Giselle – O Ballet Por Trás Das Cortinas

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Giselle – O Ballet Por Trás Das Cortinas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Mestrado em História Franciara Sharon Silva do Carmo GISELLE – O BALLET POR TRÁS DAS CORTINAS Juiz de Fora 2019 1 FRANCIARA SHARON SILVA DO CARMO GISELLE – O BALLET POR TRÁS DAS CORTINAS Juiz de Fora 2019 2 FRANCIARA SHARON SILVA DO CARMO GISELLE – O BALLET POR TRÁS DAS CORTINAS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Martinho Alves da Costa Júnior Juiz de Fora 2019 3 Agradecimentos À Deus, por sua constante proteção. Obrigada por toda esta incrível caminhada a qual percorri junto a ti para ter meus sonhos realizados e poder gerar este trabalho. À Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, e principalmente ao departamento de História e seu excelente corpo docente, o qual me acolheu durante os últimos sete anos, providenciando todo o suporte para uma formação superior de qualidade o qual dedico um profundo e sincero obrigada. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), o qual agradeço por todo o apoio financeiro. Ao meu orientador Martinho Alves da Costa Júnior, agradeço por toda a ajuda e dedicação, obrigada por ter acreditado em meu projeto e ter me ajudado a me tornar uma pesquisadora melhor. À professora Maraliz de Castro Vieira Christo, obrigada por todas as conversas, por ter escutado com carinho e atenção todas as vezes em que eu falava sobre balé e por ter me mostrado o quanto a História da Arte pode ser rica em suas nuances. Aos meus amigos do Laboratóriode História da Arte por todo o bom humor e apoio durante essa caminhada ao qual partilhamos. À banca composta por duas professoras incríveis, Sônia Cristina da Fonseca Machado Lino e Valéria dos Santos Guimarães, obrigada pela paciência a qual junto a leitura criteriosa e contribuições valorosas este trabalho pôde crescer e chegar nesta versão final. Agradeço ao meu pai, Francisco, que sempre me ensinou que com esforço e trabalho duro é possível alcançar lugares inimagináveis. À minha mãe, Iara, que me ensinou que uma das coisas mais importantes da vida são os sonhos e que não só podemos, mas devemos realizá-los. Ao meu irmão, Alerrandro, que a cada conversa conseguia me distrair dos problemas de pesquisa. Ao meu namorado Rafael, por ter me ajudado e incentivado em todos os momentos, principalmente nos de maiores desânimos e cansaços; obrigada por toda a sua paciência nos momentos os quais o caos parecia reinar, agradeço também à sua família por ter me acolhido tão gentilmente durante todo este tempo. Ao Lancelot, por ter sido meu companheiro em todos os longos dias de estudo. E a toda a minha família, amigos e incentivadores, os quais sem a compreensão e apoio de vocês eu nada seria. 4 "Tudo canta, tudo dança, afinal aqui é a França" - Bela e a Fera, Disney (1991) 5 Resumo: Este trabalho analisa as críticas referentes ao balé Giselle no ano de sua estreia, 1841. O Balé teve seu ápice durante sua época romântica iniciada em 1831, uma das últimas artes a adentrar no movimento, porém este período foi extremamente frutífero. Durante o século XIX a estrutura do balé é modificada e a partir deste período podemos notar sua consolidação no cenário francês, são criadas escolas específicas para o ensino da técnica desta arte. A Ópera investiu em vários balés deste gênero, mas somente em 1841, o que é considerado até hoje a obra prima do balé romântico, Giselle, estreou nos palcos. Théophile Gautier, poeta e crítico de arte e dança, inspirou-se em uma passagem da obra De l’Allemagne do poeta Heinrich Heine, em que é contada a lenda das Wilis, e escreve para a bailarina, Carlota Grisi, a história do repertório. Dentre os objetivos da pesquisa é interessante destacar que houve uma preocupação em compreender o meio social no qual o balé foi escrito, Paris de meados do século XIX, correlacionando com a história que foi apresentada ao público. Ao investigar as propagandas que se relacionavam ao balé temos um indicativo desta relação balé-sociedade. O ponto chave é a análise da consolidação de Giselle no cenário do Balé por meio das críticas, compreendendo sua força e inserção na cultura. Palavras-chave: História; Arte; Dança; Balé. 6 Abstract: This work analyzes the criticism of the ballet Giselle in the year of its debut, 1841. Ballet had its apex during its romantic time, begun in 1831, one of the last arts to enter the movement, but this period was extremely fruitful. During the nineteenth century the structure of the ballet is modified and from this period we can see its consolidation in the French scenario, specific schools are created to teach the technique of this art. Opera has invested in several ballets of this kind, but