Edvard I. Moser
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Laureadas Com O Nobel Na Fisiologia Ou Medicina (1995-2015)
No trono da ciência II: laureadas com o Nobel na Fisiologia ou Medicina (1995-2015) On the Throne of Science II: Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine (1995-2015) LUZINETE SIMÕES MINELLA Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina | UFSC RESUMO O artigo dá continuidade a uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre as trajetórias das doze cientistas que receberam o Nobel na Fisiologia ou Medicina entre 1947 e 2015. Na fase anterior foram analisadas as trajetó- rias das cinco pioneiras, laureadas entre 1947 e 1988 e nesta segunda etapa, são abordadas suas sucessoras, as sete premiadas entre 1995 e 2015. A análise das suas autobiografias, discursos e palestras disponíveis no site do prêmio, além de outras fontes, se fundamenta numa perspectiva balizada pela crítica feminista à ciência bem como pelos avanços dos estudos do campo de gênero e ciências e da história da ciência. O artigo tenta identificar semelhanças e diferenças entre as pioneiras e as sucessoras na tentativa de contribuir para o debate sobre as especificidades da feminização das carreiras científicas. 85 Palavras-chave Gênero e Ciências – Nobel – Fisiologia ou Medicina. ABSTRACT The article gives continuity to a broader research on the trajectories of the twelve scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine between 1947 and 2015. In the previous phase, the trajectories of the five pioneers awarded between 1947 and 1988 were analyzed, and, in this second phase, their successors, the seven awarded between 1995 and 2015, were approached. The analysis of their autobiographies, speeches and lectures available on the award site, in addition to other sources, is based on a feminist critique of science as well as advances of the studies in the field of gender and science and the history of science. -
Investigating Cosmic Snowballs
Investigating Cosmic Snowballs Professor David Jewitt CREDIT: NASA INVESTIGATING COSMIC SNOWBALLS Professor David Jewitt and his team at UCLA explore the nature of comets. These fleeting visitors to our cosmic shore are important sources of information, and can help to reveal the origin and evolution of the solar system. Most recently, Professor Jewitt’s team have explained the unusual activity of some of the most distant comets in the solar system. Comets play a vivid historical role in the orbital periods of less than 200 years), human psyche, often being interpreted and the other supplying long-period as portents of impending doom. In the objects (greater than 200 years). The era of modern science, we realise that nearest store of cometary precursors, comets are simply icy leftovers, frozen in containing billions of nuclei larger time since the solar system’s formation than a kilometre across, is called the about 4.6 billion years ago. Kuiper Belt. This is a fat disk of objects encircling the Sun with an inner edge Far from bringing us doom and disaster, at Neptune’s orbit – approximately 7.5 comets offer scientists unparalleled billion kilometres from the Sun, or 30 opportunities to learn about the earliest AU – and reaching out to at least several periods of the solar system’s evolution. thousand AU. Pluto resides in this region At the same time, they are some of and is now recognised as large Kuiper the most challenging objects to Belt object. study and remain some of the least well understood. The Kuiper belt was discovered by Professor David Jewitt and his former What Are Comets and Where Do student Jane Luu in 1992. -
Alector Strengthens Board of Directors with Appointments of David Wehner, Richard Scheller and Louis Lavigne
Alector Strengthens Board of Directors with Appointments of David Wehner, Richard Scheller and Louis Lavigne November 16, 2018 SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Alector, a privately held biotechnology company pioneering immuno-neurology, a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegeneration, today announced the following additions to its board as independent directors: David Wehner, Chief Financial Officer of Facebook Richard Scheller, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of 23andMe Louis J. Lavigne, Jr. former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Genentech “David, Richard and Lou bring extensive technical and operational expertise to our team, as we continue our progress towards becoming a fully integrated biotechnology company,” said Arnon Rosenthal, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of Alector. “We look forward to leveraging their insights in drug development, strategic financial management, business operations and corporate growth strategies in order to accelerate transformative medicines with the goal of curing neurodegenerative diseases.” Mr. Wehner brings extensive financial and operational experience to Alector. Prior to his current position as chief financial officer of Facebook, Mr. Wehner served as vice president of corporate finance and business planning at Facebook. Before that, he was the chief financial officer of Zynga and served in various positions at Allen & Company for nine years, where he ultimately served as a managing director. Earlier in his career, Mr. Wehner was an equity analyst at Hambrecht & Quist. Mr. Wehner holds an M.S. in applied physics from Stanford University and a B.S. in chemistry from Georgetown University. Dr. Scheller is a preeminent neuroscientist and experienced drug development leader. -
