a e a wa ya y am ( tsu or tsi , v rb l pr fix ) ‘ e e n un f ee a r al ( ya , y , o su fix ) d r ( kawi , rchaic ‘ f o r u a f o x tsul a a Oposs m , si kw ; , ; wolf ,

n . wa ya . Archaic so g forms ‘ ‘ ‘ tsun s di — n e tsun s di a th e u a Of us di a co tract d from g , pl r l g i ‘ o r us d s . , mall ‘ ‘ “ Ts un u l a hu n s ki— He e b ut s a u tri s , fail ( h bit ally ) , from ‘ ‘ “ i u l u k d ets n a h n s i . e e . ( q I tri d , but fail d A e n e e a n the E a C e ee form r ot d chi f mo g st h rok , In commo n ly k n own to the whites as Jun alu ska . ‘ e e h e e Gul ka l a ski a n a e arly lif was call d , m which d en otes som ethi n g habitually falli n g from a l ean ‘ ‘ A - a n i n g positio n ( cf . ta gul kalu d Ts ul k a lu ) ‘ ‘ “ tsun u ‘ l i u s un estl a ta— e e s n se y th y hav plit o s , ( from ‘ “ ‘ a w a l i u e a n d u n estl a u g y , I hav it , , it is ” ’ c e a a a e th e n s ea i n a - cra k d ( as cr ck m d by su h t log o r i n th e earth ) ; the i n iti a l S mak es it re f er ‘

th e n se a sa . to o , kay

2 70 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ tuksi - the te rrapi n or lan d tortoise ; al so the n am e o f a

C h erok e e chi e f about the clos e Of the Revolution . ‘ S a l i u i n u e - s e u e g g , commo t rtl ; soft h ll t rtl , ‘l ‘ U a n a w a .

‘ ‘ Tuk s i ts i—s Ts ik si t i ee s .

‘ ‘ - —s e s ui ka l Tuli cula e T u . ‘ “ ‘ tul sku w a— h e n hi s e ea s aps with h ad , from uska , h d ; th n e s appi n g beetl e . ‘ — Tu n a i a traditio n al warrior a n d m edici n e m a n of Ol d I ‘ h tsa ti t e n am e ca n n ot b e a n alyz ed . — Turk eytow n s ee Gun ‘ Tur n i o n — l un i p t w s ee U y . — ‘ ‘ Tusk egee s ee Ta ski g i . ‘ ‘ i — - n i i Tu s qu ttee Bald s ee Tsuwa u yetsun y . i — ‘ Tu s qu ttee cr eek s ee D a skwi tun yi . ‘ ‘ — tu sti a e a r e a e tu sti for g , a small bowl ; larg r jars c ll d ‘ i ‘ diwa li a n d u n t ya . — n tuti s owbird . ‘ —“ ‘ Tu ti i n e a n a n d y S owbird plac , from tu ti , s owbird,

i - h w a e . e n ee C eo y , locativ Littl S ow bird cr k of i n e n N C . riv r , Graham cou ty , ‘ ‘ “ tu s h e i h t a y s e will marry you . ‘ - tu ya bea n . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ - — a di k a l a sti s ki e tu ya s w s e ti gu . ‘ ‘ “ ” t h u si —Sh i e u ya e will d . — Tym a h s e s ee To m a s s ee .

‘ ‘ — A - i Uch ee see n i Y u ts . ‘ l ‘ u da h a e yi o n th e su n n y Side . ‘ — uda i th e ba n eb e rry or cohosh vi n e The n am e sign iﬁ es that the plan t h a s som ethi n g lon g

h an gi n g from it . ‘ - - i s . m a r r i ed th e e e 1 so e o n a c uda li ) mistl to , call d i cou n t o f ts parasitic habit . 2 7 1

