Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Figures; page numbers in bold refer to Tables.

Active volcanism, 490 radiogenic isotopes, 95 Basiluzzo dome, 373 Aeolian Islands, 1, 5, 27–35 radiometric ages, 85, 102 Epoch 4 volcanic products, 376 location map, 492 radiometric ages obtained for volcanic Basiluzzo Formation Africa-Eurasia convergence zone rocks, 105 lithologic properties, 392 Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution, 4 Scoglio Galera Synthem, 91 Basiluzzo rhyolites, 375 Alicudi Island Spano Synthem, 93 Bastimento Formation dimensions, 83–84 stable isotopes, 95–96 lithological features, 461 localization, 84 stratigraphic succession, 88, 89–90 Bastimento lavas, 429 Alicudi volcano, 15, 83–109 stratocone, 91 Bastimento Subsynthem, 428 age, 87 strontium isotope, 100 Bathymetric maps, 2, 14, 56, 84 Alicudi stratocone, 91 structural features, 87–88 Aeolian Islands, 2 Alicudi West Synthem, 91–93 submerged portions, 33 DEM, 14 Angona Synthem, 93 tephrostratigraphic constraints, Panarea volcanic group, 353 areal distributions of volcanic 85–86 Vulcano-Lipari-Salina, 214 products, 92 thermobarometric investigation, 100 Bathymetric morphostructural setting, basalts, 94 time-stratigraphic framework, 90 83–84 bathymetric morphostructural setting, trace elements data, 498 Bathymetric sections on submarine 83–84 unconformities, 88–89, 89 flanks, 17 bathymetric subrounded features, 34 unconformity-bounded framework, 90 Bathymetry, 28–34 behavior, 94 volcanic products, 94 Aeolian archipelago data, 34 calderas, 83–84 volcanic systems, 33 Aeolian Islands, 28–34 chronostratigraphic framework, volcanism, 83–84 multibeam swath, 27 85–87, 95 volcano-tectonic collapse, 87 shallow-water three dimensional collapse, 102 volcano-tectonic collapse rims, 88 view, 22 compositions, 108–109 Alicudi volcano rocks Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, 38 construction, 102 classification, 90–91 transects perpendicular to Epochs 1–6 time-development and classification diagrams, 93 coast, 21 characteristics, 103 crust assimilation, 101 volcanic islands, 38 erosional unconformities, 89 fractional crystallization, 101 Bazzina lavas, 96 eruption type, 102 geochemical data, 97 Belvedere Formation Paleo-Alicudi informal unit, 91 incompatible element patterns, 99 lithologic properties, 267 eruptive history, 91–94 major element v. silicon dioxide variation Benefizio Subsynthem, geochemical data, 94–97 diagrams, 98 126–127 geochemistry of xenoliths, 96–97 mantle wedge, 100 Benioff zone rollback, 505 geological cross-section of Eruptive silicon dioxide variation, 97 Bertaccia Formation Epochs, 104 trace element variation diagrams, 99 lithologic properties, 267 geological map and stratigraphic Alicudi West Synthem, 91–93 Bonanno Formation reconstruction, 85 Allogenic unconformities, 45, lithologic properties, 267 geology, 84–85 47, 74 Brown Tuffs growth history, 105 examples, 46 eruption types, 64 isotopic signatures, 100 Lipari volcanic complex, 224 glass compositions range, 63 lead isotopic composition, 100 outcrop exposure, 72 –73 glass shards element data, 66 literature review, 85 Panarea volcanic group, 361 Lipari volcanic complex, 219 lithostratigraphic units, 106–107 Salina Island, 164 Panarea volcanic group, 357 magma evolution, 97–99 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian petrochemical classification of glass magmas, 83–84 archipelago, 73 fragments, 65 magmatic evolution, 101 time-stratigraphic framework, 75 radiocarbon ages, 160 magmatic history, 100–102 Angona Synthem Salina Island, 162 magma-wall-rock interaction, 97 Alicudi composite volcano, 93 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian major elements data, 498 Assimilation plus fractional crystallization, archipelago, 65–66 mantle source composition, 135, 492 stratigraphic section, 64 99–100 Autogenic unconformities successions, 220 mapping methodology, 84–85 examples, 46 Vulcano, 330 marine terrace deposits, 86, Filicudi, 121 Bruca Synthem, 241 86–87, 102 Panarea volcanic group, 362 mineral chemistry, 90–91 C14 ages Montagnole Synthem, 93–94 Bagni Termali San Calogero Formation calibration, 57 morpho-structural sketch map, 87 lithologic properties, 266 Cala Bianca Formation petrogenesis, 97–102 Bagno Secco Subsynthem, 237–239 lithologic properties, 389 petrography, 90–91 Baia di Levante Calabrian Arc, 4 petrological data, 94–97 volcaniclastic fan, 33 Ionian slab, 5 plumbing system, 100–102 Banco di Filicudi, 114 metapelites and felsic granulites, 6

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Cala del Formaggio Formation lithologic properties, 269 Falcone Formation, 243 lithologic features, 338 products, 241 lithologic properties, 270 Cala Fico Supersynthem, 77 Chiesa Vecchia stratocone, 239 Faro Formation, 86 Calc-alkaline rocks, 490 Chirica Rasa Subsynthem, 246–247 Felsic granulites magmas origin, 506–507 Chiumento, 126–127, 129 Calabrian Arc, 6 Paleostromboli, 433 activity, 126, 127 Ferromagnesian trace elements, 248 Panarea volcanic group, 375 products, 127 Filicudi Strombolicchio Formation, 407, 450 stratocone, 126 active eruptive vents, 141 Calcara Subsynthem, 368 C.le S.Elmo Subsynthem, 247–248 autogenic unconformities, 121 Caldera Clinopyroxene, 494 basaltic andesites, 136 Alicudi volcano, 83–84, 83–109 Collapse (see volcano-tectonic collapse, basalts element patterns, 136 formation, 330–331 lateral collapse, sector collapse, bathymetric setting, 114 il Piano, 302–304, 326, 331 flank collapse) Canna activity, 130–133 La Fossa, 64, 65, 308, 330, 331 Costa d’Agosto Formation chronostratigraphic sketch Vulcano, 284, 330–331 lithologic properties, 266, 269 diagram, 117 Campanian Ignimbrite, 61 Costa del Capraio Formation composite stratigraphic sections, 131 Campanian-Roman or Neapolitan volcanoes lithologic properties, 390 dating framework, 117 activity, 57 Costa del Capraio Subsynthem, 370–371 Epoch 1, 125–126 Campanian-Roman tephra, 60 Costa San Vincenzo Formation Epoch 2, 126 Campanian-Roman tephra layers, 61 lithological features, 457 Epoch 2a, 126 Campanian-Roman tephras Crustal contamination, 187 Epoch 2b, 126–127 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian AFC processes, 135 Epoch 2c, 127–129 archipelago, 61–62 Crustal vertical movements, 20 Epoch 2d, 129 Campanian tephra layers Aeolian Islands, 20 Epoch 3, 129–130 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian Cugni di Molinello Formation, 307 Epoch 4, 130–133 archipelago, 57–62 lithologic features, 339 Eruption 4.1, 130 Canna, 114 Cugno Aghiastro Formation Eruption 4.2, 130 activity chronology, 132 lithological features, 456 eruptive history, 123–133 eruptive vent, 143 Cugno Aghiastro Subsynthem, 416 eruptive vents, 142 geological map, 115, 125 Fossa Felci, 126 composition of metamorphic Dattilo Formation fractional crystallization, 136 xenolith, 137 dome-field, 368 geochemical data, 133–134 geochemical characteristics, 137 lithologic properties, 389 geochemistry of xenoliths, 134 radiometric ages obtained for volcanic Debris avalanche, 129 geological history, 138, 142 rocks, 144–145 Deformation model, 8 geological map, 115, 125 sketch stratigraphy, 125 Sc.8 dell’Immeruta Formation 116, 124, 132, geological mapping, 114–116 volcanic neck, 133 159, 163, 166, 171, 178, 200, 230, geological setting, 114 Capo Graziano, 129–130 239, 267, 269, 368, 390 lithostratigraphic units, 146–149 Capo Grillo Formation lithologic properties, 267 magmatic evolution, 135–137 lithologic features, 336 Depth and size parameters of submerged magmatic plumbing system, 139 Capo Milazzo peninsula, 57, 63, 65, 76 shelves, 18 magmatism, 113–151 Capo Rosso Formation Detrital deposits, 45, 69 major and trace elements, 133 lithologic properties, 272 Digital Elevation Models (DEM) major and trace elements data, 83, 155, Capo Secco bathymetric maps, 14 213, 248, 375 lava cone, 22 Drauto Formation mantle source composition, 137-138 palaeo-geographic sketch map, 22 lithologic properties, 392 mapping methodology, 115 shield volcano, 295 pumiceous layer, 373 marine terrace deposits, 116–123 Carabinieri Formation pumices, 374–375 marine terraces chronology, domes, 309 118–119 lithologic features, 339 Earthquakes mineral chemistry, 123 CARG Geological Mapping project of Aeolian volcanoes, 8–9 morphostructural features, 115–116 Italy, 84 Sisifo-Alicudi Fault System, 6 morphostructural setting, 114 Caruggi Formation Eastern sector bathy-morphological setting, morphostructural sketch map, 116 lithologic features, 341 29–31 outcrop exposures of volcanic products, Casa Ficarisi stratocone, 125–126 Enclave (magmatic enclave), 232, 234, 295, 127 Casa Grotta dell’Abate Synthem, 299 313, 318, 319, 436 palaeoshorelines, 73, 116–123 Casa Lentia Formation Epiclastic deposits, 45, 69 petrogenesis, 134–138 lithologic features, 339 Epoch. See specific name of area e.g. petrography, 123 Casa Petrulla Formation Filicudi petrological data, 133–134 lithologic features, 336 Erosional unconformities plumbing system, 137–138 Case dello Zucco Grande, 130–133 Alicudi volcano, 89 previous work on geological Castello di Salvamento Synthem, Erosive shelf break, 21 mapping, 115 369–368 Eruption types, 50 radiogenic isotopes, 133–134 Castello Formation Eruption Unit concept, 50 radiogenic isotope compositions, 137 lithologic properties, 272, 390 Eruptive epoch. See specific name of area radiometric ages, 117–119 Cavoni Formation e.g. Filicudi radiometric ages obtained for volcanic lithological features, 456 Eustatic fluctuations, 20 rocks, 144–145 Chiappe Lisce Formation Aeolian Islands, 20 rock characteristics, 136 lithological features, 461 Evolutionary characteristics, 13 rock classification, 123

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rock classification diagram, 126 Geological setting, 38 K–Ar method, 117 rock compositions, 123 Ginostra Formation schematic shore-parallel vertical lithological features, 459 La Fossa Formation profile, 120 Gramigna Subsynthem, 418 calderas, 64, 65, 308, 330, 331 sea-level fuctuations history, Gran Cratere 1 Formation cones, 285, 309–314, 321 113–151 lithologic features, 342 eruptive vents, 333 silica dioxide variation diagrams, 137 Gran Cratere 2 Formation ground deformation data, 331 sketch stratigraphy, 125 lithologic features, 342 lithologic properties, 389 stable isotopes, 134 Gran Cratere di La Fossa, 290 lithology and stratigraphy, 283 stratigraphic framework, 140 cone, 309, 311–313, 313–314 products, 314 stratigraphic reconstruction, 138 Grey Porri Tuffs, 358 radiogenic isotopic data, 322 stratigraphic succession, 122–123 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian Lahar, 40, 178, 269, 341, 460 subaerial growth, 140 archipelago, 62 Lahar deposits, 129 tectonic lineaments, 116 Grotta dei Palizzi 1 Formation, 311 Lami Formation tephra layers, 118 lithologic features, 340 lithologic properties, 273 tephrostratigraphic constraints, 118 Grotta dei Palizzi 2 Formation, 312 pyroclastic succession, 248 terrace deposits, 74 lithologic features, 341 Lateral collapse, See Stromboli time-stratigraphic framework, 122 Grotta dei Palizzi 3 Formation, 313 La Petrazza, 416 unconformities, 119–122, 121 lithologic features, 341 La Petrazza-2 Formation volcanic activity, 140 Grotta del Tabacco Formation lithological features, 454 volcanic history, 113 lithologic properties, 389 La Petrazza Formation volcanic lithosomes, 123 Guardiani Subsynthem, 418 lithological features, 454 volcanics, 123 La Petrazza-Scari elements and isotopic composition, Hazard (volcanic hazard), See Stromboli, synthetic stratigraphic section, 417 150–151 Vulcano, Panarea La Sommata Formation volcanism, 113–151, 130 Helium isotopes, 96 lithologic features, 337 volcano-tectonics, 113–151 Holocene activity scoria cones, 285 Filicudi-Canna-Banco di Filicudi hydromagmatic eruptions, 445 Le Formiche Formation morphological alignment, 33 Holocene eccentric activity, 445 lithologic properties, 389 Filicudi Island, 15 Hydrothermal alteration, 237 Le Puntazze Subsynthem, 239 seaward extension, 33 Le Roccette Formation sketch geological sections, 45 il Faraglione, 311 lava flows, 431–433, 431 volcanic system, 33 lithologic features, 340 lithological features, 462 Filicudi North Seamount, 33 il Piano Le Roccette Subsynthem, 429 Fili di Baraona Subsynthem, 433–435 caldera, 326, 331 Lipari-Salina Basin, 31 Filo del Fuoco Formation caldera-infilling products, Lipari volcanic complex, 8, 15, 67, 263 lavas, 437 302–304 allogenic unconformities, 224 lithological features, 458 Epoch 5 products, 302 basaltic andesite rocks, 255 Filo del Fuoco Subsynthem, 421 il Piano di Vulcano Brown Tuffs, 221 Filo dell’Arpa Formation geological cross-section, 300 chronology of marine terraces, lava domes, 96 il Piano di Vulcano Synthem, 223–224 flank