DOCSLIB.ORG

Mississippian Architecture: Temporal, Technological, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site (40M R6) Richard R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mississippian Architecture: Temporal, Technological, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site (40M R6) Richard R University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1985 Mississippian Architecture: Temporal, Technological, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site (40M R6) Richard R. Polhemus University of Tennessee - Knoxville Recommended Citation Polhemus, Richard R., "Mississippian Architecture: Temporal, Technological, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site (40M R6). " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1985. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3320 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Richard R. Polhemus entitled "Mississippian Architecture: Temporal, Technological, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site (40M R6)." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Charles H. Faulkner, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Gerald F. Schroedl, Jefferson Chapman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Richard R. Polhemus entitled 11Mississippian Architecture: Temporal , Technolog ical, and Spatial Patterning of Structures at the Toqua Site ( 40MR6) •11 I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts , with a major in Anthropology. Ch�:F�k� Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance : Accepted for the Council: Vicerovost and Dean of The Graduate Sc hool STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Arts degree at The University of Tennessee, Knox- ville, I agree that the Libra ry shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library . Brief quotations from this thesis are allowa ble without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl- edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from the repro- duction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted by the copyright ho lder. Signature < - � 2(:p� - Date Aw[,..u � 7 :2-6_J I"' s..S MISSISSIPPIAN ARCHITECTURE: TEMPORAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND SPATIAL PATTERNING OF STRUCTURES AT THE TOQUA SITE (40MR6) A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The ·University of Tennessee. Knoxville Richard R. Polhemus December 1985 Copyright © Richard R. Polhemus, 1986 All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As with most academic endeavors , this work could not have been accomplished without the advice , assistance, patience, and friendship of many individuals. My thanks go fi rst to my committee members , friends and valued colleagues , Dr. Charles H. Faulkner, Dr. Jefferson Chapman, and Dr. Gerald F. Schroed l fo r their patience and help in winnowing the grain from the chaff. I wish to thank Dr. Paul W. Parmalee, Director of the Frank H. McClung Museum, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, for his cooperation regarding my extensive use of original field records on fi le at that institution as well as many fruitful discussions concerning the prehistory of Tennessee. I am grateful to Dr. William M. Bass , Head of the Depa rtment of Anthro­ pology, The University of Tennessee, for his support and guidance . For comparative data and input from areas outside the East Tennessee Valley am grateful to Dr. Walter Klippel , The University of Tennessee , Dr. David J. Hally , University of Georgia , and Dr. Roy S. Dickens, University of North Carolina. I owe a debt too great to repay to certain individuals. Madeline Kneberg and the late T. M. N. Lew is took the time to answer a boy•s many questions and helped instill an appreciation fo r past cultures . J. B. Graham took the time to teach me how to read the ground like a book and how to extract the most from the resources available . The late James A. Ford taught me much about the diversity of the archaeo­ logical record and the search for patterning as well as how to use a slide rule. Stanley South , treasured friend and colleague for the last iv fifteen years, has broadened my understanding of peoples past and present and continues to provide substantive criticism on my endeavors. The investigation of the Toqua site was fu nded by the National Pa rk Service under contracts CX 5000-5-0213, CX 5880-7-0055, ex 5000-7-5544, ex 5000-8-5560 , ex 5880-8-0180 , ex 5000-9-5944 , and CX 5000-9-5092 . I am grateful to Dr. Bennie C. Keel of the National Park Service for his continued interest in an support of the Toqua investigation. The Tennessee Valley Authority funded the investiga­ tion of the Toqua site under contracts TV 42163A, TV 481 17A, and TV 56256A. am particularly grateful for the help and assistance provided by Mr. Bennett Graham , Mr. Maxwell D. Ramsey , and Mr. Bill Willard of the Tennessee Valley Authority . The Principal Investigators , Dr. A. K. Guthe, Dr. Gerald F. Schroedl, and Dr. Jefferson Chapman, deserve my thanks for keeping things moving and handling logistical problems. I thank my friends and colleagues Bill Baden , Steve Davis , Larry Kimball, and Ann Reed for their assistance in the field and during report preparation . To Andrea Brewer Shea am indebted fo r her diligence in identi fying massive qu antities of paleobotanical remains. To Tom Whyte I am indebted fo r his art work in transforming my working sketches and descriptions into properly proportioned recon­ struction drawings. am also indebted to Terry Faulkner and Neal Brun fo r drafting the figures and to Miles Wright for printing field photographs. My thanks go to Sally Ripatti for her encouragement and proofreading efforts . v Finally , my most heartfelt thanks go to my pa rents for their support. Their interest and support made it all possible. ' vi ABSTRACT The description and analysis of 130 Native American structures from the Toqua site ( 40MR6) provide an architectural typology for determining age , form, and function of Mississippian and historic Cherokee structural remains in East Tennessee. The Toq ua struc- tures , ranging in age from circa A.D. 1200 to circa A.D. 1780 , are examined for temporal, technolog ical , and spatial patterning and are compared with 469 structures from 58 Mississippian archaeological sites in the interior Southeastern United States . Superimposed structures and radiocarbon determinations provided a te mporal sequence of structure types. Closely controlled excava- tions , botanical analysis of construction materials, and technological studies of building materials provided insight into two successive construction techniques . An ea rlier flexed form of building construe- tion had continuous elements making up both walls and roof. A later rigid fo rm of building construction used separate components fo r walls, roof, and roof support system . Study of structure size , form, proportion , elaboration, content, and location provided information concerning structure function and the relationship of contemporary structures to each other. Insight concerning the temporal , technolog ical , and spatial patterning of Mississippian structures was obtained . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCT ION Mississippian Architecture • • 1 Mississippian Cultures in East Tennessee • 3 The Toqua Site • • . • • • • • • 5 Archaeological Investigation . • • 9 Environmental Setting • • • . • • • • 12 Research Objectives and Limitations 16 The Comparative Sample 19 II. STRUCTURES • • • . • • 20 Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Description of Architectural Traits • 20 Architectural Typology • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 41 Covered Structu re Type Descriptions • • • • 49 Summary of Other East Tennessee Structure Types • 68 Structure Sequence . • • • • 74 Ill. COMPARISON AND DISCUSS ION 80 Structure Needs • • • 80 Resource Utilization • • 81 Technological Change 96 The Use of Space . • • • • • 1 01 Functional Va riability and Continuity • 110 Architecture and the Ethnohistoric Record 124 Regional Structure Type Comparisons 128 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS • 134 Summary • ..• 134 Conclusions • • 137 LIST OF REFERENCES 146 APPENDIX 161 VITA •••• 174 viii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE · 2.1 . Architectural Traits Present in Structures at Toq ua . 22 2.2. Structures and Structure Types by Mound Phase . 77 3 .1 . Construction Materials Identified in Selected Structures . 84 3.2. Technological Characteristics of Construction Materials . 86 3.3. Distribution of Cane and Ten Most Common Wood Types by Zone in Structure 3 . 91 3.4. Identification of Architectural Elements from Structure 1 Bussel Island (40LD1 7) 94 3.5. Functional Attribution of Archaeolog ically Derived Construction Materials . 97 3.6. Ethnoh istoric References to Construction Materials 98 3. 7. Comparison of Percentage of Pu blic Floor Area to Total Floor Area of Type 4a Structures by Site Area . 109 3.8. Feature Summary by Structure Type . • . 114 3. 9. Comparison of Pai red Structures by Mound Phase-- Structure Types 4a and 4b . 11 8 3.10. Comparison of Total Floor Area for Type 4a Structures by Site Area . 11 9 3.11. Comparison of Floor Area of Type 4a Structures by Site Area . • • . 11 9 A. 1. Toqua Structure Data Summary by Structure Type . 162 A.2. Distribution of Structure Types at Sites in the East Tennessee Valley . • . • 165 A.3. Distr ibution of Structure Types at Other Sites in the Interior Southeastern United States . 166 ix TAB LE PAC E A. 4. Structure Designations for Comparative Sample by Site, Source , and Structure Type . • 167 X LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAG E 1.1. Map Showing Site Locations in the Ea st Tennessee Va lley .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
    The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally.