‘ ‘ U da wa un ta a a un ta f th a g B ld . A b ld mo in O e Gre t

o i . n e n n un N . C n o t Sm ky ra g , Ya cy co ty , , far

from Mou n t Mitchell . ‘ s i k l a— e Ud s a a masculi n e n am . ‘ u a s i — g ta sour . ‘ ‘ “ ’ u i ska —he n tsiki u g is swallowi g it from , I am e a ti n g . ‘ ‘ u u ku —h e n g t hooti g o r barre d owl . ‘ ‘ ug un ste l i ( ug un ste l u i n dial ect form ) - th e horn y - h ead

ﬁsh . ‘ U u n i m Ta l l u l ah o n th e e n e n g y falls , riv r of that am , orth

- e f r o m C e i n e n . ast larksvill , Hab rsham cou ty , Ga Th e n n f h n e m a i g o t e a me is lost . l — ‘ l ‘ Ui a ta s ee U t un ta .

‘ ‘ “ ’ k - — u ku s un ts uteti it will twist up o n e s arm . ‘ ‘ ” Uk - ku sun ts uti B en t- bow - shape ; a comic masculi n e n am e . ‘ ’ k - k a i U u n g i s t it will draw dow n o n e s eye . ‘ " ” — - - Uk - kwun a g i ta eye draw n dow n ; a comic masculi n e n am e . ‘ — u k su hi the m o u n tai n blacksn ake or black rac er ( c ol u b er o bs o l etus ) th e n am e s eems to re fe r to som e p ec u ‘ ‘ “ l a r i t the e e u k s uhh a h e e y of y , akta , has som n e i e thi g lodg d n his ey . ‘ “ ‘ ‘ Ukte n a— een - e e o e e a kta ti K y d fr m akta , y , , to

- S e e n e e . e n e e n xami clos ly A mythic gr at hor d rp t , n with a talisma ic diad em . ‘ “ ‘ ‘ k - — k e n U te n a tsug a n u n yi wh ere th e U t n a got faste e d . On u e ee e e A spot T ckas g riv r , about two mil s N e n C in n n . C . abov Bryso ity , Swai cou ty , ‘ ‘ Ukw u n u Ukw u n i —a e C e ee e e en ( or ) form r h rok s ttl m t . n n n the e a s O n ee o n commo ly k ow to whit s co , en e ee n e th e es n i n O n ee S ca cr k , ar pr e t Walhalla , co

un . C . co ty, S 2 72 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ Ul a u — the n o f th e e - e e . a g mythic l origi al y llow jack t trib . “ ” “ ” “ Th e n e e e s o r n a word sig iﬁ s l ad r , bo s , pri cip l ” ’ o n e a n d e th e ﬁr st el l o w - e , is appli d to y jack t een i n th e S n a een b ee a n d s pri g, to qu h to t e l eade r of a worki n g squ a d . ‘ ‘ — ‘ u l a n a w a th e soft - Sh ell turtl e ; s ee also s a l ig u g i a n d

’ ‘ tuksi . l ‘l — u a su a s n S e . mocca i , ho ‘ ‘ ul e —a n d ! ul e - n u a n d o , als . — “ u l skw ul te g i a pou n d mill a s elf - actin g wat er- mill n n Th n a s us ed i n th e C h erok ee mou tai s . e m e ig “ ‘ n iﬁes u e e that it b tts with its h ad ( Uska , h ad ) , i n allusio n to th e way i n which th e p estl es work i h Th e n e s n t e mortar . ge ric word for mill i ‘ i di st st .