collapse, See Stromboli 302–304 chronostratigraphic framework, Fontanelle Synthem, 242–243 Incompatible element patterns, 495 217–219, 219 Forgia Vecchia Formation, 248 Incompatible trace elements, 495 chronostratigraphic framework of lithologic features, 341 Interglacial palaeoshorelines eruptive history, 260–261 lithologic properties, 272 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian composite stratigraphic sections, 48 Fossetta Formation, 429 archipelago, 68–71 compositional features of volcanic Fossa Castagna Subsynthem, 248 Ionian plate rocks, 234 Fossa della Valle Subsynthem, 241 geodynamic setting, 507 correlation of tephra layers and marine Fossa delle Rocche Rosse Formation Ionian Sea, 60 terrace deposits, 263 lithologic properties, 273 Ionian slab edges of submarine shelves, 31 Fossa Felci, 126–127, 127–129, 135 Calabrian Arc, 5 Epoch 1, 237 activity, 126 Ischia Tephra, 66, 151 Epoch 2, 235, 237–239 stratocone, 125–126 lithologic properties, 392 Epoch 3, 239 Fossetta Formation Isotopes Epoch 4, 239–241 lava flows, 431–432 Alicudi volcano, 95–96, 100 Epoch 5, 235, 241 lithological features, 462 data, 505 Epoch 5a, 241 Fractional crystallization, 187 Filicudi, 133–134, 137 Epoch 5b, 241 Frontone Formation helium, 96 Epoch 6, 242–243 lithological features, 458 Lipari volcanic complex, 249, 257 Epoch 7, 235, 243 Frontone Synthem, 418–421 magmas, 496–502 Epoch 8a, 245 Fuori del Pertuso Formation oxygen strontium data, 495 Epoch 8b, 245–246 lithologic properties, 267 Panarea volcanic group, 376, 382 Epoch 9, 246, 246–248 ratios, 490 Epoch 9a, 247 Geochemical data, 490 Salina Island, 181–184, 201 Epoch 9b, 247–248 Geodynamic scenario, 38 Salina volcanic suite, 189 Epoch 9c, 248 Geological map, 1, 37–51, 115, Stromboli volcano, 435–436, 439, Epochs succession, 237 157, 399 443, 490 Eruption 7.1, 243 Geological monographs, 1 Vulcano, 317–318 Eruption 7.2, 243

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Lipari volcanic complex (Continued) stratigraphic nomenclature, 215 compositional variations, 491–506 Eruption 8, 243–245 stratigraphic succession, 229–232, compositions, 492–493 eruptive history, 215, 235–248, 255 230–231 contamination, 494–496, 495 external tephra layers, 220 stratigraphy, 213–275 fractional crystallization, 491 first-order unconformities, 227 strontium-neodymium-lead isotopes, 249 genesis, 496–504 fission track dating, 219 structural features, 215–217 geodynamic implications, 491–508, 505 fluid inclusions, 258 submarine morphology, 32 geodynamic setting, 496–504 geochemical data, 248–249 synthetic stratigraphic sections, 242 isotope composition of mantle sources, geological evolution, 213–275 tectonic trends, 261 496–502 geological map, 228–229 tephrostratigraphic constraints, 217–223 Lipari volcanic complex evolution geology and mapping, 214–234 third-order rank unconformities, 229 processes, 249–251 igneous xenoliths, 234 trace element, 253 mantle melting conditions, 506–507 inter-element plots, 254 unconformities, 224–229, 225 mantle metasomatism, 504–506 isotopic compositions, 274–275 unconformity-bounded stratigraphic mantle source composition, 496–504 layering of crust, 6 framework, 229 mixing-mingling, 493–494 list of lithostratigraphic units, 266–273 unconformity-bounded units, 226 petrogenesis implications, 491–506 lithological and volcanological volcanic products, 238, 249 petrological outlines, 491–493 characterization, 215 volcanic rock classification diagram, 233 ponding and ascent conditions, 494 lithostratigraphic features, 40 volcano-tectonic collapse structures, 217 pre-metasomatic mantle lithostratigraphic units, 232 Lisca Bianca Formation composition, 505 localization, 214 lithologic properties, 389 shallow-level magma evolution, mafic enclaves, 232–234 Liscione Synthem, 421–428 493–494 mafic rocks, 249 Lithostratigraphic units, 39–41 shoshonitic magmas, 506–507 magma ascent path, 254 Lithosomes, 41 structural outlines, 491–493 magma-crust interaction, 250 designation, 42 trace element composition of mantle magma evolution processes, 249–251 examples, 42–43 sources, 496–502 magmas, 249 stratigraphic significance, 44 volcanological outlines, 491–493 magmatic feeding system, 251–255 volcanic areas, 41–44 Magmatic evolution process, 504 magmatic history, 258–259 Lo Inzolfato Subsynthem, 242–243 Magma-wall-rock interaction, 494 major and trace elements, 248–249 L’Omo Formation Magnitude major and trace elements composition, lithological features, 455 Major and trace elements v. silica, 494 230–231 Lower Rina Formation Malo Passo Formation, 416 major and trace elements data, 499–500 lavas of Epoch 2, 437 lithological features, 455 major element, 252 lithological features, 454 Malo Passo Subsynthem, 416 mapping and methodology, 214–215 Malpasso Formation maps of active eruptive vents, 262–263 M. Chirica Formation, 241–243 lithological features, 454 marine terrace deposits and intermediate portion, 239 Malpasso lavas, 413 palaeoshorelines, 217 lithologic properties, 269 Mappable lithostratigraphic unit, 51 mineral chemistry, 232–234 products, 242 Marine deep-sea tephra units mineral chemistry of volcanic rocks, 234 stratocone, 223 element data of glass shards, 60 mineralogy of volcanic rocks, 234 M. Giardina Formation, 245 Marine palaeoshorelines, 68 morphological features, 40 lithologic properties, 271 Marine terrace, 66–73 morphostructural setting, 213–214 M. Guardia Formation, 245 Marine terrace deposits morphostructural sketch map, 216 lithologic features, 338 Alicudi volcano, 86, 86–87 neodymium v. strontium, 256 lithologic properties, 271, 392 Filicudi, 116–123 palaeoshorelines, 222, 223 marker beds, 221 Filicudi chronology, 118–119 period of dormancy, 243 pyroclastic rocks, 232 Lipari volcanic complex, 217, 222 petrogenesis, 249–255 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian Panarea volcanic group, 355–356, 357 petrographic features, 235 archipelago, 62–63 Salina Island, 158–159, 162, 163 petrography, 232–234 M. Mazzacaruso Formation sketch dip-oriented sections, 47 petrography of xenoliths, 232–234 activity, 237 Vulcano, 288 petrological data, 248–249 lithologic properties, 266 Marine Y-7 tephra, 60 previous works on stratigraphy and M. Pilato, 247–248 Maximum shelf width, 21 mapping, 215 chronological assessment, 247 Menichedda Subsynthem, 305–309 radiometric age products, 218 eruption, 361–362 Metapelites of Calabrian