    [Show full text]
  • The Smithfield Review, Volume 20, 2016
    In this issue — On 2 January 1869, Olin and Preston Institute officially became Preston and Olin Institute when Judge Robert M. Hudson of the 14th Circuit Court issued a charter Includes Ten Year Index for the school, designating the new name and giving it “collegiate powers.” — page 1 The On June 12, 1919, the VPI Board of Visitors unanimously elected Julian A. Burruss to succeed Joseph D. Eggleston as president of the Blacksburg, Virginia Smithfield Review institution. As Burruss began his tenure, veterans were returning from World War I, and America had begun to move toward a post-war world. Federal programs Studies in the history of the region west of the Blue Ridge for veterans gained wide support. The Nineteenth Amendment, giving women Volume 20, 2016 suffrage, gained ratification. — page 27 A Note from the Editors ........................................................................v According to Virginia Tech historian Duncan Lyle Kinnear, “he [Conrad] seemed Olin and Preston Institute and Preston and Olin Institute: The Early to have entered upon his task with great enthusiasm. Possessed as he was with a flair Years of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: Part II for writing and a ‘tongue for speaking,’ this ex-confederate secret agent brought Clara B. Cox ..................................................................................1 a new dimension of excitement to the school and to the town of Blacksburg.” — page 47 Change Amidst Tradition: The First Two Years of the Burruss Administration at VPI “The Indian Road as agreed to at Lancaster, June the 30th, 1744. The present Faith Skiles .......................................................................................27 Waggon Road from Cohongoronto above Sherrando River, through the Counties of Frederick and Augusta .
    [Show full text]
  • A Many-Storied Place
    A Many-storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator Midwest Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska 2017 A Many-Storied Place Historic Resource Study Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas Theodore Catton Principal Investigator 2017 Recommended: {){ Superintendent, Arkansas Post AihV'j Concurred: Associate Regional Director, Cultural Resources, Midwest Region Date Approved: Date Remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set. Proverbs 22:28 Words spoken by Regional Director Elbert Cox Arkansas Post National Memorial dedication June 23, 1964 Table of Contents List of Figures vii Introduction 1 1 – Geography and the River 4 2 – The Site in Antiquity and Quapaw Ethnogenesis 38 3 – A French and Spanish Outpost in Colonial America 72 4 – Osotouy and the Changing Native World 115 5 – Arkansas Post from the Louisiana Purchase to the Trail of Tears 141 6 – The River Port from Arkansas Statehood to the Civil War 179 7 – The Village and Environs from Reconstruction to Recent Times 209 Conclusion 237 Appendices 241 1 – Cultural Resource Base Map: Eight exhibits from the Memorial Unit CLR (a) Pre-1673 / Pre-Contact Period Contributing Features (b) 1673-1803 / Colonial and Revolutionary Period Contributing Features (c) 1804-1855 / Settlement and Early Statehood Period Contributing Features (d) 1856-1865 / Civil War Period Contributing Features (e) 1866-1928 / Late 19th and Early 20th Century Period Contributing Features (f) 1929-1963 / Early 20th Century Period
    [Show full text]
  • SEAC Bulletin 58.Pdf
    SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 72ND ANNUAL MEETING NOVEMBER 18-21, 2015 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE BULLETIN 58 SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE BULLETIN 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 72ND ANNUAL MEETING NOVEMBER 18-21, 2015 DOUBLETREE BY HILTON DOWNTOWN NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Organized by: Kevin E. Smith, Aaron Deter-Wolf, Phillip Hodge, Shannon Hodge, Sarah Levithol, Michael C. Moore, and Tanya M. Peres Hosted by: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University Division of Archaeology, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Office of Social and Cultural Resources, Tennessee Department of Transportation iii Cover: Sellars Mississippian Ancestral Pair. Left: McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture; Right: John C. Waggoner, Jr. Photographs by David H. Dye Printing of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 58 – 2015 Funded by Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization No. 327420, 750 copies. This public document was promulgated at a cost of $4.08 per copy. October 2015. Pursuant to the State of Tennessee’s Policy of non-discrimination, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its policies, or in the admission or access to, or treatment or employment in its programs, services or activities. Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action inquiries or complaints should be directed to the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, EEO/AA Coordinator, Office of General Counsel, 312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, 2nd floor, William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888-867-7455. ADA inquiries or complaints should be directed to the ADA Coordinator, Human Resources Division, 312 Rosa L.