‘ l s i l u — e Th n u t t lit erally it i s o n his h a d . e diamo d

crest On the h ead of th e mythic Ukten a s erp en t . ‘ en e e l un u i Wh detach d it b com es U s t . ‘ — Ul tiw a i a form er C h erok ee s ettl em en t a bov e the pres en t O e o n th e ee th e a e n a e i n olt wah , cr k Of s m m ,

a e n en n . J m s cou ty , T ‘ ul u n n i ta— e e a e b e use e n s dom sticat d , t m ; may d for p rso a s e a s n b ut n o t f o r a n s f o r w ll a imals , pl t ; cul tiv a ted o r dom esticate d pl a n t s th e a dj ective i s ‘ ‘ un l un i un usun i g ut or g . ‘ Ul un su ti th e great talism an ic cry sta l

of th e C h erok ee . ‘ ‘ “ ul un ta ha s e tsil a hi n it climb d , from , I am climbi g t n R h u a i n h e poiso oak ( s r d ca s ) . ‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ U l un i— u e e m a e o f e e y T b r plac , fro U li , a v ri ty dibl i e e a n d e . o e e en u n tub r , y , locativ A f rm r s ttl m t po ‘ ‘ Tu r n i to w n f o r U l un i ee a e E p , ( y ) cr k , bov llijay , i n n e u . Gilm r co ty , Ga

OC C ON E E C HE E

u e ee e the u ee c ee T ckas g riv r , at mo th Of D p r k ,

n ea n C i n a n n N . C . r Bryso ity , Sw i cou ty , ‘ ‘ n i ha l un — e U a s e Ahalu n a . ‘ Un ika wa—th e n - use n e SO- a e e ause Tow ho da c , c ll d b c n - da ced i n side the town house . ‘ ‘ “ " ‘ Un e a - — e - m a n — e u n e a e g dihi Whit kill r from g , whit , ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ f o r un w un e a e n a n d y g , white p rso , dihi , a “ ” ” n o un suffi x d en oti n g kill e r ( h e kill s them

a a . C e ee e e n a e a ( h bitu lly ) A h rok chi f , whos m p e n h u n 1 0 p a rs o t e doc m e ts about 79 . ‘ —“ ” u n gida thy two elder brothers ( m a l e sp eaki n g) ‘ un i n l g i i my elder broth er . ‘ ‘ ’ un i n i s i u tsun i n i s i e g ( pl ral , g ) my daught r s child . ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ ‘ u n i skw etu i— ey e h at u l skw e ta wa h t g th w ar a , , a from ‘ T Ma Po h l um ea . he e do l . uska , h d y appl ( p y ) ‘ —“ un i s til un i sti th ey stick o n alon g th eir whol e l en gth “ the en e n f o r s e s a n d u s n u g ric am e tick r b rr , i cl d i n the n n ee e c e u n g Spa ish dl , co kl b rr , jimso

ee etc . w d , ‘ ‘ i ts i - h r it i e un e e a s . moth r ; g , my moth r ‘ ‘ ” ‘ ’ Un i a hitun i w e e e ts i a ihu y y h r th y Shot it , from y . “

a n d i e . e o n se ee I shot , y , locativ A plac Tucka g e s n e e s n C i n n riv r a short di ta c abov Bry o ity , Swai

n N C . cou ty , . ‘ Un l i ta n - n e a n a f o r th e is ) lo g wi d d , arch ic form ‘ l i u n e a u n ta a n e n e . r gul r word , g ; Old masc li am A e th e 1 0 n n the e a s chi f about e y ar 79 , k ow to whit s “ ” e The Br ath . — i ‘ l ‘ Un to o l a see Dih yun du a . ‘ ‘ ‘ Un ta ki a sti i e e e e ta ki a ta y y Wh r th y rac , from y , a a e a n d i e a e to Ta h r c , y , locativ ; loc lly corrupt d k o e Th n th e en a e e st e . e o y district Fr ch Bro d riv r , h i n un un N . T a un e e e C . e ro d Ash vill , B comb co ty , ‘ n s n n to th e C e ee Ka s du i tow it elf is k ow h rok as y , OC C ONE E C HE E 2 75