Arc, 6 radiometric ages, 215, 217–219, 264–265 pumice cone, 247 Metasomatic agents, 503 ranking of unconformities and UBUs, 49 pyroclastics, 63 Mid-Ocean-Ridge Basalt (MORB) REE patterns, 254 tephra layer, 359 Aeolian archipelago, 100 rhyolite volcanic products, 244, 246 M. S. Angelo, 239–241, 241–243 rocks, 503 rock classification, 232–234 Epochs 4–5 volcanic products, 240 Moho depth schematic vertical profiles, 218 stratocone, 239 crustal tomography images, 5 seismic profiles, 22 Mafic compositions, 506 three dimensional map, 6 sketch geological sections, 45 Mafic-intermediate rocks Montagnole Synthem south-western part, 19, 22, 22 isotopic compositions, 496 Alicudi composite volcano, 93–94 stages of development, 258 strontium-lead isotopic compositions, 497 Monte Aria Formation stratigraphic architecture, 224 Mafic rocks, 323 fissure, 299–302 stratigraphic features, 40 Magmas, 491–506 lithologic features, 336 stratigraphic framework of unconformities, Alicudi volcano, 83–84, 83–109 products, 300 226 calc-alkaline origin, 506–507 volcanic products of Epoch 4, 301

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Monte dei Porri North Panarea Seamount characteristics of volcanic units and phases, 179 submarine edifice, 31 structural features, 350 products, 179 chronology of marine terraces, 361–362 stratocone, 158, 178–179 Oldest rocks dated, 13 chronology of terraces and rates of stratocone built up, 195 Outcropping volcanic features, 34 uplift, 381 volcanic products, 180 –181 Oxygen strontium isotope data, 495 chronostratigraphic framework, 356–365 Monte Fossa delle Felci, 156 classification diagrams, 370 activity, 178 P. del Cugno Lungo Formation composite stratigraphic sections, 365 early products, 175 lithologic properties, 269, 391 distal tephra layers, 360, 383–385 magma mixing, 188 P. delle Fontanelle Formation dome-field, 369–370 dacites, 167 lithologic properties, 269, 391 domes, 377 stratovolcano, 172–175, P. del Perciato Formation, 235, 243 episodic explosive phases, 385 175–178 lithologic properties, 270 Epoch 1, 369–370 Monte Guardia, 127–129 P. le Grotticelle Supersynthem, 130–133 Epoch 1a, 367 basaltic andesites, 135 P. S. Giuseppe Formation, 245 Epoch 1b, 369–370 scoria, 129 lithologic properties, 271 Epoch 1c, 368 Monte Lentia domes Palaeoshorelines, 67 Epoch 2, 370–373 dome-field, 305, 306, 308 architecture, 73 Epoch 3, 373–374 volcanic and tectonic events, 326 chronostratigraphic relationships, 71 Epoch 4, 374–375 Monte Lentia Formation, 326 eustatic peak, 119 Eruption 4.1, 373 lithologic features, 339 Filicudi, 73, 116–123 Eruption 4.2, 373 Monte Luccia Formation Lipari volcanic complex, 217, 222, 223 Eruption 4.3, 373 lithologic features, 337 older than Last Interglacial, 71 eruptive history, 367–373 Monte Molineddo 1 Formation Panarea volcanic group, 355–356 explosive activity, 385–385 lithologic features, 336 Salina Island, 73, 158–159, 162, 163 gas burst, 385 Monte Molineddo 2 Formation stacking pattern, 69 gas explosive eruptions, 385 lithologic features, 337 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian geological history, 351–390 Monte Molineddo 3 Formation archipelago, 68–71, 73 geological map, 354, 366 lithologic features, 337 younger than Last Interglacial, 71 geology and mapping, 352–354 pyroclastic products, 303 Paleo-Alicudi informal unit geo-volcanological evolution, 352 Monte Montagnola, 130–133 Alicudi composite volcano, 91 incompatible element patterns, 382 dome, 117, 130 eruptive epoch 1, 91 insights on hazard scenarios, 385 Monte Palmieri Subsynthem, 129 Paleo-Filicudi informal unit, 125–126 late explosive phases, 370 Monte Rivi Paleo-Lipari unit list of lithostratigraphic units, 389–392 activity reconstruction, 191 old volcanoes, 237 lithostratigraphic units, 363 stratovolcano, 172–175 Paleo-Panarea informal unit, 367 localization, 352 Monterosa Paleo-Salina informal unit, 169–170 major and trace elements, 373 volcanic products, 240 Paleo-Salina unit major and trace element variations, 375 scoria cones, 258 unconformity-bounded units, 164 major element variation diagrams, 380 Monte Rosso Formation Paleostromboli mantle source composition, 375 lithologic features, 337 calc-alkaline rocks, 434 mapping methodology, 352–353 scoria cone, 303 evolutionary degrees, 437 marine terrace deposits, 355–356 Monte Sant’Angelo stratovolcano, 42 HKCA rocks, 437 marine terraces, 357 Monte Saraceno Paleostromboli I stratocone, 411–414 morphostructural sketch, 354 activity, 309 Epochs 1–2 products, 414 morphostructural sketch map, 356 Monte Saraceno Formation Paleostromboli II stratocone, 414–416 palaeoshorelines, 355–356, 363 lithologic features, 339 Paleostromboli III, 416 petrogenesis, 376–377 Monte Terrione, 129–130 products, 415 petrological and geochemical data, activity, 130 stratocone, 414–416 375–376 coulees, 117, 129, 143 Paleo-Stromboli informal unit, 411–414 plumbing system, 375 Morpho-structural features, 16 Paleo-Vulcano informal unit, 295 previous works on stratigraphy and Multibeam bathymetric data, 34 Palisi Formation mapping, 353–354 Multibeam bathymetry lithologic properties, 389 pyroclastic successions, 365 Aeolian archipelago data, 34 Panarea, 8, 9, 15, 60, 67 radiometric ages, 356–357, 359 Tyrrhenian Sea, 14, 28 major and trace elements data, rock classification, petrography and Multibeam data processing, 29 500–501 mineral chemistry, 365 Multibeam surveys, 28 submarine flanks, 31 major, trace element and isotopic Multibeam swath bathymetry, 27 submerged shelf, 19, 21 compositions, 378–379 submerged volcanic edifice, 31 rock-stratigraphic units, 352 Nel Cannestra` Formation western sector, 20 sketched geological sections, 386 lithological features, 459 Panarea volcanic group steps of eruptive history, 384–385 Neodymium, 181 activity chronology and character, stratigraphic sections, 362 Neostromboli, 428, 443–445 379–380 stratigraphic succession, 365–367, activities, 420–426 age constraints, 358 368–369 eccentric activities, 423–426 allogenic unconformities, 361 strontium isotopes, 382 volcanic products, 422, 427, autogenic unconformities, 362 strontium-neodymium-lead isotopes, 374 431, 434 bathymetric maps, 353 structural control on volcanism, Non-volcanic formations, 40 Brown Tuffs, 357 382–383 Non-volcanic lithosomes, 44 CA rocks isotopic compositions, 375 structural features, 354–356