    [Show full text]
  • Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site Benjamin Garrett Davis University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Benjamin Garrett, "Households and Changing Use of Space at the Transitional Early Mississippian Austin Site" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1570. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1570 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOUSEHOLDS AND CHANGING USE OF SPACE AT THE TRANSITIONAL EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN AUSTIN SITE A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Mississippi by BENJAMIN GARRETT DAVIS May 2019 ABSTRACT The Austin Site (22TU549) is a village site located in Tunica County, Mississippi dating to approximately A.D. 1150-1350, along the transition from the Terminal Late Woodland to the Mississippian period. While Elizabeth Hunt’s (2017) masters thesis concluded that the ceramics at Austin emphasized a Late Woodland persistence, the architecture and use of space at the site had yet to be analyzed. This study examines this architecture and use of space over time at Austin to determine if they display evidence of increasing institutionalized inequality. This included creating a map of Austin based on John Connaway’s original excavation notes, and then analyzing this map within the temporal context of the upper Yazoo Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Swords Bridge Site
    UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA IABORATORY OF ARCHAE OLOGY SERIES REPORT NO.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION or THE POTTS f TRACT SITE (9-!-lu-l03). CARTERS DAM, MURRA Y COUNTY, GEORGIA BY DAVID J. HA LLY A report of work carried out under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Interior. National Park Service. Southeast Region . Contract Number 14-10-7-911-6 Laboratory of Archaeology Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Georgia Athens. Georgia January. 1970 ADDENDUM: RADIOCARBON DATES FROll POTTS I TRACT Two samples of charcoal from Potts I Tract have been tested for Carbon-14 content by the Geochronology Laboratory. University of Georgia. Results of these tests were not received in tiJne for inclusion in the body of the present report. Date UGA-55 Small fragments of charcoal scattered throughout the fill of Feature 133. a large Hoodstock pit in 1022 !. 40 Excavation Unit A. A. D. 928 UGA-56 Charred timber laying on the floor of Structure ill benea th a thick layer of fired wall daub. This timber was undoubtedly derived from either roof 286 !. 45 or walls "hen the building burned and collapsed. A.D. 1664 UGA-55 dates the earlier component at the site and is consistent with the expected time range of Woodstock CUlture. UGA-56 dates the Barnett component. It is a little later than anticipated. but not at all un­ reasonable. No Furopean objects. with the possible exception of a small fragment of copper from Structure 1A. were associated with the Barnett component. i PRr.rACr. The purpose of thi s report i s to des cribe archaeological investigations undertaken at the Potts' Tract s ite in 1 9~8 .
    [Show full text]
  • SR V18 Index.Pdf (969.3Kb)
    Index to Volume 18 Rachael Garrity A Biedma, 115 A Girls Life Before the War, 81 Bimini, 119 Adams, President John, I 0, 13-14 Blacksburg, Va., 25, 30, 57, 80, 82-85, 91 Alabama, IOI Blue Ridge Mountains, 82 Alien and Sedition Acts, I 0 Boston, Barbara, 112 Alonso de Chavez, 115 Botetourt County, Va., 25, 27, 29, 54, 63, Alonso de Santa Cruz, 111-113 65, 79 Allegheny Mountains, 82 Bouleware, Jane Grace Preston, 78 American Declaration of Independence, 9 Boulware, Aubin Lee, 78 American Indians, 4, 52-54, 58, 66, 82, Bradenton, Fla., I 06 100, 105, 107-108 Brady, Mathew, 84 American Revolution, 58, 72, 73 Braham, John, 34 Apafalaya, I 0 I Brain, Jeffrey, I 05 Appalachia, I 0 I, I 04 Breckenridge, Robert, 40 Appalachian Mountains, 3, 20, 55 Brissot, Jacques Pierre, 16 Appalachian Trail, 110 Bristol, Tenn.Na., 99, I 09, 124 Arkansas, I 05 Bristol News, 126-127 Augusta County, Va., 25-27, 30, 33, 35, British North America, 55 37-38,40,43-44,52,54, 71 Brown, John, 91, 135 Avenel House Plantation, 81 Brown, John Mason, 135 Brown, John Meredith, 135 B Brunswick County, Va., 40 Bahaman Channel, 118-119 Buchanan, Colonel John, 27, 30, 35, 41, Baird (Beard), John, 40-41 52-53 Baldwin, Caroline (Cary) Marx, 78 Buchanan, Va., 27, 38, 52-53 Bank of the United States, 6 Bullett, Captain, 62-65 Bardstown, Ky., 3, 17 Bullpasture River, 54 Barreis, David, I 05 Bureau ofAmerican Ethnology, 110 Barrens, The, Ky., 13, 17 Burke County, N.C., I 03 Bassett, Colonel, 65 Burwell, Letitia M., 81-83, 86, 90 Batson, Mordecai, 60 Bussell Island, Tenn., 123 Battle