‘ s es a e kasdu a s es an d i ca A h pl c , ( from , h , y , lo e i s n en e a s a a ns a n i ts tiv ) , which i t d d tr l tio Of e n prop r ame . ‘ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ Un ti uhi —Po t i n e un ti a o r n ot g wat r , from y u ti , p , ‘ “ ” a n d u 1s th e a e e u g li , it m w t r ( or oth r liq id , u Th n a a . e u e u a i n h bit lly ) S ck , a da g ro s r pid e nn e ee e the en an e o f u ee T ss riv r , at tr c S ck cr k ,

u e es e C an en n . abo t ight mil b low hatt ooga , T ‘ —“ ” Un tl a sg a sta yi Whe re th ey scratche d ; a place a t the ’ ea t o f ee o f a e e i n C e h Hyatt s cr k V ll y riv r , h ro

k N . ee o n . C c u ty , ‘ ‘ l — Di n ul Un to o a see hyu d a . ‘ ‘ ‘ Un ts a il i a s E tsa i i o r Tsai i th e s a e e n ( l o y , y , ﬁr t syll bl b i g almost Sil en t ) ‘ ' - l i ﬂ s r e n u un w a da to u e s se . ho s , provi io ho —“ ‘ Un wa da Wh ere the sto rehouse ( un w a da ” ’ E e e li ) was tak en o ff . ith r Black Rock o r Jon s n n e o f e s e o n the ea n e C f K ob , orth ast W b t r , st li

n C . s n N . Jack o cou ty , ‘t — u n un i milk . ‘ ‘ ‘ us di a a b e e -i - tsun s di a g ( b r viat d usd ) sma ll ; plural g , ‘ t sun di . ‘ ‘ ‘ us a s e ti u— e n e s e e e n en e g y v ry da g rou , v ry t rribl ; i t siv of ‘ ‘ u sg a se ti . ‘ “ ‘ U s kw a l e n a— - ea e n e Big H d , from uska , h ad ; a masculi “ ” n e e a th e n a the - ea am , p rh ps origi l Of Bull h d , given by Haywood as th e n am e of a form er n oted

C he rok ee w a rrior . ‘ ‘ “ skw a l i - — Hi s n n U gu ta stomach ha gs dow , from ‘ ‘ ” l i n n n u skw a s a d s . , his tomach , gu ta , it ha g dow n en e th e e n e A promi t chi f of R volutio ary p riod ,

n n - kn ow n to the whit es a s Ha gi g maw . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ U sta n a l i ( from U Sta n al a hi or un i s ta n a l a ( a plural r en n n a u e fo m ) , d oti g a t ral barri r of rocks 2 76 OC C ONE E C HE E

( plural ) a cross a stream ) - a n ame occurrin g i n e e a es i n th e C e ee un a n d s v r l plac Old h rok co try , s e e E a stin aul ee E a sti n o r a E s an a ul a variou ly sp ll d , , t , E usten a r ee Istan a r e O s an a a Oo sti n awl e , , o t ul , y, Usten r et a c . y, ‘ ‘ u stuti—s e u u i e ts g . ‘ Us tu tl i—a n n e n The n a e traditio a l d a g rous serp e t . m sign iﬁ es havi n g som ethi n g o n th e ca lf o f th e l eg ‘ “ o r o n the ee ustu tun i hi s a o f th e h l , from ( ) c lf l t h u n eg ( atta ch ed ) . It is appli ed also o t e So th er - a hoop sn k e . ‘ “ ” “ Us un hi i—th e a en n a n e e i s a a s y D rk i g l d , wh r it lw y ” n The n a e r e a s a t . e u f o g tti g dark , twilight m s d th e w est i n th e myths a n d the sa cred formul a s ; ‘ ‘ “ the n wu de l i un i e e e commo word is g y , th re wh r the sun e n it ( ) go s dow . ‘ ‘ — f a t n u e u e e e . e w . u a C . gr at , f lly d v lop d g ‘ “ ” ‘ l — i n uta w a hi u n ea u wa a . ha d br dth , from y , h d A ﬁgu ra tive te rm u sed i n th e myth s an d sa cred u form la s . ‘ ‘ u a a ea in th U ta wa g n ta B ld pl a ce . A high b ld p k e