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Panarea volcanic group (Continued) Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution Punte Nere Formation submarine morphostructural setting, 350 Africa-Eurasia convergence zone, 4 lithologic features, 340 tectonic trends, 380 Pollara Pyroclastic-breccias, 413 tephra layers, 359, 361 layers, 160 Pyroclastic density currents, 64 tephrochronological marker bed, 356 Lower, 179 deposits, 181 tephrostratigraphic constraints, 358–359 products, 181 trace element variation diagrams, 381 stratigraphic correlations across Quadrara Formation, 305 unconformities, 362–365, 364 Aeolian archipelago, 62 lithologic features, 339 unconformities and unconformity- tuff ring, 179–181 bounded units, 363 Upper, 179–181 Radiocarbon ages uplift amounts and rates, 385 Pomiciazzo Formation, 247 Brown Tuff deposits, 160 volcanic dykes, 352 lithologic properties, 272 Lower Pollara activity, 179 volcanic features, 350 Portedduzza Formation Radiogenic isotopes volcanic products, 371 lithological features, 456 Alicudi composite volcano, 95 volcanic rocks, 365 Porto di Levante Subsynthem, 309–314 Filicudi, 133–134 western coastal cliff, 355 Post-caldera volcanism, 326 Salina Island, 181–184, 189, 201 Passo del Piano Formation Post-Pizzo activity, 429 Stromboli, 490 lithologic features, 337 Potassium oxide v. silica dioxide Radiometric ages, 2, 38, 58 lobate basaltic lava flow, 303 classification diagrams, 493 Alicudi volcano, 85 Petrazza Tuffs, 358 Primordial mantle, 497 Filicudi, 117–119, 144–145 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian Primordial Vulcano, 326 Lipari volcanic complex, 215, 217–219, archipelago, 62 stratocone, 299, 324 218, 264–265 Petrochemical analysis, 38 Puddino Formation Panarea volcanic group, Petrological variations, 1 lithologic properties, 267 356–357, 359 Physiographic characteristics, 13 Pulera Formation Salina Island, 157 Pianoconte Formation, 326 andesite to dacite lavas, 232 Stromboli volcano, 402, 405, 450–453 lithologic features, 337 lithologic properties, 269 Vulcano, 286, 334–335 lithologic properties, 270, 391, 392 petrographic features, 235 Rare earth elements geochemistry, 504 Piano d’Alighieri Formation Pumice cone Remote sensing analysis, 38 lithologic features, 340 Punta Bandiera Formation, 305 Riberosse Piano di Luccia Formation lithologic features, 338 eruptive fissure, 128 lithologic features, 336 Punta Cardosi Formation Rina Grande Formation products, 300 lithologic properties, 388 lithological features, 463 Piano di Mandra lava domes, 96 Punta dei Corvi Subsynthem, Rina Grande Synthem, 299–302 Piano Grande Synthem, 237–239 423–426 Rocca di Ciauli Subsynthem, 129–130 Piano Grotte dei Rossi Formation, 305, 309, Punta del Monaco Formation Rocce di Barcone Formation 327, 330, 333 lithologic features, 338 lithologic properties, 270 lithologic features, 339 Punta del Mortaro Formation xenoliths, 167 lithologic properties, 271, 272, 392 lithologic features, 335 Rocche Rosse, 248 Piano Grotte dei Rossi tuffs, 305–309, Punta del Rosario Formation Roisa Formation 308 lithologic features, 335 fissure, 445 outcrop exposure, 308 Punta del Tribunale Formation lithological features, 458 Piano Luccia lithologic properties, 389 scoriae, 421 eruptive vent, 300 Punta di Mastro Minico Formation, 316 Piano Milazzese, 76 Punta di Megna lava flow Salina Island, 8, 155–208 Piano Milazzese Synthem, 370–373, helium isotope analyses, 185 age attribution criteria, 162 373–374 Punta di Perciato, 179 allogenic unconformities, 164 Pietra Campana, 239 Punta di Perciato Subsynthem, 179 basalt magma genesis, 188–191 Pietre Cotte Formation Punta Falcone basalts, 167 activity, 313 fallout scoriae, 385 basalts trace element patterns, 186 lithologic features, 341 outcrops, 371 bathymetric setting, 156 Pietrovito volcano, 237 pink tephra, 381 Brown Tuffs, 162 Pignataro di fuori Formation scoriaceous succession, 371 chondrite-normalized REE patterns, 186 lithologic properties, 268 scoriae, 60, 373–374, 374 chronology and dating of marine Piscita` Formation, 485 Punta Falcone Formation terraces, 163 lithological features, 459 lithologic properties, 389 chronostratigraphic diagram, 160, 162 Pizzo activity, 445 Punta Falcone-2 Formation chronostratigraphic framework, 157, volcanic products, 430–431 lithologic properties, 391 159–161 Pizzo Capo Punta Fontanelle Formation, 167 collapse, 194 volcanic products, 163 Punta Frontone Subsynthem, 426 composite stratigraphic sections, 182 Pizzo Capo volcano, 19, 169–170, Punta Labronzo Formation crustal xenoliths, 188 170–171 lithological features, 459 discussion, 191–194 Pizzo cone, 428 Punta Malopasso Formation, 101 earliest phases of activity, 194 Pizzo di Corvo, 19, 165 Punta Palmeto lithosome, 44 edges of submarine shelves, 31 Pizzo juvenile scoriae, 428 Punta Perciato Subsynthem, 126 Epoch 1, 169–170 Pizzo o Sopra la Fossa Formation Punta Roia Formation, 327 Epoch 2, 170–171 lithological features, 461 lithologic features, 339 Epoch 3, 172–175 Plagioclase, 123 radiometric ages, 308 Epoch 4, 175–178 Piano Grande Synthem, 239 Punta Scritta Subsynthem, 369–370 Epoch 5, 178–179, 180 –181

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Epoch 6, 179–181, 183 unconformities, 163–164, 166 Secca del Capo, 32 Eruption 6.1, 179 unconformities and unconformity-bounded Sisifo, 56 Eruption 6.2, 179 units, 165 Stromboli, 29 Eruption 6.3, 179–181 volcanic features, 33 volcanoes, 3 Eruptive Epochs major elements and volcanic lithosomes, 169 Secca del Capo trace elements, 198–199 volcanic products, 176 seamounts, 32 eruptive history, 168–181 volcanic suite, 184, 187, 188, 189 Secche di Lazzaro Formation eruptive history schematic volcano-tectonic activity, 157 hydromagmatic eruption, 426–428 framework, 192 width, 21 lithological features, 460 exposures of volcanic products, 177 xenolith geochemistry, 185 Secondary eruptive centres, 32 fractional crystallization, 186 San Bartolo Formation Sector collapse, 48, 102, 113 geological map, 168 fissure, 426 Seismic flux, 6 geology and mapping, 156–167 lavas xenoliths, 436 Seismic profiles, 16, 20 isotopic variations, 187, 188, 189 lithological features, 461 Semaforo di Pollaro Subsynthem, layering of crust, 6 San Vincenzo Formation 179–181 lithostratigraphic units, 167, 203–208 lithological features, 458 Semaforo Labronzo Formation, 426 location, 156 scoria cone, 422, 445 hydromagmatic eruption, 426 magma mixing