    [Show full text]
  • The Common Field Mississippian Site(23SG100), As Uncovered by the 1979 Mississippi River Flood Richard E
    The Common Field Mississippian Site(23SG100), as Uncovered by the 1979 Mississippi River Flood Richard E. Martens Two of the pictures I took during an early visit to the he Common Field site occurs near the bluffs in the site are shown in Figure 1. The first shows Mound A, the TMississippi River floodplain 3 km south of St. Gen- largest of the six then-existing mounds. The nose of my evieve and approximately 90 km south of St. Louis. It is brand-new 1980 Volkswagen parked on the farm road is a large Mississippian-period site that once had as many as in the lower right corner of the picture. The second photo eight mounds (Bushnell 1914:666). It was long considered shows the outline of a burned house structure typical of to be an unoccupied civic-ceremonial center because very many evident across the site. Although it has been noted few surface artifacts were found. This all changed due that many people visited the site shortly after the flood, I to a flood in December 1979, when the Mississippi River did not meet anyone during several visits in 1980 and 1981. swept across the Common Field site. The resulting erosion I subsequently learned that Dr. Michael O’Brien led removed up to 40 cm of topsoil, exposing: a group of University of Missouri (MU) personnel in a [a] tremendous quantity of archaeological material limited survey and fieldwork activity in the spring of 1980. including ceramic plates, pots and other vessels, articu- The first phase entailed aerial photography (black-and- lated human burials, well defined structural remains white and false-color infrared) of the site.
    [Show full text]
  • A Spatial and Elemental Analyses of the Ceramic Assemblage at Mialoquo (40Mr3), an Overhill Cherokee Town in Monroe County, Tennessee
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2019 COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE Christian Allen University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Allen, Christian, "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Christian Allen entitled "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Kandace Hollenbach, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Gerald Schroedl, Julie Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Ocmulgee National Monument
    FINAL REPORT September 2014 Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Ocmulgee National Monument for the National Park Service Task Agreement No. P11AT51123 Deborah Andrews Peter Collings Department of Anthropology University of Florida Dayna Bowker Lee 1 I. Introduction, by Deborah Andrews 6 II. Background: The History of Ocmulgee National Monument 8 A. The Geography of Place 8 B. Preservation and Recognition of Ocmulgee National Monument 10 1. National Monument Designation 10 2. Depression Era Excavations 13 C. Research on and about Ocmulgee National Monument 18 III. Ethnohistory and Archaeology of Ocmulgee National Monument 23 A. The Occupants and Features of the Site 23 1. The Uchee Trading Path 24 2. PaleoIndian, Archaic and Woodland Eras 27 3. The Mississippian Mound Builders 37 4. The Lamar Focus and Migration 47 5. Proto-historic Creek and Spanish Contact 56 6. Carolina Trading Post and English Contact 59 7. The Yamassee War 64 8. Georgia Colony, Treaties and Removal 66 B. Historic Connections, Features and Uses of the Site 77 1. The City of Macon 77 2. Past Historic Uses of the Site 77 a. The Dunlap Plantation 78 b. Civil War Fortification 80 c. Railroads 81 2 d. Industry and Clay Mining 83 e. Interstate 16 84 f. Recreation and Education 85 C. Population 87 IV. Contemporary Views on the Ocmulgee National Monument Site, by Dayna Bowker Lee 93 A. Consultation 93 B. Etvlwu: The Tribal Town 94 C. The Upper and Lower Creek 98 D. Moving the Fires: The Etvlwv in Indian Territory, Oklahoma 99 E. Okmulgee in the West 104 F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Mississippian Period (AD 1350-1500) - Draft