- th e n n . N . n e n e a n e o n e . C Gr at Smoky r g T li , orth

ea st from Big Pigeon river . ‘ ‘ “ l — h h a e H r S e h s . s U t un ta e o a a e . s ( ) it sh rp , i , om o r n b e u e o f sha rp part orga ; it might s d a tooth , ﬁn er - n a o r s e e a a e a o f th e a g il , om oth r tt ch d p rt

body . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ un n e tl un ta a e U tl tu yi pla c see U . A pl c ' o n e en n e ee e n ea Oﬂ C o ee Littl T ss riv r , rly itic cr k ,

i n n un en n . Blou t co ty , T ‘ l ‘ U tsa l a a n oth er form Of utsa e ta . A C hero

k ee chi e f o f Remova l p eriod i n 1 83 8 . ‘ “ utsa l e ta— en e s a n s a f an lich , lit rally pot cr pi g , from i es c ed r embl ance .

2 78 OC C ON E E C HE E

Oo thea l og a ( Oug il l ogy) creek o f Oostan aula e n ea th e esen C a un i n n un riv r , r pr t lho , Gordo co ty ,

Ga . 2 . e e a ee es o f C a s e i n ; B av rd m cr k , w t l rk vill , H bb er s h m a a un a . co ty, G

‘ ‘ a e n—s u n hi n V ll ytow ee G a tu yi . ‘ ‘ en ea n e ee —s e n sa t V g c cr k e Ga i yi .

‘ Wa hes a— a si u c see W t s . ‘ — wada n than ks ‘ — n e e r ed n . wa di pai t , sp cially pai t ‘ ‘ “ w a di e- — hi n s ea . e . n g aska li h d ( is ) brow , i , brow ” ‘ e w a di e i n n - r ed a n d h ad ; from g , brow , brow , ‘ h e n e e t e e . aska li , h ad ; copp rh ad s ak ‘ Wa di a hi—a e n n e O f e An y f mi i e n a m doubtful tymology . exp ert bask et - maki n g woman a mo n g th e E ast C e ee e i n 1 8 She wa s n n h rok , who di d 95 . k ow to

a . th e whit es as M r s . B ushyh e d ‘ ff u n Wa o r d s ee Tsuskw a n u ta . ‘ — Wa g i n Si the n am e o r a n eddy at th e j un ction Of Littl e en n e ee a n d th e n en n e ee e en T ss mai T ss riv rs at L oir , i n n en n Th n i n o n n n . e s w Loudo cou ty , T tow k ow to th e C e ee th e e n e o f th e h rok by sam am , which

mea n i n g is lost . ‘— w a g ul i whippoorwill ; the n am e is a n o n omatop e ; th e l s D e laware n ame is w eko i . ‘ i— i n hi VVa h n en a u h s ee Wa n a .

‘ ‘ — - wa b ubu the screech owl . ‘ — the n th e C ee wa ka cow ; from Spa ish vaca , as is also r k

waga a n d th e Arap a ho w a kuch . ‘ — wala si th e commo n green frog . ‘ —“ ” Wa l a s i i e . 1 . e e en n n y Frog plac A former s ttl m t , k ow th e e r o to wn n the ee the to whit s as F g , upo cr k Of e n e n o f a n e a i n u n sam am , orth D hlo g , L mpki OC C ON E E C HE E 2 79

n . 2 L n n u . e C e a d u ea n co ty , Ga o t B llh d Mou i n - a n th e a . s n n N . enn t i Gre t Smoky ra ge o the . C T n e e e the e e en n n S e li , tog th r with ridg xt di g i to

