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Geografický Výzkum Areálu Hořce Tolitovitého V Radhošťské Hornatině

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Geografický Výzkum Areálu Hořce Tolitovitého V Radhošťské Hornatině MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Brno 2012 Petr VYBRAL MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta Geografický ústav PETR VYBRAL GEOGRAFICKÝ VÝZKUM AREÁLU HOŘCE TOLITOVITÉHO V RADHOŠŤSKÉ HORNATINĚ DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Martin Culek, Ph.D. Brno 2012 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Bc. Petr Vybral Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Geografický ústav Název práce: Geografický výzkum areálu hořce tolitovitého v Radhošťské hornatině Studijní program: Geografie a kartografie Studijní obor: Fyzická geografie Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Martin Culek, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2012 Počet stran: 124 Klíčová slova: hořec tolitovitý (Gentiana asclepiadea), Radhošťský hřbet, Beskydy, rozšíření druhu, analýza závislostí, klasifikační stromy Bibliographic Entry Author: Bc. Petr Vybral Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Geography Title of Thesis: Geographical research of the Gentiana asclepiadea areal in Radhost mountain distrikt Degree Programme: Geography and Cartography Field of Study: Physical Geography Supervisor: RNDr. Martin Culek, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2012 Number of Pages: 124 Keywords: Willow Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea), Radhost ridge, Beskydy Mountain, areal of species, analysis of dependence, classification trees Abstrakt Diplomová práce se zabývá výskytem nápadné horské rostliny hořce tolitovitého (Gentiana asclepiadea) v geomorfologickém okrsku Radhošťský hřbet. Území zahrnuje horské masivy Radhoště, Kněhyně a Smrku. Základem práce je rozsáhlé terénní mapování výskytu druhu a jeho zakreslení do mapy. Následně je zpracována analýza závislosti rozšíření druhu na geografických faktorech prostředí. Do analýzy vstupují data o poloze, orografií území, klimatických podmínkách, půdních podmínkách, vlastnostech stanovišť a vegetace. Nejdůleţitější částí práce jsou výsledky analýz ukazující míru vlivu jednotlivých faktorů. Abstract This thesis deals with the occurrence of striking mountain plants Willow Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea) in geomorphological district Radhošť ridge. The area includes the mountain ranges Radhošť, Kněhyně and Smrk. The base of thesis is extensive field mapping of species and its occurrence on the map. After then it is analysed dependence of the species on geographic environmental factors. Input data for the analysis are position, orography, climate, soil conditions, vegetation and habitat characteristics. The most important part of this work is results of analysis. They show the degree of influence of individual factors. Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěl poděkovat vedoucímu práce RNDr. Martinu Culkovi, Ph.D. za cenné rady, bez kterých by tato práce nemohla vzniknout. Dále děkuji RNDr. Janu Divíškovi za konzultace a ochotnou pomoc při zpracování klasifikačních stromů. Ing. Dagmar Klimánkové z Ústavu pro hospodářskou úpravu lesů za poskytnutí dat lesnické typologie. Mgr. Daně Michalcové z Ústavu botaniky a zoologie za poskytnutí dat z České národní fytocenologické databáze. Mgr. Markovi Havlíčkovi z VÚKOZ, v.v.i. za poskytnutí starých map a dat o vyuţití krajiny v minulosti. Agentuře pro ochranu přírody a krajiny ČR za umoţnění přístupu k datům mapování biotopů. A v neposlední řadě děkuji také rodině Hlaváčové z Palkovic za poskytnutí ubytování a zázemí potřebného pro kvalitní terénní průzkum. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem svoji diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně pod vedením RNDr. Martina Culka, Ph.D. a s vyuţitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. Brno 11. května 2012 ………………………….. Bc. Petr Vybral OBSAH 1 ÚVOD .......................................................................................................................... 11 2 POLOHA A VYMEZENÍ ÚZEMÍ ............................................................................... 13 3 CHARAKTERISTIKA HOŘCE TOLITOVITÉHO (GENTIANA ASCLEPIADEA) ...... 15 4 ROZŠÍŘENÍ HOŘCE TOLITOVITÉHO V ČR ............................................................ 19 5 FYZICKOGEOGRAFICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ÚZEMÍ ...................................... 22 5.1 Geologické poměry ................................................................................................ 22 5.2 Reliéf a geomorfologie .......................................................................................... 24 5.3 Klimatické charakteristiky ..................................................................................... 27 5.3.1 Teplota vzduchu .............................................................................................. 28 5.3.2 Sráţky ............................................................................................................. 30 5.3.3 Klimatické klasifikace ..................................................................................... 32 5.3.4 Další vybrané charakteristiky .......................................................................... 33 5.4 Hydrologické poměry ............................................................................................ 34 5.5 Půdní poměry ........................................................................................................ 37 5.6 Biota ...................................................................................................................... 40 5.6.1 Biotopy ........................................................................................................... 40 5.6.2 Flóra ............................................................................................................... 42 5.6.3 Fauna .............................................................................................................. 44 5.7 Biogeografické členění .......................................................................................... 45 6 OCHRANA PŘÍRODY A KRAJINY ........................................................................... 48 6.1 Zvláště chráněná území.......................................................................................... 48 6.2 NATURA 2000 ..................................................................................................... 54 6.2.1 Ptačí oblasti – PO ............................................................................................ 54 6.2.2 Evropsky významné lokality – EVL ................................................................ 54 6.3 Important Bird Areas – IBA ................................................................................... 55 6.4 Územní systém ekologické stability – ÚSES .......................................................... 56 7 VÝVOJ OSÍDLENÍ A VYUŢITÍ ÚZEMÍ .................................................................... 57 8 METODIKA ................................................................................................................ 62 9 9 ANALÝZA ZÁVISLOSTÍ VÝSKYTU HOŘCE TOLITOVITÉHO NA GEOGRAFICKÝCH FAKTORECH PROSTŘEDÍ ....................................................... 64 9.1 Prostorová poloha .................................................................................................. 64 9.2 Reliéf ..................................................................................................................... 66 9.2.1 Nadmořská výška ............................................................................................ 66 9.2.2 Sklonitost svahů .............................................................................................. 71 9.2.3 Orientace svahů .............................................................................................. 74 9.2.4 Tvar mikroreliéfu ........................................................................................... 76 9.3 Klimatické charakteristiky ..................................................................................... 78 9.3.1 Teplota vzduchu .............................................................................................. 78 9.3.2 Sráţky ............................................................................................................. 79 9.3.3 Klimatická klasifikace dle Quitta .................................................................... 80 9.4 Půdní typy ............................................................................................................. 81 9.5 Lesnická typologie ................................................................................................. 82 9.5.1 Lesní vegetační stupně .................................................................................... 82 9.5.2 Edafické kategorie .......................................................................................... 84 9.5.3 Soubory lesních typů ....................................................................................... 86 9.5.4 Lesní typy ....................................................................................................... 88 9.6 Geobiocenologie .................................................................................................... 90 9.6.1 Vegetační stupně ............................................................................................. 91 9.6.2 Trofické poměry ............................................................................................. 93 9.6.3 Hydrické poměry ............................................................................................ 95 9.6.4 Skupiny typů geobiocénů ................................................................................ 97 9.7 Biotopy .................................................................................................................
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