and mingling Sc.8 Bianco Formation lithological features, 460 processes, 189 lithologic properties, 266 Semaforo Nuovo Formation magma plumbing system, 195–196 Sc.8 le Torricelle Synthem, 239–241 hydromagmatic eruption, 422 magma storage depth estimates, 195 Scari Formation, 417 lithological features, 458 magmatic cumulate rocks, 175 lithological features, 456 Serra delle Felicicchie Synthem, 304–305 magmatic differentiation, 186–188 Sc.8 dell’Immeruta Formation, 116, 124, 132, Serra di Pollara Synthem, 179–181 magmatic evolution, 155–208 159, 163, 166, 171, 178, 200, 230, Serra Pirrera Formation magmatic history, 193 239, 267, 269, 368, 390 lithologic properties, 268 major and trace elements, 181 lithologic properties, 390 Serro Adorno Formation major and trace elements data, 499 Sciara del Fuoco eccentric vent, 426 major element variation diagrams, 184 depression, 482 lithological features, 460 mantle source composition, 188–191 flank collapses and lava flows, 486–487 Serro Barabba Synthem, 414–416 marine terrace deposits, 158–159 lava terrace, 482 Serro Favarolo marine terraces, 162 lithological features, 462 products, 178 mineralogy and mineral chemistry of occurrence of lava flows, 485 Serro Monaco Subsynthem, 418 volcanic rocks, 173 rims, 481 Shallow-water bathymetry morphostructural features, seawards displacement, 476 three dimensional view, 22 157–158, 158 sector collapse, 445 Shoshonite morphostructural sketch map, 159 structure, 484 Siccagni volcanic debris palaeoshoreline, 73 Synthem, 426–432 successive units, 132 palaeoshorelines, 158–159 volcanic activity, 477 Sicily petrogenesis, 186–191 Sciarra dell’a˚Arena Formation crustal tomography images, 5 petrological and geochemical data, lithologic properties, 273 Silica 181–185 Sciarra di Monterosa Formation elements, 134 photomicrographs illustrating range of lithologic properties, 267 Sisifo-Alicudi Fault System volcanic rocks, 174 Scogliera sotto il Monte Synthem, 243 earthquakes, 6 radiogenic and stable isotope Scoglio Bastimento Formation Sisifo seamount geochemistry, 201 lithologic properties, 392 submarine lavas, 56 radiogenic isotopes, 181–184 Scoglio Conigliara Formation Slope gradients maps, 15 radiometric ages, 157 lava flows, 299 Soldata Formation radiometric ages obtained for volcanic lithologic features, 336 lithologic properties, 390 rocks, 197–198 Scoglio della Fortuna Synthem, 126, pyroclastic succession, 372 REE concentrations in rocks, 181 129–130, 172–175, 175–178 Southern dome-field rock classification, petrography and Scoglio dell’Arpa Synthem, 299 lower portion, 243 mineral chemistry, 167 Scoglio di Montenassari lava rocks, 133 upper portion, 243–245 schematic vertical profiles, 159 Scoglio Galera, 85 Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, 4, 5, 56. sea-level oscillations, 178 volcanic products, 94, 95 See also Tyrrhenian Sea stable isotopes, 184–185 Scoglio Galera Synthem bathymetry, 38 stratigraphic analysis, 157 Alicudi composite volcano, 91 depth of hypocentres, 5 stratigraphic succession, 164–167, Alicudi volcano, 91 strain map, 7 170–171 Scoglio La Loca Subsynthem, 373–374 volcanoes, 3–9 stratigraphic synthesis, 190–191 Scoglio la Mitra Spano Synthem structural history, 194–195 outcrop exposure, 132 Alicudi composite volcano, 93 subaerial volcanic activity, 195 Sea-level driven unconformities Spiaggia Lunga Formation succession of Eruptive Epochs, 169 dip-oriented sections, 71 basalt melts, 324 tephra layers, 161 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian lithologic features, 338 tephrostratigraphic constraints, 161–163 archipelago, 73 Stratigraphic approach, 49 terrace deposits, 74 Sea-level oscillations, 73 Stratigraphic correlation terraces, 159 Seamounts Stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian three dimensional views of submerged Filicudi North, 33 archipelago, 55–78 shelves, 19 location map, 492 Aeolian tephra layers, 62–63 trace elements geochemistry, 200–201 North Panarea, 31 allogenic unconformities, 73

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Brown Tuffs, 63–66 changes in crater area, 477 low-porphyricity magma, 474 Campanian-Roman tephras, 61–62 chronological assessment, 445 mafic magma compositions, 438 Campanian tephra layers, 57–62 chronostratigraphic framework, 400 mafic rocks, 440 Grey Porri Tuffs, 62 classical lithostratigraphic units, 399 magma genesis, 438 inter-island unconformities, 74–76 classification, 409 magmatic feeding system, 439–441 Intermediate Brown Tuffs, 65 craters, 474 magmatic history, 399–467 Ischia Tephra, 60–61 damage, 485 major and trace elements, 434 Lower Brown Tuffs, 65–66 dating framework, 400–402 major elements, 433–434 Lower Pollara Tuffs, 62 differentiation processes during magma mantle source composition, M. Guardia pyroclastics, 62–63 ascent, 436–438 438–439 M. Pilato pyroclastics, 63 dykes and eruptive fissures, 402 mapping methodology, 397–398 marine terrace deposits, 66–71 early flank eruption, 423 mineralogical characteristics and mineral palaeoshorelines, 68–71 eccentric activity, 425 chemistry, 412 palaeoshorelines architecture, 73 eccentric vent, 426 morphological changes in crater palaeoshorelines older than Last Epoch 1, 411–413 terrace, 481 Interglacial, 71 Epoch 2, 413–416 morphological variations related to present palaeoshorelines younger than Last Epoch 3, 416–418 activity, 479–481 Interglacial, 71 Epoch 3a, 416 morpho-structural sketch map, 402 Petrazza Tuffs, 62 Epoch 3b, 416 normal activity, 474–475 radiometric age constraints, 56–57 Epoch 4, 418 onset of present-day activity, 481–482 sea-level driven unconformities, 73 Epoch 4a, 418 oxygen isotopes, 439 study site, 56 Epoch 4b, 418 palaeomagnetic dating, 401 tephrostratigraphy, 57–66 Epoch 4c, 418 parameters for normal activity, 475 unconformities, 73 Epoch 5, 421–428 paroxysms, 474 unconformity bounded framework, Epoch 5a, 421–422 Pleistocene activity, 439–440 76–77 Epoch 5b, 423–426 plumbing system, 440–441, 441–442, 442 unconformity-bounded units, 74–77 Epoch 5c, 426 present-day activity, 433 unconformity F1 ,74–75 Epoch 6, 428–433 present-day normal activity, 473 unconformity Id,76 Epoch 6a, 428 present eruptive activity and hazards, unconformity L3,76 Epoch 6b, 429 473–485 unconformity UI,75–76 Epoch 6c, 432, 432–433 previous work on geological unconformity UII,76 eruptive, 397–465 mapping, 399 Upper Brown Tuffs, 65 eruptive