e n en n . e een the e a n d es vi r cou ty , T , b tw Middl W t e e n e forks of Littl Pig o riv r . ‘ ‘ “ ” ‘ w - un ul s ti— it a alas fights frogs, from wal si , frog, ‘ “ ” ‘ ‘ “ a n d u n u l sti u l ihu it fights ( habitually ) ; g , I Pr os a n u n . The ar t in s am fighti g es l g o a plan t . ‘ ‘ ” ‘ ‘ - u n ul sti i e o f th e n - un ul sti Walas y Plac pla t , walas , n n n to the e Fi hti n to w n commo ly k ow whit s as g g , from a tra n slatio n of the latter pa rt O f a n am e ; e e e en o n n ee n e Mo r a form r s ttl m t Fighti g cr k , ar

a n to w n i n n n n un . g , Fa i co ty , Ga ‘ n —a e n n e n e n e a n Wali i f mi i am , compou d d from Wali , “ ” e o f uf e oth r form Kwali , Polly , with a s ﬁx add d o r f eupho n y . ‘ ‘ ‘ n e - a sun tl un i o a e o w a n e i Wa y Hickory f otlog pl c , fr m , ‘ - l u n t n i . o e an d hickory , asu ( q fo tlog, bridg , e e he i . e e en n n to t y , locativ A form r s ttl m t , k ow e - o n E e a whit s as Hickory log, towah riv r , short

n e e C n n i n C e ee n . dista c abov a to , h rok cou ty , Ga ‘ ‘— VVa n i n a hi a femi n i n e n am e of u n ce rtai n e tymology ;

th e Wa h n en a uhi O f th e Wa h n en auhi ma n uscript . — ‘ ‘ Washi ngto n see Wa s itu n a . ‘ — Wa si th e C h erok ee form for Mos es . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Wa s itu n a Wa sun tu n a i ff e en e —a , ( d r t dial ct forms ) C e ee n n the e n n th e h rok k ow to whit s as Washi gto , Th n e sol e Su rvivor Of a Removal tragedy . e am d e n ot es a hollow log ( or oth e r cyli n drica l Obj ect ) lyi n g o n th e g rou n d a t a dista n ce ; the root of th e ‘ a n d the e n e word is asi ta , log , w pr ﬁx i dicat s dis a n e t c . ‘ ‘ — - Wa sulu a large r ed brown moth which ﬂi e s about n i n h e en n blossomi g tobacco t e v i g . 2 80 OC C ONE E C HE E

‘ Wa ta i n en a au a a s a a g ( commo ly writt W t g , l o W t g a , Wa tto ee a — i n o Wh to a etc . a n a e u n g , g , ) m occ rri g two or more tow n s i n the Old C herokee coun try ; o n e wa s a n importa n t settl em en t o n Wa taug a ee e en n e ee e a f ew es e o cr k of Littl T ss riv r , mil b l w i n a s n n n N . n e w n u . C a Fra kli , Maco co ty , ; oth r a n a e a t a au a Ol d e s a u tr ditio ally loc t d W t g Fi ld , bo t th e e en E a e n o n a en e i n pr s t liz b thto W t ga riv r ,

C e n en Th n i s . n . e ea n s art r cou ty , T m i g lo t ‘ ‘ —s e Watau ga e Wa ta g i . ‘ Wa ts i s a—a n en C e ee n n to th e promi t Old h rok , k ow e a s a c hes a n e an n b e an whit s W , a am which c ot tr s e e e o n ea e ee o f lat d, who form rly liv d B v rdam cr k ee e e u i n C e ee Hiwass riv r , b low M rphy , h rok