    SECTION IV: The Mississippian Period in Tennessee Chapter 12: The Late Mississippian Period (AD 1350-1500) - Draft By Michaelyn Harle, Shannon D. Koerner, and Bobby R. Braly 1 Introduction Throughout the Mississippian world this time period appears to be a time of great social change. In eastern Tennessee, Dallas Phase sites further elaborated on the Mississippian lifeway, becoming highly organized and home to political leaders. Settlements were sometimes quite extensive (i.e., the Dallas, Toqua, and Ledford Island sites with deep middens, often a palisade wall, sometimes with bastions, densely packed domestic structures, and human interments throughout the village area and also in mounds. Elsewhere in the region, there is evidence that much of West Tennessee and parts of the Cumberland-Tennessee valley were either abandoned by Mississippian societies or so fundamentally reorganized that they were rendered archaeologically invisible. This abandonment appears to be part of a larger regional trend of large portions of the Central Mississippi Valley, often referred to as the vacant quarter. A number of motives for this abandonment have been provided including the dissolution of Cahokia, increased intra- regional warfare, and environmental shifts associated with the onslaught of the Little Ice Age (Meeks 2006; Cobb and Butler 2002; Williams 1983, 1990). This two sides of the continium is important since it gives us a more microscopic glimpse of what was being played out in the larger pan-Mississippian stage. Regional and temporal refinements that are currently in progress gives us a unique perspective into the similarities and differences in which Tennessee Mississippian societies reacted to this unstable period.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference # Resource Name Address County City Listed Date Multiple
    Reference # Resource Name Address County City Listed Date Multiple Name 76001760 Arnwine Cabin TN 61 Anderson Norris 19760316 92000411 Bear Creek Road Checking Station Jct. of S. Illinois Ave. and Bear Creek Rd. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS 92000410 Bethel Valley Road Checking Station Jct. of Bethel Valley and Scarboro Rds. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS 91001108 Brannon, Luther, House 151 Oak Ridge Tpk. Anderson Oak Ridge 19910905 Oak Ridge MPS 03000697 Briceville Community Church and Cemetery TN 116 Anderson Briceville 20030724 06000134 Cross Mountain Miners' Circle Circle Cemetery Ln. Anderson Briceville 20060315 10000936 Daugherty Furniture Building 307 N Main St Anderson Clinton 20101129 Rocky Top (formerly Lake 75001726 Edwards‐‐Fowler House 3.5 mi. S of Lake City on Dutch Valley Rd. Anderson 19750529 City) Rocky Top (formerly Lake 11000830 Fort Anderson on Militia Hill Vowell Mountain Rd. Anderson 20111121 City) Rocky Top (formerly Lake 04001459 Fraterville Miners' Circle Cemetery Leach Cemetery Ln. Anderson 20050105 City) 92000407 Freels Cabin Freels Bend Rd. Anderson Oak Ridge 19920506 Oak Ridge MPS Old Edgemoor Rd. between Bethel Valley Rd. and Melton Hill 91001107 Jones, J. B., House Anderson Oak Ridge 19910905 Oak Ridge MPS Lake 05001218 McAdoo, Green, School 101 School St. Anderson Clinton 20051108 Rocky Top (formerly Lake 14000446 Norris Dam State Park Rustic Cabins Historic District 125 Village Green Cir. Anderson 20140725 City) 75001727 Norris District Town of Norris on U.S. 441 Anderson Norris 19750710 Tennessee Valley Authority Hydroelectric 16000165 Norris Hydrolectric Project 300 Powerhouse Way Anderson Norris 20160412 System, 1933‐1979 MPS Roughly bounded by East Dr., W.
    [Show full text]