activity characteristics, 473–476 primary magmas origin, 438–439 Vallone del Gabellotto pyroclastics, 63 eruptive column, 480 probability events, 485–487 X-6 and X-5 tephras, 60 Eruptive Epochs, 410, 411 pyroclastic density currents, 483–484 Y-7 tephra, 60–61 eruptive history, 409–433 radiocarbon calendar age, 401 Strike-slip deformation, 9 eruptive vents, 444 radiometric ages, 401–406, 452–455 Stromboli, 15, 352, 428–433 examples of explosions, crater shapes rock classification, petrography and collapse scar, 30 and products, 475 mineralogy, 409 major and trace elements data, 502–503 explosions, 476–477 rock compositional variations, 433 OIB-type component, 505 flank collapses, 486–487 Roman-age to present-day activity, radiogenic isotope, 490 forecasting capability, 485–487 445–448 recurrent large-scale collapses, 30 geochemical data, 464–465, 466–467 shaded relief map, 474 subconical seamount, 29 geological cross-sections, 446 shock waves, 484–485 submarine portions, 34 geological map, 413 silica ranges, 438 submerged shelf, 19 geology and mapping, 398–407 small-scale pyroclastic flows, 475 three dimensional views of submerged hazardous phenomena, 482–483 stratigraphic outline, 407–408 shelves, 20 Holocene activity, 443–445 stratigraphic succession, 406–407 Strombolian activity, 472 Holocene eccentric activity, 445 stratigraphic trenches, 481 Strombolian explosions physical hot avalanches, 483–484 Strombolicchio, 411 parameters, 472 hydromagmatic eruptions, 443-445 strontium isotope signature, 440 Strombolian volcanism, 38 informal lithosomes, 399 structural features, 402–403 Strombolicchio Formation, 15, 409 insights into magma plumbing system, 448 synthems, 406 CA rocks, 433 isotope ratios, 435–436 tephra layers, 401, 480 lithological features, 454 isotopic variation, 437 tephrochronological constraints, 401–402 Stromboli volcano, 8, 397–467, 476 landslides and tsunamis, 478–479, 483 trace elements, 433–434 assimilation plus equilibrium large-scale, small-scale paroxysms and tsunamis, 484 crystallization, 437 lava effusions, 479 unconformities, 404–405, 405 assimilation plus fractional crystallization, large-scale paroxysms, 481 unconformities and unconformity-bounded 435 large-scale paroxysms, major explosions units, 408 ballistic block fallout, 484 and lava flows, 478 unconformity-bounded units, 399 ballistic blocks, 480 lateral collapses, 403, 403, 441 vent location, 424 ballistic-dominated explosions, 473 lava flows, 477–478, 483 violent explosions, 476–477 ballistic fallout, 482–483 lava flows outside Sciara del Fuoco, volcanic hazard, 482–485 ballistic spatter fallout, 486 486–487 volcano-tectonic, 397–465 bathymetric and morpho-structural lithosomes, 409 volcano-tectonic collapses, 403 setting, 397–398 lithostratigraphic units, 410, 454–465 wildfires, 483 category 1 events, 484 location, 397 wind directions, 484 category 2 events, 484 loose black scoriae and sand, 433 xenoliths, 436–437

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Stromboli volcano rocks Timpone Pataso Formation, 238, 241 Vallone del Castagno Formation, 173 chondritic normalized, 435 lithologic properties, 268 lithologic properties, 272 diagrams of silica, 440 Timpone Ricotta Formation Vallone del Castagno Subsynthem, 172–175 Eruptive Epochs, 436 lithologic properties, 268 Vallone del Gabellotto Formation, 246–247 magmatic series, 438 Tindari-Letojanni Fault, 490 lithologic properties, 272 strontium v. silica diagram, 435 Torricella Formation marker beds, 358 Strontium, 181 lithologic properties, 389 pumiceous products, 247 lead isotope ratios, 495 Trace elements stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian lead isotopic compositions ratios, 504, 504 archipelago, 63 mafic-intermediate rocks, 495–497 variation diagrams, 135 Vallone del Monaco Formation Structural and sedimentary features, 30, Transgressions, 47 lithological features, 454 32, 34 Tsunamis (tsunami) Vallone di Rina Formation Structural map, 8 Stromboli volcano, 484 lithological features, 455, 456 Structural setting, 28–29 Tyrrhenian Basin Vallone Fiume Bianco Synthem, 246–248 Subaerial erosion, 47 crustal tomography images, 5 Vallone La Fossa, 129 Subaerial portions, 57 Tyrrhenian Sea, 4, 5 Vallone Malopasso Formation, 235 Subconical seamount depth of hypocentres, 5 lithologic properties, 267 Stromboli, 29 multibeam bathymetry, 14, 28 Vallone Martello Synthem, 170–171 Subducted sediments, 503 strain map, 7 Vancori, 418 Submarine lavas volcanism, 3 composite volcano, 441 Sisifo seamount, 56 products, 421 Submerged Depositional Terraces, U Mazzuni Formation stratocone, 418 19, 19, 20 lithologic properties, 268 summit, 418 Submerged insular shelf Unconformities Vancori Formation, 418 development, 18 Alicudi volcano, 88–89, 89 lithological features, 454 Submerged shelves, 18–19 classification in volcanic areas, 74 Vent (eruptive vent) Aeolian Islands, 18–19 Filicudi, 119, 121 Vigna Vecchia Formation Aeolian volcanoes, 17–19, 22 Lipari volcanic complex, 224–229, 225 lithological features, 460 Filicudi Island, 18 Panarea volcanic group, 362–365, 364 Viscous lava flows Panarea, 19 regional stratigraphic extent, 74 V.ne Canneto dentro Formation Panarea Island, 21 Salina Island, 163–164, 165, 166 lithologic properties, 272 Stromboli, 20 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian V.ne dei Lacci Formation three dimensional views, 19 archipelago, 73 lithologic properties, 266 Stromboli volcano, 404–405, 405–406 V.ne di Bezzotti Formation Tephra layers, 59, 220 Unconformity bounded framework lithologic properties, 267 Filicudi, 118 Alicudi volcano, 90 V.ne di Rina Formation M. Pilato eruption, 359 Lipari volcanic complex, 229 lithological features, 454 outcrop exposure, 61 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian V.ne di Rina Synthem, 416–418 Panarea volcanic group, 359, 360, 361, archipelago, 76–77 Volcanic activity 383–385 Unconformity-bounded units, 84 time-development, 56 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian hierarchization, 48 Volcanic areas archipelago, 62–63 Lipari, 226 eruptive history, 38, 49–51, 50 Stromboli volcano, 402, 480 Paleo-Filicudi unit, 122 field stratigraphic analysis, 39 tephrostratigraphic analysis, 55 Paleo-Salina unit, 164 geological mapping stratigraphic time-stratigraphic framework, 75 Panarea volcanic group, 363 methodology, 37–51 Vulcano, 286, 287 Salina Island, 