Nomination Document for Heritage River Status
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CANADIAN HERITAGE RIVERS SYSTEM Submitted to the Canadian Heritage Rivers Board by the Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport Photos used in cover from top to bottom: 1. View of the battle of Fish Creek during the Riel Rebellion. 1885. Glenbow Archives NA-1353-9. 2. Boilers of S.S. Northcote. 1885. Saskatchewan Archives Board. R-B259 3. Saskatchewan Forks Project. Photo courtsey of Saskatchewan Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport. 4. Shelling Batoche, last shot before the attack on the guns, Saskatchewan. 1885. Glenbow Archives NA-363-43. 5.The Wreck of the City of Medicine Hat. 1908. Saskatoon Local History Room. LH438 6. Batoche Cemetery, Church in Background. 1885. Saskatchewan Archives Board. R-B4463. 7. Two men mapping the medicine wheel at Wanuskewin. Saskatoon Local History Room. LH-5054. This document was written by Calvin Kirby. Layout design was done by Jennifer Nelson, Partners FOR the Saskatchewan River Basin. © 2010 Partners FOR the Saskatchewan RIver Basin TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................... ii RIVER NOMINATION............................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 3 1.1 Heritage Designation Initiative.................................................... 3 Heritage Designation Steering Committee................................ 4 Community Support and Involvement....................................... 4 Methodology............................................................................. 4 1.2 The Canadian Heritage Rivers System..................................... 5 1.3 Context of the South Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Rivers.. 6 1.4 Role of the South Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Rivers in the Canadian Heritage Rivers System....................................... 10 CHAPTER 2 CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES.................................................... 20 2.1 Description of Cultural Heritage Values...................................... 20 Resource Harvesting................................................................ 20 Water Transport........................................................................ 23 Riparian Settlement.................................................................. 28 Culture and Recreation............................................................. 33 Jurisdictional Use...................................................................... 35 2.2 Assessment of Cultural Heritage Values..................................... 39 References............................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 3 NATURAL HERITAGE VALUES........................................................ 45 3.1 Description of Natural Heritage Values....................................... 45 Hydrology.................................................................................. 45 Physiography............................................................................. 48 River Morphology...................................................................... 49 Biotic Environment.................................................................... 51 Vegetation................................................................................. 52 Fauna........................................................................................ 53 -i--i- 3.2 Assessment of Natural Values................................................................. 54 References.......................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4 RECREATIONAL VALUES............................................................................ 60 4.1 Description of Recreational Values......................................................... 60 River-Based Recreation..................................................................... 60 Reservoir-Based Recreation.............................................................. 61 Urban-Based Recreation.................................................................... 62 4.2 Assessment of Recreational Values........................................................ 63 References......................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION............................................................................................... 67 Appendices .................................................................................................. 68 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 70 Letters of Support ........................................................................................ 72 Figure 1. 1 Canadian Heritage Rivers Map.......................................................................... 6 Figure 1. 2 Drainage Basins Map........................................................................................ 9 Table 1. 1 South Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Rivers Cultural Heritage Theme Representations................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2. 1 Cultural Heritage Map....................................................................................... 19 Figure 2. 2 Fishing in the River............................................................................................. 20 Figure 2. 3 Gardiner Dam.................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2.4 Unidentifi ed man on board the Half-Breed Commisioneers’ York boat, Saskatchewan River NWT, 1900......................................................................................... 23 Figure 2. 5 The Wreck of the City of Medicine Hat. 1908.................................................... 25 Figure 2. 6 Samuel Hearne................................................................................................. 26 Figure 2. 7 The Siting of Cumberland House...................................................................... 26 Figure 2. 8 Camp at Elbow, 1871. Canadian Pacifi c Railway Survey................................. 27 Figure 2. 9 Two men mapping the medicine wheel at Wanuskewin................................... 29 Figure 2. 10 Hospitals in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 1885............................................... 30 -ii- Figure 2. 11 Metis Running Buffalo by Paul Kane............................................................... 31 Figure 2. 12 Ferry at Gabriel’s Crossing. 1940s.................................................................. 32 Figure 2. 13 Ferry loading horses and carts on Nutana side of river in 1907...................... 33 Figure 2. 14 Round Prairie Métis Cemetery......................................................................... 34 Figure 2. 15 Batoche Cemetery, Church in Background. 1885. ....................................... 35 Figure 2. 16 Shelling Batoche, last shot before the attack on the guns, Saskatchewan. 1885... 36 Figure 2. 17 View of the battle of Fish Creek during the Riel Rebellion. 1885................... 37 Figure 2. 18 Boilers of S.S. Northcote. 1885....................................................................... 38 Figure 2. 19 Wanuskewin Archaeological Excavation.......................................................... 39 Figure 3. 1 Natural Values Map........................................................................................... 44 Figure 3. 2 Effects of River Regulation Downstream of Gardiner Dam............................... 46 Figure 3. 3 Median Monthly Naturalized Flow for Saskatchewan River at The Pas............ 46 Figure 3. 4 Braided channel form of the South Saskatchewan River................................... 49 Figure 3. 5 Braided channel and Pike Lake......................................................................... 50 Figure 3. 6 “Sinuous Pattern”............................................................................................... 50 Figure 3. 7 Saskatchewan River Delta................................................................................. 50 Figure 3. 8 The Saskatchewan River Delta. North America’s largest inland Delta............ 51 Figure 3. 9 Typical Wetland................................................................................................ 51 Figure 3. 10 Saskatchewan Prairie...................................................................................... 52 Table 3. 1 List of Threatened Animals................................................................................... 53 Figure 3. 11 Yorath Island................................................................................................... 54 Figure 4. 1 Recreational Values Map................................................................................... 59 Figure 4. 1 Seven Young Men Canoeing. 1920’s............................................................... 61 Figure 4. 2 Four Young Men Covered in Mud..................................................................... 61 Figure 4. 3 Pike Lake.......................................................................................................... 62 Figure 4. 4 Saskatchewan Landing....................................................................................