only in 1841, which is considered today a masterpiece of romantic ballet, Giselle, debuted on stage. Théophile Gautier, poet and critic of art and dance, was inspired by a passage in the work De l'Allemagne by the poet Heinrich Heine, in which is told the legend of the Wilis, and writes for the dancer, Carlota Grisi, the history of the repertoire. Among the objectives of the research is interesting to note that there was a concern to understand the social environment in which the ballet was written, Paris of the mid-nineteenth century, correlating with the story that was presented to the public. When investigating the advertisements that were related to the ballet we have an indicative of this relation balé- society. The key point is the analysis of the consolidation of Giselle in the Balé scenario, this repertoire being one of the main works of the romantic ballet. Keywords: History; Art; Dance; Ballet. 7 Sumário Introdução .................................................................................................................. 9 Capítulo I: Aquecimento para a Apresentação - O Balé na Cultura .......................... 14 1.1 – Balé e Cultura entre os séculos XVI e XVIII .................................................. 14 1.1.1 – As Academias francesas ............................................................................. 14 1.1.2 – Técnica e estilo ........................................................................................... 18 1.1.3 – Moda e Vestuário nos palcos ...................................................................... 21 1.2 – O Balé e a Ópera entre os séculos XVIII e XIX .......................................... 22 1.3 – O Romantismo .............................................................................................. 29 1.4 – O Balé do século XIX e o Balé Romântico .................................................. 34 1.4.1 – As Bailarinas no século XIX: dualidade em cena ...................................... 37 1.4.2 – O Balé Romântico em três momentos ........................................................ 43 Capítulo II: Processo de Criação: Giselle e sua produção........................................ 51 2.1 – Divulgação da apresentação ............................................................................ 77 2.2 – Gautier e sua Giselle........................................................................................84 Capítulo III: Luz sob o palco: Giselle e suas apresentações ..................................... 97 3.1 – Primeiras Críticas: Giselle e suas representações ............................................ 99 3.2 - Comitê de miseenscène: como os jornais enxergaram ..................................... 114 3.3 – Giselle: Anúncio de produtos associados ........................................................ 129 3.4 – Giselle para além dos palcos da Ópera............................................................ 152 Conclusão .................................................................................................................. 157 Referências ................................................................................................................ 166 8 Introdução Este trabalho consiste principalmente em analisar as críticas e propagandas referentes ao balé Giselle e perceber a sua interação com a sociedade do período, verificando a importância que o mesmo possuiu no momento de sua estreia em 1841. A ideia para a elaboração deste trabalho surgiu a partir de uma constatação pessoal. Ao fazer um levantamento a respeito do que existe de escritos sobre a História dança, sobretudo o balé, publicados no Brasil, pudemos verificar a pequena proporção de estudos acadêmicos relacionados a este tema. Assim, um interesse pessoal me conduziu a uma tentativa de contribuir para aumentar as pesquisas na área, fazendo com que se desenvolva cada vez mais interesse e estudos sobre o tema. Por consequência, a escolha para esta pesquisa recaiu em um dos períodos áureos do Balé, a era romântica, a qual é sempre lembrada pela sua obra prima Giselle. O Balé teve seu ápice durante sua época romântica, iniciada em 1831, sendo uma das últimas artes a adentrar no movimento. Apesar disso, este período foi extremamente frutífero. Durante o século XIX, a estrutura do balé é modificada e a partir deste momento podemos notar sua consolidação no cenário francês. Seguiram-se inovações técnicas e uma estruturação organizacional do balé que geraram seu desenvolvimento e uma maior notoriedade, tanto para o público quanto para Ópera, os quais acabaram dedicando ao balé novos olhares. A Ópera investiu em vários balés deste gênero, mas somente em 1841 o que é considerado até
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