N C . h h n n n . t e t e cou ty , From fact that U icoi tur e e n e e n n a s pik pass d ar his plac , it was locally k ow es Wa ch a tra il . ‘ ’ w — a n n e a n a n th e a n a s a ya wolf o omatop , imit tio Of im l h e C e a . . t e n a e a howl ; cf r k m , y h ‘ ‘ “ ” Wa a hi— e the an . e . a e y Wolf plac , i , pl c of Wolf cl ; th n t n e form is o use d . Wolftow e e en o n u e ee o n the E a s s ttl m t pp r Soco cr k , t

i N . C e o ee ese a n n a s n un . C h r k r rv tio , J ck o co ty , ‘ ‘ —s A t Waya Gap ee a hi ta . Wa eh—s y ee Wayi . ” Wayi Pigeo n ; th e mod er n C herok ee n a m e f o r Big l e n e i n e e n N . C . tr an s a Pig o riv r , w st r ; probably a E n n e s a h n e a a a W e . tio O f th glish am . It a pp e r lso s y e —s ee W lch , Lloyd e — w sa cat . — — ‘ ‘ - White path s e e N un n a hi tsun e g a . Wil l sto w n —a e a n e e en S O- ca e form r import t s ttl m t , ll d from th e half - breed chi e f k n ow n to the whites a s ’ R ed - e e o n s r ee e o h ad d Will , Will c k b l w Fort

2 82 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ a s i - o h o l o e n Os e a s n e th e y , corrupt d i to c ol , ig iﬁ d ” n s n m a e e b e a ue black dri k o g ; it . y, how v r , tr ‘ ‘ C e ee a hu l u o-r a b u th e n e f o r h rok word , y y li , am ” e a s f o r th e e- bu a vari ty of hickory , l o doodl g ; ‘ Un a hu l a a e n n e n e a n n b e a n s y is f mi i am , but c ot tr Y a h l a e . o o a ee n ea a n e i n u l t d cr k , r D hlo ga , L mp ki n n cou ty , Ga . ‘ — Y a l a i ee e en n e ee e e g Alarka cr k Of Littl T ss riv r , abov

th e n n u a e ee i n a n un N . ju ctio of T ck s g , Sw i co ty ,

C . the e n n h ; m a i g of t e n a m e is lost . ‘ a n da ska a— f ul ﬁn er y g a a t d . ‘ Y a n - e - e f n n ea a n d e gwa Big B ar , . rom ya i, b r , g wa , en e h e e e . n t e a gr at , larg A promi t chi f about y r 1 800 th e n e u i n ea e a s o n Y o ; am occ rs tr ti s Y ah , h n Y o h a a qua a n d n a hequa . ‘ — ya n u bear . ‘ ‘ n —di n ehun i e e th e e e n Ya u y wh r b ars liv , from ya u , ‘ “ ” ‘ “ e di n eh u e e e hu e b ar , , th y dw ll ( , I dw ll , I ”

e a n d i e . e o n O n u ee liv ) y , locativ A plac co al ft e S n e e th e i mcti o n riv r , a hort dista c abov j with

e ee i n n n N C . Tuckas g , Swai cou ty , . ‘ “ Y a n u u n s ki— th e e n ua g b ar drow s him ( habit lly ) , ’ ‘ “ n e a n d ts i u n i ska n from ya u , b ar , g , I am drow i e E e e n n n . n C e e g him A ot d ast h rok chi f , k ow

e Y k a n - to th e whit s as o n a g u s or Drow i n g bea r . ‘ ‘ —“ ” ya n - u ts e s tu Th e b ear li es o n it ; th e Shi eld fern urn ( As pi di ) . ‘ ‘ ‘ n - u n a ta w a sti i e e th e e Ya u y wh r b ars wash , ( from an e a n d i i e e n i n y u , b ar , y , locat v ) ; a form r po d th e e n n th e e o f Gr at Smoky Mou tai s , about h ad i n n un N en C . Rav Fork , Swai co ty , . ‘ —“ Yawa i Yawa place a plac e o n Yellow creek o f

o a un N C . C he w e i n . riv r , Graham co ty , — ‘ - E l Y ellow Hill s ee aw a diyi . OC C ONE E C HE E 2 83