Nanoscience Prize 2020 Explanatory Notes
NANOSCIENCE PRIZE 2020 EXPLANATORY NOTES Looking inside matter atom by atom Manipulating matter at very small scales — even as precisely as moving single atoms — to create particles and devices with new functionalities is the ultimate ambition of nanoscience and nanotechnol- ogy. None of this could be achieved with- out an imaging technique that allows materials and devices to be studied with atomic resolution. In making their award, the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience committee has selected four scientists who contributed to the develop- ment and use of two types of instrument, generally known collectively as aberration- corrected transmission electron micro- scopes, which can provide information about the structure and other properties of materials with sub-ångström resolution, hence allowing individual atoms to be distinguished. Figure 1. The schematic for an aberration corrector in the 1990 paper by Harald Rose. Optik 85, 19–24 (1990); © Elsevier GmbH Optical microscopes can at best resolve and additional lenses form a magnified analyse the energy lost by electrons when features a few hundred nanometres image which is recorded with a CCD or a the beam scatters from atoms in the across, so a different approach is neces- CMOS camera. Ruska’s design is today material. This technique, known as elec- sary to distinguish single atoms. The scan- called CTEM, for conventional transmis- tron energy loss spectroscopy, or EELS, ning tunnelling microscope and the atomic sion electron microscope. Conventional” can provide information on the atomic force microscope, invented in the 1980s, means that, apart from employing elec- composition and electronic states inside achieved atomic resolution. However, they tron radiation, CTEM follows the design of the material. -
VITA David Jewitt Address Dept. Earth, Planetary and Space
VITA David Jewitt Address Dept. Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, UCLA 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 [email protected], http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/ Education B. Sc. University College London 1979 M. S. California Institute of Technology 1980 Ph. D. California Institute of Technology 1983 Professional Experience Summer Student Royal Greenwich Observatory 1978 Anthony Fellowship California Institute of Technology 1979-1980 Research Assistant California Institute of Technology 1980-1983 Assistant Professor Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1983-1988 Associate Professor and Astronomer University of Hawaii 1988-1993 Professor and Astronomer University of Hawaii 1993-2009 Professor Dept. Earth, Planetary & Space Sciences, UCLA 2009- Inst. of Geophys & Planetary Physics, UCLA 2009-2011 Dept. Physics & Astronomy, UCLA 2010- Director Institute for Planets & Exoplanets, UCLA, 2011- Honors Regent's Medal, University of Hawaii 1994 Scientist of the Year, ARCS 1996 Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award, NASA 1996 Fellow of University College London 1998 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2005 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2005 Member of the National Academy of Sciences 2005 National Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Professor 2006-2011 National Central University, Taiwan, Adjunct Professor 2007 The Shaw Prize for Astronomy 2012 The Kavli Prize for Astrophysics 2012 Foreign Member, Norwegian Academy of Sciences & Letters 2012 Research -
Is Neuroscience a Bigger Threat Than Artifical Intelligence
Is Neuroscience a Bigger Threat than Artificial Intelligence? IBM’s Jeopardy winning computer Watson is a serious threat, not just to the livelihood of medical diagnosticians, but to other professionals who may find themselves going the way of welders. Besides its economic threat, the advance of AI seems to pose a cultural threat: if physical systems can do what we do without thought to give meaning to their achievements, the conscious human mind will be displaced from its unique role in the universe as a creative, responsible, rational agent. But this worry has a more powerful basis in the Nobel Prize winning discoveries of a quartet of neuroscientists—Eric Kandel, John O’Keefe, Edvard, and May-Britt Moser. For between them they have shown that the human brain doesn’t work the way conscious experience suggests at all. Instead it operates to deliver human achievements in the way IBM’s Watson does. Thoughts with meaning have no more role in the human brain than in artificial intelligence. Consciousness tells us that we employ a theory of mind, both to decide on our own actions and to predict and explain the behavior of others. According to this theory there have to be particular belief/desire pairings somewhere in our brains working together to bring about movements of the body, including speech and writing. Which beliefs and desires in particular? Roughly speaking it’s the contents of beliefs and desires—what they are about—that pair them up to drive our actions. The desires represent the ends, the beliefs record the available means to attain them. -