165 lithosomes, 41–44 Tephrostratigraphic constraints stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian mappable units, 41 Alicudi volcano, 85–86 archipelago, 74–77 mapping, 38–39 Filicudi, 118 stratigraphic framework, 77 second-order unconformities, 48 Tephrostratigraphy Stromboli volcano, 399, 406 stratigraphic categories, 39 stratigraphic correlations across Aeolian volcanic areas, 44–49 stratigraphic classification and mapping, 39 archipelago, 57–66 Vulcano, 326 stratigraphic procedure, 41–44 Terrace deposits, 67 Urnazzo Subsynthem, 245 stratigraphic succession, 50 facies architecture, 68 stratigraphy, 38–39 Timpa del Corvo Formation V. Muria Synthem, 245 study area, 37–38 fissures, 299–302 Valdichiesa Synthem, 178–179 synthesis by UBUs, 44–49 lithologic features, 336 Valle di Pero, 238 UBUs, 44–49 Timpone Carrubbo Formation, 238 Valle la Fossa Subsynthem, 127–129 UBUs application, 48 lithologic properties, 266 Vallonaccio Subsynthem, 245–246 Volcanic features, 30, 32, 34 volcano, 238 Vallonazzo Formation Volcanic formations Timpone del Corvo Formation lithological features, 459 geological mapping, 39 dacitic layers, 232 Vallonazzo Synthem, 305–309, Volcanic insular shelves lithologic properties, 268 309–314 development and significance, 17–18 Timpone del Fuoco Formation sketch geological map of volcanic Volcanic islands lithological features, 460 products, 307 bathymetry, 38 Timpone del Grado Subsynthem, 241 Vallone d’Agliastro Subsynthem, development of submerged insular Timpone Mona Subsynthem, 179 175–178 shelf, 18 Timpone Ospedale Formation, 239 Vallone dei Zappini Formation, 174 insular shelves, 17 lithologic properties, 266 lithologic properties, 272 unconformities, 44

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Volcaniclastic products Vulcanello islet panoramic view, 286 classification and terminology, 41 panoramic view, 312 petrology, 281–344 Volcanic lithosomes, 41 Vulcano, 8, 64, 65 plumbing system, 323–326 Volcanic terrains areal distribution of PDCs, 332 previous works on stratigraphy and field stratigraphic analysis and mapping, 49 average gradients of submarine flanks, 31 mapping, 283–284 Volcanoes, 3–9, 13–23 caldera formation, 330–331 radiometric ages, 286 Aeolian Islands deep structure, 3–5 chronostratigraphic framework, radiometric ages for volcanic rocks, Alicudi composite volcano, 83–84 286–288, 287 334–335 Alicudi volcano, 83–109 classification, petrography and mineral REE patterns, 317 characteristics, 13–23 chemistry, 291–295 schematic geological profile, 324 chronological constraints, 22–23 classification diagrams for products, 294 schematic stratigraphic succession, DEM, 15 edges of submarine shelves, 31 292–293 eastern sector, 8 Epoch 1, 295 site and structural setting, 282–283 edifices, 15 Epoch 2, 299 sketch geological map, 291 factors controlling wave erosion, 20–21 Epoch 3, 299 stratigraphic succession, 288–291 geological framework, 13–14 Epoch 4, 299–302 strontium-neodymium-lead isotope geophysical and structural features, 3 Epoch 5, 302–304 data, 317 interpretative geodynamic setting, 8 Epoch 6, 304–305 structural features and volcanic landforms, kinematics, 3–9 Epoch 7, 305–309 284–286 location, 3 Epoch 8, 309–314 tephra layers, 286, 287 major islands, 3 eruptive activity, 324 time-stratigraphic framework of morphological evolution, 13, 22–23 eruptive history, 295–314, 327 unconformities, 290 physiographic parameters, 15 eruptive scenario, 333 trace elements variation diagrams, 316 relationships between earthquakes and evolution, 314–326 unconformities, 288, 289 active volcanism, 8–9 geochemistry of xenoliths and magmatic unconformity-bounded units, 326 seamounts, 3 enclaves, 318–319 Upper Brown Tuffs, 330 seismicity and deformation, 5–7 geology, 281–344 volcanic hazard, 333 size parameters, 15 geology and mapping, 283–295 volcanic history, 281–344 Southern Tyrrhenian, 3–9 historical activity, 331 volcanic rocks classification, 296–297 submarine extension, 14–17 incompatible trace element ratios, 318 volcanic rocks mineral chemistry, submarine portions, 13, 19, 22–23 inter-element and isotopic variation dia- 296–297 submerged shelves, 17–19, 22 grams, 321 volcanic rocks petrography, 296–297 tectonic structures, 7–8 isotopic ratios, 320 volcanic system, 283 volcanic insular shelves development and layering of crust, 6 volcanological and magmatic evolution, significance, 17–18 lithostratigraphic units, 290, 335–342 330 volcanic structures, 7–8 location, 282 volcano-tectonic structures, 284 western sector, 7 mafic magmas, 323 Vulcano Island width age relation for submerged shelves, magma reservoirs, 263 three dimensional view, 22 21–22 magma differentiation, 319–322 Vulcano-Lipari-Salina Volcano-tectonic structures, 23 magma genesis and evolution, 314–326 morphostructural bathymetric sketch Volcano-tectonic collapse, 87 magma storage polybaric system, 324 map, 214 Vulcanello, 285, 309–314 magmatic history, 325 Vulcano Porto village, 332 activities, 311 major and trace elements, 315–317 composite cone, 309, 312 major and trace elements data, 502–503 Western eruptive fissures, 304–305 cones, 321 major elements variation diagrams, 315 Western sector bathy-morphological lithosome, 290 major trace element and isotopic data, setting, 33–34 lower portion, 311 342–344 Western volcanoes, 237–239 shoshonites, 322 mantle source composition, 322–323 Width age relation for submerged shelves, submarine eruptive activity, 34 morphostructural sketch map, 285 21–22 upper portion, 313 multi-cyclic caldera structures, 284 volcanic features, 32 natural hazards, 331–333 X-5 and X-6 tephras, 60 Vulcanello 1 Formation, 340 origin of primary melts, 322–323 Xenoliths, 123 Vulcanello 2 Formation, 340 oxygen and helium isotope data, Vulcanello 3 Formation, 341 317–318 Y-7 tephra, 60–61

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This Memoir provides information on geological features of the Aeolian Islands volcanoes at a c c e r i l

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Cover illustration: The active crater and fumaroles of La Fossa cone on Vulcano Island. The other Aeolian Islands (from the left, Alicudi, Filicudi, Salina, Lipari, Panarea, Stromboli) are visible in the background. Photo courtesy of Claudio Antonio Tranne. The Geological Society Published by the Geological Society

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