‘ Yo han a ua—s ee Y a n - e a q g w . - O —a n un e n n n yoho m a i g so g re fra i n . ‘ ‘ Y n a sk —s e Y i o g u a e a n ug un sk . ‘ n — 1 n n s a l l u 2 An e Yo ah . ( mou tai ) ee G da u . . abbr vi ate d trea ty form f o r th e n am e Of the chi e f Y a n ‘ a gwa . ‘ Y n he u — Y n - o a q a h s ee a e g wa . Y Y — ‘ ‘ ta ua tav a s ee . , I tawa — a n e n n n e n n e n Yu l n u m a i g so g r frai a d i n t erj ctio . ‘ Y uha l i—E ee ee o f e E e i n uharl cr k , low r towah riv r , Bar a Th n n G . e a e the C e tow cou ty , m is said by h ro k ee b e n Y u f a l a E to a corruptio of ( ufaula) , a e w ell kn ow n C re k local n am e . ‘ ‘ — f n n sh un su . C ee e a sa C a a y bu falo ; cf r k y , hoctaw y , ‘ Hi h i e a n a si c t e y . ‘ —“ Y u n sa i Buff alo plac e W est B uff alo creek Of C heo wa e i n h e f r n N C . t e o riv r Graham cou ty , . sit of a

- m er C h erok ee s ettl emen t . ‘ i— m n un w e n a . y p rso , ‘ ‘ ‘ Y un w i Am a in e hi e - e n e e y Wat r dw lli g p op l , from ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ un w i e n a n d a m a i n e hi O f e y , p rso , y , plural amay e v . e r e . hi , q . ; a rac of wat fairi s ‘ ‘ —“ Y u n w i Gu n a hi ta Lo n g M a n a formulistic n am e th e e e n e m a n hi s e for riv r , p rso iﬁ d as a with h ad re sti n g o n th e mou n tai n a n d hi s f eet stretchi n g n th e n n n e n dow to lowla ds , who is co sta tly sp aki g

to thos e who c a n u n d e rsta n d th e m e ssage .

‘ ‘ “ ‘ “ Y u n w i n i i s i— m a n —e e e e ea t eo g g at rs , lit rally , Th y p ‘ l e u n w i e n m a n a n d p ( habitually ) , from y . p rso , , “ ‘ “ u n i i ski e ea t tsiki u I , g , th y ( habitually ) . from , am eati n g th e C h erok e e n am e for a dista n t c a n

n e th e th e n . ibal trib , possibly Atakapa or To kawa 2 84 OC C ON E E C HE E

‘ ‘ Y un w i - tsul en un i e e m an n a y wh r stood , origi lly ‘ ‘ un wi - dika ta u n i e e th e m an s n y g y , wh r ta ds , ‘ ‘ “ Y un w i e n m a n tsi ta a am a n from , p rso , , g , I st d ” i n an d i a e a n n n n g , y , loc tiv ; St di g I dia , a high a un a n th e ea N n a e i n b ld mo t i at h d Of a t hala riv r ,

a n n N C . M co cou ty , . ‘ ‘ “ ‘ Y u n w i Tsun s di — e e e un wi e n littl p opl , from y , p rso , ‘ ‘ e e a n d tsu n s di a o r tsun s di o f us di a p opl , g , plural g i ‘ o r u s d e the C e ee e . , littl ; h rok fairi s ‘ ‘ “ ” Y un w i i - m a n u s n e f o r U S d littl e . A form li tic am ‘ ‘ - n sen . . gi g , a tali guli , q v ‘ ‘ ‘ “ Y u n w i - u s a s e ti - n e m a n e e m a n g da g rous , t rribl a traditio n a l l ead e r i n th e w estw a rd migra tio n of

C h erok ee . ‘ ‘ “ Y u n wi a — n n e n a o r e e s n y I dia , lit rally , pri cip l r al p r o “ ‘ un w i e n a n d a suf en n from y , p rso , ya , ﬁx d oti g

pri n cipal or real . ‘ ‘— - yu w e yuw ehe a n un m ea n i ng song re fra i n .