The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology Or Medicine John O´Keefe May-Britt
PRESS RELEASE 2014‐10‐06 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with one half to John O´Keefe and the other half jointly to May‐Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ How do we know where we are? How can we find the way from one place to another? And how can we store this information in such a way that we can immediately find the way the next time we trace the same path? This year´s Nobel Laureates have discovered a positioning system, an “inner GPS” in the brain that makes it possible to orient ourselves in space, demonstrating a cellular basis for higher cognitive function. In 1971, John O´Keefe discovered the first component of this positioning system. He found that a type of nerve cell in an area of the brain called the hippocampus that was always activated when a rat was at a certain place in a room. Other nerve cells were activated when the rat was at other places. O´Keefe concluded that these “place cells” formed a map of the room. More than three decades later, in 2005, May‐Britt and Edvard Moser discovered another key component of the brain’s positioning system. They identified another type of nerve cell, which they called “grid cells”, that generate a coordinate system and allow for precise positioning and pathfinding. Their subsequent research showed how place and grid cells make it possible to determine position and to navigate. -
ERC Press Release O in 2012, Prof
Press release 6 October 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine to two European Research Council grantees It was announced today by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, that the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine has been awarded to Professor Edvard I. Moser and Professor May-Britt Moser, both ERC Advanced Grant holders, together with Professor John O´Keefe, "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain". On this occasion, European Commission President José Manuel Barroso said: "I warmly congratulate John O´Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser on their achievement. I am particularly proud that both May-Britt and Edvard Moser are holders of European Research Council Advanced Grants. The ERC supports the very best pioneering researchers across Europe, and has made a real impact since its launch in 2007. This is why we decided on a significant boost for the ERC budget in our new research and innovation programme, Horizon 2020." The President of the European Research Council (ERC), Prof. Jean-Pierre-Bourguignon, commented: "On behalf of the ERC, I would like to extend warm congratulations to this year’s three Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine. We are very proud that the European Research Council has funded two of the winners - Professors Edvard I. Moser and May-Britt Moser. Their ERC Advanced Grants contributed in a significant way to their ground-breaking research on the navigation system of the brain. Today's news confirms that the ERC invests in the best minds – whether young or senior - to support their most innovative ideas at the cutting edge." This is the third time that a Nobel Prize goes to top researchers funded by the ERC since its launch. -
Peder Sather Center for Advanced Study
Peder Sather Center for Advanced Study A Research and Educational Collaboration between Norway and the University of California, Berkeley sathercenter.berkeley.edu Peder Sather Center for Advanced Study Background and Purpose The primary mission of the Peder Sather Center for Advanced Study is to strengthen ongoing research collaborations and foster the develop- ment of new collaborations between the University of California, Berkeley and the consortium of nine participating Norwegian academic institutions. The Peder Sather Center for Advanced Study’s funding enables UC Berkeley faculty to conduct exploratory and cutting edge research in tandem with leading researchers from the following nine Norwegian higher education institutions and the Research Council of Norway: Peder Sather (1810-1886) Peder Sather, a farmer’s son from Norway, BI Norwegian Business School (BI) emigrated to New York City in 1832. Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) There he started up as a servant and lottery ticket seller before opening an exchange Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) brokerage, later to become a full-fledged University of Agder (UiA) banking house. When gold was discovered in California, banker Francis Drexel University of Bergen (UiB) offered Peder Sather and his companion, Edward Church, a large loan to establish a Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) bank in San Francisco. From 1863 Peder University of Oslo (UiO) Sather went on as the sole owner of the bank and in the late 1860’s he had become University of Stavanger (UiS) one of California’s richest men. UiT The Arctic University of Norway Peder Sather was a public-spirited man, a philanthropist and an eager supporter of The Peder Sather Center selects projects for support and serves as the public education on all levels and for both sexes. -
By Ardem Patapoutian Mom Was an Elementary School Teacher and Principal and My Dad Was a Writer and Accountant
I was born in Beirut, Lebanon, where my by Ardem Patapoutian mom was an elementary school teacher and principal and my dad was a writer and accountant. The youngest of three kids, I attended small Armenian schools which was eight years old when the Lebanese continued shrinking in class size as more Civil War began. Life was often families escaped the war. By my freshman understandably stressful, with curfews, high school year, we were down to five limited hours of electricity, and the not students, all dear pals, where I was infrequent explosion. As Armenians, we perhaps middle of the pack in my subjects were usually treated as quasi-neutral but definitely the shortest in stature. The parties to the Christian-Muslim strife, and I school closed the next year, and I moved At age 13, front and center with basketball, Beirut, circa 1980 to a multicultural and academically rigorous private high school where I initially flailed but eventually found a knack for math and science classes, a classic late bloomer. I had three havens of childhood I remember with fondness: my sports club where I played basketball (not well, see height above) and table tennis (local champ!), our trips to the Mediterranean Sea and the wooded mountains surrounding Beirut, and the beautiful campus of the American University of Beirut, where I attended one year of undergraduate classes as a pre-med major. However, the conflict continued to At four years old, with older brother and sister next to the Mediterranean Sea in Beirut, Lebanon, ca 1970 escalate, and one fateful and terrifying morning, I was captured and held by armed militants. -
May-Britt Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Grid Cells, Place Cells and Memory Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2014 by May-Britt Moser Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. n 7 December 2014 I gave the most prestigious lecture I have given in O my life—the Nobel Prize Lecture in Medicine or Physiology. Afer lectures by my former mentor John O’Keefe and my close colleague of more than 30 years, Edvard Moser, the audience was still completely engaged, wonderful and responsive. I was so excited to walk out on the stage, and proud to present new and exciting data from our lab. Te title of my talk was: “Grid cells, place cells and memory.” Te long-term vision of my lab is to understand how higher cognitive func- tions are generated by neural activity. At frst glance, this seems like an over- ambitious goal. President Barack Obama expressed our current lack of knowl- edge about the workings of the brain when he announced the Brain Initiative last year. He said: “As humans, we can identify galaxies light years away; we can study particles smaller than an atom. But we still haven’t unlocked the mystery of the three pounds of matter that sits between our ears.” Will these mysteries remain secrets forever, or can we unlock them? What did Obama say when he was elected President? “Yes, we can!” To illustrate that the impossible is possible, I started my lecture by showing a movie with a cute mouse that struggled to bring a biscuit over an edge and home to its nest. Te biscuit was almost bigger than the mouse itself. -
FY2006 Society for Neuroscience Annual Report
Navigating A Changing Landscape FY2006 Annual Report 2005–2006 Society for 2005–2006 Society Past Presidents Neuroscience Council for Neuroscience Committee Chairs Carol A. Barnes, PhD, 2004–05 OFFICERS Anne B. Young, MD, PhD, 2003–04 Stephen F. Heinemann, PhD Darwin K. Berg, PhD Huda Akil, PhD, 2002–03 President Audit Committee Fred H. Gage, PhD, 2001–02 David Van Essen, PhD John H. Morrison, PhD Donald L. Price, MD, 2000–01 President-Elect Committee on Animals in Research Dennis W. Choi, MD, PhD, 1999–00 Carol A. Barnes, PhD Irwin B. Levitan, PhD Edward G. Jones, MD, DPhil, 1998–99 Past President Committee on Committees Lorne M. Mendell, PhD, 1997–98 Bruce S. McEwen, PhD, 1996–97 Michael E. Goldberg, MD William J. Martin, PhD Treasurer Committee on Diversity in Neuroscience Pasko Rakic, MD, PhD, 1995–96 Carla J. Shatz, PhD, 1994–95 Christine M. Gall, PhD Rita J. Balice-Gordon, PhD Larry R. Squire, PhD, 1993–94 Treasurer-Elect Judy Illes, PhD (Co-chairs) Committee on Women in Neuroscience Ira B. Black, MD, 1992–93 William T. Greenough, PhD Joseph T. Coyle, MD, 1991–92 Past Treasurer Michael E. Goldberg, MD Robert H. Wurtz, PhD, 1990–91 Finance Committee Irwin B. Levitan, PhD Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic, PhD, 1989–90 Secretary Mahlon R. DeLong, MD David H. Hubel, MD, 1988–89 Government and Public Affairs Committee Albert J. Aguayo, MD, 1987–88 COUNCILORS Darwin K. Berg, PhD Laurence Abbott, PhD Mortimer Mishkin, PhD, 1986–87 Information Technology Committee Bernice Grafstein, PhD, 1985–86 Joanne E. Berger-Sweeney, PhD William D.